Street art ( street art) is a type of contemporary urban art. It is difficult to determine when wall paintings first appeared, such fine art is one of the oldest. But, despite this, disputes regarding this activity do not subside, because many people believe that street art is an act of vandalism. But is it? Let's dive deeper into the world of street art and try to figure out what it really is.
What is street art and how does it work?
Street art translated from of English language means "street art". This direction means:
- Wall drawings;
- Images in in public places and on various objects;
- street installations;
- Stickers;
- Posters, etc.
Everything that is an urban style can be attributed to this direction. visual arts. There is a widespread misconception that graffiti is the only manifestation of street art. However, it is not. Graffiti is just one type of street art, but far from the only one.
The history of street art from its inception to the present day
It would be correct to note that street art has existed since the advent of Homo sapiens. At first, creativity manifested itself in the form rock paintings. Later, already in a civilized society (in Ancient Rome, Greece, Egypt, etc.), people began to express their thoughts through the application of graffiti on the walls. These were advertising messages, declarations of love, expression of political thoughts, etc.
Street art, such as we are used to seeing it today, supposedly appeared during the Second World War. The first case is considered to be the appearance of the viral inscription “Kilroy was here”. It was applied by a certain Kilroy, who (presumably) worked at a bomb factory in Detroit (USA). At first, the inscription appeared on all the boxes with bombs made at this plant. Then the phrase was supplemented with a drawing and further distributed by American soldiers.
The heyday of street art in the 1960s was in Philadelphia. This place is still considered to be the historical center of graffiti culture. In the 1970s, localization moves to New York. It all started with a Manhattan neighborhood called Washington Heights. At this point, “tagging” was invented. Then there was a tradition to put the street number next to the nickname. The first to do this was Julio 204. Among the graffiti artists of that time, rivalry broke out for recognition as the best. This prompted the writers to develop new style performance - this is how codes and styles of graffiti appeared.
It is also noteworthy that until 2012, no street art museum was created anywhere in the world; there were no departments that could present this style to the public. For the first time, the Museum of Street Art was opened in St. Petersburg. main goal this museum is to provide information about street art and graffiti. The museum also provides assistance in organizing modern projects, is engaged in support of young artists. Representatives of the museum are trying to introduce a new approach to the development of creativity, using industrial facilities located far from the city center for this.
Types and techniques of street art
The division into styles can be observed mainly among graffiti. The following techniques stand out:
- Writing- the process of applying graffiti without reference to style. Includes absolutely all varieties;
- bombing- fast drawing extreme conditions;
- Tagging- the signature of the artist, his nickname.
In addition to the application technique, there are also types of graffiti that differ in style:
- bubble letter– graphics using capital letters and volumetric forms similar to bubbles;
- Throw up– New York style, which involves the use of two colors and simple shapes;
- character– depiction of characters in the style of a graffiti artist;
- wild style- one of the most common types, involving the application complex drawings. Requires high level skill;
- 3D style- 3D style image, as well as optical illusions.
There is a huge variety of techniques for applying drawings and performing installations. New directions appear regularly, artists try to find their own own style and stand out from the crowd of other writers.
Famous representatives of the direction
In street art, as in any other direction, there are famous representatives:
- Banksy - this artist is called the "gold standard" of contemporary art. His identity has never been revealed. Many of his works are included in the register of protected objects. Originally from Bristol, works and exhibits around the world;
- Vhils - Alexander Fartu, originally from Portugal. In his technique, he uses an electric drill. Collaborated with legendary band U2;
- Above (TavarZawacki) - started in the US, but then moved to Berlin. The subject of his work are the themes of injustice. modern system, as well as poverty of certain segments of the population;
- Roa - in his works depicts animals, often exhausted, with organs, open eyes. He tends to imitate the X-ray effect in his works;
- C215 is a French street artist who travels the world and decorates the streets. His favorite subject is his own daughter Nina, who can be seen in the images, sometimes as a little girl, sometimes transformed into a young woman;
- Jean Michel Basquiat is a late artist who left a bright mark on history. Started as a graffiti artist, during the prime of his career he completed many stencil projects in collaboration with Andy Warhol.
