Education

What is the difference fiction from scientific? Examples

Literature is an indispensable part of the culture of every country. Without it, it would be impossible to exchange information, learn last news or study science. In all its splendor, literature appears before readers in various genres. And it is often difficult to choose which book to give preference to. Especially often such torments arise when the reader does not know what is the difference between fiction and scientific literature. Well, let's try to help him.

It all starts with theory

Before classifying texts into artistic and scientific, it is worth arming yourself with theoretical knowledge in this area. That is, to learn about what scientific and fiction literature is.

• Fiction is a kind of art, the main component of which is the word.
• Scientific literature - is written works, which were created in the course of certain studies using some scientific method. This type of literature is intended to provide information to scientists about the latest developments in their field of activity.

If you look only at these definitions, it is impossible to understand what, in fact, is the difference between fiction and scientific literature, except for the target audience.

What is style?

Therefore, it is worth studying this issue in more detail. Fiction and non-fiction did not receive original titles. The thing is that the first is created by artists, and the second is full of formulas. It's all about the features (or, as they say, styles) of writing the text.

Style is the layout of the text. This is a kind of "clothes" of the text. Speaking scientifically, style is a system of language means and methods that are used to present any information. Each system and method is used in certain cases.

What is the difference between fiction and scientific literature? First of all, in the style of the text. And if you analyze in more detail, then you need to know about the features of the textual conventions of each style.

Related videos

Artistic speech style

This style is emotional and expressive. The author of the text is mainly focused on displaying images and emotions, which, in fact, captivates readers.

Main features artistic style:

• The hero and the narrator in one bottle - a free reflection of his "I".
• The text conveys images, emotional background and mood of the characters.
• The author can use many stylistic constructions in the text: homonyms, antonyms, phraseological units, obsolete words, hyperbolas, etc. The choice of wording is unlimited.
• In a literary text, the author can apply many different styles, beautifully "fitting" them to the general author's style.
• Words always have a hidden meaning.

The main purpose of the text in this style is to convey emotions, to create a certain mood in the reader. This is the first difference between fiction and scientific literature.

scientific style

However, that's not all distinctive characteristics styles. It is impossible to compare artistic and scientific style without saying anything about the features of the content.

The main features of the scientific style:

• The author is objective and impartial. The pronouns "we" or "they" appear in the text.
• Lots of terminology and speech clichés. The absence or minimization of the use of emotionally expressive vocabulary.
• The text is static and reads slowly due to the abundance of adverbs, adjectives and nouns.
• The text is structured logically, presented consistently, according to the theses.
• Many introductory words that explain phenomena or concepts.

This is another difference between fiction and scientific literature.

A little about popular science

Many readers tend to confuse non-fiction with non-fiction. Popular science literature is a literary text about science. It is intended for both experienced researchers and the general public. The difference between fiction and popular science literature is that the latter combines the main features of the two literary styles. Here you can find images, emotions, and dry information that frightens with formulas and terminology.

Plan and example

The difference between art and scientific literature really big. To summarize everything written, it is worth giving a practical example.

The difference between fiction and scientific literature (examples):

• Art style: “The first rays of dawn were already rattling on the horizon, but no one in the camp paid attention to them. Each soldier was immersed in his own thoughts. Someone was cleaning the muzzle of the machine gun, someone was finishing the last lines of the letter, and someone was looking indifferently in the direction where the enemy was located. The decisive battle was to take place today. The whole night no one was able to close their eyes, and the minutes of early morning crawled like snails, until someone shouted: “It has begun!” ... "

• scientific style: “The Berlin offensive operation began on the morning of April 16, 1945. 9,000 Soviet guns and mortars hit the German positions. Within minutes, the first line of defense was destroyed. Air bombers attacked the German artillery and headquarters. 2145 units of German military equipment were destroyed ... Germany announced its surrender on May 8, 1945.

These two texts tell about the beginning of the Berlin offensive operation- the last battle in the Great Patriotic war. And if you draw up a plan: “The difference between fiction and scientific literature,” then it will look like this:

1. IN scientific text will always be:

• exact dates and figures;
• a list of the main operating elements;
• assessment of what is happening;
• attention to significant moments;
• overall results;
• figures, protocols, statements.

