As it is written not according to Senka hat. What does the popular expression mean: according to Senka, a hat

People at all times have always worn hats, because the hat not only protected from the weather, but also determined the status of a person and was a symbol of wealth. What forms the hat took on! And could tell a lot about its owner. But we are all human, and humans make mistakes. What if the hat on your head doesn't suit you at all? So, today's publication will be devoted to the meaning of the proverb "Not according to Senka's hat."

The meaning and history of the proverb

This proverb is so ancient that its appearance dates back to around the 17th century. I would like to note that in those distant times, headdresses had great importance. The wearing of hats for men was mandatory. Women, when getting married, were also required to cover their heads. The origin of man played a leading role. And it doesn't matter that you're stupid, the main thing is that you noble birth. By birth, a person was honored. The proverb mentions a certain Senka, which indicates his simple origin, if he were noble, they would say about him Semyon. And if Senka had bought himself a fur hat, and even embroidered with gold thread, then he would not have the right to wear it.

The meaning of the proverb "Not according to Senka's hat" boils down to the fact that everyone is rewarded according to his merits. In those days, belonging to a noble family was decisive. Over time, the meaning of the expression changed, and the meaning of the proverb “Not according to Senka's hat” acquired the following: a person is in the wrong place. This proverb is used with a share of mocking irony, ridicules that person who is not only out of place, but also not worthy of this position and the honors that he receives. And sometimes this position is simply beyond his strength or, as they say, beyond his reach.

Also, the proverb is used if a young man takes care of a girl and, blinded by her beauty, sometimes does not see real picture: he is not a match for her. She does not suit him according to many criteria, it is possible that this social status, and the difference of characters, and even growth.

Today, or What to do if your boss is "Senka"

We examined in detail what “not for Senka’s hat” means, but what if you had to face “Senka” in real life? But first, you should make sure that you do not have envy and you do not want to shift your work onto other people's shoulders. Still, be indulgent, because "Senka" is also a person who has the right to make mistakes. It is possible that your patience and attentiveness will be generously rewarded over time. And if life has become so unbearable, then you should be distracted and go, say, to the pool or the gym. And do not forget that at any moment you can start searching new work.

Instead of a thousand words

Thanks to the proverb "Not according to Senka's hat", the meaning of which we examined in detail in this publication, you can see the very essence of that worldly wisdom, which was formulated in the form of rules of life. It is enough to say a proverb, and there is no need to resort to lengthy explanations, the idea is clear. And your interlocutor quickly understands what idea they want to convey to him.

Knowing the meaning of the proverb "Not for Senka's hat" will help to use it to the point. Always happy if suitable occasion there is a necessary phrase that will not only teach, but also guide you on the right path.

In Rus', the boyars wore high hats made of marten, sable or beaver fur; the more noble and ancient the boyar family was considered, the higher the hat was. (N. Kostomarov "Essay on domestic life and customs of the Great Russian people in the 16th and 17th centuries")

English analogues of the phraseological unit "According to Senka's hat"

• The cobbler should stick to his last - the shoemaker should hold on to his block
• The higher the ape goes, the more he shows his tail - the higher the monkey climbs, the more visible its tail
• To fit like a glove - fits like a glove

Synonyms of the saying "Not according to Senka hat"

• You don't take it according to order
• You can't buy the mind with wealth
• According to Erem and cap
• To each his own
• God bless the one who knows how to take it down
• By merit and honor
• Honored Savva neither in honor nor in glory
• By the serf and the master