Contemporary street art has many manifestations. Sometimes writers are affected difficult topics. But, the work of writers does not become less beautiful from this. Now we can see how many works are turned into national treasures, and artists from all over the world realize their creative potential.
If you ask “what is street art” in a search engine, then a scattering of definitions will fall out from “provocation” and “hooligan art” to “evolutionary forms of graffiti” and “ special forms immersion in urban space. Lacking a solid, or to be more honest, practically no theoretical base in the country, street art nevertheless lives a full-fledged hard life of a street organism. During December 2010 - January 2011 in Moscow for the first time exhibition will take place street stencils. Without delving into the morphology of the concept of street art, T&P talked to the participants and the organizer of the exhibition about the border between graffiti and street art, its role in contemporary art and prospects in the international space, about the social and political, about the past and the future.
Incubus Project: Complex issue. From the series What is Music? Street art is a dialogue between the artist and the street space.
Ame72: Graffiti (as the media call it) is about letters, names and fonts. Street art, on the other hand, is designed to draw the attention of the public to certain ideas through stencils, stickers, posters, installations, and more.
Street art is addressed to other people, not to artists.
Dmitry Krasov - organizer of the international exhibition of stencils TRAFORO | exhibition of stencil art 2010, head of the Internet project "Everyone needs a stencil"
Dmitry Krasov: Most of graffiti artists aim to portray their name beautifully and with high quality. Street art work can be done with very little skill artistic technique but with a very strong message. This is much more important. I cannot be responsible for all graffiti in general, but in my opinion, it is self-quoting.
Igor Ponosov: There is a substitution of concepts here, since by street art and street art we mean the form of “post-graffiti”.
Susie Garden (Strafe): It's very difficult to make money doing street art in Russia because the street culture is very young. Most people in this country don't know anything about street art.
Incubus Project: No. Russia is not ready for its street artists. You can sell T-shirts with your own prints, but this has nothing to do with street art. You can sell paintings, but it is impossible to live on it. We don't have a base, we don't have a single street art movement, we don't have a community. Few people are seriously interested in street art.
Ame72: I only work and support myself as an artist. You can make good money with art, but I wouldn't call it street art.
Once street art moves into galleries, it automatically becomes urban, pop art, contemporary art, abstraction, blop art, whatever you want to call it, but not street art.
Captain Razor (Zuk club): Some people think that street art is the techniques you listed. This is not true. It's just a technique of self-expression.
Igor Ponosov: There is no division as such, it is generally accepted to divide by technique: stencils, stickers, posters, sculptures. In terms of content, there are no categories as such, since we have few people involved in theorizing, criticizing and monitoring the entire scene. There is the direction of "intervention" - this is an invasion of the city, changes in the objects of the urban environment. For example, an inverted bench or two benches placed on top of each other.
Incubus Project: If we talk simply about the manner of performance, then on this moment in street art they use everything that is possible. Now, in my opinion, everyone is switching to posters. Personally, I switched.
Ame72: Street art can be in any form the artist wants. As long as it's on the street, it's all street art.
Street art is beginning to "move" into a gallery, academic format: Banksy's works are sold in a New York gallery, recently there was an exhibition of London graffiti artists in Moscow, an exhibition of Traforo stencils. Does street art not deceive itself if it was originally aimed at combating commercialization, consumerism, and now it is starting to make money?
Dima Krasov: I don't see anything wrong with that. This is the same as posting photos of work on the Internet, the photo is already in electronic format, you can download it or send it to a friend, and this is documentation.
Captain Razor (Zuk club): On the contrary, it would be great if gallery artists started doing street art. The gallery as a platform gives a result that the street cannot give, and vice versa.
Ame72: If you can support yourself by doing what you love, go ahead and do it.
