The village of Petrishchevo, Ruzsky District, Moscow Region, is the site of the feat of the partisan Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The first woman to be awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union(posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became a symbol of the heroism of Soviet citizens in the Great Patriotic War, the Russian Joan of Arc.
In the village of Petrishchevo there is:
- Memorial Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya,
- monument to Zoya, author - L. Tverdyanskaya
- the hut where Zoya was tortured
- monument at the hut
- obelisk at the place of execution
- place of first burial
The monument to Zoya by Tverdyanskaya stood until 1956, and this one was transported to the village of Petrishchevo, 5 kilometers from the highway, to the site of Zoya's feat. The ashes of the girl were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow in 1942.
The museum has a lot of clothing and photo materials, as well as documentary information about wartime and exploits during the war.
"Citizens! Don't stand, don't look. We must help the Red Army fight, and our comrades will take revenge on the German fascists for my death. The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated."
"German soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender. No matter how much you hang us, but you don’t outweigh everyone, there are 170 million of us.”
“I’m not afraid to die, comrades! It is happiness to die for your people!
In memory of the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, monuments were erected in many Soviet cities, streets were named after her, films were made, paintings and literary works were written.
Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - 5 km from the station. Dorohovo, Smolensk direction, is the village of Petrishchevo, where she made her heroic deed Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. On November 17, 1941, the partisan detachment, in whose ranks Zoya was, crossed the front line near the village of Obukhovo. He was given the task of orienting our army by fires to the location of large parts of the Nazis. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya and the detachment commander Boris Krainev entered Petrishchevo. Krainev set fire to the house where the German soldiers were stationed, and Zoya was supposed to set fire to the stable ... Zoya did not return from the mission ...
All those who have ever studied history must have come across a historically significant place - the village of Petrishchevo. It is this place that is the place where the famous Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya performed the feat.
IN currently in the village of Petrishchevo there is a museum named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Museum staff will tell everyone who comes real story that happened to her during the war years. The museum in Petrishchevo began to function in 1956. Museum. Z. Kosmodemyanskoy has a lot of clothing and photo materials, as well as documentary information about wartime and the exploits of the war.
In the village of Petrishchevo there are several monuments, among which there is a monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Kulik's house is also marked with a special sign. It was in it that Zoya spent her last night. At this place, Z. Kosmodemyanskaya was executed.
The place of her first burial in the village is marked memorial sign. Subsequently, the burial place of the partisan was moved. The village of Petrishchevo is located 40 km from the Moscow Ring Road. Already in the seventeenth century, this place was very famous. Initially, in the interfluve of Dubenka and Vori, there were two villages, which were called Petrishchevo.
Tour program:
- Departure from the place you specified. Travel information.
- Excursion in the museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
- Free time.
- Departure to Moscow.
- Arrival at the place you specified.
Included in cost: Transport services, guide accompaniment, tour guide, entry tickets by program. Additionally, you can order lunch.
Excursion cost
Accompanying - free of charge.
Name: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
Age: 18 years
Activity: scout, Hero of the Soviet Union
Family status: was not married
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya: biography
On January 27, 1942, the Pravda newspaper published an article by Petr Lidov “Tanya”. The essay told about the heroic death of a young Komsomol member, a partisan, who called herself Tanya during torture. The girl was captured by the Germans and hanged in the square in the village of Petrishchev, in the Moscow region. Later it was possible to establish the name: it turned out to be the Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The girl called herself Tanya in memory of the idol, the hero civil war Tatyana Solomakh.
Hero of the Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya More than one generation of Soviet youth grew up on the example of courage, selflessness and heroism of young people, such as Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who gave their lives in the fight against fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War. The guys knew that, most likely, they would die. They do not need glory - they saved the Motherland. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became the first woman to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War.
