What is a gop stop article. Where did the expression "hop-stop" come from?

). The term is widely used in Russia and the countries of the former USSR (since the end of the 20th century).

Characteristic

IN social relations representatives of the subculture mainly come from the outskirts of industrial cities. Most gopniks came from dysfunctional, poor families. They are alien to such moral values ​​as honesty, devotion, respect, courtesy, diligence. They, as a rule, are cunning and mercantile, rogue, prone to meanness, betrayal, fawning, hypocrisy and dirty tricks. The image and behavior of a typical gopnik is a parody of the representatives of the criminal world of the 1990s in Russia and other CIS countries. Black leather jacket and sports suit were also adopted by teenagers from them. Gopniks were engaged in petty theft, extortion of money, robberies and beatings of random passers-by, especially at night.

They do not call themselves "gopniks" and usually describe themselves by self-names " normal boys”, “real boys”, “clear boys”, “correct boys”, “smooth boys”. The word "gopnik" in relation to themselves is considered humiliating. The gopniks oppose the so-called. "suckers", however, among the gopniks, there is no clear definition of "sucker". In this regard, the name "loh" is used by gopniks, depending on whether it is beneficial for the gopnik or not, and can even be applied to other gopniks. In addition, representatives of the stratum of gopniks are characterized by pronounced aggression against members of society who have a higher social status compared to gopniks, as well as against other representatives of society, whose worldview is focused on a progressive lifestyle, intelligence, etc. "Western values" (for example, against oriented Western culture"informals", "oppositionists").

The word became widespread in the late 1980s in relation to those representatives of the youth for whom the theft of property on the street was, as Saratov researcher Elena Bessonova notes, "part of the image, a means of entertainment and a way to maintain authority". According to the researcher, in the 1990s, “gopas” appeared, for whom everything characteristic of the life of their “ancestors”, to which the author refers to criminals, became "a kind of philosophy of life, worldview, a way to position yourself in society". However, Bessonova notes that, unlike criminals, “ for the modern gopa, for the most part, it is more important to try to scare and humiliate a person, try to test his power over him, and only then - to appropriate his money» . Proximity to the criminal world predetermined the use of thieves' jargon and profanity.

Unlike most informal associations young people (for example, hippies, punks, rockers), gopniks did not assign any names to the rest of the population and did not distinguish themselves into a group separate from the rest of the population, which means that they did not recognize themselves as a subculture.

Researcher Elena Bessonova notes that at the beginning of Perestroika, the gopniks were the only subcultures of the youth environment who were not fond of any music. Later, representatives of the subculture became prone to thieves' music, Russian chanson (Mikhail Krug, Butyrka group, Sergey Nagovitsyn). Also, many people prefer "pop" (pop music), "pump" (pumping house) and "Russian rap".

The vast majority of informal movements have a hostile attitude towards the gopniks, reaching the extreme antagonism. So, for example, in the early 2000s, among the informals, the word "Gopnik" was also used to refer to those people who were illegible in music, from which they had extremely superficial and rather vague musical tastes.

As the candidate of sociological sciences Ramil Khanipov points out, “The St. Petersburg City Center for the Prevention of Neglect and Drug Addiction of Minors designates gopniks as “informal associations” and includes them in the “aggressors” section. Internet forum discussions speak about the level of development of these informal associations as follows: “... from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok, gopniks are still the most common form of youth associations to this day,” and all the sources used emphasize the pronounced criminal and group nature of this subculture: “Mostly these are fights , robberies, assaults that are aimed at extracting money ..., alcohol and cigarettes "" .

Doctor of sociological sciences, director of the New Generation project of the Public Opinion Foundation, Larisa Pautova, in 2009 believed that "gopota" is at least 25 percent modern youth. The sociologist means by this word people who do not aspire to anything, without any moral values, who find themselves in the mass of their own kind.

