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Do you know how it happens? You come to the beach: the water is cold. You don't know whether to swim or not. stands nearby beautiful girl. She also doubts. Sees you. And you know: it is worth asking her name - and you will leave with her, you will forget everything. Even with whom he came. It's worth asking. But then you just remember it. Once a day or a week. This momentary memory does not go out of my head. A memory of another life that didn't come true...
The existence of your alternative life in terms of physics
To prove a theory alternate realities let's plunge into history for a second: in 1915, two stunning ideas turned scientific world is Einstein's theory of relativity and the birth of quantum mechanics, which radically changed our understanding of the universe. However, it did not answer all questions.
Realizing the gaps in these theories regarding questions big bang and its consequences, for more than a decade the brightest heads of the world have been looking for a more universal theory of everything. And finally, string theory comes out from behind the scenes, which answers most of the inconsistencies of research.
Her idea is that everything that exists in this universe consists of tiny vibrating strings of energy (which are inside the atoms of molecules), and each string vibrates in its own way, giving rise to its own types of particles. It's like the notes on guitar string. Simply put, the universe is an endless symphony of this orchestra. Absolutely everything that surrounds us is music from these tiny strings.
If a little clearer: imagine a fire. From the outside, the flame seems to be material, but in fact it is just energy that cannot be touched (not only because of the temperature, but in principle). And in the oscillating strings, unlike the flame, you can not miss the hand, as this is an excited state of space that becomes tangible.
For all the simplicity and genius of string theory at the same time, there was one problem, the solution of which led to the realization of alternative realities.
It turned out that string theory is not one theory, but a collection of many, a very large number of theories. Each of them describes its own universe with its own laws of physics. It seemed like a failure...
Or greatest triumph? Because the thought came to the fore that - attention - our Universe is not alone. And there are many. There is some great multiverse. With such a hypothesis, everything suddenly fell into place: each universe has its own laws of physics, and therefore it is impossible to come to uniform indicators.
Many scientists were dissatisfied with the theory of the Multiverse, because, firstly, the calculations are not uniform for everything and everyone, which was never originally in physics, and secondly, because they simply cannot be verified! It seems to many that this version can only become a reality in the next Interstellar by Christopher Nolan, where the heroes will find some kind of funnel into the neighboring Universe.
But according to most forecasts, it is likely that in some ten years we will look at our current doubts in the same way as at the doubts of those who once believed that the Sun revolved around the Earth. And if you take a look at the brilliant scientist of our time, Brian Green, perhaps you will dispel your doubts right now.
If this incredible theory is correct, then an incredible consequence follows from it: inside this Multiverse there may be other copies of ours. solar system, copies of the Earth and, therefore, copies of all of us. And if so, then all possible options development of our lives.
In some other universe, your copy may live exactly the same, but in another, everything may be different. At infinity, your copy can endlessly make other decisions.
This means that in some universe, Viktor Tsoi is still alive. And Hitler became the founder of postmodernism in painting. Or somewhere there is an Earth where it has already happened nuclear war. Or where dinosaurs didn't become extinct! And evolution took a different path.
In terms of mathematics
Mathematicians confirm that copies of our world are very likely in the infinite Multiverse. How can this be?
Let's take an example with a deck of cards: it consists of 52 different sheets. But for very a large number of batches, their combinations will inevitably begin to repeat, since the number different options distribution is limited. The same principle works in the Multiverse, because according to the laws of nature, the primary constituents of matter - particles - are like a deck of cards: at each point in space, they can be formed in a limited number of ways.
If space is infinite, if the number of universes is also infinite, then such options must be repeated. And since each of us is just a variant of the assembly of particles, somewhere there are our exact copies.
On the one hand, this is depressing: it means that we are deprived of uniqueness. Imagine: you are a copy or a variant of one of the lives of a certain combination of particles.
On the other hand, if, of course, all this is not a utopia and the Universe is really infinite, then somewhere out there, in the depths of distant galaxies, you are still doing what you wanted. You have achieved completely different heights. Maybe you once made that very different decision (you know what kind of decision it is), or maybe you don’t exist at all ...
In terms of philosophy
Let's consider our topic from the point of view of philosophy using the example of the film "Mr. Nobody" (if you have always been tormented by the topic life choice, your alternative life or you are now at a crossroads, we strongly recommend that you this picture) together with the philosopher, author of the channel "Hidden meaning". There is no longer any talk of the Multiverse, the laws of physics and Christopher Nolan. It's about about a hero who can see his other lives depending on the choices he makes. And this is what he says, already being an old man:
“In the life of each of us every day there are a hundred choices, and there are no good or bad choices. It's just that each of the choices creates a different life, a different unique world. But every life deserves to be lived, every path deserves to be walked. Because every one of our other lives is right. They all have the same meaning. Everything in the world could be different, but have the same meaning.