1. Artistic text includes:

• impressions about what is happening;
• description of the place where the events take place;
• means of expression that make the reader experience;
• reality is painted in living pictures.

Even the small examples presented correspond to most of the points of the plan. What is the difference between fiction and scientific literature is briefly described in the article. If the first is something sublime, sensual and spiritual, then the second is its direct opposite - it sets out the main facts using complex terminology and, forgetting about the aesthetics of speech turns, stubbornly strides towards the goal. We can say that they are like heaven and earth. It's pointless to compare them. However, it is impossible to imagine the world of culture as without works of art, and without scientific papers.

Literature is a very broad field of knowledge. Let's try to deal with it. Texts - that's what they call literature in the very general view. And then there are styles. The text or work can belong to one of the styles: artistic, scientific, official business or journalistic. Therefore, the first difference between fiction and scientific literature is the stylistic component. In general, fiction is a kind of literature that uses all the available language possibilities for writing. plot work. We are approaching the two "pillars" of fiction: the variety of linguistic forms, stylistic devices (remember all these crazy expressive descriptions nature in novels) and the presence of a plot. Fiction This is a story, this is a life described in words. Scientific literature- this is a type of literature that is applied in nature and aims to explain phenomena, hypotheses, and the like. Moreover, most often this is a plotless essay in which there are no linguistic delights.

Scientific literature is made scientific by an abundance of cognitive information: numerical data, graphs and diagrams, dates, proper names. All this helps us to perceive information. As for fiction, it is replete with aesthetic and emotional information - we read it to enjoy, distract, pass the time, and so on. From this follows the difference in the target groups of potential readers of scientific and fiction, because often scientific literature is professional, and fiction, in turn, is designed for a certain age of readers: children's and teenage fiction are distinguished. It must be understood, however, that some literary works successfully combine best features both styles: artistic and scientific.

People who read predominantly non-fiction and people who prefer fiction exist because fiction and non-fiction actually have much more more differences than similarities.

Findings site

1. Fiction and non-fiction are different styles of literature;
2. Fiction - plot and metaphorical, allegorical - which cannot be said about scientific literature;
3. Fiction puts aesthetics high, but the main goal of scientific literature is to teach and convey information;
4. Fiction and scientific literature is dominated by different types information;
5. Often, fiction and scientific literature are designed for different groups population due to its specificity.

The artistic style of speech is the language of literature and art. It is used to convey emotions and feelings, artistic images and phenomena.

Artistic style is a way of self-expression of writers, therefore, as a rule, it is used in writing. Orally (for example, in plays), texts written in advance are read out. Historically, the artistic style functions in three types of literature - lyrics (poems, poems), drama (plays) and epic (stories, novels, novels).

An article about all styles of speech -.

Asked for an essay or term paper in literature or other subjects? Now you can not suffer yourself, but simply order a job. We recommend contacting >>here, they do it quickly and cheaply. Moreover, here you can even bargain
P.S.
By the way, they do homework there too 😉

The art style is:

2. Language means are a means of transmission artistic image, emotional state and mood of the narrator.

3. The use of stylistic figures - metaphors, comparisons, metonyms, etc., emotionally expressive vocabulary, phraseological units.

4. Multi-style. The use of language means of other styles (colloquial, journalistic) is subject to the fulfillment of a creative plan. These combinations gradually form what is called the author's style.

5. The use of verbal ambiguity - words are chosen so that with their help not only “draw” images, but also put a hidden meaning into them.

6. Information transfer function is often hidden. The purpose of the artistic style is to convey the emotions of the author, to create a mood, an emotional mood in the reader.

Art Style: Case Study

Let's take a look at the features of the parsed style as an example.

An excerpt from the article:

The war disfigured Borovoye. Interspersed with the surviving huts stood like monuments people's grief, charred stoves. Pillars stuck out from the gate. The shed gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away.

There were gardens, and now stumps - how rotten teeth. Only in some places two or three juvenile apple trees took shelter.

The village was depopulated.