The head of the Moscow branch of the LDPR, O. Lavrov, stated that the gopniks make up a certain part of the electoral base of his party:

Character traits

IN late XIX century, in the premises of the modern Oktyabrskaya Hotel, located on Ligovsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg, the State Prison Society (GOP) was organized, where homeless children and adolescents engaged in petty robbery and hooliganism were delivered. After the October Revolution of 1917, the State Hostel of the Proletariat was organized in this building for the same purposes. The number of juvenile delinquents in the area has increased several times. Among the residents of the city, the word "gopniks" appeared, which was used to call the residents of the GOP from Ligovka. The expression “the number of gopniks is measured in leagues” appeared, and among the inhabitants of Petrograd, then Leningrad, it was customary to ask ill-mannered people: “Do you live in Ligovka?” .

I would like to add that the origin of the word gopnik from GOP (either a state charity society, or a hostel of the proletariat) is more like Soviet myth, since the word itself existed long before 1863,

but not in Russian (there is no edition of this word in Dahl's dictionary of 1863 - the Russians did not know about such a word), but in Yiddish among the Jews. This word has been familiar to Jews at least since 1834, it was from this year that, in accordance with the "Regulations on the Jews", a complete establishment of surnames for Jews was carried out in Russian Empire. Since then, the name Gopnik among Jews is quite common, for example, in New York (Adam Gopnik), there is even a hero Soviet Union Haskel Gopnik, born in 1917, whose father's name was Moses Gopnik. The later acquisition of such a surname was extremely doubtful, because the surname before February Revolution it was impossible to change it at will (all the more so, it is unlikely that anyone would want one himself). Among Russians, such a surname does not occur.

1. aggressive teenager
2. primitive, uneducated young man
3. student of class "G" (in the jargon of schoolchildren)

Philologist E. N. Kalugina agrees with her, noting that the word "gopnik" can be called " primitive, uneducated young man » . Sociologist Albina Garifzyanova characterizes the gopniks as "uneducated people, culturally backward, absolutely intolerant". Russian sociologists V. I. Dobrenkov and A. I. Kravchenko noted that the word "gopnik" is derived from the word gop- the slang word for beggars, who have absorbed elements of criminal culture, and meant "stay in a rooming house".

A. A. Sidorov notes that the word "gopnik" is also used to refer to " beggars, vagrants, homeless people". According to Sidorov, this meaning arose even before the revolution of 1917, when in Russia there were "orders of public charity" - provincial committees, which were in charge of caring for the "poor, crippled, sick, orphans, etc." special care homes at the expense of zemstvo funds. In this sense, the word "gopnik" comes from the word GOP, which stands for "City Prison Society" (from the word prize- care, care). Due to the fact that the funds allocated to help the poor and the homeless were not enough, the inhabitants of the houses of the prize were engaged in vagrancy, begging, and petty theft. Therefore, the word "gopnik" soon began to be called "tramps, ragamuffins and beggars." This value remained after October revolution 1917. According to the publication "Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" ( Chief Editor S. A. Kuznetsov) gopnik - “ a person from the lower social classes; tramp» . Philologist T. F. Efremova, the word "gopnik" means " a downcast man, a vagabond» .

Concepts close in meaning: urla, hooligans, punks, yard gangs, lumpen. [ ]

The word "gopnik" has an analogue in English language: "chav" (eng. - chav) is a widely used pejorative slang word for a young person of low social status, who usually wears "branded" sportswear, which is also common among gopniks in the post-Soviet space.

In addition, there is a version that the word "gopniks" is taken from the samizdat cult fantasy story "Journey to Black Ukhur", which describes the "planet of gopniks" as the personification of world evil. The popularizer of this word at the end of the 20th century, Mike Naumenko, in one of In an interview, he said directly that he got this word from the work of A. Startsev and A. Dideykin. [ ]

Using the word as a political cliché

Since the end of the first decade of the XXI century in the media in speeches Russian journalists, writers, as well as opposition politicians, a new ideological cliché "jubilant gopota" began to sound. With the help of this epithet, they characterized the participants of various youth mass organizations that supported the political course of the authorities. It first appeared on January 29, 2008 in the Kommersant newspaper in an article about the Nashi movement.

On February 2, 2008, the writer and TV and radio host Viktor Shenderovich, in his author's radio program "Processed Cheese", ironically plays up a new epithet:

The phrase was actively used later by the media, politicians and bloggers, and if initially it was used only in a negative way in relation to the Nashi movement, then it began to be used more widely.