Nemo
Let's decipher: no one will argue that any thing in our world makes sense. And this meaning does not change over time, because one of the main principles of thinking says: "If there is something one, then there is something opposite." Accordingly, if something changes, then something does not change (stop, we don’t blow up the brain yet, read the next paragraph).
For example, a person is constantly changing: the cells of our body are updated hundreds of thousands of times in a lifetime, but we still remain the same person, and do not become someone else. So, despite the complete change in our body, something in us remains unchanged. This "something" in philosophy is called essence, or meaning. That is, things change, but their meanings do not change. Example: a car is on fire - but the "meaning" of that car is not on fire. Moreover, if a person dies or is not even born, his “meaning” will not disappear, because birth and death are the same immutable that does not depend on the emergence or destruction of the thing to which it refers. Therefore, any change in a thing is already inherent in its meaning. And any possible actions that a person performs, and all possible options for his life are also already assumed by his meaning.
That is, you already exist in all possible variants. However, philosophy is philosophy, but still the choice of choice is different. And it is "Mr. Nobody" that shows us that, given the equivalence of an infinite number of choices best choice yet it turns out to be something that was based on freedom, and not on external factors.
It means that there are many alternative lives of ours. How to live with it?
What does all this mean specifically for you?
This means that your infinite counterparts in an infinite universe make an infinite number of different choices in the same fate. And your goal is to make your copy as happy as possible. Leave the rest to yourself in alternative lives.
Do you know what the end result should be? You come to the beach: the water is cold. You don't know whether to swim or not. Nearby is a beautiful girl. She also doubts. Sees you. You ask her name - and leave with her, forgetting everything. Even with whom he came. And you understand that this is exactly the life that has come true.
Below are 10 philosophical theories that can change the way you see the world.
1. Great glaciation
The Great Ice Age is a theory that our universe is moving towards its end.
According to this idea, the Universe has a limited supply of energy, which will finally be exhausted, which will lead to absolute permafrost. It is understood that thermal energy is produced during the movement of particles, and heat loss is a natural process due to which the movement of particles slows down and, apparently, one day everything will stop.
2. Solipsism
Solipsism is the philosophical theory that nothing exists but individual consciousness. At first glance, this is a ridiculous statement. How can you completely deny the existence of the world around us? But if you think about it, the only thing you can be sure of is your own consciousness. Don't believe? Take a moment to reflect on your realistic dreams. Couldn't it be that everything around you is an incredibly complex dream? Here one can object: we are surrounded by people and things in which we cannot doubt, because we hear them, see them, feel their smell and taste. But people who take LSD, for example, are just as confident that they can touch their most convincing hallucinations, even though we insist on the "unreality" of their visions.
Your dreams mimic sensations that are perceived in the same way as information received from different parts of the brain. If we think in a given direction, then in what aspects of life can we be sure? None. There is no certainty in the chicken you ate for dinner, or in the keyboard under your fingers. Each of us can only be sure of our own thoughts.
3. Philosophy of subjective idealism
George Berkeley, the father of idealism, argued that everything exists as an idea in someone's head. Many considered his theory stupid, even some of the philosopher's comrades. The story goes that one of his detractors with eyes closed kicked a stone and said: “So I refuted it!” The implication was that if the stone really only existed in his imagination, then he couldn't have kicked it with his eyes closed. Berkeley's rebuttal is hard to understand. He insisted on the existence of an omnipotent and omnipresent God who sees everything at once. Believable?
4. Plato and logos
Plato is the most famous philosopher in the world. Of course, he had his own thoughts about reality. He argued that beyond the reality we perceive, lies the world of "ideal" form. All that we see is just a shadow, an imitation of what really is. Plato said that by studying philosophy, we have a chance to catch a glimpse of everything as it really is, to discover the perfect forms of what is perceived. In addition to this startling statement, being a monist, Plato claimed that everything was created from a single substance. That is, according to him, diamonds, gold and dog feces are all made of the same basic material, but in a different form. FROM scientific discovery atoms and molecules, this statement was confirmed to some extent.
5. Presentism
Time is what we take for granted, and at any given moment, as a rule, we divide it into past, present and future.
Presentism asserts that the past and future are imaginary concepts and only the present is real. In other words, today's breakfast and every word in this article will cease to exist after you read it until you open it again. The future is imaginary, because time cannot exist before and after what happened, according to the statements of St. Augustine.
6. Eternalism
Eternalism is the exact opposite of presentism. This is a philosophical theory based on the multi-layered time. All time exists simultaneously, but the dimension is determined by the observer. What he sees depends on what he looks at. Thus the dinosaurs, the second World War and Justin Bieber - everything exists at the same time, but can only be observed in a certain place. If one adheres to this view of reality, then the future is hopeless, and free will is an illusion.