When the one-armed Fyodor returned home, his mother was alive. She grew old, emaciated, gray hair increased. She sat down at the table, but there was nothing to treat. Fedor had his own, soldierly. At the table, the mother said: everyone was robbed, damned skinners! We hid pigs and hens, who are much better. Will you save? He makes noise, threatens, give him a chicken, be at least the last one. With a fright, they gave the last one. Here I have nothing left. Oh, it was bad! The damned fascist ruined the village! You can see for yourself what's left... more than half of the yards burned down. The people fled to where: some to the rear, some to the partisans. How many girls were kidnapped! So our Frosya was taken away ...

Fyodor looked around in a day or two. They began to return their own, Borovsky. They hung a piece of plywood on an empty hut, and on it in crooked letters soot in oil - there was no paint - “The board of the Krasnaya Zarya collective farm” - and it went, and it went! Down and Out trouble started.

The style of this text, as we have already said, is artistic.

His features in this passage:

1. Borrowing and application of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( as monuments of national grief, fascist, partisans, collective farm management, the beginning of trouble).
2. The use of pictorial and means of expression (hijacked, cursed skinners, really), the semantic ambiguity of words is actively used ( the war disfigured Borovoye, the barn gaped with a huge hole).
3. they've all been robbed, you damned skinners! We hid pigs and hens, who are much better. Will you save? He makes noise, threatens, give him a chicken, be at least the last one. Oh, it was bad!).
4. There were gardens, and now stumps are like rotten teeth; She sat down at the table, but there was nothing to treat; on oil - there was no paint).
5. Syntactic structures artistic text reflect, first of all, the flow of author's impressions, figurative and emotional ( Interspersed with the surviving huts, charred stoves stood like monuments to people's grief. The shed gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away; There were gardens, and now stumps are like rotten teeth).
6. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian language ( stumps are like rotten teeth; charred stoves stood like monuments to national grief; sheltered by two or three teenage apple trees).
7. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the figurativeness of the parsed style: for example, figurative techniques and means of Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words broad scope use ( grew old, emaciated, burned, letters, girls).

Thus, the artistic style does not so much tell as it shows - it helps to feel the situation, to visit those places that the narrator tells about. Of course, there is also a certain "imposition" of the author's experiences, but it also creates a mood, conveys sensations.

The art style is one of the most "borrowing" and flexible: writers, firstly, actively use language of other styles, and secondly, they successfully combine artistic imagery, for example, with explanations scientific facts, concepts or phenomena.

Sci-Fi Style: Case Study

Consider the example of the interaction of two styles - artistic and scientific.

An excerpt from the article:

The youth of our country loves forests and parks. And this love is fruitful, active. It is expressed not only in the laying of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak forests and forests. One day, at a meeting, even chips appeared on the table of the presidium. Some villain cut down an apple tree that grew alone on the river bank. Like a lighthouse, she stood on a steep yard. They got used to it, as to the appearance of their home, they loved it. And now she was gone. On this day, the conservation group was born. They called it the "Green Patrol". There was no mercy for the poachers, and they began to retreat.

N. Korotaev

Scientific style features:

1. Terminology ( presidium, laying of forest belts, krutoyar, poachers).
2. The presence in a series of nouns of words denoting the concepts of a feature or state ( bookmark, security).
3. The quantitative predominance of nouns and adjectives in the text over verbs ( this love is fruitful, active; in the laying of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak forests and forests).
4. The use of verbal phrases and words ( bookmark, security, mercy, meeting).
5. Verbs in the present tense that have a “timeless”, indicative meaning in the text, with weakened lexical and grammatical meanings of time, person, number ( loves, expresses);
6. A large volume of sentences, their impersonal nature in conjunction with passive constructions ( It is expressed not only in the laying of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak forests and forests.).

Art style features:

1. Extensive use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( presidium, laying of forest belts, krutoyar).
2. The use of various figurative and expressive means ( this love is fruitful, in vigilant protection, reckless), the active use of the verbal polysemy of the word (the appearance of the house, "Green Patrol").
3. Emotionality and expressiveness of the image ( They got used to it, as to the appearance of their home, they loved it. And now she was gone. On this day the band was born.
4. Manifestation creative individuality author - author's style ( It is expressed not only in the laying of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak forests and forests. Here: combining features of several styles).
5. Paying special attention to particular and seemingly random circumstances and situations behind which one can see the typical and general ( Some villain cut down an apple tree ... And now it was gone. On this day, the conservation group was born).
6. The syntactic structure and the corresponding structures in this passage reflect the flow of figurative and emotional author's perception ( Like a lighthouse, she stood on a steep yard. And now she's gone).
7. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian literary language ( this fruitful, active love, like a beacon, it stood, there was no mercy, growing alone).
8. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the figurativeness of the parsed style: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of the widest distribution ( youth, reckless, fruitful, active, guise).

