Hello dear.
Last time we finished with the IV part: perhaps it's time to do the fifth.
Like every chapter, it has its own epigraph.
Oh, do not know these terrible dreams
You are my Svetlana!
Zhukovsky.
This is one of the final verses of Zhukovsky's ballad "Svetlana" (1812), which in turn is a free adaptation of the plot of Burger's ballad "Lenora" (1773). "Svetlana" was considered a model of romantic folklorism, hence the direction of Chapter V is clear and who, in the author's opinion, will be the main character.
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.
About late snow - this is generally a very rarity in those years. If we translate the actions of the novel into real time, that is, in the autumn of 1820 - the winter of 1821, then just that winter the snow fell very early, then melted, and then fell again.
The following passage is one of the most quoted and recognizable. thousands of schoolchildren for many generations crammed it. Why - it's hard for me to answer. But the fact remains.
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window...
I could never understand the expression trot. Lynx is average speed a horse, if you can call it that, is faster than a walk, but slower than a gallop. Although some horses at a trot could bypass even galloping ones. So for me, trotting is an oxymoron.
In this case, a wagon is a covered road cart for a coachman. Well, and accordingly, the irradiation is a thick wooden brace, enveloping the upper part of such a wagon. You probably know what a sheepskin coat is, but a sash is just a belt. Part, so to speak, uniform coachman. Well, in the end, I’ll say that the bug is indicated with a small letter because it’s just the then designation of a mongrel, and not the name of an animal.
But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
Not much beauty here.
Warmed by God's inspiration,
Another poet with a luxurious style
He painted us the first snow
And all the shades of winter bliss
He will captivate you, I'm sure
Drawing in fiery verses
Secret walks in a sleigh;
But I don't want to fight
Not with him for the time being, not with you,
Young Finnish singer!
P.A. Vyazemsky
Another poet is about Vyazemsky, and his poem "The First Snow". And the "young Finnish singer" is an allusion to Baratynsky's "Eda". Why Finnish women, we have already discussed in one of the previous posts.
Further - no comment, for another well-known and taught by many piece
Tatyana (Russian soul,
I don't know why.)
With her cold beauty
I loved Russian winter
In the sun it's blue on a frosty day,
And the sleigh, and the late dawn
Shine of pink snows,
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.
Celebrated in the old days
In their house these evenings:
Servants from all over the court
They wondered about their young ladies
And they were promised every year
Husbands of the military and campaign.
Tatyana believed the legends
common folk antiquity,
And dreams, and card fortune-telling,
And the predictions of the moon.
She was troubled by omens;
Mysteriously to her all objects
proclaimed something.
Premonitions pressed against my chest.
A cutesy cat, sitting on the stove,
Purring, with a paw the stigma washed:
That was a sure sign to her,
What guests are coming. Suddenly seeing
Young two-horned face of the moon
In the sky on the left side
She trembled and turned pale.
When is the shooting star
Flew across the dark sky
And crumbled - then
Tanya was in a hurry in confusion,
While the star was still rolling
Whisper her heart's desire.
When something happened
She meet the black monk
Or a quick hare between the fields
Crossed her path
Not knowing what to start with fear
full of sad forebodings,
She expected misfortune.
Well? The beauty found the secret
And in the most horror she:
This is how nature made us
prone to contradiction.
The holidays have arrived. That's joy!
Guessing windy youth
Who has no regrets
Before which life is far
Lies bright, boundless;
Fortune telling old age through glasses
At his grave board,
All having lost irretrievably;
And still: hope for them
He lies with his baby talk.
To be continued...
Have a nice time of the day.
I have been watching this program for a long time now and they show how Stanislav Govorukhin blames President Putin for modern children. His supposedly familiar teacher of literature offered them the meaning of words from Pushkin's verse Zim to explain. “They don’t know,” the master of cinema blamed. To the credit of the president, he somehow stood up for the kids, said something like, it’s not so bad” ...