7. Brain in a jar
The brain in a jar is a thought experiment that has occupied thinkers and scientists who, like most people, believe that human understanding of reality depends solely on subjective sensations.
Imagine that you are just a brain in a jar being affected by aliens or mad scientists. How can you find out about it? And can you deny the possibility that this is your reality? Takova modern interpretation the "evil demon" theory of Descartes. This thought experiment leads to a similar conclusion: we cannot confirm the actual existence of anything other than our consciousness.
If you now remembered the movie "The Matrix", it is only because this idea formed the basis of a sci-fi action movie. Only in reality we do not have a red pill.
8. Theory of the Multiverse
Each modern man at least once heard of the "multiverse" or "parallel universes". According to this hypothesis, many of us (theoretically) imagine Parallel Worlds similar to ours, with minor (or major) differences.
The Multiverse theory suggests that there could be an infinite number of alternate realities. For example, in one of them a dinosaur has already killed you, and you are lying in the ground. And in the other, you are a powerful dictator. In the third, you may not have been born yet, as your parents have not yet met.
9. Fictional realism
This is the most fascinating version of the multiverse theory. Superman is real. Yes, Harry Potter can be real too. This teaching, given the infinite number of universes, states that everything must exist somewhere. So all of our favorite sci-fi and fantasy fictions could be descriptions of alternate universes where everything needed to come together in one place to possible world realized.
We can say with confidence that people who have not heard of Dali simply do not exist. Some know him by his work, which reflected an entire era in the life of mankind, others by the outrageousness with which he lived and painted.
All the works of Salvador Dali are worth millions these days, and there are always connoisseurs of creativity who are ready to pay the necessary amount for the canvas.
Dali and his childhood
The first thing to say about the great artist is that he is a Spaniard. By the way, my nationality Dali was incredibly proud and was a true patriot of his country. The family in which he was born determined him in many ways life path, position features. The mother of the great creator was a deeply religious person, while his father was a convinced atheist. From childhood, Salvador Dali was immersed in an atmosphere of ambiguity, some ambivalence.
The author of paintings, valued in millions, was a rather weak student. Restless character, irrepressible desire for expression own opinion, too much wild imagination did not allow him to achieve great success in education, however, as an artist, Dali showed himself quite early. Ramon Pichot was the first to notice his ability to draw, who directed the talent of the fourteen-year-old creator in the right direction. So already at the age of fourteen, the young artist presented his work at an exhibition held in Figueres.
Youth
The work of Salvador Dali allowed him to enter the Madrid Academy fine arts, however, the young and even then outrageous artist did not stay there for a long time. Being convinced of his exclusivity, he was soon expelled from the academy. Later, in 1926, Dali decided to continue his studies, but was again expelled, already without the right to restoration.
A huge role in the life of the young artist was played by his acquaintance with Luis Bonuel, who later became one of the most famous directors, working in the genre of surrealism, and Federico who went down in history as one of the most brilliant poets of Spain.
Expelled from the Academy of Arts, the young artist did not hide his own, which allowed him to organize his own exhibition in his youth, which was visited by the great Pablo Picasso.
Muse of Salvador Dali
Of course, any creator needs a muse. For Dali, it was Gala Eluard, who was on
The moment of meeting the great surrealist is married. A deep, all-consuming passion became the impetus for leaving her husband for Gala and for active creativity for Salvador Dali himself. The beloved became for the surrealist not only an inspirer, but also a kind of manager. Thanks to her efforts, the work of Salvador Dali became known in London, New York and Barcelona. The glory of the artist has acquired a completely different scale.
Glory Avalanche
As befits any creative nature, the artist Dali was constantly developing, striving forward, improving and transforming his technique. Of course, this led to significant changes in his life, the smallest of which was the removal from the list of surrealists. However, this did not affect his career in any way. Thousands, and then multimillion-dollar exhibitions gained momentum. The realization of greatness came to the artist after the publication of his autobiography, which sold out in record time.
Most famous works
A person who does not know a single work of Salvador Dali simply does not exist, but few can name at least a few works of the great artist. All over the world, the creations of the outrageous artist are kept like the apple of an eye and are shown to millions of visitors to museums and exhibitions.
Salvador Dali almost always painted the most famous paintings in a certain outburst of feelings, due to a certain emotional outburst. For example, “Self-portrait with a Raphaelian neck” was written after the death of the artist’s mother, which became a real mental trauma for Dali, which he repeatedly admitted.
"The Persistence of Memory" is one of the famous works Dali. It is this picture that has several different names that coexist equally in art history circles. In this case, the canvas depicts the place where the artist lived and worked - Port Lligata. Many art researchers claim that deserted coast reflects in this picture the inner emptiness of the creator himself. Salvador Dali "Time" (as this picture is also called) painted under the impression of the melting of Camembert cheese, from which, perhaps, appeared key images masterpiece. The clock, which takes on completely unthinkable forms on the canvas, symbolizes the human perception of time and memory. The Persistence of Memory is definitely one of the most profound and thoughtful works of Salvador Dali.