According to the variety of language means, literary devices and methods of artistic style, perhaps the richest. And, unlike other styles, it has a minimum of restrictions - with proper drawing of images and emotional mood you can even write a literary text scientific terms. But, of course, this should not be abused.

The book sphere of communication is expressed through the artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.

Artistic style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. the main objective- influence on the reader with the help of sensual images. Tasks by which the goal of artistic style is achieved:

• Creation of a living picture describing the work.
• Transfer of the emotional and sensual state of the characters to the reader.

Art style features

Artistic style has the goal of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. Big Picture The application of this style is described through its features:

• Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
• Ideological and aesthetic. Maintenance of the system of images, through which the writer conveys the idea of ​​the work to the reader, is waiting for a response to the idea of ​​the plot.
• Communicative. The expression of the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from artistic world connects with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of the artistic style

To easily define this style of literature, let's pay attention to its features:

• Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical schemes of constructing texts.
• High level text ordering. The division of prose into chapters, parts; in the play - the division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, the metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the doctrine of the combination of poems, rhyme.
• High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings in one word.
• Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of the characters, as a way of describing the phenomena and events in the work.

The artistic text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out using special means called tropes - language tools expressiveness of speech, words in figurative meaning. Examples of some trails:

• Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the image of the character is complemented.
• Metaphor - the meaning of a word in figuratively based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
• An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
• Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatial and temporal similarity.
• Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
• Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where Fiction Style Is Used

The artistic style has absorbed numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope is huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genera, expressing reality in a special way:

• Epos. Shows external unrest, thoughts of the author (description of storylines).
• Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner worries (experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
• Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, a large number of dialogues between characters. From such a work they often make theatrical performances. Example - The Three Sisters of A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subspecies that can be subdivided into even more specific varieties. Main:

Epic genres:

• Epic is a genre of work, which is dominated by historical events.
• A novel is a large manuscript with a complex storyline. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
• The story is a work of a smaller volume, which describes the life case of the hero.
• The story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the features of the plot of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

• Ode is a solemn song.
• An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin "Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov."
• An elegy is a lyrical poem.
• A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyming of which has a strict construction system. Examples this genre common in Shakespeare.

Genres dramatic works:

• Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that ridicules social vices.
• Tragedy is a work that describes tragic fate heroes, struggle of characters, relationships.
• Drama - has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define literary text?

Understand and consider features this style it is easier when the reader is provided with a literary text with a good example. Let's practice to determine what style of text is in front of us, using an example:

“Marat's father, Stepan Porfirievich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from the Astrakhan bandit family. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Michelson plant in Moscow, machine-gun courses in Petrograd ... "

The main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

• This text built on the transfer of events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that we have a literary text.
• The means used in the example: “the revolutionary whirlwind blew it out, dragged it in” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in a literary text.
• An example of a description of the fate of a person, environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be parsed in detail according to this principle. If the functions or distinctive features, which are described above, immediately catch your eye, then there is no doubt that you have a literary text in front of you.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the main means and features of a literary text are incomprehensible to you; task examples seem complicated - use a resource such as a presentation. A ready-made presentation with illustrative examples will intelligibly fill in knowledge gaps. Sphere school subject“Russian Language and Literature”, provides electronic sources of information on functional speech styles. Please note that the presentation is concise and informative, contains explanatory tools.

Thus, having understood the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you, and there is a desire to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your study!

Literature is an indispensable part of the culture of every country. Without it, it would be impossible to exchange information, learn the latest news or study science. In all its splendor, literature appears before readers in various genres. And it is often difficult to choose which book to give preference to. Especially often such torments arise when the reader does not know what is the difference between fiction and scientific literature. Well, let's try to help him.

It all starts with theory

Before classifying texts into artistic and scientific, it is worth arming yourself with theoretical knowledge in this area. That is, to learn about what scientific and fiction literature is.