The use of the phrase in literature

- “Good God! Pushkin was killed, Lermontov was killed, Pisarev was drowned, Ryleev was strangled... Would you say the government is to blame? But after all, a master is a slave, a hat is a cap according to Senka ”( I. Bunin "Village")
- “Klavka, having excited the old people, began to argue easily, with a smile: - Aunt Daria, yes, you are like that. Breathe incense yourself and choose your own life. According to Senka, a hat "( V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera")
- “Evlalia Andreevna, I see that we are rivals. Listen, give me Artemy Vasilyevich undeniably. You need ideal people, with lofty feelings, but he is such to me, this one suits me too. According to Senka and a hat "( A. Ostrovsky "Slaves")
- “The captain’s house stood on a hillock .. the abomination of desolation was visible everywhere: the columns were askew, the roof was rotten, the mezzanine stood with broken glass. “Senka and a hat,” Lekandra said, climbing the staggering steps of the collapsed porch ”( D. Mamin-Sibiryak "We all eat bread").
- “And in a few minutes I was convinced that now that she was gone, the need to think about her had lost its sharpness .. - In the end - her death is not so mysterious, something ... something like that should have happened. According to Senka - a hat "( M. Gorky "The Life of Klim Samgin")

According to Senka and a hat(meaning) - not worthy Furthermore what it has is just what it deserves (Explanatory Dictionary, 1935-1940)

IN modern language"Not according to Senka's hat" is also used, meaning - too difficult a task, a matter for anyone.

In the old days, according to the height of the fur "throat" hats, it was easy to establish the nobility of the boyar family. The higher the "gorlatnaya" (sewn from soft expensive fur from the throat of a killed animal: martens, sable, beaver) hat, the more noble the family. Simple people did not wear such hats because of the high cost.

The proverb "According to Senka and a hat" was first recorded in Russian in the 17th century. The peasants wore a felt cap and a sheepskin hat. The boyars wore a sable hat in winter, and a warm cap underneath, and a downy hat in summer.

“What you follow, you will find,” 1, 4: “Mother, it’s not well established! A rich man marries a rich woman, a poor man marries a poor woman. - on the rich (until such a law came out from you) everything will be according to the old Russian institution: a cap according to Senka, a caftan according to Eremka."

Letter to A. S. Suvorin March 11, 1889 Moscow - "I only need your card; my cards are not needed by me, but by those people who pretend that they really, really need my card. After all, I also have admirers! There is no Senka for whom it would be impossible to pick up a hat."

"Modern Idyll" (1877) - Prudentov argues:
"- About folk wisdom you can say so, - he objected, - for the mob it is useful, but for high-ranking officials it can hardly serve as a guide. We still have one oral tradition: as much as you like! - so after all, this legend is already entered where it should be, as material. As for sayings, sometimes they are not suitable at all in our business. Take, for example, the following. The people say: according to Senka - a hat, but according to the circumstances of the case, it turns out that this saying, on the contrary, must be understood.
- Why so?
- And because because, sir. Leadership is the reason! There are a lot of Seneks, so if everyone requires a special hat for himself ... And here it is customary for us to reduce correspondence to everyone so that there is one measure! Here we are, sir. And this is right, I will report to you, because the people are stupid, sir.

"Signs of the Times" 4: "Where have you seen a beautiful proverb" according to Senka hat"Applied the other way around? Where is there an example of first fitting a hat, and then fitting Senka to it? To fool Senka by the hat is disgusting even to all the rules of philanthropy."

"Contemporaries", 2. Heroes of time:

Borrowed money everywhere

And, "attach" them in a hurry,

He is looking for Senka's hat...

Hats, clothes and appearance since ancient times have been hallmark defining different classes. External data is important condition in order to be considered one's own in the circle of a certain social class. In Rus', it was the hat that showed a person's belonging to one or another estate. Previously, Senka was called a nobleman who sits in the Senate, so he had to wear a hat in accordance with his estate. Ordinary people usually wore caps, which is why there is an analogue of the saying "According to Senka, a hat", which says that "According to Yerema and a cap."

In general, the custom to cover the hair came to us from ancient times. It was then that people began to consider hair as a container magical power. So, combed and cut hair could not just be thrown away - it was believed that this could cause headache or, even worse, a sorcerer will find them and bring trouble to the owner of the hair.

