When hip hop was born. History of hip-hop culture

Pähklimäe Gymnasium

Exam work in music

Abstract on the topic: “Hip-hop culture and its development.”

Teacher: Isakhanyan L.A.

Student: Stolfat A.

1 -Introduction

2 -General information

3 -Etymology

4 -Hip hop music

4.1 – Directions of hip-hop

4.2 -1970s

4.3 -1980s

4.4 -1990s

4.5 -2000s

5 -Aesthetics of subculture

6 -Russian hip-hop

7 - Performers from Russia

9 -Conclusion

1. Introduction

Sitting at home and looking at the rainy weather outside the window, relaxing with friends on a sunny summer day or just walking along the streets of the city, with an automatic movement of your hand you take out the headphones from your pocket and insert them into your ears. At that very moment, such a familiar and native beat reaches the eardrums. After a couple of seconds of listening, you will recognize the familiar details that are inherent in this or that beatmaker and these details do not go unnoticed just because even the heart at that moment beats in time with the beat. no matter the performer, everyone contributes to the decoration of the beat making the song more interesting.

Even the city noise cannot drown out the music playing on the tape recorder in the yard. Sheets of thin plywood carefully glued with adhesive tape sag under the weight of the body. The laconic movements of the dancer give the music a special emphasis because of which it is difficult to take your eyes off all sorts of interweaving of body parts called dance. All this and not only are components for the phrase - Hip-hop culture.

This topic was chosen by me not by chance, because just for me the bit heard in the headphones is native, it is I who cannot take my eyes off the movement of a hip-hop dancer, and I am imbued with all the details that are happening in this culture. Today's modern society there is a double opinion on hip-hop culture and this essay is a kind of digression into various temporal degrees of development of hip-hop culture so that every reader or listener has the opportunity to make a choice for himself in the direction of this culture or vice versa.

2. general information

hip ho ì P(English) hip hop) is a cultural movement that originated in the working class environment of New York in the late 1970s. DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first to identify the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge. Other elements include beatboxing, hip- hop fashion and slang.

Originating in the South Bronx, in the 1980s, hip-hop became part of youth culture in many countries of the world. Since the late 1990s, from a street underground with a sharply social orientation, hip-hop gradually turned into a part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade present century the subculture has become "fashionable", "mainstream". However, despite this, within the hip-hop culture, many figures still continue its "main line" - a protest against inequality and injustice, opposition to those in power.

3. Etymology

The word "hip" was used in African American English (AAVE) as early as 1898 and meant moving parts. human body. And the word "hop" is actually a movement (jump) in the case of "hip hop!". However, "hip" also means "getting smart" or "getting up in something", while "hop" is movement. So all together it means mental movement.

Rapper Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins, with Grandmaster Flash and the The Furious Five were credited with starting "hip hop" in 1978 when they teased friends who were drafted into the military. They sang in a jazzy manner the words: "-hip/ hop/ hip/ hop", thereby imitating the rhythm of the marching soldiers. Cowboy later developed a "hip-hop" rhythm in part of his stage performance. The group mainly performed with disco artists who referred to this new type of MC/DJ-produced music, calling them "those hip-hoppers". The name originally meant a sign of disrespect, but soon switched to refer to this new music and culture.

4. Hip-hop music

Hip-hop music consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly defined rhymes) and a rhythm set by a DJ, although compositions without vocals are not uncommon. In this combination, rap performers call themselves " MC" (eng. MC - Master of Ceremony). Some MCs turn their lyrics into real intricate riddles (for example, Ghostface Killa says that he deliberately tries to compose such rhymes so that no one but him understands what is at stake). The task of one or more DJs includes programming the rhythm on a drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass parts and synthesizers), manipulating vinyl records and sometimes "beatboxing" (vocal imitation of the beat of a drum machine).

Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful types of modern entertainment music and is stylistically represented by many directions within the genre.

Hip-hop, as such, is divided into many directions. Each direction is quite independent and carries its own meaning. Hip-hop is different and individual for everyone. Let's say two people consider themselves part of the hip-hop culture. One madly loves to spin on his head, and the second to draw inscriptions on the neighbor's fence with his father's car enamel in spray cans. They have almost nothing in common, except for a common cultural hip-hop component. It has three main areas:

· Rap, Funk, Beatbox (musical)

Breakdance, Crump, C-Walk, waving (dance)

Graffiti (pictorial)

A person who considers himself a member of the hip-hop subculture can engage in rap, graffiti, and breakdance at the same time.

4.2 1970s

Hip-hop originated in the African American and Hispanic environment of the Bronx, a New York area, in the first half of the 1970s. At the time, it was party music created by disc jockeys (called "DJs" for short), who worked in a then extremely primitive sampling technique: it often came down to repeating the musical performance of someone else's dance composition. The first MCs were literally typical entertainers ("Master of Ceremony" - that is, abbreviated to MC; this abbreviation then absorbed many other meanings), they introduced DJs, and also maintained the audience's attention with energetic exclamations and whole tirades. (It should be noted that in Jamaica, a similar manner of performance was developed at the turn of the 1960s-1970s thanks to the emerging dub technique.)

The popularity of the music at these parties led local DJs to sell their hands on cassettes of live "sets" (performance programs) that skillfully mixed rhythms and bass parts taken from disco and funk songs over which MCs rapped. It was a purely amateur occupation, and during that period (1974-1978) there were no studios and official releases of rap records.

The situation changes dramatically when the single "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang is released in the US in the early autumn of 1979 and makes a sensation in the American popular music market. The single is considered rap's first recording, despite the fact that several more slightly older songs dispute the glory of superiority; however, it was thanks to this 11-minute composition that the American public and the media became aware of such a phenomenon as hip-hop, however, despite the popularity of the song (the single sold 8 million copies), the majority agreed that it was a musical joke, from which will do nothing further. The song was written by a Negro group, assembled almost by accident the day before the recording. The rhythm (classic disco) and bass line were taken from Chic's then-hit "Good Times", overdubbed with a rap performed by three MCs. One of the advantages of the composition is that already in this first rap in 1979, typical rhymes were given, as well as the fundamental themes of hip-hop: the details of everyday life, MC competitions, fussiness and ostentatious vanity.

4.3 1980s

At the very beginning of the 1980s. among rappers, a strong interest arose in European electronic pop music - primarily in Kraftwerk and Gary Newman, widely sampled - technological discoveries of which, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the breakaway of hip- hop from rhythmic addiction to disco and funk. The breakbeat rhythm, combined with the more advanced Jamaican dub technique by that time, brought hip-hop to a new level (see electro). The innovators of early hip-hop were Curtis Blow, Africa Bambata, Grandmaster Flash and Whodini, their recordings from 1980-1984. (now referred to as the "old school of hip-hop") were decisive for the formation of the genre. Music magazine Rolling stone called "The Message" by Grandmaster Flash (1982) the most influential song in the history of hip-hop.

