In the version about the murder of the Dyatlov group, evidence appeared that led to new conclusions. The reason for this was the appearance on the program "Actually" of the only witness - pensioner Benjamin. Old man claimed to know the killer and was the last person to see the live group.
Tourists before their difficult hike stopped in the village of Vizhay, which was a special regime camp. There they were greeted cordially, after which the group went to the village "41 quarter". Prisoners and civilian workers lived there, who mined wood. Despite their past, they treated the tourists with care, fed them and showed a couple of films. Radio amateur Valentin Degterev believes that there were no attempts to persuade the girls from the group to have sex.
Eyewitness Veniamin claims that the commander sent him, along with a horse and a coachman, to accompany the Dyatlov group to the Second Northern Mine. At the same time, the witness was confused in the testimony. According to him, people were walking, and the photographs show that they were skiing.
At the very beginning of the campaign, the tenth member of the group, Yuri Yudin, refused to travel. On the footage, Degterev noticed a lagging tourist, but found an oddity.
“There are eight people in the picture. One takes a picture. There are nine in total. And where is our soldier named Benjamin? So where is he?!" Valentine wrote.
Witness Veniamin claims that he led the Dyatlovites to the Mansi dwelling, where they were met by a certain Andrey. At the same time, the criminal case states that no one lived in the settlement at that time. According to Benjamin, it was this man who was the killer, since the tourists did not share alcohol and money with him.
Valentin, a radio amateur, suggested that there were illegal gold miners in this village.
"The business was a source of considerable income for the head of the camp, as well as for his subordinates. Somehow, the Dyatlovites saw how this production was going," Degterev added.
Several people attacked the Dyatlov group and dealt harshly with them, since in those days execution was prescribed for illegal gold mining.
Thus, the real reason what happened was that the tourists saw the forbidden and paid for it. The authorities knew the truth, but deliberately confused the matter so as not to aggravate relations with the Mansi people.
The pass is named after Igor Dyatlov, the leader of an expedition of tourists who planned to climb to a height of 1,79 m in the Subpolar Urals. On the night of February 2, 1959, Dyatlov and eight other members of his group died under unclear circumstances.
Experienced young people who climbed the mountain not for the first time, for some reason turned out to be half-dressed, some without shoes and almost all without outerwear. It is also strange that the tent was cut up - the guys got out of it hastily, also for an unknown reason. The injuries of the victims also raise many questions: traces of nosebleeds as in barotrauma, damage to internal organs, numerous bone fractures, and all this in the absence of traces of external influence.
Contributing to the publication of the book. This is, of course, only a small part of the entire book. But this is convenient for those who do not want or are not able to order the entire book in print. In addition to contributing to the publication of the book, doing a good deed for the development of the history of your region, you will also receive a block of photographs from the films of tourists along with the version. The first pages of the version are provided by the author to our portal.
Version-reconstruction of the death of the Dyatlov group based on the materials of the investigation in a criminal case, after studying the main versions of the death of the group, as well as studying other factual data that are important and are direct or indirect confirmation of the version.
In 1959, a group of students and graduates of the UPI Sverdlovsk went on a hike of the highest category of difficulty in the mountains of the Northern Urals. Their route is completely unexplored. Tourists go on it for the first time. The leader of the campaign, Igor Dyatlov, planned to complete the campaign in 20 days, but no one was destined to return alive from the campaign. With the exception of one who left the group citing ill health. Having decided to spend the night on the mountain with a mark of 1079, tourists find themselves in conditions that stop them last hike. However, according to the itinerary of the trip, the group should not have stopped at this mountain at all. The search will be long and difficult. The finds will baffle everyone. It is no coincidence that the local Mansi people called this mountain Halatchakhl or "Mountain of the Dead". But is everything as mysterious and inexplicable as some people think? After studying the materials of the criminal case and other factual data that are relevant to the essence of the tragedy, the author creates a version-reconstruction of the death of tourists, which he presents to readers, based on facts, captivating the reader and offering to become a participant in the search and study of this difficult story.