Childhood
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was born on September 13, 1923 in the village of Osinov Gai, Gavrilovsky District, Tambov Region. Mom Lyubov Timofeevna (nee Churikova) and father Anatoly Petrovich worked school teachers.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (second from right) with her parents and brother Father Lyubov studied at the Theological Seminary for some time. He grew up in the family of the priest Peter Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, who served in the church in the village of Osinov Gai. In the summer of 1918, for helping the counter-revolutionaries, the priest was seized and tortured to death by the Bolsheviks. The body was found only six months later. The priest is buried near the walls of the Church of the Sign, in which he conducted services.
Zoya's family lived in the village until 1929, and then, fleeing from a denunciation, they moved to Siberia, to the village of Shitkino, Irkutsk Region. The family lived there for a little over a year. In 1930, her older sister Olga, who worked at the People's Commissariat of Education, helped the Kosmodemyanskys move to Moscow. In Moscow, the family lived on the outskirts, near the Podmoskovnaya station, in the Timiryazevsky Park area. Since 1933, after the death of her father (the girl's father died after an operation on the intestines), Zoya and her younger brother Sasha remained three of them with their mother.
Zoya and Sasha Kosmodemyansky Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya graduated from the 9th grade of the 201st school (now gymnasium No. 201 named after Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky) in Moscow. Studied "excellent"; loved history and literature, dreamed of entering Literary Institute. Due to the direct nature, it was hard to find mutual language with peers.
Since 1939, according to her mother, Zoya suffered nervous disease. At the end of 1940, Zoya fell ill with acute meningitis. In the winter of 1941, after a difficult recovery, she went to Sokolniki to recuperate, to a sanatorium for people suffering from nervous diseases. There she met and became friends with the writer.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in a sanatorium in Sokolniki The war prevented Zoya's plans for the future, as well as her peers, from coming true. On October 31, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, along with 2,000 volunteers from the Komsomol, came to the recruiting station located in the Coliseum cinema, from where she went to pre-combat training in a sabotage school. The set was made from yesterday's schoolchildren. Preference was given to athletes: nimble, strong, hardy, capable of withstanding heavy loads (these were also called "people with increased cross-country ability").
Upon entering the school, recruits were warned that up to 5% survived in sabotage work. Most of the partisans die after being captured by the Germans while carrying out shuttle raids behind enemy lines.
After training, Zoya became a member of the reconnaissance and sabotage unit of the Western Front and was abandoned behind enemy lines. Zoya's first combat mission was completed with success. She, as part of a subversive group, mined a road near Volokolamsk.
The feat of Kosmodemyanskaya
Kosmodemyanskaya received a new combat mission, in which, in a short time, the partisans were ordered to burn the villages of Anashkino, Gribtsovo, Petrishchevo, Usadkovo, Ilyatino, Grachevo, Pushkino, Mikhailovskoye, Bugailovo, Korovin. To undermine the fighters were given several Molotov cocktails. Such tasks were given to the partisans in accordance with the order of the Supreme Commander No. 0428. It was a “scorched earth” policy: the enemy was actively attacking on all fronts, and in order to slow down the advance, vital objects were destroyed along the way.
The village of Petrishchevo, where Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died According to many, these were very cruel and unreasonable actions, but this was required in the realities of that terrible war- The Germans were rapidly approaching Moscow. On November 21, 1941, on the day the reconnaissance saboteurs entered the mission, the troops western front fought heavy battles in the Stalinogorsk direction, in the region of Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk, Tikhoretsk.
To complete the task, two groups of 10 people were allocated: the group of B. S. Krainov (19 years old) and P. S. Provorov (18 years old), which included Kosmodemyanskaya. Near the village of Golovkovo, both groups were ambushed, having suffered losses: some of the saboteurs were killed, and some partisans were taken prisoner. The remaining fighters united and, under the command of Krainov, continued the operation.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was captured near this barn. On the night of November 27, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, together with Boris Krainov and Vasily Klubkov, set fire to three houses in Petrishchev (this village acted as a transport interchange for the Germans), in which the communications center was located, and the Germans lodged before being sent to the front. And also destroyed 20 horses intended for transportation.
For the further fulfillment of the task, the partisans gathered in the agreed place, but Krainov did not wait for his own and returned to the camp. Klubkov was captured by the Germans. Zoya decided to continue the task alone.