The baton of innovation was picked up by the bands Run DMC, Mantronix, Beastie Boys, each of which brought their discoveries to hip-hop: Run DMC played a minimal drum machine breakbeat, Mantronix received recognition for their revolutionary mixing technique, and the Beastie Boys combined elements of punk rock and rap and became the first white rap group to achieve commercial success. Punk bands also recorded rap compositions, for example, The Clash (their single "The Magnificent Seven" in 1980 was heavily promoted on black radio stations in New York), Blondie (their single "The Rapture" topped the American hit parade in 1982. ).

By the mid-1980s, hip-hop music was no longer focused solely on the party atmosphere, and the next generation of rappers began to develop more serious topics, for example, the socially aggressive rappers of Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment. The musical side of hip-hop also became more complicated: modern stage in its development begins with the release in 1987 of the album "Paid in Full" by the duo Eric B. & Rakim. By the end of the 1980s. rap music reached levels of popularity comparable to rock, country, and pop music, and major music industry institutions such as the Grammy-hosted Academy of Music and the American Music Awards established categories for rap in 1988. This popularity in America was embodied by MC Hammer, Kris Kross and others, who addressed their music to a wider audience, which, in turn, gave impetus to the development of more uncompromising genres in hip-hop.

Since the late 1980s, hip-hop has been fueling the stylistically and technologically modified rhythm and blues (“new jack swing”, “hip-hop soul”) thanks to it.

4.4 1990s

At the turn of the 1990s, with the filing of the NWA, infamous for their defiantly obscene and aggressive lyrics, "gangsta rap" was gaining popularity, reflecting the criminal life of black ghettos. The most influential figure in hip-hop of the decade becomes former member NWA named Dr. Dre; he introduces a new style of g-funk, the most prominent representative of which was his protégé Snoop Dogg. A few years later, the members of the trio The Fugees, with their album "The Score", clearly demonstrated the possibilities for integrating hip-hop with other musical directions - rhythm and blues, reggae and even jazz. They were one of the first hip-hop projects to gain wide popularity outside the United States.

In the mid-1990s, a rivalry broke out between gangsta rappers from the West and East coasts of the United States, which ended in the death of prominent representatives from each of the parties - Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. The tragic outcome of this confrontation gave rise to such a wide discussion in the media. mass media that almost throughout 1997, rappers occupied the top lines of the US charts. This period is characterized by intense commercialization of hip-hop, which is usually associated with the name of Puff Daddy, a rapper who promoted a glamorous lifestyle and built his compositions on a very extensive citation of pop hits from previous decades. At the end of the 20th century, the white rapper Eminem gained fame, who tried to revive the charge of provocation and social protest.

4.5 2000s

In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, hip-hop's most in-demand producers - Scott Storch, The Neptunes, Timbaland - contributed to the further exploration of the funk aesthetic. Hip-hop artists, despite their initial negrocentrism, can be found in most countries of the world, from Argentina to Japan.

In 2004, for the first time in history, the Grammy Award in the most prestigious "supergenre" nomination - "for best album” - was awarded to rap artists - the duo OutKast. In modern hip hop, as in other major styles of popular music, big role played by producers on whom the entire industry depends.

5. Aesthetics of the subculture

Hip-hop was the first music that most fully and distinctively embodied the ideology of modern African American culture. This ideology was built on the antagonism of American white, Anglo-Saxon culture. Over the past decades, its own fashion has also formed, radically different from the traditional fashion of the white population, its own jargon and its own cultivated manner of pronunciation, dance styles, its own graphic art - "graffiti" (images and graffiti on the walls made by aerosol cans or special markers with paint ) and, more recently, also cinema (not necessarily about rappers, but plotting themes from the Negro environment, see the films "Barbershop", "Hustle and Movement", "The Boys Next Door", "Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice on the block"; rappers are also becoming more and more movie actors). Thus, it becomes difficult to draw a clear line between hip-hop proper and modern African-American subculture.

Despite the hip-hop fashion changing every year, in general it has a number of characteristic features. Clothes are usually loose sports style: sneakers and baseball caps (usually with straight peaks) of famous brands (e.g. KIX, New Era, Joker, Tribal, Reebok, Roca Wear, FUBU, Wu-Wear, Sean John, AKADEMIKS, ECKO, Nike, Adidas) t-shirts and basketball jerseys, jackets and sweatshirts with hoods, sock-like hats pulled down over the eyes, baggy pants. Hairstyles are short, although short dreadlocks are also popular. Massive jewelry (chains, medallions, key rings) are popular among rappers themselves, but wearing jewelry is more common among African Americans.

6. Russian hip-hop

The first experiments with rap in Russia apparently date back to 1984, when in Kuibyshev, the disc jockey of the Kanon discotheque, Alexander Astrov, together with the local group Rush Hour, recorded a 25-minute program, which was soon distributed throughout the country in the form of a magnetic album " Rap".

In addition to these experiments, hip-hop in Russia gained popularity, quite widely, in the second half of the 1980s, when the breakdancing craze began. The first Russian-speaking group appeared in 1988, its name is Black and White. Her clips were actively broadcast on television. A year later, the Bad Balance team was formed. This is, without exaggeration, legendary band, whose contribution to the culture is difficult to overestimate. The market of Russian hip-hop, as an industry, was formed only in the late 1990s, which was confirmed by the emergence of many bands of this genre (South, United Caste, Godfather Family, EK Playaz), which also received recognition from the masters at the most authoritative rap-music festival, organized by the same Bad. B. Many of them compared the life of African Americans in the ghetto to the hard times in Russia, most often it was about the harsh 90s. The styles are very similar to Western ones, but Russian hip-hop has a completely different history, more lyrical digressions. Currently, hip-hop has become quite widespread among young people.

7. Performers from Russia

ellipsis

Legalize

· Smoky Mo

G-Style_M.A.F.I.A.

Pencil (My Dream Area)

Via Chappa

・Slaves of the Lamp

Big Black Boots

· God Family

· Keep It Real www.keepitreal.ru

· Other hip hop www.drugoyhiphop.ru

A project about indie hip-hop, dedicated to the activities of non-major labels and their artists. Hip-hop meets jazz.

9. Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that despite the different directions in hip-hop culture, every year there are more and more fans of hip-hop and this culture. All the richness of music, dance and drawing can be heard and seen in any city in the world in various nooks and yards among young people and not only. This essay was aimed at reflecting the history and development of hip-hop culture in our world and in order to possibly interest in the details of the history of this subculture.

Kudryavtseva Alena

Contemporary art involves not so much hedonistic perception as the skills of "reading" information, deciphering it, taking into account the language of art that the artistic image "speaks". Difficult and interesting at the same time is the analysis of dance: firstly, because this type of art is synthetic, and secondly, because it has diverse styles and directions that have not yet been studied by art historians. The author of this work was attracted by the topic precisely because of its novelty, lack of development, and thus the opportunity to have a say in understanding the art of hip-hop dance. According to the author, it is in such genres that the mentality of a young man is revealed, mirroring modern era the interests and aspirations of the youth.

Having studied a limited range of literature on this issue, Alena Kudryavtseva set herself the goal - revealing the characteristic features of hip-hop dance as an independent direction in art.

It should be noted that the student's work was done with high quality, it is distinguished by the depth of the theme, a multi-vector analysis of hip-hop dance in the context of time and in the context of culture. The author successfully introduces elements of art history analysis into abstracting, which convincingly proves the high degree of development of the research topic.

The compositional structure of the work allowed the author to reveal the important components of hip-hop dance: in the first chapter, Alena Kudryavtseva examined the prerequisites for the emergence of this dance style and its musical destiny; the second chapter is devoted directly to the specifics of hip-hop in the art of dance. At the end of the abstract, the author reasonably concludes that “the development and popularization of hip-hop in the art world has long claimed to be an independent style of club dance” (p. 13). This genre has become established in the youth environment. different countries with different cultures, which means that it has universality, affirms new choreographic images - the image of a rapidly developing world, globalization and intensification of human life, has an impact even on an unprepared addressee.
Thus, it can be concluded that such a genre dance art, which artistically masters the world through rhythm, plasticity, is established as an independent, self-sufficient style, a style of high communication and artistic and dramatic power.

The architectonics of the abstract is subject to the idea of ​​scientific research: the consistency of construction, the unity of form and content, well-formed footnotes and references, the list of references convincingly prove this. In the application, the author posted the results of a survey on the topic (the respondents were young people) and a video.

Alena Kudryavtseva managed to combine science with empiricism, strict logic with a detailed analysis of individual dance compositions.

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Municipal educational institution

secondary school №35

the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region

Exam abstract
art

The specifics of hip-hop culture

(on the example of the art of dance)

Kudryavtseva Alena,

9th grade student

Supervisor

Cherkashina Ludmila

Andreevna,

world teacher

artistic culture

Rybinsk

2012

Introduction

XX century. Art is actively developing. One of the emerging areas is dance. Modern dances get a new breath, they have many directions and styles, each of which carries a certain message to the world, reflects the character and lifestyle of people who have chosen this direction.

First of all, it must be said that dance is a synthetic art form (it combines music, choreography, and dramaturgy). synthetic arts- these are such types of artistic creativity, which are an organic fusion or a relatively free combination of different types of art, forming a qualitatively new and unified aesthetic whole. This includes, first of all, the theater (which absorbed literature, acting, painting, music, arts and crafts); also ballet, cinema. This is the trend of modernity, when art ceases to exist in its "pure" form. Indeed, there are many such synthetic arts, but in this work, the object of research will be the culture of hip-hop, and the subject will be dance.

The conditions of life in a big city create the prerequisites for uniting young people in various groups, movements that are a rallying factor that form a collective consciousness in these groups, collective responsibility and common concepts of socio-cultural values. Informal associations and youth movements have certain functions. One of the main ones is the possibility of self-realization, i.e. subjective implementation. To it can be added instrumental, when the group becomes a means to achieve conscious or unconscious results; as well as compensatory, associated with personal dependence and lack of freedom in official structures. The heuristic function expresses the artistic, creative and moral aspirations of young people and is realized in socio-cultural activities.

All this gave rise to the emergence of new directions in which everyone could express themselves, fulfill themselves. Hip-hop is such a trend in culture. Hip-hop is not only a dance, but also a whole culture that includes: rap (music), graffiti, basketball, dance (hip-hop, break dance, house dance). The subject of research is hip-hop dance, andthe goal is to identify the characteristic features of dance as an independent direction in art

This goal required the solution of several tasks:

Study of hip-hop as a subculture of the 20th century;

An exploration of hip-hop music in the context of an entire culture;

Characteristics of dance as one of the elements of hip-hop culture.

Chapter I. Hip-hop - A Culture of Positive Protest

1.1. History of the Hip-hop movement and culture

The history of hip-hop originated in the late 60s of the 20th century and continues to develop to this day. What began more than 30 years ago has become its own movement and culture. Hip-hop culture originated in New York among the black and Latin ghettos. Street culture has existed for centuries in all countries. But in the USA, where there is a ghetto, she had a special isolation from society. And so it spilled onto the streets of the white quarters, and then into the masses - show business, discos, cinema.

Hip-hop culture has been internationally recognized since the 1970s. It is divided into many directions, each of which is quite independent and carries its own meaning. Thus, three main areas can be distinguished:

Musical (Rap, Funk, Beatbox)

Dance (Break dance, Crump, Wave)

Fine (Graffiti)

Despite the fact that hip-hop as a way of life originated a long time ago in various parts of North America, the South Bronx is considered the true homeland - the black ghetto of New York, one of the poorest neighborhoods. But the word hip-hop did not yet exist, it was invented a few years later by the legendary DJ (di- Jay) Africa Bambata, when the grown culture already needed a common name.

Clive Campbell arrived in the South Bronx in 1967 from Jamaica, nicknamed Kool Herc. He is considered one of the founders of hip hop. Kool Herc became what was later called "DJ". He brought with him the Jamaican style, where the main thing was in the leading role of the DJ. In Jamaica the DJ was the link music system around which youth life evolved. He organized parties himself, delivered interesting May Day speeches into the microphone. Soon they began to call him MC ("MC" master of ceremony) - he picked up records, played them, announced them. And when the DJ began, in addition to announcing, to pronounce rhythmic texts to the music, this became known as the word “rap”.

Kool Herk's influence spread with parties like this, and soon he and Africa Bambata were playing at parties all over the Bronx, as well as in Brooklyn and Manhattan. Soon Kool Herk, for the convenience of the dancers, begins to repeat instrumental breaks - the so-called breaks - between verses, during which the dancers came out onto the dance floor and showed their skills. Cool Herc noted the dancers' enthusiasm for such breaks and coined the term "B-Boy" (b-boy), "Breakboys" - for those who move in the manner of a break, and the dance itself was called breaking (breaking). "MC" became synonymous with rap even when not only DJs became rappers, but also performers who could move in a special manner of hip-hop.