Variety of creativity
It's no secret that the paintings of Salvador Dali are very different from each other. certain period in the life of an artist, one or another manner, style, a certain direction are characteristic. By the time when the creator publicly declared: "Surrealism is me!" - includes works written from 1929 to 1934. Such paintings as "William Tell", "Evening Ghost", "Bleeding Roses" and many others belong to this period.
The listed works are significantly different from the paintings of the period limited to 1914 and 1926, when Dali Salvador kept his work within certain limits. early works the master of outrageousness is characterized by greater uniformity, regularity, greater calmness, and to some extent greater realism. Among these paintings, one can single out “Feast in Figueres”, “Portrait of my father”, written in 1920-1921, “View of Cadaques from Mount Pani”.
Salvador Dali painted the most famous paintings after 1934. Since that time, the artist's method has become "paranoid-critical." In this vein, the creator worked until 1937. Among the paintings written by Dali at this time, the most famous paintings were “The Flexible Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)” and “Atavistic Remains of Rain”
The "paranoid-critical" period was followed by the so-called American. It was at this time that Dali wrote his famous "Dream", "Galarina" and "A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening."
The work of Salvador Dali acquires more and more tension over time. Per American period followed by a period of nuclear mysticism. The painting "Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden" was written at this time. In the same period, in 1963, the "Ecumenical Council" was written.
Dali calms down
The time from 1963 to 1983 is called by art critics the period " last role". The works of these years are calmer than the previous ones. They have a clear geometry, very confident graphics, not smooth, melting, but clear and fairly strict lines prevail. Here you can highlight the famous "Warrior", written in 1982, or "The Appearance of a Face in a Landscape".
Lesser known Dali
Few people know, but Salvador Dali created the most not only on canvas and wood, and not only with the help of paints. The artist's acquaintance with Luis Bonuel not only largely determined the further direction of Dali's work, but was also reflected in the painting "The Andalusian Dog", which at one time shocked the audience. It was this film that became a kind of slap in the face of the bourgeoisie.
Soon the paths of Dali and Bonuel diverged, but their joint work went down in history.
Dali and outrageous
Even the appearance of the artist suggests that this nature is deeply creative, unusual and striving for a new, unknown.
Dali was never distinguished by a desire for a calm, traditional appearance. On the contrary, he was proud of his unusual antics and used them in every way to his advantage. About his own mustache, for example, the artist wrote a book, calling them "antennas for the perception of art."
In an impulse to impress Dali, he decided to spend one of his own meetings in a diving suit, as a result of which he almost suffocated.
Dali Salvador put his creativity above all else. The artist won fame in the most unforeseen, strangest ways that one can even imagine. He bought $2 dollar bills, then sold a book about the stock for a huge amount of money. The artist defended the right of his installations to exist by destroying them and bringing them to the police.
Salvador Dali left behind the most famous paintings in huge numbers. However, as well as memories of his strange, incomprehensible character and worldview.
Great and extraordinary person Salvador Dali was born in Spain in the city of Figueres in 1904 on May 11th. His parents were very different. Mother believed in God, and father, on the contrary, was an atheist. Salvador Dali's father was also called Salvador. Many believe that Dali was named after his father, but this is not entirely true. Although the father and son had the same names, the younger Salvador Dali was named in memory of his brother, who died before he was two years old. This worried the future artist, as he felt like a double, some kind of echo of the past. Salvador had a sister who was born in 1908.
Childhood of Salvador Dali
Dali studied very poorly, was spoiled and restless, although he had the ability to draw in childhood. The first teacher of El Salvador was Ramon Pichot. Already at the age of 14, his paintings were at an exhibition in Figueres. In 1921, Salvador Dali left for Madrid and entered the Academy of Fine Arts there. He did not like teaching. He believed that he himself could teach his teachers the art of drawing. He stayed in Madrid only because he was interested in communicating with his comrades. There he met Federico Garcia Lorca and Luis Buñuel.
Studying at the Academy
In 1924, Dali was expelled from the academy for misbehavior. Returning there a year later, he was expelled again in 1926 without the right to reinstatement. The incident that led to this situation was simply amazing. At one of the exams, the professor asked the academy to name 3 of the greatest artists in the world. Dali replied that he would not answer such questions, because not a single teacher from the academy had the right to be his judge. Dali was too contemptuous of teachers. And by this time, Salvador Dali already had his own exhibition, which Pablo Picasso himself visited. This was the catalyst for introducing the artists. Salvador Dali's close relationship with Buñuel resulted in a film called Andalusian Dog, which had a surrealist twist. In 1929, Dali officially became a surrealist.