But it must be said that the now swindled test, in fact, for knowledge of Russian archaic is, after all, the invention of your humble servant in 2005. It was then that I hung this opus on the Rum Collection website. And my wife, under the nickname Kitty, threw it on the Family website:
... Winter! .. Peasant *, triumphant,
On logs** updates the path;
His horse ***, smelling snow ****,
Trotting ***** somehow;
Reins ****** fluffy exploding ******,
********* wagon is flying ********* daring**********;
The coachman *********** is sitting on the irradiation ***********
In a sheepskin coat ***********, in a red sash ****************.
Here runs the yard boy ***************,
In the sled **************** Bug **************** planting;
Transforming yourself into a horse ******************;
Naughty ********************* already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window ...
(from the novel, Eugene Onegin)
and a textbook for primary school students.
Compare the four headings:,Winter,Winter?,Winter!,and,Winter!..
Read each of them and compare with the entire content of the poem.
What is the best title for these verses?
Some statistics:
There are 44 words in verse, 19 of them are incomprehensible to modern children, they are either archaisms or rare, or their meaning has changed over time (ZB-exploding).
Etta same / the other day means Tver vernacular, not to be confused with this / / my daughter came up to me in tears and said that they were given two terrible verses to learn by heart. She was then in the 2nd grade of the gymnasium and she was 7 years old and 8 months old.
This, of course, is not what early development in Rus', when Peter the 1st at the age of 5 they planted the psalter in his mind to teach. We all know the result - he learned the psalms of King David by heart and became fierce and evil! Monuments are everywhere. And L. Tolstoy, when he was asked when the book about Peter would be (he collected materials at one time), snapped in response:
Drunkard and pervert! And I won't write...
... I found that the child does not understand 50% of the words and 100% of the content of this text, which seems to be written in Russian, and what kind of Russian! language...
I am ready to explain to children what Georgia is and the darkness of the night until they understand!
But I was not ready to explain what kind of fluffy reins the daring wagon blows up and why this box on the skids, dragged by a horse, moving at a speed of 20 km / h at best, flies ... :);
In terms of meaning, it turns out that this is something like a MI-8 helicopter equipped with ATGMs ...
Of course, this text from children's textbooks should be removed, it is hopeless due to its archaic nature, but what can be given in return when the entire subsequent poetic civilization has not created anything in Russian about winter comparable to A.S. Pushkin!?
... Olzhas Suleimenov recalls in an interview:
I remember the first evening of Soviet poetry in Paris in 1977. Konstantin Simonov said that he brought the poetic team of the USSR. We have collected a big four thousandth! Hall. Usually Parisian poetry evenings - a few people in small cafes. And here Paris for the first time listened to poetry in such halls. And they listened to our, Soviet, tribune poetry, which gathered large audiences in Moscow ...
... we performed in nine (Voznesensky did not go - he found out that Yevtushenko would be :))
- Vysotsky, Okudzhava, Rozhdestvensky...
And modern poems, for all ages, about winter, who will write!?
Pushkin again... Alexander Sergeevich?
I don’t know a comparable rating of poems, by God, there is nothing to offer children!
Intonation in the great and mighty can change the meaning of any phrase exactly to the opposite!
Remember Yeseninsky, I think, brilliant, banter:
The sky is like a bell...
The month is the language...
Matt my Motherland!!
I-ah ... a Bolshevik ???
AC loved it too.
... the naughty one already froze ... finger ... :);
Even as a child it seemed to me, and now even more so, that he did not mean a finger!
In rhyme there goes another, double, organ ...
So I finished about winter:
Pushkin, is this our everything?
:))))))))
Pushkin is our everything! / T. Tolstaya, KYS, earlier - A. Blok /
Or:
Pushkin, is this our everything?