In the late 60s of the twentieth century, break existed in the form of two independent dances - the New York acrobatic style, which in Russia was called the "lower break", and the Los Angeles pantomime (upper break). It was the acrobatic style of breaking that was originally played by b-boys in breaks. He became popular after James Brown wrote the funk hit "The Good Foot" in 1969 and performed elements of this dance on stage. This style marked the beginning of dance competitions. In the late 70s, there was an expansion in the influence and geography of hip-hop, first in New York. "Battles" between DJs, competitions of dancers began. Various groups of street dancers became known as break teams who practiced, performed together, and developed their skills.

Having become fashionable, hip-hop went beyond the borders of the United States and covered part of the youth for some period. The interest of young people in hip-hop, both in America and in other countries, most likely began with break dancing, where knowledge of the language was not needed, because the language of movements is universal. And this outlandish way to move caused tremendous interest in the mid-80s, after the release of two films "Breakin" and "Beat Street". Young people began to be imbued with the ideas of break and rap. In the youth environment of many countries, there was a bright outbreak of interest in breakdance and rap. In the second half of the 80s, the hobby turned into a calmer course.

In the mid-80s, rap moved beyond hip-hop culture into the mainstream of the American music industry. Some pop groups have become, to some extent, promoters of hip-hop, seeing something interesting and new there. arose creative collaboration, which contributed to the expansion of the international prominence of hip-hop. During this time, the history of hip-hop continues to develop at a rapid pace.

In Russia, hip-hop gained popularity, rather narrowly, in the second half of the 80s, when the breakdance hobby began, although English-language rap compositions were little known to music lovers. At that time, the pleasure of plunging into hip-hop was not cheap. I had to go abroad for characteristic clothes and for cassettes, which were the only allowance for breakdancing.

Hip-hop culture in Russia is no different from the American one. But the main problem still lies with the quality of performance, music and lyrics. The first Russian-speaking rap artists appeared in the early 1990s, Bogdan Titomir was famous, on the other hand, more underground forms of Russian hip-hop were not successful. The market of Russian hip-hop, as an industry, was formed only in the late 1990s, which was confirmed by the emergence of many groups of this genre (Casta, Legal Business, Dots). In 1999, the global revival of breakdance contributed to its re-revival in Russia as well.

More than 30 years since hip hop's rise and fall, there is no sign of the culture's decline. And looking ahead, we can say with certainty that the future of this culture is bright, since many pages in the history of hip-hop have not yet been written.

Today, hip-hop is the most fashionable and popular trend in youth culture. This style absorbed African American street philosophy, elements of funk, bye, break, jazz. Hip-hop is a symbol of modern youth culture that will always remain relevant. Energy, emotions, passion, inspiration and freedom - this is what the youth of the third millennium appreciates. All this gives hip-hop. Hip-hop is an opportunity to express your emotions, feelings and aspirations.

1.2. Hip-hop music

Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful types of modern entertainment music and is stylistically represented by many directions within the genre. Hip-hop was the first music that most fully and distinctively embodied the ideology of modern African American culture. This ideology was built on the antagonism of American white Anglo-Saxon culture.

Hip-hop music consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly marked rhymes) and a rhythm set by a DJ; at the same time, compositions without are not uncommon. The task of one or more DJs includes programming rhythm on a drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass and synthesizer parts), manipulating vinyl records, and sometimes “beatboxing” (vocal imitation of a drum machine rhythm). On stage, musicians are often accompanied by a dance ensemble.

At the very beginning of the 1980s. among rappers, a strong interest arose in European electronic pop music - first of all, in Kraftwerk and Gray Newman, whose technological discoveries, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the separation of hip-hop from rhythmic dependence from disco and funk.

In the mid-1980s, hip-hop music moved away from focusing exclusively on party vibes, and the next generation of rappers began to develop more serious themes. For example, the socially aggressive rappers Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment.

By the end of the 1980s. rap music has reached a level of popularity comparable to rock, country and pop music. In addition, major music industry institutions such as the American Recording Academy, which manages the Grays, and the American Music Awards in 1988 established categories for rap.

In 2004, for the first time in history, the Grammy Award in the most prestigious "supergenre" nomination - "for the best album" - was awarded to rap artists - the duo OutKast. In modern hip-hop, as in other major styles of popular music, producers play a big role, on which all information depends.

In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, the most sought-after hip-hop producers - Scott Stojach, Timberleand - contributed to the further development of the funk aesthetic. Hip-hop artists, despite their initial egocentricity, can be found in most countries of the world, from Argentina to Japan.

To date, the most popular rap artists in the world are Eminem, KanyeWest, OutKast. And if we talk about Russian performers, then these are Noize MC, Guf, Noggano, Loc-

rapper Eminem Rapper Goof

Chapter 2

2.1. Specificity of Hip-hop in the art of dance

Modern scientists have already proven that the movements of a dancing person can tell a lot about him. The dance unconsciously reflects the personality of a person, and if you look closely, you can tell a lot about the character of the dancer, his habits, fears, features of interaction with different people and with himself, his fantasies, attitude towards himself and the world, and much more.

The main characteristics of the dance are:

Rhythm is a relatively fast or relatively slow repetition and variation of basic movements.

Drawing - a combination of movements in the composition; dynamics - variation in the scope and intensity of movements;

Technique - the degree of mastery of the body and mastery in the implementation of basic steps and positions. In many dances, gestures are also of great importance, especially hand movements.

Hip-hop dance is not folk, not classical, not techno dance - it is a separate broad direction of dance art. Hip-hop dance can be divided into two main types: old school (old school - old school of hip hop) and new style (new style - new school of hip hop). The old school (old school) includes popping, locking and break dancing. Popping, in turn, is divided into bogalo, electric bogalo, tetris, wave, robot and popcorn.

The 90s saw the emergence of a new form of hip hop that incorporates movements from old school styles: popping, locking, breaking.- dancing (but more focused on footwork, as opposed to acrobatic style), as well as from many other styles. Later, people began to define this style as a new school. Gradually, penetrating into pop culture, absorbing all the new elements and styles, transforming, hip-hop becomes the leading dance direction and stands out in a separate direction - new-style hip-hop. Hip-hop is permeating pop culture like never before: in the movements that famous stars (Timberland, Jennifer Lopez, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé) and their dancers do in videos and on stage, there is a little of this style, a little of that style, a little of that - and all this together is a comprehensive, diverse, always stylish hip-hop new style.