How Dali found his muse
In 1929, Dali found his muse. She became Gala Eluard. It is she who is depicted in many paintings by Salvador Dali. A serious passion arose between them, and Gala left her husband to be with Dali. At the time of meeting his beloved, Dali lived in Cadaques, where he bought himself a hut without any special amenities. Not without the help of Gala Dali, they managed to organize several excellent exhibitions that were in cities such as Barcelona, London, New York. In 1936, a very tragicomic moment happened. At one of his exhibitions in London, Dali decided to give a lecture in a diving suit. Soon he began to choke. Actively gesturing with his hands, he asked to take off his helmet. The public took it as a joke, and everything worked out. By 1937, when Dali had already visited Italy, the style of his work had changed significantly. Too strongly influenced by the work of the masters of the Renaissance. Dali was expelled from the surrealist society.
During the Second World War, Dali went to the United States, where he was recognizable, and quickly achieved success. In 1941, the museum opened its doors for his personal exhibition. contemporary art USA. Having written his autobiography in 1942, Dali felt that he was really famous, as the book sold out very quickly. In 1946, Dali collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock. Of course, despite the success of his former comrade Andre Breton, he could not miss the chance to write an article in which he humiliated Dali - “ Salvador Dali- Avida Dollars "(" Rowing dollars "). In 1948, Salvador Dali returned to Europe and settled in Port Lligate, leaving from there to Paris, then back to New York.
Dali was a very famous person. He did almost everything and was successful. All his exhibitions cannot be counted, but the exhibition at the Tate Gallery was most memorable, which was visited by about 250 million people, which cannot but impress. Salvador Dali died in 1989 on January 23 after the death of Gala, who died in 1982.
Creation
It is difficult to find a personality more controversial among artists. Judgments, actions, paintings by Salvador Dali, everything had a slight touch of insane surrealism. This man was not just a surrealist artist, he himself was the embodiment of surrealism.
However, Dali did not come to surrealism immediately. The work of Salvador Dali began, first of all, with the study of the techniques of classical academic painting. Dali also tried himself in cubism, he treated the canvases of Pablo Picasso with the greatest reverence. As a consequence, elements of cubism can be traced in some of his surrealist works. The work of Salvador Dali was also greatly influenced by the painting of the Renaissance. He said many times that contemporary artists nothing compared to the titans of the past (however, who would doubt it). But when he began to write in the style of surrealism, he became his love almost until the end of his life. Only at the end of his life did Dali move away from surrealism and return to more realistic painting.
Salvador Dali can be safely attributed to the classics of surrealism. Moreover, Dali's expression "surrealism is me" in the modern world has become true in the eyes of millions. Ask any person on the street who they associate with the word surrealism - almost anyone will answer without hesitation: Salvador Dali!
His name is familiar even to those who do not fully understand the meaning and philosophy of surrealism, even to those who are not interested in painting. Salvador Dali had a rare ability to shock others, he was the hero of the lion's share of secular conversations of his era, everyone spoke about him, from the bourgeois to the proletariat. He was, perhaps, best actor of artists, and if the word PR existed then, then Dali could safely be called a PR genius, both black and white. However, it is foolish to talk about what Dali was like, if you really want to understand it - just take a look at his paintings, which are the embodiment of his extravagant personality; genius, weird, crazy and beautiful.
Nuclear mysticism
After World War II, humanity entered a new phase of existence. One of the most damaging and at the same time stimulating factors was the use of the United States nuclear bomb when the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed on August 6 and 9, 1945. Of course, from a moral and ethical point of view, this event was a shame for the civilized world, but there was another side - the transition to a fundamentally new level of scientific and technical thought. At the same time, religious motives became more pronounced in Western European and American life.
Especially deeply new trends have penetrated into the environment creative elite and intelligentsia. One of the most sensitive tragic events creators was Salvador Dali. Due to his psycho-emotional features, he rather sharply perceived this universal human catastrophe and, against the background of the specifics of his art, developed his own artistic manifesto. This marked new period in his life and work, which lasted from 1949 to 1966, under the name "nuclear mysticism".
The first signs of "nuclear mysticism" appeared in the work " Atomic Leda”, where he performed in synthesis with ancient mythology. So, after arriving from America for Dali, the theme of Christianity became the main one. Probably the first in the series of works can be considered the Madonna of Port Lligata written in 1949. In it, he tried to approach the aesthetic criteria of the Renaissance. In November of the same year, he made a visit to Rome, where, at an audience with Pope Pius XII, he presented his canvas to the pontiff. According to eyewitnesses, the Pope was not too impressed by the similarity of the Mother of God with Gala, because the church at that time headed for renewal.