1. Hike to Otorten
A trip to the Ural Mountains, to one of the peaks of the Poyasovoi Kamen ridge of the Northern Urals, to Mount Otorten was conceived by tourists from the tourism section of the sports club of the Sergey Kirov Ural Polytechnic Institute in the city of Sverdlovsk back in the fall of 1958. From the very beginning, Luda Dubinina, a 3rd year student and several other guys, were determined to go on a hike. But nothing worked until an experienced tourist, who already had experience in leading groups, 5th year student Igor Dyatlov, took up the organization of the trip.
Initially, the group was formed in the amount of 13 people. In this form, the composition of the group ended up in the route project, which Dyatlov submitted to the route commission:
But later Vishnevsky, Popov, Bienko and Verkhoturov dropped out. However, shortly before the trip, the instructor of the Kourovskaya camp site on the Chusovaya River, Alexander Zolotarev, known almost exclusively to Igor Dyatlov, was included in the group. As Alexander, he introduced himself to the guys.
The tourists were going to take personal equipment and some equipment from the UPI sports club with them. The campaign was timed to coincide with the beginning of the 21st Congress of the CPSU, for which they even received a ticket from the trade union committee of the UPI. She subsequently helped to move to the starting point of the route - the village of Vizhay and beyond, gave official status to tourists as participants in an organized event, and not a wild hike, when a group appeared in any public place where an overnight stay or passing transport was required.
The route that Igor Dyatlov was going to take with the group was new, so still none of the UPI tourists and even the whole of Sverdlovsk did not go. Being the pioneers of the route, the tourists intended to get to the village of Vizhay by train and by car, from the village of Vizhay to get to the village of Vtoroy Severny, then go northwest along the valley of the Auspiya River and along the tributaries of the Lozva River to Mount Otorten. After climbing this peak, it was planned to turn south and go along the Poyasovyi Kamen ridge along the headwaters of the sources of the rivers Unya, Vishera and Niols to Mount Oiko-Chakur (Oykachahl). From Oiko-Chakur to eastbound along the valleys of the Malaya Toshemka or Bolshaya Toshemka rivers, until they merge into the Northern Toshemka, then onto the highway and again into the village of Vizhay.
According to the Project of the campaign, which was approved by the Chairman of the route commission Korolev and a member of the march commission Novikov, Dyatlov expected to spend 20 or 21 days on the campaign.
This hike was assigned the highest third category of difficulty according to the then existing system for determining the categories of hikes in sports tourism. According to the instructions in force at that time, the "troika" was assigned if the trip lasts at least 16 days, at least 350 km will be covered, of which 8 days in sparsely populated areas, and if at least 6 overnight stays are made in the field. Dyatlov had twice as many such overnight stays.
The release was scheduled for January 23, 1959. Igor Dyatlov intended to return with the group to Sverdlovsk on February 12-13. And earlier, from the village of Vizhay, the UPI sports club and the city sports club of Sverdlovsk should have received a telegram from him that the route was successfully completed. It was the usual practice of hiking and the requirement for instructions to report to the sports club. It was originally planned to return to Vizhay and give a telegram about the return on February 10th. However, Igor Dyatlov postponed the return to Vizhay to February 12. The precise engineering calculation of Igor Dyatlov underwent a change in schedule due to one emergency, which was the first failure in a group event. At the first stage of the campaign, Yuri Yudin left the route.
On January 23, 1959, the Dyatlov group began a trip to Otorten from the railway station in Sverdlovsk, consisting of 10 people: Igor Dyatlov, Zina Kolmogorova, Rustem Slobodin, Yuri Doroshenko, Yuri Krivonischenko, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles, Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Zolotarev, Alexander Kolevatov and Yuri Yudin. However, on the 5th day of the campaign on January 28, Yuri Yudin leaves the group for health reasons. He went out with a group from last locality on the route - the village of the 41st quarter and went to the non-residential village of Second Severny, when he had a problem with his legs. He obviously would have delayed the group, as he moved slowly even without a backpack. He lagged behind. Lost formation. However, in that transition between these villages, 41 quarter-Second North tourists got lucky. In the village, tourists going on a hike towards the 21st Congress of the CPSU were given a horse. Backpacks of tourists from the village of 41 quarters to the village of Second Severny were carried by a horse with a driver on a sleigh. Ill Yuri Yudin returns to Sverdlovsk.