Hip-hop dance is a unique phenomenon of modern dance culture in which the rules and restrictions are blurred. A striking feature of this dance direction is its character, the acting component. Dance, its performance, first of all, must show best qualities performer in the form of a dance confrontation, sometimes even a little aggressively. Self-confidence, self-affirmation do not allow sentimentality and affectation, hip-hop dances are for self-confident people. But one cannot assume that hip-hop dances are aggressive, "evil" in their essence. The main goal of the dancer is to win the sympathy of the viewer and therefore hip-hop is positive and kind.

The "ancestor" of dance hip-hop is African jazz (in translation - "improvisation"). Through dance, people expressed their feelings and desires. Young boys and girls strove to show themselves in the best light with the help of dance and attract the opposite sex. Hence a lot of hip movement and sex-attractive movement. As in Afro-jazz, there is a certain “relaxation” in hip-hop, the movements seem to be turned to the floor. This is explained by the fact that among the African peoples God is in the earth, and not in heaven. Therefore, they worship him, turning to the earth. Hence the low landing of the body and always slightly relaxed knees in the dance. The first musical accompaniment was drums or tom-toms, so hip-hop later received a good rhythmic basis. Over time, hip-hop has evolved and improved. The main elements of the technique of this style are the “pump” of the body, jumps, falls, rotations and light acrobatic movements. Hip-hop is a very dynamic dance style that combines accents separate parts body (head, arms and legs). That is why everything is free in hip-hop, from movements to clothes.

2.2. Dance battle (battle) like distinguishing feature hip-hop

What makes hip hop different from other dances? This, of course, is his improvisation and dance battles. For some, hip-hop has become a hobby, while for others it has become a way of life: a way to be active, to be in good physical shape, to participate in competitions (battles) and a way to earn a living by dancing. Hip-hop dance moves have become very popular among young people dancing in clubs and parties, because on the dance floor you can throw out all your emotions, express yourself, because hip-hop is an incredible combination of dance styles: from aggressive crump to playful jazz funk.

An important feature of street dancing, including hip-hop, is a special form of competition - battles (from the English battle - battle). The main action takes place in a free circle on the dance floor or on a special stage: individual dancers, couples or groups of people, in hip-hop jargon called gangs, compete with each other in a dance, and a group of judges (usually these are people who have achieved respect in the group and success in street dancing) or watching spectators determine the winners. As a rule, the dance is an improvisation. Improvisation is a combination of conscious choice and spontaneous reaction. It includes periods of uninterrupted concentration and amazing moments of magic that will never be repeated. By responding to the imagination, intellect, style, and energy of each individual, dancers find ways to break through patterns of thought and movement that have limited them. Improvisation is the main component of any battle, if the dance is not a pair dance, then one dancer performs at a time, except when members of the same team show a pre-rehearsed dance. Despite the fact that the fights are based on improvisation, the participants often use dances and movements prepared in advance, this is called synchronisms or routines, but in this type of fights this is not very welcome, since it is difficult to understand in the prepared choreography what the dancer is really doing, but on the other hand, various, unexpected paired movements-chips are very important. The winner is most often the one who is the best at adapting to the environment, music and rivals. An important element of the fights is the respectful attitude of the dancer to the opponent. The transition from the sensations of a fight to a showdown, as a rule, is not welcome.

Recently, serious street dance competitions have become widespread and several annual major international competitions are held in different parts of the world. the globe, such as Juste Debout (France) and Battle of the Year (Moscow).

Juste Debout Battle of the Year

Most of the programs of these events consist of battles, but they also include rehearsed performances. Juste Debout is an annual top street dance style competition taking place in France. Battles are held in four styles: hip-hop, new-style, house and popping. It should be added that there is a fifth category - experimental dance.

The battles themselves take place in teams: two by two. Each dancer must enter the ring twice, that is, in total, 8 exits are obtained. The great thing is that the dancers don't know in advance what kind of music the DJs will put on, so they have to improvise.

Over time, hip hop though, like other dance styles, evolves and improves. Today, hip hop sports dance has become one of the most popular and spectacular dance styles. The outburst of the dancers' emotions, the relaxation of the dance, combined with professionalism and good dance training make this style extraordinarily beautiful, and perhaps the best sports dance. Every year this style develops along the lines of complication, increase in speed and choreography.

Modern competitive hip-hop today is a bright, exciting spectacle and is the most popular dance direction in the world, which hosts World Championships and World Cups. Hip-hop is currently the leading dance direction in Western and Russian dance culture and pop music, this style contemporary dance gained immense popularity all over the world.

Development street dance does not stand still, and today new styles and trends are emerging, the basis of which is hip-hop dance. Hip-hop music has a great influence on new styles, as an example, the krumping style, which has recently gained wide popularity, is mainly focused on energetic movements and fights. Crump dance - unique, unparalleled developed from the dancing clowns of South Central Los Angeles, organized by famous clown Tommy. To this day, krump, completely separated from clowning, is a form of dance with many techniques and, contrary to popular belief, does not involve the use of clown makeup. Crumpdance was created by Tight Eyes as a mix of West Coast styles (popping, waving) borrowed from pop idol Michael Jackson. This style has a religious connotation: it is not only an outburst of emotions, but also a kind of dialogue with God, similar to the traditional dances of African cultures. Due to its emotional originality, krump dance is technically quite complicated and is based on the perfect execution of small isolated movements, shaking, body drops and tilts, throws with hands and complex fixations.

2.3. The popularity of hip-hop culture today (questionnaire analysis)

In our school, a survey was conducted among students in grades 8-10 about what is the popularity of hip-hop dance these days. The students were asked a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions:

1. Do you know hip-hop dance style?

2. What is your attitude towards hip-hop (positively or negatively)?

3. Do you think this style is popular?

4. Do you think hip-hop can be used in other fields? except for the dance.

5. Would you like to learn how to dance hip - hop?

6. Do you know the country - the ancestor of hip - hop?

7. Do you have something against hip-hop?

8. How old are you?

Questionnaire analysis

For 1 question - the answers are positive (36), negative (2), abstained (0);

Question 2 - answers positively (26), negatively (10), abstained (2);

Question 3 - answered positively (25), negatively (12), abstained (1);

Question 4 - answered positively (7), negatively (29), abstained (2);

For question 5 - the answers are positive (24), I am already studying (3), negative (5) abstained (6);

For question 6 - the answers are positive (25), negative (13);

Question 7 - answered positively (0), negatively (30), abstained (8);

8. The age of the respondents is from 13 to 16 years.

A total of 38 were interviewed students.

Based on the questionnaire, we can conclude that the hypothesis that the popularity of this dance today is confirmed. Hip-hop is really hard to remain indifferent.