And then it went and went - everyone rushed to check the kids for knowledge of the archaic:
From network posts:
A colleague sent me a heartbreaking horror story about fluffy reins. After reading it, it became clear that the story with the reins needs to be checked for beardedness. And for sure - I never know how to use the word "button accordion", but it seems to be the same:
Once, modern first-graders were asked to draw a picture based on Pushkin's quatrain:
Reins fluffy exploding,
The wagon is flying away.
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
As a result, it turned out ... Well, let's start with the fact that of all the words, "sheepskin coat" and "sash" turned out to be the most understandable.
Kibitka in the representation of the kids turned out to be aircraft. Why? Well, as it is written, "the remote wagon is flying." For some, it also turned out to be similar to a cube (Kubitka). The flying daring ki (u) cue ball is engaged in a very militant business - it blows up. What, or rather who?
The reins are fluffy. These are such animals (fluffy!), A cross between a beaver and a thrush. The fact that according to the rules then there should have been "reins" did not bother the children - and grenades and bombs rained down on the poor fluffy reins from the wagon.
A certain person in a sheepskin coat and a red sash and with a shovel is watching the genocide of the reins. This is a coachman.
The bearer of the sheepskin coat and sash, according to the children, has nothing to do with the kibitka and the outrages it creates.
Born to dig, he cannot fly (on a wagon)!
The most difficult word was exposure. Some of the children did not understand at all what it is and what it is eaten with, as a result, the coachman with a shovel (and why else should he dig holes, he is a coachman!) Was sitting on the "fifth point".
In another version, he was asked to sit on a small hoop (obr (l) uchok) and, balancing with a shovel, watch the reins explode.
As a result, there is no wagon rushing in a cloud of snow sparkling under the sun with a cheerful bearded uncle in a sheepskin coat and a sash on the goats. Instead, a cubic flying horseradish rushes above the ground, bloody lumps of unfortunate fluffy reins fly under its deadly blows, and behind all this, balancing on a hoop on the edge of a dug hole, a lumpen personality in a sheepskin coat and a red sash, with a shovel, is watching.
http://children.kulichki.net/parents/pushkin.htm (the description of the genocide was found in various nooks and crannies of the Russian Internet).
However, that didn't bother me at all. I have seen and heard all sorts of different mistakes, but I will never believe that first-graders with their native and only Russian languages suddenly endowed the reins with a soul. It couldn't have bothered them! The reins can be blown, but they were never alive!
Burning with research ardor, I was not too lazy to give the same task to Russian-speaking students of varying degrees of Russian-speaking, and then to my own fourteen-year-old daughter.
The results blew my mind. Most of people who graduated from one to six grades of the Russian (!) School did not understand a single noun in this stanza. The most advanced (so far everything coincides with the results of the mentioned study) were familiar with the words "sheepskin coat" and "sash". The wagon, as it was announced by Pushkin, flew, exploding, and for many artists it looked like something like an anti-aircraft gun with vertical takeoff. Yes, she fired on the fluffy reins, but there were no signs of massacre, although some splashes were observed. None of the subjects considered the coachman a digger of holes. The irradiation, it seems, looked like something like a stump.
The most knowledgeable ones still guessed what a “kibitka” was (after all, the Armenian radio also figured out what a “boa” was!), And they realized that in fact it does not fly, but rushes. It is amazing that anything but a horse was harnessed to the wagon - from a camel to something like an African elephant! And at the same time, the wagon still blew up the long-suffering reins, so that again it was a little anti-aircraft gun and just a little cart. The message that a wagon is a wagon turned exotic animals into horses, but did not affect the disclosure of the topic of reins. This topic was not disclosed by anyone! But the fluffiness of these reins did not make the artists believe in genocide.