The equipment at that time of the development of tourism was very heavy and not perfect. Backpacks of an old design, very heavy in themselves, a bulky tent made of heavy tarpaulin, a stove weighing about 4 kilograms, several axes, a saw. An additional increase in the load in the form of a mass of backpacks and the departure of Yury Yudin from the group itself prompted them to postpone the control time of the group's arrival back to Vizhay for two days. Dyatlov asked Yudin to warn the UPI sports club about the postponement of the return telegram from February 10 to February 12.
The description of this reconstruction version contains a possible presumption of responsibility and seriousness of the intentions of the participants in the campaign to return alive and unharmed. Speculation regarding the unsportsmanlike behavior of the participants in the campaign, which caused the death of the group, is excluded.
- Dyatlov Igor Alekseevich born on 13.01.36 just turned 23 years old
- Kolmogorova Zinaida Alekseevna born on 01/12/37, recently turned 22 years old,
- Doroshenko Yuri Nikolaevich born on 01/29/38, on the 6th day of the campaign he turns 21 years old
- Krivonischenko Georgy (Yura) Alekseevich born February 7, 1935, 23 years old, he should have turned 24 years old on the campaign,
- Dubinina Lyudmila Alexandrovna born on May 12, 1938 20 years,
- Kolevatov Alexander Sergeevich Born 11/16/1934 24 years,
- Slobodin Rustem Vladimirovich born on 01/11/1936, recently turned 23 years old,
- Thibaut-Brignolle Nikolai Vasilievich born 06/05/1935 23 years old
- Zolotarev Alexander Alekseevich born 02.02.1921 37 years.
There is no contact with tourists. No one in Sverdlovsk knows how the campaign goes. There are no radios for tourists. There are no intermediate points on the route from where tourists would contact the city. On February 12, the sports club UPI does not receive the agreed telegram about the end of the campaign. Tourists do not return to Sverdlovsk either on February 12, or on February 15, or on February 16. But the chairman of the UPI sports club, Lev Gordo, sees no reason for concern. Then the relatives of the tourists sounded the alarm. At that time, there were no structures of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, sports committees, trade union committees, city committees, with the support of internal troops and the armed forces, were engaged in the search for missing tourists. The search began on February 20, 1959. Great help UPI students, the sports community of Sverdlovsk, and military personnel took part in the search. In total, several groups of search engines were recruited. The groups of search engines necessarily included UPI students. The groups were delivered to the areas that the Dyatlov group should pass along its route. The accident and its consequences were to be discovered by Dyatlov's classmates. The organizers of the search hardly doubted that the irreparable had happened. But the search was wide-ranging. The military and civil Aviation from Ivdel airport. The search for students was given a lot great attention due to the fact that two participants in the campaign, graduates of the UPI, Rustem Slobodin and Yura Krivonischenko were engineers from secret defense mailboxes. Slobodin worked at the research institute. Krivonischenko at the factory where the first atomic weapon. Now this production association "Mayak" is located in the city of Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region.
Several search groups searched for the tourists of the Dyatlov group at various supposed points along the route. After the discovery of the first corpses of tourists, the prosecutor's office initiated a criminal case, which began to be investigated by the prosecutor of the city of Ivdel, closest to the site of the tragedy, Junior Counselor of Justice V.I. Tempalov. Then the preliminary investigation was continued and completed by the forensic prosecutor of the prosecutor's office of the Sverdlovsk region, Junior Counselor of Justice LN Ivanov.
The search engines Boris Slobtsov and Misha Sharavin, UPI students, were the first to find the Dyatlov group's tent. It turned out to be installed on the eastern slope of peak 1096. Otherwise, this peak was called – Mount Halatchakhl. Halatchahl – This is a Mansi name. Several legends are associated with this mountain. The indigenous Mansi people preferred not to go to this mountain. There was a belief that on this mountain a certain spirit killed 9 Mansi hunters, and since then everyone who climbs the mountain will be cursed by shamans. Halatchakhl in the Mansi language sounds like this - the mountain of the Dead.