Thereafter significant event Dali came up with the idea of a new painting - "Christ San Juan de la Cruz", for the creation of which he took as a basis the drawing of the Crucifixion, the creation of which was attributed to the saint himself. On the big picture Jesus was depicted over the bay of Port Lligata, the view of which was opened from the terrace of the artist's house. Later, this landscape was repeatedly repeated in the paintings of Dali in the 50s. And already in April 1951, Dali published the Mystical Manifesto, in which he proclaimed the principle of paranoid-critical mysticism. El Salvador was absolutely convinced of the decline of modern art, which, in his opinion, was due to skepticism and a lack of faith. Paranoid-critical mysticism itself, according to the master, was based on amazing successes modern science and the "metaphysical spirituality" of quantum mechanics.
With the help of his paintings, Dali tried to show the presence of a Christian and mystical beginning in the atom. He considered the world of physics to be more transcendent than psychology, and quantum physics greatest discovery XX century. In general, the period of the 50s became for the artist a period of intellectual and spiritual search, which gave him the opportunity to combine two opposite principles - science and religion.
Paintings by Salvador Dali
The paintings of Salvador Dali are one of the brightest examples of the embodiment of the manifesto of surrealism, the very freedom of the spirit, bordering on madness. Uncertainty, chaotic forms, the connection of reality with dreams, the connection of thoughtful images with delusional ideas from the very depths of the subconscious, the combination of the impossible with the possible, this is what Salvador Dali's paintings are. And with all this, with all the enormity of the work of Salvador Dali, it has an inexplicable appeal, even the emotions that arise when viewing paintings by Salvador Dali, it would seem that they simply cannot exist together. It's scary to even think what can go on in the head of a person capable of painting such canvases. One thing is clear - what was not there was the dullness of monotonous everyday life.
But already too much crap has been written, painting speaks better than any words. Enjoy.
"Atomic Leda"
Today, the painting "Atomic Leda" can be seen at the Salvador Dali Theater Museum in Figueres. The author of the canvas, as strange as it sounds, was inspired to write the discovery of the atom and reset atomic bombs on the Japanese islands in 1945. The terrifying destructive power of the atom did not frighten the artist at all. Information about elementary particles, never touching each other and, along with this, forming the surrounding reality and objects around, became a new source of the master's creativity and the key plots of the paintings. Moreover, Dali, who did not tolerate any kind of touch, saw in the principle of the structure of the world a special symbolism for himself.
Atomic Leda was written in 1949. The picture is based on the ancient Greek myth of Leda, the ruler of Sparta, and Zeus, the god of all the gods of Olympus, who fell in love with the queen and appeared to her in the guise of a swan. After that, the queen laid an egg, from which three children hatched - Helen of Troy and the twin brothers Castor and Pollux. With Castor, the master identified his older brother, who died before his birth.
Two more important objects in the picture are the square and the book. A square and a ruler, in the form of a shadow, are essential tools used in geometry. They also indicate a mathematical calculation, and in the sketches of the artist, the proportions of the pentagram, called the "golden section", can be traced. In these calculations, Dali was assisted by the famous Romanian mathematician - Matila Ghica. The book, according to many assumptions, is a bible and an indication of the artist's return to the Catholic Church.
The background of the picture is the land and the sea, like all parts of the picture, not in contact with each other. Salvador Dali interpreted this moment using the example of one of the sketches, explaining that in this way he sees the projection into reality of the origin of the “divine and animal”. The rocks on the sides of the picture are part of the Catalan coast, where the artist was born and raised. It is known that when Dali worked on the canvas, he was in California, so the longing for his native landscapes splashed out in the pictures of the creator.
"The Face of War"
Salvador Dali could not see how the Nazi troops break into his native France. He left for the USA with his wife, leaving his favorite places, realizing with pain and bitterness that everything would be destroyed and broken.
The horror of war, fear, bloodshed overwhelmed the mind of the artist. Everything that was sweet and dear for many years was trampled, burned and torn to pieces in an instant. It seemed that all dreams, all plans were buried alive under the fascist boot.
In the USA, Dali was waiting for success, recognition, his life there was very happy and eventful, but then, when the artist was sailing on the ship, leaving France, he did not know this yet. Each of his nerves was taut, like a string, emotions demanded an outlet, and, right there, on the steamer, Dali proceeded to his painting “The Face of War” (1940).
This time he deviated from his usual manner, the picture was written extremely simply and intelligibly. She screamed, she burst into consciousness, she fettered with horror all who contemplated her. Eye sockets and twisted mouth repeat this nightmare many times. Skulls, skulls, skulls, and even inhuman horror - that's all that war brings to everyone who gets in its way. Next to the war there is no life, and in itself it is nightmarish and dead.
Numerous snakes are born from the head and eat it. They look more like vile worms, but their mouths are open and it seems that even now their evil hiss is heard. The viewer of the picture is not an outside observer, he seems to be here, only looking at the nightmarish face from the cave. This feeling is reinforced by the trace of the hand in the corner of the picture.
