What is farce definition. See what "Farse" is in other dictionaries

What is farce?

1. The word "farce" has several meanings. About farce as a kind theatrical art Everything is already in the previous answers. Dahl's "farce" is a joke, a funny prank. In our time, "farce" is more often used in the sense of something hypocritical, cynical (for example, the elections have turned into a pathetic farce), or sometimes, as a rude joke.
2. Farce is a light comedy with purely external comic prima. In the Middle Ages, a farce was also called a kind folk theater and literature, circulated in the XIV XVI centuries in the western European countries Oh. Prima farcical buffoonery preserved in the circus clownery
   FARS French. farce, Latin. farsa one of the comic genres medieval theater. In the 7th century, in Church Latin, farsa (farsia) denoted an insertion in a church text (Epistola cum farsa, Epistola farsita, etc.), later these insertions became common in prayers and hymns. The fixing of the term F. for a dramatic interlude can be attributed to the 12th century. The undoubted source of F. are the French games (jeux), already known in the XII century under various names: dits, d # 233; bats, etc. The game under the foliage (Jeu de la feuill # 233; e, ca. , 1262) Adam de la Gale 12381286 has a number of purely farcical features both in terms of plot and wit of the provisions, and interpretation individual characters (predecessor of the Italian Harlequin devil Herlequin Croquesots, physicist, monk). The content of farces, as well as fables extremely close to them (see), was borrowed from everyday reality; F. themes are varied family relationships and the relationship of the master and servants, the deceit of his wife, the trickery in trade and in court, the adventures of a boastful soldier, the failure of an arrogant student; colorful images of monks and priests, merchants and artisans,

   soldiers and students, peasants and laborers, judges, officials; a comic situation is achieved by introducing an external effect of a brawl, squabble, etc.; often many complications are introduced by the use of several dialects, professional vocabulary, Macaronic Latin; individualization of the speech of F. characters was carried out in most cases quite consistently. There are no developed characters in the farce; as in fablio, F.'s characters act more, exchange puns and witty remarks; the growth of the plot occurs due to the rapid transfer of action from one place to another, unexpected explanations. Unlike large forms In the medieval city theater, F. did not know the lengthy preparation of the performance, did not have an equipped stage platform, and managed with the most primitive staging means. The French farce, and those close to F. soti, were the lot of small brotherhoods and were staged from the 14th century. predominantly parliamentary clerks (clercs de Basoche) and actors (enfants sans souci). Among the early F. are the Free Shooter from Bagnolet (Franc Archer de Bagnolet, 1468) and Trois galants et Philipot, where the old motif of the boastful soldier is beautifully developed. The number of F. has been growing strongly since the end of the 15th century. ; to this time is a kind of cycle F. about Patelena. Three Farces Monsieur Pierre Patelin 1470, New Patelin c. 1480, Testament of Patelen c. 1490 draw immortal image swindler-solicitor avocat sous lorme. The obvious popularity of these farces, especially the first one, is evident from the numerous editions (16 editions from 1489 to 1532) and those references to the main F., which are found in the New Patelen and in the Testament.

3. Firstly, farce is a kind of folk theater, similar to the Italian "commedia dell'arte", that is, improvisational performances with the participation of masked actors. It became widespread in most Western European countries with the development and growing popularity of the mysteries (1416 centuries). The main pathetic and solemn action began with comedic inserts. Actually, it was then that the term farce arose from the word "minced meat, stuffing." The farce gradually developed into a separate genre of theater, a truly popular, democratic one. The farce is characterized by rough humor, buffoonery, improvisation, the emphasis is not on the individual, but on the typical features of the characters. Farcical motifs are clearly visible in literary creativity playwrights of the Renaissance and the 17th century (Shakespeare, Moliere, Cervantes, etc.).
   Secondly, since the 19th century. the term farce is used as a title separate genre dramaturgy and theatrical performances, preserving the main features of the medieval farce: lightness and unpretentiousness of the plot, buffoonish humor, unambiguous characters, external comic tricks. It often serves as a synonym for vaudeville, stage anecdote, sitcom, theatrical and circus clowning, etc. Jokes in one act by A.P. Chekhov "Proposal", "Bear", "Jubilee" carry the features of farce.