On September 19, 2009, in an article by columnist Pavel Svyatenkov, "jubilant gopota" refers to "a reactionary force standing in the way of a coup."

On October 10, 2009, an article appeared on a number of regional portals devoted to the conflict between the editors of the Kaliningrad information site and former leader local branch youth movement“Walking Together” and Konstantin Minich, a participant in the Seliger 2009 forum, which was titled “Control over Kaliningrad. Ru" is trying to get "jubilant gopota" ".

Reflection in popular culture

In movie

• The Boys is a 1983 film.
• "Terrible games of the young" - documentary 1987 about the gopniks of the city of Kazan.
• "Vocational school not from the main entrance" - a 1989 documentary film, also filmed in Kazan.
• "American" - a 1997 film.
• "My name is Arlekino" is a 1988 film.
• "Odyssey 1989" - 2003 film.
• Boomer. The second film "2006.
• "Guys of Steel" - Russian series 2004.
• "Racketeer" - a 2007 film.
• "Alien" - a 2010 film.
• The Real Boys is a 2010 Russian television series. This series evokes a large number of disputes as to whether it was filmed for gopniks or is a satire on their lives. The creators of the series took a neutral stance, stating that "real boys" are "real" because they "live according to real, not fictional, life scenarios."
• “Give youth! "- Russian sketch show (characters Bashka and Rusty).
• "Gop-stop" - a 2010 film.
• "Univer. New hostel "- a series of 2011 (characters Ivanych (Maxim Ivanov) and Kisel (Alexey Kiselyov)).
• "Winter Way" - a 2013 film.
• The Law of the Stone Jungle is a 2015 Russian crime television series.
• "Everything at once" - a film in 2014.
• "Boys with Dybenko" is a 2016 series in which real showdowns take place in one of the districts of St. Petersburg called Dybenko. The series was filmed by Nikita Gridin (Kuzma)
• A documentary film from the series “The investigation was conducted ...” entitled “Death Wish”, dedicated to a fighter who killed hooligans and gopniks.
• "How Vitka Chesnok drove Lyokha Shtyr to the nursing home" - a 2017 film. Main character Vitka is a representative of gop culture.
• "Gopnik Dimchik: Few Ammo, Many Troubles" is a 2017 Eiswolf web movie. The main character, Dmitry "Dimchik" Dimchenko and his best friend"Scrap", are gopniks.
• "Attraction", a Russian film featuring a gang of gopniks.

In literature

• "Gopniks" - a book (a story and 6 stories) Belarusian writer Vladimir Kozlov.

In music

Gopnik dedicated to a lot musical works. One of the first mentions of gopniks is noted in Leonid Utyosov's song "Gop with a closure" from his repertoire of 1929-1933.

The song "Gopniks" by Mike Naumenko and the Zoo group () became widely known. One of the verses of the song describes the behavior of the gopniks:

Among the songs that tell about gopniks:

"Gopota" - name musical group from Saint-Petersburg.

Foreign analogues

• Chav ( chav) - In Great Britain
• Dresyary ( dresierze) - in Poland
• Urlas ( urlas) - in Latvia
• Azzi (short for antisocial) - in Germany
• Knackers - in Ireland
• Bogans - in Australia
• Cani - in Spain
• Nyero - in Colombia
• Rakai - in France
• Yankees - in Japan
• Arsy - in Israel

see also

Notes

1. , Gopota, -s, f., collected. Aggressive adolescents, p. 55.
2. , Gopnik, -a, m. 1. more often pl. Aggressive teenager. 2. Primitive, uneducated young man. 3. School Student of class "G", p. 55.
3. , With. 114.
4. Elena Bessonova. Don't say "gop" until you jump over it... // www.rasklad.ru
5. Pavel Kanygin. Gopnik Archived November 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine // Novaya Gazeta, No. 33, May 12, 2008
6. Khanipov R. A."Gopniks" - the meaning of the concept, and elements of the representation of the "Gopniks" subculture in Russia Archived December 5, 2008 on the Wayback Machine
7. Modern Youth // Moscow Speaks, October 16, 2009
8. Mark Ames and Yasha Levin. In search of gopniks: Exile arranges a safari in Russia // The Exile, translated by InoPressa.ru, June 07, 2007
9. Daria Zolotukhina. New life comic // Russian reporter, No. 43 (171), November 4, 2010
10. , With. 88.
11. Tell me about the meaning or meanings of the word gopnik. Thank you.
    Answer
    The word gopnik (slang) - "swindler, raider"; "pogromist, hooligan", according to one version, the word comes from the old abbreviation GOP - "city charity society". Wed also the word gop-stop and its meanings: 1) "robbery", as well as "raid, armed robbery"; 2) "robber". - Gopnik Archived October 9, 2009 at

GOP stop 1.

robbery.