Dali, as if, wants to call for reason - now, when you are under cover, in a cave, think about whether it is worth going to where there is only a lifeless mask of death, is it worth starting wars that devour their own starters, who bring endless suffering and are doomed to terrible death.
"A dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate"
The famous masterpiece of the outrageous surrealist Dali, created in 1944 and inspired by Freudian psychoanalysis, can be briefly called "Dream". Thus, Freud's large-scale work on the theory of dreams proved to be useful not only in the field of scientific psychology and psychiatry, but also served as the brightest inspiration for adherents of surrealism. It must be said that the psychoanalyst himself did not recognize this work, but one cannot deny the uniqueness of these paintings and the presence of many fans of such art.
Dreams can last for seconds, while creating the impression of a holistic performance in the arena of the unconscious. Freudianism insists on the possibility of external stimuli "penetrating" into a dream, while transforming into various symbolic images. So, on the canvas of Salvador Dali, a naked model (Gala's wife) and a small pomegranate with a bee soaring above it are in focus. These are the objects real world. The other drawings of the composition are the product of sleep. The vast sea personifies the unconscious of a person full of deep secrets. Bernini's ghostly elephant on "stilts" conveys the unsteadiness and instability of a sleepy state. A fruit with scarlet berries in a dream becomes enlarged.
The woman's body floats above the rocky plane, which conveys to the audience the possibility of the impossible, familiar in dreams. A little more, and Gala will wake up ... Before us is a blurred moment before her departure to the conscious world from the abysses of the unconscious. Now residents and tourists of Madrid have the opportunity to admire the canvas with their own eyes. The rest of art lovers know the work from the pages of the worldwide network and reproductions.
"Galatea of the Spheres"
All Dali paintings are distinguished by their unusual appeal. I want to carefully consider every corner, so as not to miss a single detail. So it is in his famous and great Galatea of the spheres. Looking at her, one wonders: how did the artist manage to depict a face so skillfully through a combination of spheres? One can only marvel at the perfection and harmony of their fusion. Only a true master can do such a masterpiece.
Salvador Dali painted his picture back in 1952 during the period of nuclear-mystical creativity. At that time, the artist studied various sciences and came across the theory of atoms. This theory impressed Dali so much that he began to write new picture. He depicts the face of his wife from many small spheres of atoms, merging into a single whole corridor. The symmetry of these circles forms a powerful perspective and gives the picture a three-dimensional appearance.
The lips of Galatea are the shadow of a row of balls. The eyes are like two separate small planets. The outlines of the nose, the oval of the face, the ears, the hair seem to break these spheres into separate atoms. Color combinations and contrasts make them appear voluminous, bulging and embossed. As if Galatea is a transparent shell, consisting of color contrasts of many small ideal spheres.
Only some of its elements reflecting the face of Gala, her hair, lips, body are painted in natural colors. The whole composition as a whole fascinates, bewitches the viewer. It gives the impression of moving circles. It is as if Galatea is spinning with the help of each individual living atom.
"Great Masturbator"
The painting, written in 1929 in the style of surrealism, in this moment exhibited at the Reina Sofia Art Center in Madrid (Spain). In the center of the picture is a deformed human face looking down. A similar profile is also shown on more famous painting Dali's The Persistence of Memory (1931). A naked female figure rises from the lower part of the head, reminiscent of the muse of the artist Gala. The woman's mouth reaches out to the male genitals hidden under light clothing, hinting at the upcoming fellatio. male figure depicted only from the waist to the knees with fresh bleeding cuts.
Under human face, on his mouth, sits a locust - an insect in front of which the artist experienced an irrational fear. Along the belly of the locust and central figure ants are crawling - a popular motif in Dali's works - a symbol of corruption. Under the locust, a pair of figures is depicted, casting one common shadow. In the lower left corner of the picture, a lone figure hurriedly retires into the distance. In addition, the canvas also contains an egg (a symbol of fertility), a heap of stones and (under the face of a woman) a calla flower with a phallic pestle.
"Great Masturbator" has great importance to study the personality of the artist, as inspired by his subconscious. The painting reflects Dali's controversial attitude towards sex. In his childhood, Dali's father left a book on the piano with photographs of genitals affected by venereal diseases, which led to the association of sex with decay and averted young Dali from sexual relations for a long time.
"Portrait of Luis Bunuel"
This picture was painted in 1924. It was originally in the collection of Luis Buñuel. It is currently located at the Reina Sofia Art Center in Madrid. Dali met Luis Buñuel at the Royal Academy of Arts in Madrid during his studies in 1922-1926. Buñuel was one of those who greatly influenced El Salvador. Later, Dali took part in the filming of two films by Buñuel: Andalusian Dog (1929) and The Golden Age (1930).