   On household level the word farce is used in figurative meaning to determine a rude joke, an outrageous antics.

Medieval comic theatrical genre- comedy. Farce is the strange child of two incompatible parents. If comedy is his mother, then the father who gave him his name was the church text, in which the farce was called inserts (translation - "stuffing") - Epistola cum farsa or Epistola farsita, however, there were many of them in hymns and even just in prayers. If we continue the comparison, considering that here the tragedy, so beloved by the ancient Roman population, is not too far away. The farce in this case consisted in the fact that in the arena the poor tragedians were devoured by predatory animals to the cheerful cries of the audience. It is not in vain that the saying is recalled that any action can only be a tragedy for the first time, repeated twice is already a farce. This is no longer convincing. So what is a farce?

So the term stuck with a little dramatic interlude in the 12th century. Farce - this is the problems of the family, and the relationship of the servant and the owner, and chicanery, and the adventures of soldiers and students, any laborers and merchants, as well as judges and officials.

The figurative rows are full of comic situations, achieved by rather cheap means - with the help of brawls and squabbles. The development of the plot involves jumping from one scene to another, there is no unity. The characters are not deeply revealed, the characters are mostly puns and witticisms. Topics are varied and borrowed most often from the surrounding everyday life. The staging facilities are the most primitive, since there is no preparation for the performances. By the end of the 15th century, the number of farces increased, and the genre flourished.

Farce is the heyday of French theater

The French theater, for all its infancy, already acquired some purely farcical features by the 12th century. Building on witty plot moves. Characters - the predecessor of Harlequin (Herlequin), alchemist, monk. The trilogy about Potilene, a solicitor, a trickster and a swindler, becomes especially famous. Author unknown. Villon, and de la Salle, and Blanche are also suspected. Edifying and political farces were composed by Queen Margo (of Navarre, the same one). Much later, farce constantly shone through in the comedies of the famous Moliere. For example, or "Tricks of Scapen". The critical time for the development of the theater is the 17th century. The farce leaves the French scene. In its place, a full-fledged literary comedy triumphantly takes its place.

Farce is the father Italian comedy

The farce, in itself not a very independent dramatic act, had a huge impact on the whole world. Including Italy became a real home for farce, but in the end it received a talented child - commedia dell'arte, with immortal masks of Columbine, Pantaloon, Doctor and Harlequin.

farce is main genre on the stage of medieval Europe

Literature of other European countries has left us examples of this genre as a legacy. In Germany there were carnival games, scourging human weaknesses. In the 12th-15th centuries, the meistersingers (German poets-singers), especially those of Nuremberg, most often succeeded in composing farces. Like knights proud of their lineage, the Meistersingers were true professionals and respected the art of poetry as a craft. And in Spain, Cervantes worked. The most famous farces of his brilliant pen are "Two Talkers" and "The Theater of Miracles".

farce

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Vladimir Dal

farce

m. farces pl. French a joke, a funny prank, a funny prank of a joker. Farsi, break down, fool around, mimic, laugh, throw out jokes or tricks. Farsun, farsunya, who is farsi, throws out farces.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

farce

farce, m., and (obsolete) FARS, farces, f. (French farce).

theatrical play light, playful, often frivolous content (lit., Theatre.). Theater of comedy and farce.

trans., only units. Obscene, shameful, cynical spectacle (public). In most capitalist states, the so-called. "free" elections have turned into a pitiful farce.

A rude joke, a buffoon's trick (colloquial obsolete). He will make everyone laugh with his inflated speech, grimace, farce of the areal. Lermontov.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

farce

Theatrical play of light, playful content with external comic effects.

trans. Something hypocritical, cynical. Rough f.

adj. farcical, -th, -th (to 1 value).

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

farce

1. Theatrical play of light, playful, often frivolous content with extensive use of external comic effects.

   An actor's performance in which comic effect achieved only by external methods, and also external tricks, through which comedy is achieved.

trans. An obscene, shameful, cynical spectacle.

unfold A rude joke, a clown's trick.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

farce

FARS (French farce, from Latin farcio - I start: medieval mysteries "began" with comedic inserts)

a type of medieval Western European (mainly French) folk theater and literature of an everyday comedy-satirical nature (14-16 centuries). Close to the German fastnachtspiel, Italian comedy dell'arte, etc.