Criminal jargon

Street assault with the intent to steal property, with the use of violence or under the threat of violence.

And we warm the eared sucker at the gop-stop.

Criminal jargon

Robbery in the street. Not a single self-respecting thug until 1917 humiliated himself to undress people. This was once hunted only by gopniks, hence the name. Nowadays, this type of robbery, as a rule, is also carried out not by people who have deliberately become “under the law”, but by juvenile lovers of easy money, who do not at all dream of becoming professionals, judging by their further sincere confessions caused by deep repentance in the offices of investigators.

1. The golden bimba was presented to the king by Monka Golova, who took some fat loon for a gop-stop.

2. Three people stop a lone passerby late in the evening.

- Life or wallet?

“Give me your wallet, fuck your lives.”

P.S. For reference. After this dialogue, which took place on one of the streets of Odessa, once catchphrase"Life or wallet" has disappeared from the lexicon of robbers forever.

Odessa jargon

Dictionary of modern vocabulary, jargon and slang. 2014 .

See what "gop-stop" is in other dictionaries:

GOP stop- Gop stop is a slang name for a street attack (robbery) with the aim of stealing the property of the victim, committed with the use of violence, or with the threat of violence. Depending on whether the violence used by the perpetrator is dangerous ... Wikipedia

GOP STOP, gop stop, m. Robbery, theft. Take on the gop stop someone to rob, rob. From the corner in the same sign; Wed: gopota gopnik ... Dictionary of Russian Argo

GOP stop- theft, robbery Dictionary of Russian synonyms. gop stop n., number of synonyms: 2 theft (19) robbed ... Synonym dictionary

GOP STOP- Take / take on the gop stop someone, what. Jarg. corner. Rob someone. SVYA, 15; Baldaev 1, 45; TSUZH, 31; Rossi 1, 84. Exit to the gop stop. Jarg. corner. Prepare for the robbery by waiting for the victim in a certain place. HOA, 36. /i> Gop stop robbery ...

GOP STOP- Robbery in the street. Not a single self-respecting thug until 1917 humiliated himself to undress people. This was once hunted only by gopniks, hence the name. These days, this type of robbery is usually also done by non-humans, ... ... Large semi-explained dictionary of the Odessa language

GOP stop- vig., slang., zast. Those same, scho gop 3) ... Ukrainian glossy dictionary

GOP stop- corner. street robbery... Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary by I. Mostitsky

GOP stop- robbery, armed raid ... Thieves' jargon

Gop Stop (film)- Gop stop ... Wikipedia

Exit to the gop stop- Zharg. corner. Prepare for the robbery by waiting for the victim in a certain place. HOA, 36. /i> Gop stop robbery ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings

Books

• GOP stop. Do not believe, do not be afraid, do not ask ... Book 1. Do not believe! , V. V. Ugryumov. "Do not believe, do not be afraid, do not ask" - the old convict wisdom, according to which the world of crime lives. Nikolai Volkov paid his debt to the Master and will be guided by this principle in freedom. Not believing...

The history of the origin of the concept of "gop-stop" causes a lot of controversy, but most people associate with it at lightning speed: street twilight, the company of tipsy punks and the crown request to light it up. However, she has many options: from “let me call” to “borrow two rubles.” The request is usually followed by demands for money, wallet, phone or other valuables. If a person does not agree, then fists, beats, and sometimes edged weapons are used. Sometimes outcasts, without prior conversations, strike, take money and disappear. The association is absolutely correct. Gop-stop is a robbery, theft, an armed attack with the aim of stealing someone else's property, often accompanied by causing the victim physical harm. There are several versions of the origin of this concept. Let's take a short digression into history and trace its etymology.