The portrait of Luis Bunuel was painted when the future director was 25 years old. He is depicted as a serious and thoughtful person with a fixed gaze, looking away from the artist and the audience. The picture is made in gloomy colors. Restrained colors create an atmosphere of seriousness and emphasize a thoughtful look.
A remarkable unity has been achieved in this masterpiece by Dali. active form and concentrated psychological characteristics. A magnificently written face is instantly recognizable, just as the features of a mature person are immediately "grabbed" individual style Dali, the ability of the artist to strict self-control in the choice of pictorial means.
"Melancholy"
Salvador Dali was a genius (perhaps a little crazy, but this is generally characteristic of geniuses who were ahead of their time) - even those in whose hearts his paintings do not find a response agree with this.
After all, these paintings, even more than any other art, must be understood with the heart, the center of the soul, which hurts, pulls, knocks and beats. After all, even having understood with the brain that the artist meant this, achieved this and generally protested against the Second World War and discrimination, for example, blacks, it will not work to fall in love with the paintings. They need to be felt. Feel the freedom beating in them - they are boundless, despite the fact that they are limited by the narrow space of the canvas.
So "Melancholia" is full of desert that stretches from end to end. The mountains on the horizon do not limit it, on the contrary, they seem to help to grow even more, to expand even more. Clouds twisting into strange shapes expand the sky. Faceless cupid angels are hooligans, one of them plays the lyre. The table, with carved posts, like a bed, looks almost ridiculous in the desert, and tramples all the laws of human perception. A man with an empty face looks into the distance bored and silent.
The whole picture resonates in the soul - melancholy, the wind in the desert, the chime of the strings on the lute - but does not resonate in the brain, because the brain cannot feel it, for this there is a heart.
"Geopolitical Baby Watching the Birth of a New Man"
The difficult period of the Second World War, the artist spent in America. His beloved Spain was in the very center of bloody events, and, of course, worries about the fate of mankind resonated in the soul of a genius. The picture was painted in 1943, at the height of hostilities in Europe. In the center is a huge egg symbolizing the planet. A crack passes through it and a hand can be seen firmly clinging to the shell. The outlines inside, they say what kind of torment, experiencing New person, and a drop of blood falls on a white cloth spread under the planet. In the right corner stands a woman with her hair blowing in the wind and bare breasts, pointing out to the baby, hugging her knees, the complex action of the birth of a new consciousness of humanity. The universe is depicted as a desert, where lonely silhouettes are visible. Written in yellow-brown tones, symbolizing the sick state the world is in.
"The Persistence of Memory"
inspiration for one of the best works Salvador Dali became piece of Camembert cheese. A deserted beach with a quiet expanse of water has become unconscious of a person. On the bough of a broken tree hang a molten clock that mimics the shape of cheese. In the center lies a bizarrely shaped creature, in which you can see closed eyelids with long eyelashes, on which there are also soft watch. A kind of idea of time, which slowly flows into the safe haven of human consciousness.
"Invisible Man"
At the heart of the human shape, which is lost in his fantasies and imagination. The author has created a work of striking depth, the boundaries are blurred, and the space becomes cosmically infinite. The same feeling is transmitted due to the connection of time periods in the history of mankind. Antiquity and the Middle Ages remained by means of columns and architecture, modernity is represented by clear forms of cubism. The picture contains many images understandable only to the artist. In The Invisible Man, Salvador Dali's fascination with Freud's theories is visible.
"Crucifixion"
On the chessboard in the left corner stands a woman in Renaissance clothes, in front of the sea surface of the water. The gaze of the woman, in whom the artist's wife is recognizable, is directed upwards, where Jesus Christ is crucified. The face is not visible, the head is thrown back, the body is stretched out like a string, the fingers are bent in a painful spasm. geometric shapes the cube and the perfection of the young body merge and at the same time become antipodes. The cold surface of the crucifixion is human indifference and cruelty, on which love and kindness die.
Activities outside of painting
- In addition to painting, Dali's ebullient nature also found its expression in other areas of art: sculpture, photography, and cinema, which at the beginning of the 20th century was considered the most magical and promising of the arts.
- Dali visits America, where he meets and befriends the famous cartoonist Walt Disney and even draws a little for cartoons.
- Willingly removed in advertising, however commercials with his participation come out too eccentric and outrageous. A chocolate commercial will be remembered for a long time, where Dali bites off a piece of chocolate, after which his mustache curls, and he says in a euphoric voice that he just went crazy from this chocolate.
- The creative heritage of Salvador Dali is simply huge: a bunch of amazing pictures, each of which costs at least millions of dollars.
- The artist died in 1989, but his paintings will live forever, surprising us and more than one generation of our descendants with their mysterious, crazy, eccentric beauty and genius.