Susie Garden (Strafe): Good question. And I don't know the exact answer. In my opinion, this is a naive opinion that we can do art without a market at all, it's impossible. There are artists who exhibit in galleries and are sold for crazy money, but they will still find an opportunity to work on the street. This is a compromise.
Incubus Project: Nothing tastes better than new, whatever you call it. It's not cheating, it's development.
Igor Ponosov: There is a well-formed art market, and now it is boring. Need fresh blood and energy. Curators and try to integrate street energy into galleries.
Does the development of street art representational techniques affect the development of marketing and advertising technologies?
Igor Ponosov: Advertising agencies are picking up methods of disseminating information faster than street artists themselves. And all this is done by the same street artists and graffiti artists, which annoys me the most. Previously, you walked and looked at the floor, hiding from advertising, now you can’t even look at the floor. We even had an initiative group of two people, we were engaged in painting over.
If you are doing “art”, let it sound loud for the time being, then you don’t have to at least spoil it.
Is there a chance to get closer to Europe in terms of legislation?
Dmitry Krasov: There are few chances, but there is always hope. If the project is good and interesting, you can try to get official permission. No one will allow explicit works or political statements right away. Vandalism in all cities is vandalism. It's just that in Europe there are some areas where you can officially draw. In our country, these are units of official sites in the country. There is an All-Russian Exhibition Center in Moscow.
There are major international art exhibitions such as FIAC in Paris, FRIEZE in London, where the entire art elite, gallery owners, buyers, curators, etc. flock. Any chance for street art to be officially presented at FIAC 2011 or 2012?
Dima Krasov: The presence of street art at such events will be mandatory. This culture will become fixed as a certain layer, then interest in it will be lost, then renewed, and so on. If today's audience begins to appreciate street art, then in 10 years it will be a classic for another generation.
Susie Garden (Strafe): Why not. Street art is already like old news. This is mainstream.
Incubus Project: Aren't they represented there yet? Probably, this is from the series of whether or not snowboarding is included in the Olympic Games.
Igor Ponosov: Quite possibly, because now the demand for street art has increased. Of course, all the talk about street art comes down to the Banksy movie. His contribution is not even to the community of street artists, but to common system art, he tries to hack it in his own ways. And he gets into galleries - in fact, he even laughs at it, at the same time making money.
Ame72: It's already been submitted.
It has become fashionable to think about appearance city, bike parking, the actions of the new mayor in relation to urban decoration. According to the General Plan of 2025, about 70% historical buildings in the center of Moscow will be demolished. How do you think it will affect street art? You will not have a brick wall of an old mansion, but a glass panel or a gray block.
Captain Razor (Zuk club): I don't think it will have much effect. You can’t really draw on a modern building, there are cameras everywhere and enhanced security. If buildings are demolished, then, on the contrary, it will be possible to draw more freely on them.
Susie Garden (Strafe): I prefer when the wall is old and interesting, when you can see the consequences of the destruction of the urban. When traces of old posters are visible. Drawing on new buildings with huge windows looks more like a protest.
Incubus Project: New buildings and street art. It will simply be washed even more often than now. And hit on the heads much more often, as there will be more guards.
Igor Ponosov: I think that everything influences. If you look at European trends, in Germany, for example, there are quite severe fines for labeling. It shapes new format, because the artist must apply the drawing as quickly as possible.
The action of the art group "Voina" in St. Petersburg, when they drew a 60-meter member on the Liteiny Bridge, which rose in front of the windows of the FSB. Is this street art?
Dima Krasov: Yes. That's exactly what has risen - it's street art.
Captain Razor (Zuk club): They are actionists, this is street art by definition. Many street artists have come out of "graffiti" and they continue to paint on the walls, but no longer graffiti. Now street art is understood as mainstream (post-graffiti), and "War" does not fit into this category. There are completely different motives.
Susie Garden (Strafe): Of course. This is another form of street art, closer to performance, to action.
Incubus Project: Yes, I live nearby. This is street art. Good interaction with space. Rising dick! Isn't it poetic?