After what I had experienced in the classroom, I did not expect anything from my own daughter. And before that, she did not show any hope: http://lila-krik.livejournal.com/31353.html. And my daughter did not disappoint! singular noun, which she managed to semantize in context, is sheepskin coat. Judging by the picture, the sheepskin coat was a warm outerwear. She had to wrap a red sash around the head of a man who looked like a loader. The man (after all, Pushkin's genius blew up some reins) was bearded! The kibitka turned out to be a huge grinning bird (why not, there are jackdaws, jays, canaries, she hardly knew about the trio bird), and the hut that sheltered the peasant (hello from Alice) - a little cloud, a little barrel. The reins, of course, exploded, and their fluffiness was due to the bird's feathering. Perhaps the wagon was a firebird, and the flying feathers exploded when dropped ... I whined and sent her to finish reading the first volume of "War and Peace" assigned to the house, since nothing worked out with "Onegin".
And it’s very interesting, after all, it turned out the opinion of the people ...
If you do not take some private, then the general is as follows:
and it’s not harmful to memorize more clever words, no matter what they are applied to!
... well, I don’t agree at all with such a wording! ... Remember Petrush the First, from five to seven, when, according to tradition, he scribbled the psalter by heart, the deacon taught excellently mostly unfamiliar words !!
I still want to remember Montaigne, Michel the long-suffering, when his crazy father, at first a poor peasant woman from birth to two years old, blew his son - for national feeding ?! - and then forbade everyone in the district of a hundred miles except to speak Latin ...
In this way, Mases Langwich, he had Latin! If the Lord had not enlightened the parent, the son would be in crazy house, but: I gave up the tattoo, gave it to a normal French school, where Misha safely forgot Latin, except in order to graduate from this school with honors and become a member of the local council :)))
I am not a supporter of playing with a lot of incomprehensible words, especially at an immature age. How is bilingual grown? - you need at least a second native speaker from birth. And if you are not a carrier - do not take it! You will make a mistake in the brains of a child and he will not know any language properly.
Harmful Clever words V in large numbers without understanding them! And to understand, it was my father (and himself, in the army in 1937) who taught me:
To understand means to remember and to be able to apply... :))))))))))))
And Pushkin really has nothing to do with it...
Winter snow...
It's dark outside, like the day of creation,
Yes, it's snowing, it's still snowing,
How he always blew. without delay
Snowdrifts are growing upside down.
Snow today and tomorrow will be the same.
But, the late dawn does not scare me -
My whole essence loves snow so godlessly,
Silently, unrequitedly, maybe in vain
In the morning I'm here, covered with snow,
Either a forest in the snow, or my soul.
How quiet in them, peace saved,
Let the joy of life sleep in both.
I hope, I'm waiting, we'll go out with you again
In my snow, it's clean and light.
There is no love, no pain, no offense,
Evil predator, evil freezes.
Winter will pass and all the snow will melt
Green grass will appear again
One day I won't see her, I know
Snow is falling and words are falling.
Minor, really ... but the children need something in a major textbook ...
Eugene Onegin, I sometimes sing to myself - to the tune of the Golden Mountains. Haven't tried? cures however, try:
When I had golden mountains
When I fell ill in earnest,
He forced himself to respect
I: Couldn't have thought better!
Quote from the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" (1823-1831) by the Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799 - 1837) (chapter 5, stanza 2):
Winter. Peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window.
This passage is used in school curriculum since the 19th century. So, " native word» K. Ushinsky, numbering over fifty editions by 1884, twice offered students this Pushkin text - first for reading, and then for memorizing and grammar parsing(see "Native word for children younger age. Year one." Comp. K. Ushinsky. SPb. 1864, p. 63, and “Native word. Year three." Comp. K. Ushinsky. SPb. 1870, pp. 137-144).
Additionally
Examples
"Not in the spirit" (1884) - the main character was forced to analyze this passage from the novel "Eugene Onegin":
“The police officer Semyon Ilyich Prachkin walked around his room from corner to corner and tried to drown out an unpleasant feeling in himself. Yesterday he called on the military commander on business, accidentally sat down to play cards and lost eight rubles. covetousness sat in the ear of the officer and reproached him for extravagance.