Captivity and torture
On November 28, after dark, the young partisan tried to set fire to the shed of the headman Sviridov, who was giving the Nazis an overnight stay, but was noticed. Sviridov raised the alarm. The rushing Germans arrested the girl. During the detention, Zoya did not shoot. Before the task, she gave the weapon to her friend, Claudia Miloradova, who was the first to leave for the task. Claudia's pistol was defective, so Zoya gave away a more reliable weapon.
From the testimony of residents of the village of Petrishchevo, Vasily and Praskovya Kulik, to whose house Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was brought, it is known that the interrogation was conducted by three German officers with an interpreter. She was stripped and flogged with belts, she was taken naked in the cold. According to witnesses, the Germans failed to extract information about the partisans from the girl, even through inhuman torture. The only thing she said was Tanya's name.
Witnesses testified that local residents A.V. Smirnova and F.V. Solina, whose houses were damaged by arson by partisans, also participated in the torture. Later they were sentenced to death under Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR for collaborating with the Nazis during the war.
execution
On the morning of November 29, 1941, Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, beaten and with frostbitten legs, was taken outside. There the Germans had already prepared the gallows. A sign was hung on the girl’s chest, on which it was written in Russian and German: “The arsonist of houses.” Many Germans and locals gathered to watch the spectacle. The Nazis took pictures. At that moment, the girl called out:
"Citizens! Don't stand, don't look. We must help the Red Army fight, and our comrades will take revenge on the German fascists for my death. The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated."
Incredible courage - to stand on the edge of the grave and, without thinking about death, appeal to selflessness. At that moment, when Zoya was put on a noose around her neck, she shouted the words that have become legendary:
“No matter how much you hang us, you don’t hang everyone, there are 170 million of us. But our comrades will avenge you for me.”
Zoya didn't have time to say anything more.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was hanged The hanged Komsomol member was not removed from the gallows for another month. The fascists, passing through the village, continued to mock the tormented body. On New Year's Eve 1942, Zoya's body, cut with knives, naked, with a cut off chest, was removed from the gallows and allowed to be buried by the villagers. Later, when the Soviet land was cleared of the Nazis, the ashes of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya were reburied at Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Confession
Young Komsomol member - a symbol of the era, an example of heroism Soviet people shown in the fight against fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War.
However, information about the partisan movement of that time was classified for decades. This is due to military orders and methods of execution, in the simple opinion of the layman, too cruel. And understatement leads to all sorts of conjectures, and even simply - to the insinuations of "critics of history."
So, articles about Kosmodemyanskaya's schizophrenia appear in the press - supposedly, another girl performed the feat. However, the fact is irrefutable that the commission, consisting of representatives of Red Army officers, representatives of the Komsomol, a member of the Revolutionary Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, witnesses from the village council and village residents, during identification confirmed that the corpse of the shot girl belongs to the Muscovite Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which is noted in the act dated February 4, 1942. Today there is no doubt about it.
Tank with the inscription "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" The comrades of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya also died as heroes: Tamara Makhinko (crashed during landing), sisters Nina and Zoya Suvorovs (died in battle near Sukhinichy), Masha Golovotyukova (a grenade exploded in her hands). died heroically and younger brother Zoe - Sasha. Alexander Kosmodemyansky at the age of 17 went to the front, having learned about the heroic death of his sister. The tank with the inscription on the side "For Zoya" went through many battles. Alexander heroically fought almost until the very end of the war. Died in battle for strong point in the town of Firbrudenkrug, near Königsberg. Awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Memory
The image of the heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was widely used in monumental art. Museums, monuments, busts - reminders of the courage and dedication of a young girl are still in sight.
Streets in the post-Soviet space are named in memory of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Ukraine.
Other objects are also named after the partisan saboteur: pioneer camps named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, schools and others educational institutions, a library, an asteroid, an electric locomotive, a tank regiment, a ship, a village, a peak in the Zailiysky Alatau and a BT-5 tank.
The execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is also displayed in works of art. Most recognizable works belong to the artist Dmitry Mochalsky and creative team"Kukryniksy".