• Fiction is a kind of art, the main component of which is the word.
• Scientific literature is written works that have been created in the course of certain studies using a certain scientific method. This one is intended to provide information to scientists about the latest developments in their field.

If you look only at these definitions, it is impossible to understand what, in fact, is the difference between fiction and scientific literature, except for the target audience.

What is style?

Therefore, it is worth studying this issue in more detail. Fiction and non-fiction did not receive original titles. The thing is that the first is created by artists, and the second is full of formulas. It's all about the features (or, as they say, styles) of writing the text.

Style is the layout of the text. This is a kind of "clothes" of the text. Speaking scientifically, style is a system of language means and methods that are used to present any information. Each system and method is used in certain cases.

What is the difference between fiction and scientific literature? First of all, in the style of the text. And if you analyze in more detail, then you need to know about the features of the textual conventions of each style.

Artistic speech style

This style is emotional and expressive. The author of the text is mainly focused on displaying images and emotions, which, in fact, captivates readers.

The main features of the artistic style:

• The hero and the narrator in one bottle - a free reflection of his "I".
• The text conveys images, emotional background and mood of the characters.
• The author can use many stylistic constructions in the text: homonyms, antonyms, phraseological units, obsolete words, hyperbole, etc. The choice of wording is unlimited.
• In a literary text, the author can apply many different styles, beautifully "fitting" them to the general author's style.
• Words always have a hidden meaning.

The main purpose of the text in this style is to convey emotions, to create a certain mood in the reader. This is the first difference between fiction and scientific literature.

scientific style

However, this is not all the distinctive characteristics of the styles. It is impossible to compare artistic and scientific style without saying something about the features of the content.

• The author is objective and impartial. The pronouns "we" or "they" appear in the text.
• Lots of terminology and speech clichés. No or minimal use
• The text is static and reads slowly due to the abundance of adverbs, adjectives and nouns.
• The text is structured logically, presented consistently, according to the theses.
• Many introductory words that explain phenomena or concepts.

This is another difference between fiction and scientific literature.

A little about popular science

Many readers tend to confuse non-fiction with non-fiction. Popular science literature is a literary text about science. It is intended for both experienced researchers and the general public. The difference between fiction and popular science literature is that the latter combines the main features of the two literary styles. Here you can find images, emotions, and dry information that frightens with formulas and terminology.

Plan and example

There is a big difference between fiction and non-fiction. To summarize everything written, it is worth giving a practical example.

The difference between fiction and scientific literature (examples):

• Art style: “The first rays of dawn were already rattling on the horizon, but no one in the camp paid attention to them. Each soldier was immersed in his own thoughts. Someone was cleaning the muzzle of the machine gun, someone was finishing the last lines of the letter, and someone was looking indifferently in the direction where the enemy was located. The decisive battle was to take place today. The whole night no one was able to close their eyes, and the minutes of early morning crawled like snails, until someone shouted: “It has begun!” ... "

• scientific style: “The Berlin offensive operation began on the morning of April 16, 1945. 9,000 Soviet guns and mortars hit the German positions. Within minutes, the first line of defense was destroyed. Air bombers attacked the German artillery and headquarters. 2145 units of German military equipment were destroyed ... Germany announced its surrender on May 8, 1945.

These two texts tell about the beginning of the Berlin offensive operation - the last battle in the Great Patriotic War. And if you draw up a plan: “The difference between fiction and scientific literature,” then it will look like this:

1. The scientific text will always indicate:

• exact dates and figures;
• a list of the main operating elements;
• assessment of what is happening;
• attention to significant moments;
• overall results;
• figures, protocols, statements.

1. Artistic text includes:

• impressions about what is happening;
• description of the place where the events take place;
• means of expression that make the reader experience;
• reality is painted in living pictures.

Even the small examples presented correspond to most of the points of the plan. What is the difference between fiction and scientific literature is briefly described in the article. If the first is something sublime, sensual and spiritual, then the second is its direct opposite - it sets out the main facts using complex terminology and, forgetting about the aesthetics of speech turns, stubbornly strides towards the goal. We can say that they are like heaven and earth. It's pointless to compare them. However, it is impossible to imagine the world of culture both without works of art and without scientific works.