Eight rubles - what an importance! - Prachkin drowned out this demon in himself. - People lose more, but nothing. And besides, money is a thing. Once I went to a factory or to Rylov's tavern, that's all eight for you, even more!
- « Winter. Peasant, triumphant. "- monotonously crammed the son of the policeman, Vanya, in the next room. - “Peasant, triumphant. updates the path. »
And yes, you can win back. What is it there "triumphant"?
- “The peasant, triumphant, renews the path. updates. »
- “Triumphant. Prachkin continued to think. - To slap him a dozen hot ones, so he would not be very triumphant. Rather than triumph, it would be better to pay taxes regularly. Eight rubles - what an importance! Not eight thousand, you can always recoup.
- “His horse, smelling snow. sensing snow, trotting somehow. »
If only she could jump! What kind of trotter was found, pray tell! The nag is the nag. An unreasonable peasant is happy to drive a drunken horse, and then when he gets into an ice-hole or into a ravine, then mess with him. Just ride me, so I'll prescribe such turpentine for you that you won't forget for five years. And why did I go with the little one? If I had gone with the ace of clubs, I wouldn't have been without two.
- “The reins are fluffy, exploding, a daring wagon flies. fluffy reins exploding. »
- “Exploding. Reins exploding. reins. "He'll say something like that! They let me write, God forgive me! And all ten, in fact, did it! The devils brought her at the wrong time!
- “Here is a yard boy running. yard boy, planting a bug in a sleigh. having planted »
So, he ate, if he runs and indulges. And the parents don’t have the mind to put the boy to work. Than to carry a dog, it would be better to chop wood or Holy Bible read. And the dogs were bred too. neither pass nor pass! I wish I didn't sit down after dinner. Have dinner and leave.
- “He is both hurt and funny, and his mother threatens. and his mother threatens him out the window. »
Thunderstorm, thunderstorm. Too lazy to go out into the yard and punish. I would have pulled up his fur coat and chik-chik! chik-chik! It's better than pointing fingers. And then, look, a drunkard will come out of him. Who wrote it? Prachkin asked loudly.
Pushkin, dad.
Pushkin? Um. Must be some weirdo. They write and write, but what they write - they themselves do not understand. Just to write!"
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window...
This small excerpt from "Eugene Onegin" all Russian people know. But the further we move away from the era of A.S. Pushkin, the more difficult it is for young children to learn this poem by heart. Why? Because there are at least 8 lines for 14 lines obsolete words, without understanding which the child will not draw in his imagination a picture captured by the poet. Will not feel the joy and freshness of the first frosty day, delight and unity of nature and man.
Children easily memorize verses when they understand them. Therefore, all incomprehensible words must be explained.
Drovni- this is a sleigh on which they carried firewood. reins- ruts, furrows, traces of runners in the snow. Kibitka- a covered wagon. What does covered mean? A leather or cloth top, a "hood", was attached to the sledge or flight crew, this is the prototype of the modern convertible.
A man driving horses and carts. The coachman ruled postal or coachman (similar to a taxi) wagons. He was sitting on the box, the driver's seat at the front of the wagon. Sheepskin coat - a fur coat, cut like a robe, hugging the whole body, as a rule, was belted with a sash - a belt sewn, as a rule, from a wide braid or cloth, sometimes with velvet at the ends, the sash tied a person around the waist and was used with outerwear. The red sash was a sign of panache, in addition, its color was easily recognizable from afar. The yard boy is a small servant in a manor house. Sled - our usual, manual, sled. And the Bug was the name of all black dogs. (What color should the dog be drawn for the fairy tale "Turnip"?)
Why does the wagon fly, the peasant triumphs, and the boy laughs? Because everyone is happy with the snow. Let's read the verses preceding "Winter ..." and opening the fifth chapter of the poem:
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night.
Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.
That's why everyone rejoices - the coachman, the peasant, the child, the mother: people were waiting for the snow and missed it.