Prerequisites for the emergence

One version of the emergence of the concept of "gop-stop" encourages us to go to Petrograd at the end of the 19th century. It was there, at the intersection of Nevsky Prospekt and Ligovskaya Street, that a shelter appeared, which was popularly called GOP. Few now know what this means. The abbreviation stands for "City Prison Society". Beggars, vagrants, cripples, and teenagers were sent there. Many of them were already engaged in marginal activities of various kinds. The state did not have enough money for the full maintenance of the shelter. Over time, it turned into a simple rooming house, and attacks on people and robbery finally became the norm. Criminal activity in the area of ​​Ligovskaya Street, due to the large accumulation of a criminal element in the shelter, has increased many times over. Its inhabitants were already called gopniks then. But the word has not yet become widespread. These events, perhaps, later became a prerequisite for the emergence of the concept of "gop-stop".

Origin story

After the October Revolution of 1917, the shelter was transformed into the "State Hostel of the Proletariat". However, the internal political situation in the country is a coup d'état and Civil War- made this building a much more dangerous place than before. The rate of juvenile delinquency has increased. The criminal apparatus as a whole became more active. The city was filled with visitors. Many of them, as well as outcasts and lumpen, settled in the GOP. It was then that Ligovka gained notoriety. Crime and prostitution flourished there. It was dangerous for more or less wealthy people to appear in this area: they could not only be robbed, but also killed. At that time, the word "gopnik" became widespread. It acquired a sharply negative connotation and became associated with people from the bottom, vagrants who rob the civilian population. Simultaneously with this word, the concept of "gop-stop" appeared. It was perceived by society as a "street robbery", a surprise attack followed by the theft of money. Based on the foregoing, it can be assumed that the words "gopnik" and "gop-stop" are related.

Etymology

Although this version the emergence of the concept of "gop-stop" seems quite convincing, it is not supported by everyone. There is another assumption regarding the origin of this jargon. It is connected primarily with the word "gop" and its original meaning. V. Dal interpreted it as a "leap" or "blow". And in the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov it is indicated that “gop” is an encouraging exclamation when jumping. According to the thieves' jargon, "gop-stop" is a lightning attack with the aim of stealing a person. Indeed, street punks used to jump on people, disorientate them, in order to rob them later. At the same time, one could often hear the cry: “Gop-stop!” The first part of the word meant an attack, the second - a demand to stop. In support of such an interpretation of jargon, one can point out the expression “gop with a close” that is related to it in a certain sense. It appeared much earlier and had the meaning of "attack, rob and disappear." The term "gop-stop" is also associated with the verb "gopat". What does this mean? The word is interpreted by the authors of dictionaries as follows: “jump”, “jump”, as well as “loite about, wander without a goal”, “spend the night on the street”. Such a connection can confirm both variants of the origin of the concept of "gop-stop".

Further history

Each version has the right to exist. Interestingly, they are not mutually exclusive, but rather can be seen as complementary. A lot of time has passed since the emergence of the concept of "gop-stop". And the border between the versions is almost erased. The very word "gop-stop" never completely disappeared from the urban environment, although the number of gopniks either decreased or increased. This is due primarily to the socio-economic conditions in the country. The lower the standard of living, the more gopniks. Along with the 20s, the heyday of the subculture is considered the 40s and 90s. During these years, the concept of “gop-stop” also became relevant. Its meaning remained unchanged. The word came into mass use thanks to the press and all famous song A. Rosenbaum "Gop-stop, we came around the corner", published in the 70s. There is also a point of view that thanks to the mentioned work, the concept leaked from the thieves' environment into the world of mere mortals.

Use

Now the exclamation "Gop-stop!" almost never heard. It is rarely used, and then in order to attract attention. However, theft on the street is still called nothing more than "gop-stop." This word is part of some phraseological expressions. “Go to a gop stop” means “find a victim and rob”, and “take a gop stop” means “rob”. From this lexical unit, new verbs and nouns are formed. So, a thief can be called not only a gopnik, but also a gopnik, and his actions can be characterized by the verb “goptopnut”.

Who goes to the gop-stop?