Igor Ponosov: If you regard street art as a form of post-graffiti, then this is street art. It is difficult to attribute it to street art, because it stands out with its political overtones. There are portals that cover street art all over the world, they regularly post "War" promotions.
Exhibition Traforo.
The project "Stencil is necessary for everyone" international exhibition[“TRAFORO | exhibition of stencil art 2010”](http://www.traforo.ru/traforo/traforo2010.htm) in Moscow from December 01, 2010 to January 11, 2011.
Captain Razor (Zuk club): Surprised that a lot of work on political topic. I do not remember that there was an exhibition of stencils in Moscow before. I show my work: two images connected by a thread. The thread imitates a laser.
Susie Garden (Strafe): In Moscow, in Russia people are very original, more original than in Australia. I show at the exhibition a triptych Rhinoceros, on a tree. I always make half figurative, half abstract image.
Incubus Project: I haven't seen it yet, I'll draw it right at the opening.
Dima Krasov: Firstly, the exhibition is international: there are artists from Great Britain, Australia, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. Secondly, the exhibition is divided into conditional thematic spaces: socio-political, entertainment, etc. I recommend visiting all the sites, the entrance is everywhere free, except for one gallery, there is an entrance of 50 rubles. The exhibition acquaints as many people as possible with stencil art. Therefore, not one site was chosen, but several galleries and an art cafe, a printing university.
What can you wish for street art and contemporary art?
Captain Razor (Zuk club): I wish street art development. Freedom for War. There is a lot going on right now interesting point when the government begins to oppress the art community. We must stand against this, otherwise it will not lead to anything good.
Dima Krasov: There is no point in wasting time trying to justify your laziness, you need to waste time realizing your ideas.
Igor Ponosov: I would like to wish street artists courage and patience to resist the aggressive environment. It seems to me that Moscow has a very aggressive environment.
Every time we walk around Moscow, we find something new and interesting in it. Street art belongs to the non-banal objects of the city, we are already. Today we will show drawings on the walls of houses, outbuildings and other structures, painted by various street artists. Such drawings are divided into illegal, that is, made without permission, and legal, made with the permission of local authorities (or commercial structures that legally coordinate their order with local authorities).
The most interesting graffiti in Moscow in 2016 —>
Today I will show you illegal street art that appeared in 2016. As you can see, illegal immigrants in Moscow are not only vandalism, not only painted electric trains, tags polluting the city walls, not only endless fences painted with the same tags along railways. I note that at present there are no places in the city allocated for the placement of a “permitted illegal immigrant”. I will not touch on urban graffiti festivals, when a wall is given to those who are thirsty to draw in a specially designated reservation, on which you can draw anything. I do not consider these works to be illegal. Usually illegal drawings exist in "informal courtyards" mainly in the center of Moscow, where such works are not painted over by local authorities. In addition to Zoom, whose work, hundreds of other street artists draw in the city. I believe that the creations of some of them deserve attention.
In January, the Kinchev wall appeared on Pokrovsky Boulevard. The drawing on it is dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Alisa Army fan community, created in 1991 on the initiative of Konstantin Kinchev, the leader of the Alisa group. In May and October, the wall was painted over, but the fans restored the painting each time.
Alex214 painted several garages in Kuzminki, resulting in a subway train. Among the figures is Martha Cooper, a legendary character for street art lovers. She is known worldwide as a photographer who captured the beginnings of graffiti culture in New York in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Portraits of girls by Keirs from the Insmut team. Some street artists criticize the way he works. They believe that the meaning of street art is to come and draw. And when the author comes several times to finish the work, uses tape to draw straight lines, this is no longer street art. I take such arguments lightly. It's just strange to me that some girls come out at Keirs some kind of masculine.
Akor (Artem Korotkov) paints in the south of Moscow, and I usually don't get to see his work. An ironic drawing on a building in the Biryulevsky Forest Park.