Now that all unfamiliar words are understood, images begin to appear in the child. In the background, a fast wagon rushes, a fashionable coachman (a red sash!) Drives horses with daring. Snowflakes scatter around (like splashes scatter in the wake of a boat). Towards the wagon, or maybe behind it, a skinny peasant horse slowly drags along, she carries the peasant into the forest. Why not from the forest? Because the peasant horse renews the path, that is, it runs along the first snow, laying grooves, ruts, this is also an indication of part of the day. Morning, no doubt, early morning. Not everyone is awake yet.
The yard boy is not busy and can play. He rejoices in the first snow this winter, he is fiddling with a black dog and a sled, and although he is cold, he does not want to part with sunny sparks in the snow. His mother threatens him through the window, but does not interfere, she herself is glad of the snow - for her, snow means rest from field work and good winter, cheerful mood. She probably looks at her son and admires him, she probably smiles ...
Having well understood what the poem is about, and having drawn a picture in his imagination, the child will remember with pleasure the peasant, the wagon and the boy with the dog. The imagination will turn on, the feeling of frost and the winter sun will be remembered. By the way, such description poems give unlimited scope for drawing.
In connection with this work, older children can read the story of A.P. Chekhov "Not in a good mood" (1884). Main character, police officer Prachkin, for the first time in his life hears Pushkin's lines and comments on them in accordance with his life experience and bad mood after a card loss (staff bailiff - a police position in which a person led the investigation of police, executive and administrative cases):
"-" Winter ... The peasant, triumphant ... - monotonously crammed the son of the police officer, Vanya, in the next room. - The peasant, triumphant ... renews the path ... "
- "Triumphing ..." - reflects involuntarily listening to the bailiff. - "If he had been hit with a dozen hot ones, he would not have been very triumphant. Rather than triumph, it would be better to pay taxes regularly ...
- "His horse, smelling snow ... smelling snow, trots somehow ..." - Prachkin hears further and cannot refrain from remarking:
"- If only she would gallop away! What kind of trotter was found, say mercy! A nag - a nag is ...
- "Here is a yard boy running ... a yard boy, putting a bug in a sleigh ..."
- So, he ate, if he runs and indulges ... And the parents do not have the mind to put the boy to work. Than to carry a dog, it would be better to chop wood ...
- "He is both hurt and funny, and his mother threatens ... and his mother threatens him through the window ..."
- Threat, threaten ... Too lazy to go out into the yard and punish ... I would lift his fur coat and chik-chik! chik-chik! It's better than shaking a finger... Otherwise, look, a drunkard will come out of him... Who composed this?" - in the end, Prachkin can't stand it.
- Pushkin, dad.
- Pushkin? Hm! .. Must be some kind of eccentric. They write and write, but what they write - they themselves do not understand! Just to write!"
However, here you need to act very delicately. Humor should be based on understanding the situation. Better take your time, don't read this story to children - junior schoolchildren until they are sure they understand why Apollon Grigoriev, poet and literary critic 19th century said: "Pushkin is our everything".
Tatyana Lavrenova
Comment on the article "Winter. The peasant triumphs"
I must be explaining badly. For example, I explained the meaning of the word train for a long time - these are wagons coupled to each other and a steam locomotive. She explained the day when they were traveling on the train (an example was before my eyes), after a day I could not explain the difference between a steam locomotive and a train.
Discussion
It is possible (as the same colleague in the struggle for the cause and the sufferer) just with all my might, I wish everything to work out faster!
I won’t tell you about the case, but mine has some strange problem with memory (abstract?): He remembers many things from deep childhood or just little things, and the multiplication table can still stumble: (Everyone has his own kind of ...
go to a psychoneurologist, ask for a referral to the center of speech pathology and neurorehabilitation, where specialists will tell you in which direction to work.