How they found the tent, Boris Slobtsov told on April 15, 1959, under the protocol to prosecutor Ivanov:
“I flew to the scene by helicopter on February 23, 1959. I led the search party. The tent of the Dyatlov group was discovered by our group on the afternoon of February 26, 1959.
When they approached the tent, they found that the entrance of the tent protruded from under the snow, and the rest of the tent was under the snow. Around the tent in the snow were ski poles and spare skis - 1 pair. The snow on the tent was 15-20 cm thick, it was clear that the snow was inflated on the tent, it was hard.
Near the tent, near the entrance to the snow, an ice ax was stuck; on the tent, on the snow, lay a Chinese pocket lantern, which, as it was later established, belonged to Dyatlov. It was not clear that under the lantern there was snow about 5-10 cm thick, there was no snow above the lantern, it was a little sprinkled with snow on the sides.
Below you will often find extracts from interrogation protocols and other materials of a criminal case, often the only factual documents that shed light on the tragedy. During the investigation, search engines and other witnesses were interrogated, who reported to the investigation certain factual data. It should be noted that the lines of the protocols in this case were not always “dry” or “clerical”, sometimes even lengthy discussions about the state of tourism and the level of organization of tourist searches were found in the protocols. But sometimes some data surfaced later in the memoirs of search engines or eyewitnesses of searches.
Boris Slobtsov, who discovered the tent, later clarified the details of the find of the tent in one of the articles in the All-Russian magazine of extreme travel and adventures:
“Our path with Sharavin and the hunter Ivan lay on the pass in the valley of the Lozva River and further on to the ridge, from which we hoped to see Mount Otorten with binoculars. On the Sharavin pass, looking through the eastern slope of the ridge through binoculars, I saw something in the snow that looked like a littered tent. We decided to go up there, but without Ivan. He said that he was not feeling well and would wait for us at the pass (we realized that he had just "fell"). As we approached the tent, the slope became steeper and denser, and we had to leave the skis and last dozen meters to go without skis, but with sticks.
Finally, we hit the tent, we stand, we are silent and we don’t know what to do: the slope of the tent in the center is torn, there is snow inside, some things, skis stick out, an ice ax is stuck in the snow at the entrance, people are not visible, it’s scary, already horror!. ."
(“Rescue work in the Northern Urals, February 1959, Dyatlov Pass”, EKS magazine, No. 46, 2007).
On February 26, 1959, a tent was discovered. After the discovery of the tent, the search for tourists was organized.
The prosecutor of Ivdel was summoned to the scene. Inspection of the tent by prosecutor Tempalov is dated February 28, 1959. But the first investigative action was an inspection of the first discovered corpses, which was carried out on February 27, 1959. The corpse of Yura Krivonischenko and the corpse of Yura Doroshenko (he was first mistaken for the corpse of A. Zolotarev) were found below in a hollow, between Mount Halatchakhl and a height of 880, where there was a stream bed flowing into the fourth tributary of the Lozva. Their bodies lay near a tall cedar, at a distance of about 1500 meters from the tent, on a hillock at the base of height 880, at the base of the pass, which would later be called in their memory the “Dyatlov Group Pass”. A bonfire was found next to the cedar. The corpses of two Yurs were found in their underwear without shoes.
Then, with the help of dogs, under a thin layer of snow of 10 cm on the line from the tent to the cedar, the corpses of Igor Dyatlov and Zina Kolmogorova were found. They were also without outerwear and without shoes, but still they were better dressed. Igor Dyatlov was at a distance of about 1200 meters from the tent and about 300 meters from the cedar, and Zina Kolmogorova at a distance of about 750 meters from the tent and about 750 meters from the cedar. Igor Dyatlov's hand peeked out from under the snow, leaning on a birch. He froze in such a position, as if ready to get up and go in search of comrades again.