Chapter 3. Artistic analysis of dance programs.

3.1. Modern dance studio "Reaction"

1 . Training in the hall. Choreographer Vladimir Studenovsky.

2. Chris Brawn "Kiss Kiss" (remix)

3. Genre - hip-hop

4. There are basic movements in the dance: swing and elementary steps, somewhere elements of R&B. High jumps are replaced by low slips above the floor, clearly defined and sharp movements change undulating and slow ones.

5. The main thing, both in hip-hop and in this dance, is half-bent soft legs and a plastic body, which create the illusion of relaxation, and at the same time, strength elements, who betray dance dynamism and expressiveness. Emotions are vaguely expressed, as the video shows a workout.

6. M The music in everything corresponds to the dance style (hip-hop). Movements look much more effective due to various transitions and accents in the music. Dance groups often choose compositions by foreign artist Chris Brawn.

3.2. JabbaWockeez is a male dance group.

1 . Performance at the world competition. Choreographer unknown.

2. Mixing of music is used, the so-called "slicing"

3. Robot style

4. The team consists of eleven members, all American men. They carefully hide their faces under the white masks that have become the symbol of the JabbaWockeez dance team. But why do they hide their faces behind masks? Not because they are afraid of something, but so that the viewer does not look at the dancer himself, but at the dance. Plasticity, elegance and incredible beauty of movements fascinate. I think this performance of dancers can gather thousands, millions of spectators. And their videos on the Internet are very popular, the number of views is growing every day.

5. The distinctive attributes of JabbaWockeeZ, as I said, are a simple white Kabuki mask, gloves, as well as an amazing synchronized dance performance.

Self-confidence, a kind of aggressiveness do not allow sentimentality and affectation, but their style can not be called aggressive. Their main goal is to win the sympathy of the audience, and therefore their dance is positive and leaves behind only positive emotions and sets the viewer in a good mood.

Through this dance, they express their feelings, although the viewer, thanks to the veil of a certain mystery (after all, we do not see their faces and hands during the dance), has the opportunity to see, feel, think of something of their own, thereby becoming closer to them. In this style there is a certain relaxation, negligence, low landing of the body and relaxed knees in the dance. Their movements are mesmerizing and enthralling. There is something unusual, magical and even mystical in them, which allows you to enjoy watching their dance, which cannot be confused with any other.

6. The music they have chosen for their composition is the finishing touch to their unusual and mesmerizing performance. So harmoniously build the most unusual composition from the bodies of the dancers to the music so suitable for their performance is a real art.

7. Despite the fact that the faces of the dancers are hidden behind masks, their emotional transmission is incredibly strong, the tireless energy is preserved until the end of the dance.And to perform a dance choreographed with such high quality is the greatest art for any dancer!

Thus, it can be stated that hip-hop dance has its own choreographic image, which is distinguished by special expression, bright expressiveness of plasticity and characteristic rhythms of club dance.

Conclusion

The craving for aesthetics in people is not just the satisfaction of curiosity. Aesthetic development of personality is an important sign of general development. Without beauty as a phenomenon, without art with its immense content, a huge, bright world lofty thoughts and feelings. And the person is devastated, poor. Dance plays a special role in the spiritual development of a person, as it combines several images: musical, kinetic, plastic, choreographic.
The desire of a person to bring something new to this genre of art is associated both with the possibility of self-realization and with the development of the dance genre itself.

The development and popularization of hip-hop in the art world has long claimed an independent style of club dance. Firstly, this genre has established itself in the youth environment of different countries with different cultures, which means that it hasversatility.

Secondly , exploration of the world in plastic images is able to assertnew choreographic images- an image of a rapidly developing world, globalization and intensification of human life. Hip-hop is able to "tell" about the impulses of the human soul in a complex and multifaceted material world.

Thirdly, it is known that the spiritual world of a person strives for harmony, hip-hop dance is capable ofmake an impactto an unprepared addressee, inspire life-affirming feelings, depict a conflict and show ways out of it.
Thus, we can conclude that such a genre of dance art, which artistically masters the world through rhythm, plasticity, is established as an independent, self-sufficient style, a style of high communication and artistic and dramatic power.

Electronic resources:

7. http://www.coolreferat.com/Modern_dance_as_a_means_of_external_and_internal_harmonization_

8. http://jabba-wockeez.ru/jabbawockeez/

9. http://jabba-wockeez.ru/jabbawockeez-info/

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Nowadays, completely new, original, fashionable styles of dance often appear, but the relevance of hip-hop as a cultural trend has not yet passed.

The main elements are a variety of jumps, tricks, falls, as well as simply complex movements that cannot be performed the first time. All this merges into a single, harmonious ensemble under rhythmic unobtrusive melodies.

Hip-hop is considered one of the most natural styles of dance, because the rhythm of the beat resembles a beat. human heart, and the movements themselves, despite the complexity of execution, are quite simple, one might say everyday. We perform them hundreds of times a day, but in a simple form, not the "exaggerated" one that is characteristic of the hip-hop dance direction.

The history of the emergence of hip-hop as a cultural feature of the "bad" areas

The birthplace of hip-hop was the United States, and the first dancers were African Americans. In the South Bronx - the most dangerous and disadvantaged area of ​​New York in the 67th year of the last century, Kool-Herk arrived, who became the founder of this culture. His main merit is that at the parties he organized, he tried to "give out" recitative to the sounds coming from the records. After some time, this phenomenon got its name - "Rap". Sometimes, the performer made small “breaks” in the music, thanks to which the dancers could show everyone their skills and make several movements from which, subsequently, the direction of hip-hop turned out.

Already in the 70s of the last century, the dance became really popular, and thanks to DJ Bambaattea Africa got a name that immediately took root, and is now known in every corner of the globe - "Hip-Hop".

In the 80-90s, this style actively "gained momentum", and the 21st century was marked by a new round of popularity, which has not subsided to this day.

Thus, we can conclude that the last 40 years have been a period of development during which hip-hop has evolved from the usual subculture of the "bad" areas of America, to the world famous style music and dance, which has millions of connoisseurs and loyal fans around the world.

Fundamentals of technology

The leading movements in hip-hop are:

* jumping;
* "kach" body;
* rotation;
* fall;
* jumping;
* acrobatic lunges.

The style is very active, energetic and dynamic. It involves focusing on a specific part of the body (legs, arms, head). One of the most known varieties hip hop is trip-hop. Initially, these concepts were applied to a style of electronic music that, it would seem, is absolutely not suitable for dancing. However, in 1994, a direction appeared, which began to be called "dance on a chair." Slow, slightly depressing music, gloomy lyrics, broken rhythm - you will agree, not quite suitable accompaniment for dancing, however, these days this style is very popular in America.