People who gop-stop are considered to have their own bright distinctive features. They wear branded sportswear, often cut to zero.

“Gop-stop, we came up from around the corner…”

Here is the first version: At the end of the 19th century in St. Petersburg, on the corner of Ligovskaya Street and Nevsky Prospekt (the current Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Ligovsky Prospekt, 10), the City Charity Society was opened, in other words, a shelter for the poor, the homeless and orphans (“prizor "- care, care). As a rule, homeless children were also brought there, who hunted for petty thefts at the nearby Nikolaevsky (now Moscow) railway station.

In the same building after the revolution, the City Hostel of the Proletariat was located, where, as usual, peasants and lumpen settled, who poured into Petrograd from all over Russia after the fall of the tsarist regime. Quite quickly, the hostel of the proletariat was turned by its inhabitants into a gangster club, within which thieves' laws reigned. Thanks to the GOP, crime in the already criminogenic Ligovka increased several times, and the inhabitants of the GOP themselves began to be called Gopniks by the inhabitants of Petrograd. There was even a saying on this topic: “the number of gopniks is measured in leagues.”

There is also a more likely assumption that the word "gopnik" appeared before the revolution and not necessarily in Petrograd, since charity societies (houses) were located throughout the country, and the contingent that lived in such shelters was approximately the same everywhere. So, the well-known researcher of thieves' jargon Fima Zhiganets in his work "Pearls of tramp speech" says:
Back in the late 1920s, the tramp brethren called the bunkhouses the "old-fashioned" word "gop", and their inhabitants - "gopniks" or "gopa". In the "Republic of ShKID" by L. Panteleev and G. Belykh, a young teacher, wanting to threaten the excessively dispersed pupils, shouts menacingly at them:
- You're just teasing me. I tell you ... Gopa Kanavskaya!

And talking about the wanderings of one of the boys, the authors write:

Korolev all summer "gopnichat", traveled on railways with soldier trains heading to the front.

Do not forget about the concept of "gop-stop", which is unlikely to owe its origin to urban charity societies. "Gop-stop" in thieves' jargon means lightning-fast street robbery, often with the use of violence, when the victim is "taken at a fright" ("go to the gop-stop", "take to the gop-stop") - a favorite trick of the punks of the 20s as well as the 40s and 90s.

It was because of the lightning speed that this type of street robbery in the old days was called “gop with a closure”: according to Dahl’s dictionary, the word “gop” expresses a jump, jump or blow ..., gop, jump or hit. (Proverb: Don't say "gop" until you jump over). “Smyk”, according to Dahl, is a synonym for the word “sniff”, formed from the verb “smiknut” (“sniff”). Hence, the “gop with a closure” is an instant robbery with a swoop (hit) in order to intimidate, stun the victim, and with the same instant disappearance. “Gop-stop” is, in fact, an imperative, a demand to stop addressed to the victim, and street robbers are still sometimes called “gopstopniks”.

What is Gop-so-smoky? This is how violinists used to be called in Odessa. A bow is a bow. But it was also the nickname of a well-known burglar thief, who, under the guise of a musician, went to rich weddings, and when the guests got so drunk that they no longer cared for music, he calmly cleaned the house or apartment.

Brilliant version! The word "bow" really means "bow". However, the merry “urkagans” did not mean him at all ...
In fact, the expression "gop with a lock" is associated with the criminal "specialty" of urkagans - the so-called "gop-stop". “Gop-stop” is a street robbery “to fright”, when a tramp suddenly flies on the victim, stunning her, robs her (often with violence) - and just as suddenly disappears. This technique was called in the old days "gop with a closure." The word "gop", according to " explanatory dictionary"Vladimir Dahl," expresses a jump, jump or blow ..., gop, jump or hit. And "smyk" in this combination with "gop" does not mean a bow at all, but - according to the same Dahl - is a synonym for the word "sniff" and is formed from the verb "smiknut" ("sniff").
That is, “gop with a closure” is an instant attack with a blow and the quick disappearance of the attacker. And the replica “gop-stop” was addressed directly to the victim and meant a demand to stop. Approximately in the same sense, it is often used now: in order to draw attention to oneself. For example - "Gop-stop, Dima, do not pass by!".

We read in the dictionary of criminal terms.