From the protocol of inspection of the first found corpses, which became the protocol of inspection of the scene, the active phase of the investigation of the criminal case began on the death of tourists from the Dyatlov group. After the discovery of the first corpses, and the discovery of a tent torn in several places, the corpse of Rustem Slobodin will soon be found under the snow. It was under a layer of snow of 15-20 centimeters on a slope conditionally between the corpse of Dyatlov and Kolmogorova, about 1000 meters from the tent and about 500 meters from the cedar. Slobodina also did not have better clothes, one leg was shod in felt boots. As the forensic medical examination will later show, all the tourists found died from frostbite. Rustem Slobodin's autopsy will reveal a 6 cm long crack in the skull, which he received during his lifetime. Rustem Slobodin was discovered by search engines in the classic “corpse bed”, which is observed in frozen people if the body cooled down directly on the snow. Then began a long search for the remaining tourists Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles, Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Kolevatov, Alexander Zolotarev. The snow cover of the slope, light forest zones and the forest area around the cedar were combed by search engines with dogs, probed by avalanche probes. They no longer believed in the salvation of the Dyatlovites. The search went on throughout February, March and April. And now, on May 5, after exhausting, long and difficult prospecting work, when excavating snow in a ravine, they found a flooring.
Next to the flooring, 6 meters from it, in the bed of a stream flowing along the bottom of the ravine, they found the last four corpses of tourists. The flooring and tourists were dug out from under a large layer of snow. In May, the fir twigs and parts of the Dyatlovites’ clothes that had just melted out from under the snow were pointed to the excavation site. On May 6, the bodies in the ravine and the flooring were examined.
The location of the discovery of the flooring and the corpses "in the ravine" can be established with authenticity based on the materials of the criminal case.
In the protocol of the inspection of the scene dated May 6, 1959, made by the prosecutor Tempalov, the location of the last corpses is described as follows:
“On the slope of the western side of height 880 from the famous cedar, 50 meters in the stream, 4 corpses were found, including three men and one woman. The body of the woman has been identified - this is Lyudmila Dubinina. It is impossible to identify the bodies of men without raising them.
All corpses are in the water. They were excavated from under the snow with a depth of 2.5 meters to 2 meters. Two men and a third lie with their heads to the north along the stream. The corpse of Dubinina was lying in the opposite direction with its head against the current of the stream.(from the materials of the criminal case)
In the Resolution on the termination of the criminal case, issued by the forensic prosecutor Ivanov on May 28, 1959, the location of the flooring and the corpses is more precisely defined:
“75 meters from the fire, towards the valley of the fourth tributary of the Lozva, i.e. perpendicular to the path of movement of tourists from the tent, under a layer of snow 4-4.5 meters away, the bodies of Dubinina, Zolotarev, Thibault-Brignolles and Kolevatov were found.
(from the materials of the criminal case)
This perpendicular can be seen in the scheme from the criminal case.
(from the materials of the criminal case)
70 meters from the cedar. "To the river Lozva" - this means from the cedar to the north-west. The stream flows past the cedar from south to north towards Lozva. It flows into the 4th tributary of the Lozva.
Schematically, the location of the flooring and the last four corpses can be depicted as follows:
The location of the ravine on the map:
The ravine was covered with snow in February and from March to April until May 6, 1959. The ravine was also covered with snow in April 2001, when M. Sharavin was there as part of the Popov-Nazarov expedition ...
Between the tent and the cedar there was a ravine, along the bottom of which a stream flows. The ravine stretches from south to north in the direction of a stream flowing along its bottom to the 4th tributary of the Lozva. But by February 26, the ravine was already covered with snow. It is not even noticeable that until recently there was a ravine. You can only see the slope, the right eastern bank of the stream, which rose to a height of about 5-7 meters. This was shown by the search engine Yuri Koptelov.
“On the edge (further the slope was steeper) we saw paired tracks of several pairs, deep, on firn snow. They walked perpendicular to the slope of the tent in the valley of the tributary of the river. Lozva. We crossed from the left bank of the valley to the right bank and after about 1.5 km we ran into a wall, 5-7 meters high, where the stream made a turn to the left. In front of us was a height of 880, and on the right was a pass, which was later called lane. Dyatlov. We climbed the ladder (head-on) to this wall. I'm on the left, Mikhail is to the right of me. In front of us were rare low birches and firs, and then towered a big tree- cedar.