Akor on Shipilovsky proezd.
In the same place, on Shipilovsky passage, a fox from Choys. Interestingly, he is one of the few who writes his nickname in Cyrillic - Choice.
Bear from green leaves from Choyce s Mendeleevskaya.
Choys said that in this drawing he wanted to show the emotions of the students from the arrival on September 1st.
Musician from Choys.
Antonia Gapotchenko, who chose the nickname Lev, came from Lipetsk in 2011 to study as an illustrator and stayed in the capital. She is educated Graphic Designer. He considers himself an illustrator, he always has been and remains, but now he also draws on the walls. It is surprising that she did not write her nickname at all, but immediately started with drawings. The first of them appeared in May 2015 in St. Petersburg near the railway tracks. Antonia has her own recognizable style, her favorite character is a naked girl in the jungle, full of beauty and health, and drawn without excessive realism of forms. And although a girl who draws girls is usually not taken seriously in the graffiti community, for short term she managed to gain prestige. A year and a month after the start of her career, she was already instructed to paint an 8x5 meter wall, for other authors, this path takes a decade. True, the Outline festival, for which the wall was made, did not take place, so the audience did not see this work.
Sometimes men appear in her drawings.
Antonia likes to find some kind of “abandoned place”, as it is important for her to combine the drawing with the environment around.
Street artist Frankie, like Banksy and Zoom, works in the stencil genre. The nickname F20 once stood for the name of a two-piece band. Over time, the composition of the group changed, and now only Frankie remained under the nickname F20. He received an architectural education and works as an architect. “But I still want to do something like that, where you can do whatever you want, without approvals - you just want and do it.” Franky began to draw a long time ago, but he feels like an artist since February 2010, when he found his own style. He is currently pursuing his second degree in Graphic Design.
Two of his works of 2015 are near MPEI. From an interview: “Sometimes the place itself dictates the desire to draw. Next to MPEI, between the buildings there is a very slum alley - you won’t even understand that this is a university - and there I did three jobs. Two of them still remain, no one touches them, although the tags around are painted over. Maybe the university administration is not against the fact that they hang there, I don’t know.”
Children's imagination on Maroseyka.
Work on the Arbat appeared on Valentine's Day.
"Is that right, dear?" at Ogorodnaya Sloboda.
The stork is a symbol of new life in many cultures. Waste barrel as a symbol of the detrimental impact of the man-made factor on nature. The stork built a nest on an old barrel, nature won. In the courtyard in Pechatnikov lane.
And again the stork and modern civilization.
Miracle-yudo fish-whale. Instead of a village - a panel microdistrict.
Lost girl with a bear on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard.
Often listened to by Frankie, Magnetic Poetry in Seliverstov Lane.
Sourt is a master of the genre, which is called "black and white photorealism". His works can be found in the south of Moscow, which is far from me. The first time I went in the winter, and found only one of his works of 2014 - a portrait of Mayakovsky, the rest were painted over. An interesting character - imagine, someone took and painted Mayakovsky illegally on the fence of the park!
In 2016, not far from the Begovaya metro station, Benicio del Toro appeared as Gonzo in Terry Gilliam's film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998).
Yuri Nikulin appeared not far from the Mendeleevskaya metro station.
I did not recognize this man on Shipilovsky Proezd.
Actor Anthony Hopkins, near the Oblaka shopping center on Orekhovy Boulevard.
Actor and musician Pyotr Mamonov, writer Viktor Pelevin on Veselaia Street (there is one near the Tsaritsyno metro station).
I will finish the review with the works of two street artists who, by status, have already become just artists, although sometimes they continue to paint on the streets.
Alexey Mednoy was born in 1985. He graduated with honors from the Ivanovsky Design Department. art school named after Malyutin, but later moved to Moscow, the city in which he was born. The first facade in Moscow on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was created as part of the festival " Best City Earth" (2013). In his picturesque and graphic works the formed author's style is confidently read, expressed in characteristic techniques. He uses an achromatic range of colors, broken shapes, crushed images. Mosaic compositions, as if assembled from colored glass fragments, refer to the tradition of modernist artists.