I don't understand anything. Assignment: explain the meaning of the words and the reason for their appearance in the text The child turns to me with a question for the third time in all the time of study, and then I sat in a puddle, this is by no means the reason for their appearance. even if you consider the words morally obsolete ...
Discussion
I would like to directly dissidently answer that the reason for their appearance is the inability of people to express their thoughts mentally, and not in words
then words are used that are suitable for the meaning of the plot
in general, once again I am convinced that literature at school is evil
should be changed to the development of speech and rhetoric
and which character is positive and which is not, and what the author wanted to say - everyone must determine this for himself, and not according to the teacher's standard
Darkness is easy! Poor kids!!! Modern "art in great debt", how to say about modern education in terms acceptable to society - I don’t even know! I also do not understand what they want from children! The reasons for the appearance of words! all traditions and legends were presented in accordance with the vocabulary of the corresponding time and historical period! and after all, in the task there is talk about etymology, as I understand it, but they ask about the reasons for the appearance of words!?! well, it wasn't before words depicting and illustrating certain phenomena and objects - so they appeared! Game...
I'll explain why. The child likes to read about what interests him. What would be the interest if, after half an hour of panting, the child is finally a child who is just learning to read, it is difficult to read such a long word as transformers, with three consonants together.
Discussion
I saw the interest in the signs. When I started trying to read them, I realized that interest woke up
She taught syllables and the form of words. That is, short ones were read immediately in words, long ones - in pieces, but not quite in syllables, but convenient for reading, as if singing a word
I learned to read in a few months, at 5.5. But then there were problems when he had to read in syllables at school, he had to represent the division into syllables.
Until the 4th I read better than anyone in the class.
Any advice for the future? DO NOT TEACH CHILDREN LETTERS until the time comes to pick up Zhukova's Primer. And you will be happy.
About declensions, how to explain?. School. Child from 7 to 10. About declensions, how to explain? Set to learn the rule over the weekend. Why declensions are needed - in order to know by the word what endings will be in different cases.
Discussion
thank you very much - thank you all!
People have noticed that nouns change in different ways, have different endings with the same question. Here, for example, why if we admire, then we admire the grass, the earth, the horse, the cloud, life? Why is the question the same, but the endings of nouns are so different? They began to observe and noticed that some nouns have such-and-such endings in different cases (and they called these nouns nouns of the 1st type of declension), others have such-and-such, and still others have such-and-such. And the declension to which we attribute the noun depends only on its gender and ending in the initial form ...
And here everything is simple:
if the endings are -а, -я (f. and m. gender) - 1 declension
if zero (m. rod) or -o, -e (s. rod) - 2 declension
if zero, but genus is the third.
Section: Adoption (how to explain to kindergarten parents that you need to perform in Czechs at a holiday). Of course, we don’t go to the garden so often, however, is it really difficult if the music director knows this, to print out the words of the song to the child that we would learn at home ?!
Discussion
Oh, try to somehow organize a children's party .... or something like that. You will be surprised how difficult it is to do.
How difficult it is to assign roles so as not to offend anyone (I remember how we once had 4 supermen at a matinee who performed together. Otherwise, it was impossible to distribute roles, all the boys wanted to be supermen and no one wanted to be a prince :).
Lines with text....I don't know. Most often, parents lose the text, at best. At worst, they remember that they were kind of given something the night before the holiday. And they begin to call on the phone, urgently, urgently, to find out what they were supposed to learn. Yeah, the night before...all at the same time.
For me, tin is your words: "The child has a problem with gender identity, they put him to do the exercise in the role of a girl (I already swore to myself) !!!"
Didn't understand?! Who has cockroaches in your head or mine? Does your child enjoy being a girl? Maybe he asked for it? What is the problem? Or are you afraid to raise a homo? So it is ... from birth. You don't educate. Do you want to instill a gender identity in him??!!
03/06/2012 00:01:05, masha__usa >"Peasant, triumphant..."