Hip-hop is one of the most accessible, famous and vibrant styles of modern dance. It has become truly iconic and has emerged from the “gateway” into the big world, having formed its own layer of culture, which includes not only the dance itself, but also music, clothing style, bright graffiti and much more. If you follow the rules, then you need to dance hip-hop on the 8th note with a characteristic bounce, and build a plot, at the very beginning, from a variety of jumps and turns. Usually, it is performed to rap music, and contains all the best elements of another, no less famous and popular style- breakdance, or rather, the "upper" part of it - locking, popping, etc.

From year to year, the movements become more and more difficult - the speed increases, the choreography becomes more complicated and today hip-hop can no longer be called just a hooligan dance, it is loved not only by representatives younger generation but also active business people.

Hip-hop is one of the central, leading cultures of the generation, able to penetrate into the heart of everyone. It is divided into several independent styles, and a person only needs to decide which of the “branches” appeals to him more.

The stage version, which has managed to merge with pop culture over the years, is referred to as the style of the old school (Old School), but all the transformations that were carried out by the dancers themselves, who create their own movements, come up with new stories, are already attributed to the new school, the so-called hip -hopu New Style. In order to understand what is at stake, just watch one of the clips of popular American artists - almost every one of them carries elements of hip-hop dance, because these days this direction is more popular than ever.

He managed to move from the streets to the world's elite clubs, television shows, fitness centers, dance studios, cinema and even theater. And every year more and more people want to master this art, learn how to dance in the same rhythmic and harmonious way in order to shine on the dance floor and catch the admiring glances of all those present.

There is another bright offshoot that is definitely worth talking about - Girl Hip-Hop. This is a very fashionable trend in our time, which, in addition to the "standard" hip-hop movements, contains elements of Arabic, African, Egyptian and even club dances.

"Female" hip-hop is distinguished by amazing plasticity, dynamic, graceful, bewitching movements.

Hip-hop has also become an integral part of international dance workshops and fitness conventions. The modern trend contains much more choreographic elements than the same break dance. After all, break is already a well-established style that has not changed for many years, and hip-hop can be compared to a sponge - it absorbs all the best elements of jazz, reggae, latin, pop, salsa, funk and many other areas in order to maintain a reputation independent, but at the same time very “flexible” and “organism” ready for development.

What does hip-hop mean? How is the word hip-hop deciphered? On the one hand, “hip” in African American slang is “moving parts of the body” (and not just “thigh”, as is usually translated). And "hop" from English - "movement, jump, jump". Thus, hip-hop is body movements. On the other hand, “hip” is also “rise in something”. Then hip-hop can be translated as "development of movements".

Already in the late 60s. The history of hip-hop began to take shape in the 20th century. It all started in the African-American and Latino ghettos of the South Bronx - in one of the most criminal neighborhoods in New York, for whose residents alcohol, drugs and street squabbles were the norm.

It was here - in the South Bronx - that the Jamaican DJ arrived in 1967, who later became known as Kool-Herk. He is considered one of the founders of hip-hop. From his homeland, he brought to New York a new understanding of the party music system. In America Kool Herc became the first real "owner" of youth club life. And later he began to read recitatives to his favorite tunes, which was later called the word Rap (rap).

But the main merit of Kool Herk is considered that he began to play the same instrumental breaks (the so-called “breaks”) several times in a row between verses of songs, during which it was convenient for the dancers to go into a circle and demonstrate their skills. With each party, this innovation gained more and more fans, and Kool Herk even came up with a name for such entertainment - breaking style or, for short, breaking, and he called the acrobat dancers themselves break-boys or b-boys (b-boys).

Already in the 70s, a new style of organizing parties captured the whole of New York; competitions began for the title of the best DJ, the best b-boy and a breaker team. And in 1974, one of the DJs Africa Bambaattaa gave the name to the part of the club and street culture that developed into an independent direction - Hip-hop. By the end of the 80s, rap music had become so popular in America that it overshadowed the former success of disco, rock and country. And in the 90s, American hip-hop artists became widely known outside the United States.

1. Music: Rap (rhythmic recitative with clear rhymes) and Rhythm and Blues; Dj-ing and Beatboxing (human imitation of sounds produced by drum machines), etc. 2. Dance: Break Dance, Funk Styles; New school of hip-hop; Krump, C-Walk and others. 3. Visual arts: Graffiti (drawings and inscriptions made with spray cans). 4. Fashion: clothing style and accessories; slang and lifestyle. 5. Knowledge: awareness in the field of the history of the direction, Songs and paraphernalia.

Popping - Street style dance, distinguishing feature which are clear blows at the end of each movement, they are called "pop" (dad) or "hit" (hit). These strikes are performed using the technique of rapid muscle tension and relaxation, as a result of which the illusion of an unexpected shudder is created in the dancer's body. Such shudders or twitches emphasize each pose and are produced to the rhythm of the music, the accents of which enhance the effect of the blow. This style became popular largely due to the world-famous performances of Michael Jackson.

The emergence of a whole independent direction of Popping is associated with the 70s. The fact is that in 1975-1976. in Fresno, California, the first dance team was created, developing this style and making it famous throughout the country thanks to the television program Soul Train. Sam Solomon or, as he was called then, Boogalo Sam, is considered the founder of this team and popping as a whole as a style. When teaching other dancers, at the end of each movement he made a fixation (or a blow), while saying the word "pop". So the name of the dance Popping appeared.

Is it difficult to come up with something new and become famous all over the country by the age of 20? The founder of the locking dance style, Don Campbell, claims that it was easy for him. In 1970, when in the most major cities The United States was just beginning to spread nightclubs, visiting college students often got a job in them as dancers. One such newcomer to the entertainment industry was 18-year-old Don Campbell, who arrived in Los Angeles. Angeles to learn.

In 1973, he began to appear on the air, not alone, but with a collected dance group the Campbellock Dancers, later renamed the Lockers. It is worth noting that this was the first professional street dance team - the first in America, and therefore in the whole world! Its 6 members quickly became so famous that they were able to perform, collaborating with such stars as Stevie Wonder and Frank Sinatra.

In the late 70's - early 80's in Los. There were street gangs in Angeles, the main of which were the Crips (from the English cripple - "maim") and the Bloods (from the English Blood - "blood"). The first of them came up with the idea of ​​using a kind of foot dance to depict certain symbols and words on the sand. For example, members of the Crips gang could leave their nicknames in the sand with deft foot movements or signal a friend in preparation for robberies by writing signs on the ground with their feet. These leg movements are called Crip-Walk or C-Walk for short.