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Andrey Berger was born in 1986 in Barnaul. He is known under the nickname Aber, the origin of which is clear without explanation. By education he is a designer of the architectural environment, he graduated from the Altai State Technical University. Andrey became interested in street art in 2001 and since then he has been painting on the walls and is actively engaged in creative work. He lived in Novosibirsk, now lives in Moscow, heads the First Graffiti Agency.
His first notable work on the facade of the capital's house "Inspiration" (2013) is located near the metro station "Prospect Mira" and was done together with Marat Morik from Novosibirsk. The girl on it is realistic, but Andrei himself prefers geometric abstractions. I managed to photograph his illegal work. Well, do you like this style?
Later in 2016 Andrey will perform works in the same style in Denmark at the Aarhus Art Convention, and in Germany (Munich) at the Stroke Art Fair. Porcelain plates for the five-star Silken Puerta America hotel in Madrid were painted with the same graphics in 2016. More precisely, specifically for one of the floors of this hotel, which was designed by the great Zaha Hadid. The other floors were designed by Norman Foster and Jean Nouvel.
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Publication prepared by: Vasily P. Photo by the author.
Instruction
On the one hand, the art of street art, at its core, is designed to resist the aggressive urban environment, on the other hand, without aggression. modern city street art itself would not have arisen.
Street art originated from street tags, which, in turn, in the late 60s of the last century in Philadelphia (USA) were transformed into graffiti. By the beginning of the 80s, when competition arose between graffiti artists, graffiti from poorly readable font tags increasingly began to be transformed into interesting ones. artistic compositions and catchy slogans: “Boredom is counter-revolutionary”, “Run, comrade, for old world”, “Culture is life in reverse” or “Be realistic, demand the impossible!”.
Now, in the era of continuous eclecticism and post-post-modernism, the boundaries of the concept of street art are blurred, like the boundaries of other art forms.
Street art is any creative action created in the urban environment, in the space of streets and squares. Street art can be not only artists who directly transform a static space, giving it new meaning and codes.
Street arters are Street musicians, mimes, break dancers, flashmobers and actionists. That is, all those who go out into the street to create. And it doesn't matter, does it creative person constantly or performs one, but important for himself and, as he considers, for those around him, the Action.
Street art is an aggressive art that actively draws all participants in the life of the city into a dialogue. Even if, for some reason only known to him, the street arter places exclusively “cute cats” in the urban environment, in any case, he imposes them completely shamelessly, regardless of anyone's opinion.
Anyone can do street art. If only there was non-standard idea, which I would like to tell the world, since street art can be expressed by any means, but it must carry the concept. Street art - concept art.
Street art artists choose the means of expression based on the concept. And these means of expression can be different: stickers, stickers, posters, spray cans, crayons, stencils, plastic, electrical tape, laser projections and LEDs - everything from which you can quickly create an artistic object and have time to blow your feet. The fact is that in many countries of the world, street art is still considered vandalism, and not a transformation of a boring gray urban environment.
However, when the authorities of some countries realized that street art can bring profit to cities, as it attracts tourists who are willing to pay even for tours of
Street art (Street art) - a trend in contemporary art, a feature of which is the use of intra-city territories for various kinds of art projects.
It is difficult to name the exact date of the foundation of street art as a direction in art. Historically, the term itself became popular in the early 80s, at the same time it began to enter the lexicon of various kinds of art historians, but, of course, the genre itself arose much earlier.
Because street art has no clear conceptual or technical boundaries, it is impossible to identify specific ideological predecessors for street art as such. In this genre, you can observe a huge number of different subgenres, and each of them often has its own history. So, for example, at the present time, when street art is already recognized as an art direction, there is a point of view that "legalizes" it in the eyes of the general public, pointing out that street artists often give nondescript industrial cities the status of new cultural centers, create new aesthetic spaces that improve the quality of life of the local population. A prime example such a transformation can be considered a city Bristol, presumably the birthplace of Banksy, where now his works are not only preserved, but they even arrange tours. In addition, many other street artists come to this city and their work is also preserved. From this point of view, the ideological predecessors of street art can be considered futurists (including Russian ones), who called for painting the walls of houses, "ennobling the eye (taste) of the passer-by."