Theater in the 19th and 20th centuries comedy-vaudeville of light content with purely external comic devices.

farce

historical region in southern Iran. Before the Arab conquest (7th century) it was called Parsa, Persis. In the Middle Ages - the core of the states of the Buyids, Mozafferids, Zends, etc.

Farce

Farce- a comedy of light content with purely external comic techniques.

In the Middle Ages, a farce was also called a type of folk theater and literature, common in the 14th-16th centuries in Western European countries. Having matured within the mystery, the farce acquires its independence in the 15th century, and in the next century it becomes the dominant genre in theater and literature. Techniques of farcical buffoonery have been preserved in circus clowning.

The main element of the farce was not a conscious political satire, but a laid-back and carefree depiction of urban life with all its scandalous incidents, obscenity, rudeness and fun. In the French farce, the theme of the scandal between the spouses often varied.

In modern Russian, a farce is usually called profanity, an imitation of a process, such as a trial.

Fars (stop)

Farce (- Fars, or پارس - Pars), Pars- one of the 31 provinces (ostanas) of Iran, as well as a historical region. It is located in the south of the country, near the Persian Gulf. Area - 122,608 km², population - 4,596,658 people (2011). The administrative center is the city of Shiraz.

The province of Fars is the historical homeland of the Persians and the Persian language, as well as the cradle of Iranian statehood. Latinized name Persia comes from the ancient Persian name for this area - Parsa or Parsuash.

Farce (disambiguation)

Farce- a multi-valued concept:

• Farce is a light comedy.
  • Genre of medieval drama - see Farce in the Middle Ages.
• Fars is a stop and historical region in Iran.
• Fars - a river in Adygea and Krasnodar Territory.

• "Farce" - painting (1988) folk artist Russian Valery Balabanova (1939-2009).

Fars (river)

Farce- a river in Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory, the left tributary of the Laba (Kuban basin).

Length - 197 km, catchment area - 1450 km². Total drop - 910 m, slope - 4.61 m / km. According to the state water register of Russia, it belongs to the Kuban basin district, the water management section of the river - Laba from the confluence of the Chamlyk River to the mouth, there is no river sub-basin of the river - there is no sub-basin.

Large villages are located on the river: Novosvobodnaya, Makhoshevskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Dondukovskaya, as well as the large village of Khakurinokhabl.

The river has many tributaries. The largest of them: Psephyr, Seraglio.

In the upper reaches of Fars, the remains of the "Turkish rampart" are visible, the place where the line of defense of the Circassians was during the period Caucasian war. Here is the famous bear hazel grove. In the Fars Valley there is a famous in history Bogatyrskaya glade, which had over 400 dolmens.

Examples of the use of the word farce in the literature.

Farce, which Tumas and Birgitta Karolina are playing on a tiny toy projector, I myself had in my childhood.

Soon Bhutto was arrested on what was clearly a fabricated charge of complicity in political assassination and after a long trial farce hanged.

The hero's father is familiar from Aristophanes, from Atellani and folk farce an old man, grumbling stingy, often amorous himself.

Shrugging his shoulders and smiling awkwardly, he held out his hands as if to say: so what if solar system disintegrates that we are in an unusual gravitational field, on an unusual ship, in the middle of a cosmic void, that I am now in the middle of some kind of boudoir farce.

Hella Vuolijoki, at first distrustful of Brecht's revision, after reading the play translated into Finnish, admitted that her character had become a genuine national type and what a comedy out farce turned into a deeply meaningful social play.

From afar his torments seem farce- the jumps from wisdom to stupidity and the use of the fruits of the mind to play on the stomach, like on a drum, run around on a hundred legs or line the walls with the brain, are painfully ridiculous.

Hilda turned to Zeb and calmly asked, “First pilot, was my election farce?

For the first time, citizen Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich for trying to tell the truth, similar to farce, mortal combat was beaten by the lads.

And is it not a table, is it not a kind of throne and ciborium - the wooden stage of the Italian farce, covered with a canopy, with steps at the bottom?