In Rus', men cut their hair short. Usually they did a haircut with the help of a pot, which was called “under the pot”. In order to make this hairstyle, you just had to put a pot up to your head and cut off the protruding edges of the hair. The women wore long hair braided. Moreover, they wore one braid before marriage and two after they get married. Married woman could not appear in public without a headdress.

The headdress on a woman is, first of all, a tribute to tradition and decoration. The male headdress indicated his position and social status. The Russian nobility could wear hats made of velvet and valuable fur. In addition, the headdress of a woman could determine her age. Family status And what area does she live in?

All men's hats in Rus' can be divided into several types. Common people wore hats made of white felt in summer, and cloth and fur in winter. Wealthy people they could wear hats made of fine cloth or velvet, and the rich could afford hats made of brocade or satin, in addition, a band with pearls could be fastened here. Moscow dandies added gold buttons to such a hat. The headdresses of the kings amazed with their splendor and luxurious decoration. One of these headdresses is the well-known "Monomakh's hat". She came to Russia in the XIV century. as a gift from the Bukhara prince and since then has become a symbol of power and autocracy in Russia. The cap also helped to determine the nobility of the boyars. So, this could be understood by how high their fur "throated" were (hats made from fur taken from the throat of an animal). The more noble a person was, the higher was the cap on his head.

The common people had no right to wear luxurious fur hats made from sable, beaver or marten fur. Most likely, it was from those times that such an expression as “according to Senka a hat” went. In modern Russian, phraseologism is used when we want to say that a person claims something that he does not deserve in accordance with his capabilities, spiritual qualities or mental ability.

According to tradition, men in Rus' took off their hats at the entrance to the church and folded them at the entrance, and at the end of the service they took them back. The one who was late came already to the hat, and since then this expression has stuck in the meaning of "to come somewhere too late, when everything is already over." And the expression "nodding acquaintance", meaning a superficial and cursory acquaintance with someone, is also associated with an old custom. When acquaintances or friends met, they raised their hats as a sign of greeting, and only friends shook hands.

The custom to cover the hair came to us from ancient times. It was then that the idea was born that hair is the seat of magical life force.
In Rus', a hat, more than any other piece of clothing, testified to a person's belonging to one or another class. Perhaps in those days there was a saying "Across Senka and a hat". famous proverb“According to Senka and a hat” was first recorded in Russian writing as early as the 17th century. From the proverb, Senka had a rich selection of hats, but property opportunities allowed him to wear a felt cap and a sheepskin hat. The boyar dressed richer: in winter he wore a sable hat, and under it a warm cap, in summer - a downy hat, and at home he rested in an elegantly embroidered tafeyka.

Word a cap arose in Russian from the French borrowing shap, igapa, although it is also suggested that Turkic origin this word. Texts from the 17th century along with the common hat, they also used a hat, a hat, which can be considered historically original for a hat (shap + k + a with the original diminutive, which soon disappears): “The Novgorodian Anufreya Artemiev, the son of 110 caps of Musk, showed up”; “Michael didn’t give me a hat, but I’m here with me, so I’ll give your hat.” These examples are taken from historical sources 17th century
All Russian men's hats were divided into several types. “Ordinary citizens have hats made of white felt in summer, and made of cloth lined with fur in winter,” Olearius noted. These hats were called kolpak, although the name itself appeared only in the 17th century, before that the hats were felted and were called felt boots.

The nobility of the boyar clan in old Rus' could easily be established by the height of their fur "throat" hats (they were called throaty because the fur for them was taken from the throat of a killed beast) hats. The more noble and dignitary the nobleman was, the higher such a hat rose above his head. The common people did not have the right (and even the means) to wear these luxurious hats made of marten, beaver or sable fur. From here the proverbs were born: “After Senka and a hat” or “After Yerem and a cap”, that is: to each honor according to his merits.