In 1926, I studied at the Leningrad University at the Seminary (then they used to say "seminary" and not "seminar", as it is now) on Pushkin with L. V. Shcherba. Classes were held according to the method of "slow reading", which accustomed students to a deep philological understanding of texts. During the year we read only a few lines from " Bronze Horseman". We had all sorts of dictionaries and grammars at our disposal. We searched for a grammatically clear, philologically accurate understanding of the text, delved into the history of studying the meanings of each word. I remember that we devoted several lessons to finding out what the pronoun "their" refers to in the following lines:
Neva all night
Rushed to the sea against the storm,
Without defeating their violent dope ...
And she couldn't argue...
This difficulty is real, it cannot be solved unambiguously. But in Pushkin's verses there are imaginary difficulties caused by the fact that we are already poorly aware of some realities, features of life that were close to Pushkin.
In "Eugene Onegin" in chapter five, stanza II begins with the lines familiar to everyone from childhood:
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow...
Why "celebrating"? Has it become easier for the peasant to travel? Why is the "renewal of the path" on the freshly fallen snow associated with a peasant with some special celebration?
Pushkin knew peasant life, and everything that is connected in his poetry with the village is very accurate and not at all accidental.
The "triumph" of the peasant does not refer to the "renewal of the path" along the first road, but to the snow that has fallen in general. The preceding first stanza of the same chapter says:
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting,
Snow fell only in January
On the third night.
If the autumn weather without snow had stood longer, the winter crops would have died. The peasant triumphs and rejoices in the snow, for the harvest is saved by the snow that fell "on the third of the night."
That such an interpretation is correct is proved by the beginning of the poem "Domovoi" (1819):
Estates of a peaceful invisible patron,
I beg you, my good brownie,
Keep the village, the forest and my wild garden,
And my modest family abode!
May the fields not be harmed by the dangerous coldness of the rains
And the winds of the late autumn forays;
Yes, the snows are beneficial at the time
Will cover the damp fat of the fields!
The next words - "snow smelling" - are obscure now. Why does a horse "smell the snow" but not see it? Why is she "trotting somehow"? On this occasion, I turned to a well-known literary critic and at the same time a master of equestrian sports, the author of the book "The Iron Message" D. M. Urnov. Here is what he wrote to me in a letter. With the kind consent of D. M. Urnov, I am quoting the text of his reply to me.
"Somehow" means here, as I understand it, reluctantly, timidly, cautiously. The horse does not like the wrong and unfamiliar road, and the snow has just fallen, creeping under the hoof, blackness comes across - the earth is unfilled, and even some familiar stump or the stone looks new, frightening. This is a common thing with any horse, not necessarily a peasant. Horses, as a rule, are blind, every spot under their feet seems like a hole to them. Some of them will never go through a shadow, a puddle, but you start to urge - they will jump, just like over a hole, but they won’t go like that. Besides, as I already said, the horse really doesn’t like it when the road is unsteady, its leg crawls, goes somewhere, fails. And now you drive out through the first snow, and the horse begins to resist. Sometimes it literally resists, stops in front of some stick blackening in the snow and does not go (just yesterday, through the mud, past the same stick as if nothing had happened!), but in general this is what the horsemen say - "rests ", that is, he goes reluctantly, and Pushkin, who traveled a lot in the village, of course, knew this well.
"Snow sensing" - the horse first of all and mainly smells everything. Her eyes are relatively weak, her hearing is not bad, but the main thing is her flair.
Very often the reader is perplexed - how it is possible to "trot". In modern Russian, the lynx is associated with the fast running of a horse. But from the point of view of a connoisseur of horses, this is not entirely true. Lynx is a generic concept. There is a slow trot. From her, according to the explanations of D. M. Urnov, the lynx begins: "belly-belly." The horse trotted, then "medium trot" and finally "max" - fast trot.
So, Pushkin knew the peasant life not as a city dweller, but as a villager.