The audience roared wildly, responding, however, not so much to the essence farce, no matter what she was, how many riotous, amazingly disorderly dances of communards, whose bare ankles and ankles were clearly distinguished under the frayed hemlines of their sweeping robes.

Terborch, Metsu, Stan and others - chose secular and elegant subjects for their paintings or portrayed frivolous fun, pranks, farces and festivities.

Playing with mannerist contrasts, Middleton introduced traits into tragedy. satirical comedy morals, in some places bordering on farce.

Between us, to say, I would never stage this play: some kind of trivial farce.

I wanted desperately to go home to Foldor's farm, where you could hide from the world, where you could do work where there were no wizards, long futile searches, nothing to remind you of Aunt Paul and the rude farce into which she turned his life.

About Karon, who reprinted rare old farces, facies, etc.

Farce

farce, farce, husband., And ( obsolete) farce, farces, female (French farce).

1. Theatrical play of light, playful, often frivolous content ( lit., theater.). Theater of comedy and farce.

2. trans., only units Obscene, shameful, cynical spectacle ( public). In most capitalist states so-called"free" elections have turned into a pitiful farce.

3. Rude joke, clown trick unfold obsolete). "He will make everyone laugh with his inflated speech, grimace, farce of the market place." Lermontov.

Medieval world in terms, names and titles

Farce

(from lat. farcio - start) - the most popular genre medieval drama. These are small comic plays of everyday content, similar in theme and ideological orientation fablio. F. arose, apparently, in the 13th century. and flourished on the eve of the Renaissance. This genre is typically mountains. literature; precisely mountains. life with its peculiar specificity filled it with plots, themes, images and created favorable conditions for the flourishing of f. Written for broad circles townspeople, reflected their interests and tastes (representatives of other classes, primarily nobles and peasants, are depicted in f. not very often). F. operates not with individual characters, but with ready-made types - masks. Such are the rogue monk, the quack doctor, the stupid husband, the quarrelsome and unfaithful wife, and so on. In f. the greed of wealthy citizens is exposed, indulgences are ridiculed, the depravity of monks is exposed, feuds, wars, etc. are branded. Most famous received fr. farces of the 15th century: "Lokhan", "Lawyer Patelen", etc. Genre f. had a great influence on the development of Western Europe. theater, especially the comedy by Moliere and it. commedia dell'arte, etc.

Lit.: Michalchi D. Farces about lawyer Patelene // Three farces about lawyer Patelene. M., 1951; Medieval French Farces. M., 1981.

Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus

Farce

a river in the Republic of Adygea, a left tributary of the Laba; originates from the Gavrysheva cave (northern slopes of the Galkina slope (1121 m)), flows into the Laba in the area of ​​\u200b\u200band. Pshizov. In more early time The farce was known as Sosurukai (name Nart hero), also called the Makhosheevskaya village - the center of the entire Makhosheevskaya tribe. In the Adyghe language there are the words iferzag, kiferzag - “rolled in”, “flew in”. According to another version, the hydronym has an Iranian basis, where the farce is translated as "side"; there is a river with the same name in Iran. IN Arabic Farz means obligatory religious instruction, duty.

Culturology. Dictionary-reference

Farce

(fr. farce)

1) type of medieval Western European theater and literature of everyday comedy-satirical nature (XIV - XVI centuries);

2) V theater XIX- XX centuries. - a comedy-vaudeville of light content with purely external comic tricks.

Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language

Farce

tragedy

Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

Farce

1) (French farce) - one of the forms of the comic, manifested in clownish antics, rude jokes.

Rb: Aesthetic categories in literature

Genus: Comic

Genre: parody, farce 2

Ass: buffoonery, hyperbole, grotesque

* "The methods of farce were widely used by J.B. Molière, especially in comedies-ballets, W. Shakespeare (farcical influences were even reflected in his tragedies, for example, in the famous scene of gravediggers in Hamlet"), Russian playwrights V.V. Kapnist ( "Snake"), N.V. Gogol, A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin (comedy-joke "The Death of Tarelkin"), V.V. Mayakovsky and others." ( Concise Dictionary aesthetics). *

2) - light comedy content with purely external comic devices.