At the same time, it should be noted that not all representatives of street art conceptual framework was the idea of ennobling the urban environment. One of the notable manifestations of street art is graffiti. Here (if we talk about the modern period of history, because in general we can talk about graffiti in relation to the most different eras) The story begins in the 1920s, when drawings and inscriptions began to appear on freight trains plying the United States. Later, this direction turned into a method of disseminating political and other ideas, as well as a method of securing the territory of various kinds of groups of people. In the early 70s, the movement became extremely popular, many writers appeared, whose goal was to place their tag (their signature) wherever possible. In the face of competition from other writers, there was a desire to make their work the most visible, signatures became more and more complex. In this case, often, regardless of the original idea of the author, the sign or inscription received additional meaning after they were created. In other words, the more often a person sees this or that image, the more likely it is that he will have a question: what does this mean? People start asking each other, the sign becomes part of the cultural environment, gradually getting new interpretations.
The development of graffiti was associated primarily with the United States, and more specifically with New York. There, the local subway became the main platform for various kinds of street artists. This was due to the fact that the subway at that time was the most unprotected part of the city, in which there were a lot of people. Those. it was relatively safe to draw something on the subway and the audience for the work was significant. That. this manifestation of street art developed under conditions of external pressure from the authorities and this, of course, had an impact on it. In subsequent years, began active company to combat graffiti in the subway and this led to the fact that many artists began to work on the streets. A little later, the stencil began to gain popularity, because. so the artist can create his drawing faster, which reduces the likelihood of a possible arrest.
At the same time, it should be noted that the stencil itself is also a separate direction in street art. It is believed that he gained popularity on the wave of graffiti and under the influence of an atmosphere unfavorable for a long and painstaking work, but it would be wrong to say that the stencil is exclusively a continuation of the tradition of New York graffiti. This method is interesting not only because it allows you to quickly create an image, but also because it allows you to repeat the same pattern many times, and since. for direct application of paint over the stencil, it is not necessary to be outstanding artist, a tag made in this manner spreads faster across the conditional territory. Perhaps the first example here can be considered the so-called. "Kilroy Was Here"(English) Kilroy was here). The tag has gained immense popularity in postwar period in the USA and Europe. The phrase itself belongs to James Kilroy, who inspected the shipyards and left such an inscription on the checked ships. Gradually, the phrase began to be noticed and interpreted. Soldiers began to reproduce it in various cities of Europe, and in the postwar years typical image little man with long nose, peeking out from behind a certain plane and the corresponding inscription "Kilroy was here" began to appear throughout America.
In the 90s of the XX century, artists began to use the stencil, who later became widely known. Here we can note Shepard Fairey's "Andre the Giant Has a Posse" company, which later transformed into the "Obey" company, during which the author distributed about a million images of Andre the Giant with the corresponding inscription, using various methods, including stencil. The repeated repetition of the same image affects the viewer's interpretation of that image. In part, here you can find some similarity with the ideas of pop art, but you need to understand that if the concept of a simulacrum involves the creation of a copy without an original, a symbol without meaning, then in this case we are talking about a symbol that acquires meaning after, or rather in the course of multiple copying. However, a number of artists who became famous within the framework of street art, at a certain point, began to work in the genre of pop art, often using images previously invented for the street.
Another direction of street art can be considered various kinds of installations. Here you can highlight the work of Mark Jenkins, who creates sculptures from film and tape, placing them later in cities around the world. However, street art can be attributed to any art work performed within the boundaries of a particular city, which makes this genre virtually limitless in the number of works, artists, ideas, etc.