H o u s e. House (House) - an explosive mix of movements different styles, furious energy and expression. Now House Dance or simply House is at the peak of popularity in the US and Europe.

House appeared in the 70s in Chicago. Even the very name of this style comes from the Chicago club known as the Ware. House (from the English "warehouse"). Ware. The House was one of the first places where DJs played the first house tracks. But House received recognition as a direction of music and dance only in the mid-80s. By this time, many DJs and dancers from Chicago moved to New York, London and other cities that were famous for the entertainment industry. Compared to Chicago, there were many more opportunities in New York to promote new styles. House quickly took over the dance floors of all the main parties in this city and began to develop rapidly. So New York became the second home of this direction.

TOP 9 There are a huge number of teams in the world. It is almost impossible to remember or even recognize them all, but among these many there are always those who set the pace, keep the brand and, in the end, turn into a force that is not subject to someone's opinions or even time. This is how breakdancing legends are born. One of such legends for domestic b-boying was the TOP 9 team from St. Petersburg.

Rock Steady Crew Highly professional, one of a kind and inimitable, sometimes unpredictable, legendary team Rock Steady Crew. Its founder is a certain Jo-Jo. He, and all the other characters who stood at the origins of the creation of this dance project, can be safely classified as unsurpassed. Now R. S.C. is not just a dance group consisting of several dancers, it is an entire empire that takes root all over the world. Not everyone can become a member, but there is still a small chance. The first Rock Steady Crew was registered in the early seventies in New York, and its second generation included seven dissimilar monsters of dance culture.

Flying Steps A very famous team from Germany that shot several clips and won 1st place at BOTY 2000. A well-known representative of it is BENNY, listed in the Guinness Book of Records for a large number of revolutions on the head (62) and received the prize as the best b-boy of the world in 2000, according to BOTY. Together with this team, the founders of Russian breakdance, the guys from Da. Boogie when they worked in Germany.

Red Bull BC One is an annual international competition among the top 16 B-Boys in the world, organized by the energy drink company Red Bull. Competitions are held according to the "1 on 1" system, the winner is chosen by 5 judges sitting in the hall. Red Bull BC One differs from other competitions in the way it is organized. The round stage with a mirror reflection, and many cameras filming the competition, give this event a unique style. Battle of the Year (BOTY) is the most popular and prestigious breakdancing championship. The first BOTY took place in 1990. Since 2000 it has been held in Braunschweig (Germany). Juste Debout is a competition in street views dance, held annually in France. It has 4 categories in the two-on-two format - locking, popping, house and hip-hop, and 2 categories in the one-on-one format - experimental and toprock. The organizer of the competition is Bruce "Ykanji" Zone, who is also the founder of a school for the training of professional hip-hop dancers.

Hip hop subculture- one of the most massive and widespread today all over the world. Originating in the 1970s in the United States, hip-hop still attracts young people with its many-sided manifestations. In what conditions did hip-hop culture develop forty years ago, and what does it represent today? Read on ;)

Hip-hop owes its origin to African Americans living in American ghettos at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Residents of "black neighborhoods" in large US cities organized discos, where DJs played dance music using the sampling technique. At that time, sampling was called repetition. separate fragments compositions. Soon, the sampling technique began to improve, gained popularity, and soon DJs began to record their performances and sell them on cassettes. It was essentially rap over sampled music combined with disco and funk rhythms. In 1970, Sylvia Robinson, who had worked at Columbia Records, created her own recording studio, Sugar Hill Records, where she began recording and publishing hip-hop music. The first single was released in 1979 and immediately made a splash in the American music market. This single is also considered the first hip-hop single in history. In the 1980s, hip-hop music moved to a new level. Now it was not only "black music" - white youth also became interested in rap. During this period, the development of rap was greatly influenced by European electronic and pop music. New sampling technologies came from Europe to the USA, new breakbeat rhythms finally conquered rap and hip-hop musicians. The Beastie Boys were the first of the "whites" to become widely known and commercialized. In the 1970s - the first half of the 1980s, hip-hop music was designed exclusively for discos and parties. Since the mid-1980s, the theme of rap songs began to take on a social connotation. Hip-hop musicians in their lyrics spoke out against violence, cruelty, crime and racism. By the end of the 1980s, rap had established itself as a full-fledged musical genre and had achieved popularity on a par with pop and rock music.

In the 1990s, new themes and characters appeared in rap. Gangsta rap became popular, telling about gangster realities in black ghettos. Dr. Dre is rightfully considered the most famous gangsta rap artist, and his follower, Snoop Dogg, is the modern personification of gangsta rap. The performers of this rap direction sought to notoriety, often became participants in street fights and shootouts, appeared in crime news either as drug distributors, or as murderers or killed in the same street fights. At the beginning of the 21st century, hip-hop music is commercially successful and replete with a variety of directions and branches. Famous rap artists often take far from last places in the list of the richest musicians in the world.

IN THE USSR hip hop as a subculture and the musical direction came in the 1980s. Now the number of rap artists is in the hundreds, and in every city and town, literally in every district, you can also find a local rapper. But hip-hop is not only music. There is a hip-hop dance style, graffiti is an integral part of hop-hop culture. The hip-hop subculture has its own worldview and its own fashion, which is dictated by the street. The hip-hop dance style is very versatile, as it has incorporated elements of different dance styles. One of the main components of hip-hop dance is breakdancing. Hip-hop borrowed a lot from funk, locking and other dance styles.

Fashion hip hop subcultures very recognizable. These are baggy pants, kangaroo sweatshirts with and without hoods, sneakers, bandanas, baseball caps and caps (clothing is usually several sizes larger than necessary). Various accessories are popular - wristbands, belts, glasses, ear piercings. A more glamorous variety of hip-hop - R-n-B suggests an abundance of rhinestones, precious metals, fashionable trinkets that are used where necessary and not necessary. Backpackers (hitchhikers) cannot imagine life without a backpack on their back, where all the things necessary for traveling are placed. As for the worldview of this or that representative of the hip-hop subculture, it may vary depending on what this very representative is doing. If he dances, draws graffiti or is fond of some kind of sport (often extreme), he usually does not drink or smoke and advocates a healthy lifestyle. If this is a rapper (performer or listener - it doesn’t matter), then there are no special ideological principles - he may smoke, or he may not smoke, he may lead an antisocial lifestyle, or he may be a fighter for justice, but in most cases he will be against racism.
One way or another, the hip-hop subculture has a rich, although not very long history, and is perhaps one of the most numerous subcultures.