RB: Genres and Genres of Literature

Genus: comedy

est: farce 1

Ass: Buffoonery, Grotesque

* "Progressive role comedy in the development of human consciousness is immeasurable. Even the public farce, where the sly plebeian alternately thrashed a policeman, a merchant and a dandy with a stick, removed the blinkers from people's eyes that prevented them from seeing the nothingness of the strong, rich and noble "(S.S. Narovchatov).

"Full of genuine wit, amusing situations, containing many well-aimed folk phrases, farces have always attracted a democratic audience" (AF Golovenchenko). *

Dictionary of forgotten and difficult words of the 18th-19th centuries

Farce

, A , m.; FARS, s , and.

1. Theatrical play of light, playful content with external comic effects.

2. Something hypocritical, cynical and deceitful; joke, laugh.

* [Repetilov:] Here are farces to me, how often they were pets, What a idler I am, what a fool, what a superstition... // Griboyedov. Woe from Wit //; My dear, I hate people so as not to despise them, because otherwise life would be too disgusting a farce.. // Lermontov. Hero of our time //; Sometimes, in deeds, under buckshot, they would make everyone laugh with an inflated speech, A grimace, a farce of the areal, or a genuine witticism. // Lermontov. Tambov Treasurer // *

FARCICAL.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Farce

1. historical region in southern Iran. Before the Arab conquest (7th century) it was called Parsa, Persis. In the Middle Ages - the core of the states of the Buyids, Mozafferids, Zends, etc.
2. (French farce, from Latin farcio - I start: medieval mysteries "started" comedy inserts), .. 1) a type of medieval Western European (mainly French) folk theater and literature of an everyday comedy-satirical nature (14-16 centuries). Close to the German fastnachtspiel, the Italian commedia dell'arte, etc. 2) In the theater of the 19th-20th centuries. comedy-vaudeville of light content with purely external comic devices.

FARCE(French farce, from Latin farcio - filling, minced meat), the term has several meanings.

1. A type of folk theater that became widespread in most Western European countries in the 14th-16th centuries. Light entertaining scenes played out by masked actors acting within the framework of permanent characters originate from folk rituals and games. During the period of the formation of Christianity, this type of spectacle was preserved in the performances of wandering actors, called in different countries in different ways (histrions, buffoons, vagants, shpilmans, mimes, jugglers, franks, houglars, etc.). Such representations were severely persecuted by the church, and existed practically in an "underground" position. However, with the development and growing popularity of the mysteries (14th-16th centuries), comedic and everyday elements, sideshows, loosely connected with the main religious action, began to occupy an increasing place in them. Actually, it was then that the term “farce” arose - the main pathetic and solemn action “began” with comedic inserts. Thus began the revival of the folk theater. The farce gradually developed into a separate genre, and not only within the framework of a professional, but also an amateur theater - associations of citizens who were widely involved in comedic episodes of mysteries and carried out organizational work to conduct them (in France - brotherhoods and clownish societies, in the Netherlands - chambers of rhetors, in Germany - Meistersingers). Farce has become a truly popular, democratic genre of spectacular and theatrical art. So, in France in the 15th-16th centuries, along with mystery and morality, the farcical theater of soti (French sotie, from sot - stupid) became widespread, where all the characters acted in the guise of "fools", allegorically depicting social vices. Farcical scenes were no less widespread in mass holidays, especially - carnivals, anticipating the beginning of Lent. The farce is characterized by rough humor, buffoonery, improvisation, the emphasis is not on the individual, but on the typical features of the characters. The most famous French farces are: Lokhan, a cycle about lawyer Patlen, etc. The aesthetics of medieval farces had a serious impact on the development of European theater (in Italy - commedia dell'arte; in England - interludes; in Spain - pasos; in Germany - fastnachtspiel; etc.). Farcical motives are clearly visible in the literary work of the playwrights of the Renaissance (Shakespeare, Moliere, Cervantes, etc.).

2. Since the 19th century. the term farce is used as the name of a separate genre of dramaturgy and theatrical performances that retain the main features of the medieval farce: the lightness and unpretentiousness of the plot, buffoonish humor, the unambiguity of characters, and external comic devices. Often synonymous with vaudeville, stage anecdote, sitcom, theater and circus clownery, etc.

3. At the everyday level, the word "farce" is used to define a rude joke, a shocking trick.

Tatyana Shabalina