Poems were composed in honor of Zoya, and. In 1943 Stalin Prize awarded to Margarita Aliger, who dedicated the poem "Zoya" to Kosmodemyanskaya. tragic fate girls touched and foreign authors- Turkish poet Nazim Hikmet and Chinese poet Ai Qing.
IN Soviet time Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was on the list of the most heroic heroes countries. During the years of Perestroika, they tried to denigrate her image, presenting Zoya as almost a mentally ill person who set fire to houses of innocent residents. So who was she really? To better understand this issue, you need to visit the museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in the village of Petrishchevo.
Historical reference
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941). An eighteen-year-old girl signed up as a volunteer in the Red Army. Became part of the sabotage and reconnaissance detachment. In the winter of 1941, she was captured by the Nazis while trying to set fire to houses in the village of Petrishchevo, Moscow Region. She was tortured, but did not betray her comrades. During the execution, she showed an example of courage and heroism.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became the first female Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). After several articles in national newspapers about the fate of the brave partisan, Zoya became a symbol of heroism and selflessness. Soviet people. In 1956, the museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was opened in the village of Petrishchevo.
- Why go? Touch the history of your country, learn more about the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
- When to go? The museum can be visited at any time of the year. On weekends, the museum is open from ten in the morning to five in the evening, tickets can be purchased until 16:00. The museum is closed on Monday and the last Friday of the month.
- How to get there?
- By car. Seventy-six kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road along the Minsk highway to the village of Petrishchevo, Ruzsky district. Turn at the signpost to Vereya. GPS coordinates of parking for navigators: 55.4965, 36.3062. Parking is free, lots of space.
- By public transport. By electric train of the Belarusian direction to the Dorohovo station (1 hour 15 minutes), then from the station by bus number 45 to the village of Petrishchevo (about 15 minutes).
- How much time to spend? No more than an hour and a half.
- What to do with a child? A story about the events of the Great Patriotic War and the heroism of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
- What is the price? Adult ticket - 50 rubles, children and pensioners - 40 rubles. Photography - 70 rubles.
- Where to eat? The only option for a snack is a cafe at a gas station on the Minsk highway or a Ponponchik cafe, which is on the highway.
- Weekend itinerary: — Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya — . .
Museum
The Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is located in the village of Petrishchevo, Ruza district. It was there that the brave girl accomplished her feat and was executed. A visit to the museum can be combined with a tour of the other.
Immediately at the exit from Minka there is a huge monument to Zoya. The monument was opened in 1958. The installation site of the sculpture was chosen so that it could be seen from the M1 highway, no memorable actions related to the heroine of our story took place at this place.
We will not dwell on the biography and last hours life of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Anyone who is interested can easily find all the information on the Internet. Let's just say that her feat is not only an example of patriotism and love for the Motherland, but also an example of personal courage, strength and inflexibility of character.
A few minutes later we park in a huge deserted parking lot by the museum. There is no one here except us, but the number of parking spaces shows that in Soviet times the museum was more popular. We pass into the territory, there is another monument to the brave partisan. It is not of such an impressive size, Zoya is made here in natural growth, but the monument makes an even greater impression.
German soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender. No matter how much you hang us, but you don’t hang everyone, there are 170 million of us
We go to the museum, it's deserted and dark. After a few moments, we manage to find the caretaker, it seems that she also works here as a cleaning lady. We buy tickets and start viewing the exposition.
The museum has several rooms, all beautifully decorated. Here are collected paintings telling about the feat of the Soviet Joan of Arc, her pre-war life, photographs of the execution. A separate room is dedicated to the battle for Moscow.
Probably, a museum can be called good if it is not only interesting to look at historical things and documents, but also to think, rethink and understand something. The Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in Petrishchevo is just that. What drove her? What made her endure all the torture and heroically accept death? Did it make sense?
Petrishchevo itself did not seem particularly interesting to us. There is an abandoned store next to the museum. It is possible that it is open in the summer, when the village is filled with summer residents, but at the end of April the store was closed.