(from the materials of the criminal case)
It seems quite reliable that Yuri Koptelov described the place of the alleged fall of the tourists Zolotarev, Dubinina and Thibaut-Brignolle. With certainty, it can be assumed that the place from which the fir and birch for flooring were cut off are those very “rare low birches and fir trees” from Koptelov’s description. And Yury Koptelov and Misha Sharavin climbed a little to the right of the wall, where the wall is not so high and flatter, which makes it more possible to climb the ladder on skis in the forehead. It's just about opposite the cedar.
The bodies of the last 4 tourists were found in a ravine under a layer of snow 2-2.5 meters thick.
Considering that the bottom of the ravine was not yet covered with snow on February 1, because It was after February 1 that witnesses noted heavy snowfalls and snowstorms in the area of the Poyasovy Kamen ridge (their testimonies are below), then a fall on a rocky bottom from a steep 5-7 meters high seems very dangerous. But more on that below.
“January 31, 1959. Today the weather is a little worse - wind (west), snow (apparently with firs) because the sky is completely clear. We left relatively early (about 10 am). We go along the beaten Mansi ski trail. (Until now, we have been walking along the Mansi path, along which a hunter rode a reindeer not very long ago.) Yesterday we met, apparently, his overnight stay, the deer did not go further, the hunter himself did not go along the notches of the old path, we are following his trail now . Today was a surprisingly good overnight stay, warm and dry, despite the low temperature (-18° -24°). Walking today is especially difficult. The trail is not visible, we often stray from it or grope. Thus, we pass 1.5-2 km per hour. We develop new methods of more productive walking. The first one drops the backpack and walks for 5 minutes, then returns, rests for 10-15 minutes, then catches up with the rest of the group. This is how the non-stop way of laying tracks was born. It is especially difficult for the second one, who goes along the ski track, the first one, with a backpack. We are gradually separating from Auspiya, the ascent is continuous, but rather smooth. And now the spruces ran out, a rare birch forest went. We came to the edge of the forest. The wind is from the west, warm and piercing, the wind speed is similar to the air speed when the plane rises. Nast, naked places. You don’t even have to think about the device of the lobaza. About 4 hours. You have to choose accommodation. We descend to the south - to the valley of Auspiya. This is probably the snowiest place. The wind is light on snow 1.2-2 m thick. Tired, exhausted, they set about arranging an overnight stay. Firewood is scarce. Sickly raw spruce. The fire was built on logs, reluctance to dig a hole. We dine right in the tent. Warm. It is difficult to imagine such comfort somewhere on the ridge, with a piercing howl of the wind, a hundred kilometers from settlements.
(from the materials of the criminal case)
There are no more entries in the general diary, so far no entries have been found for other numbers after January 31 in personal diaries group members. The date of the last overnight stay is determined in the Resolution known to us on the termination of the criminal case, signed by the forensic prosecutor Ivanov as follows:
“In one of the cameras, a frame (taken last) was preserved, which shows the moment of excavation of snow to set up a tent. Considering that this shot was taken with a shutter speed of 1/25 sec., at an aperture of 5.6 with a film sensitivity of 65 units. GOST, and also taking into account the density of the frame, we can assume that the tourists started setting up the tent at about 5 pm on January 1, 1959. A similar picture was taken with another camera. After this time, not a single record and not a single photograph was found ... "
(from the materials of the criminal case)
Until now, no one has seen these pictures of setting up a tent in a criminal case. And this is the biggest mystery of the case...
Stanislav Ivlev
The continuation can be found in Stanislav Ivlev's book "The campaign of the Dyatlov group. In the footsteps of the Atomic Project." The whole book or separately full text reconstruction, you can order on the "Planet", contributing to the release of the book.
Then the story about the Dyatlov Pass, of course, should be familiar to you. In this article, we will consider in detail all the facts related to the mysterious death of the Dyatlov group.
Despite the fact that the death of individual tourists and entire tourist groups is not a unique phenomenon (only at least 111 people died in ski trips from 1975 to 2004), the death of the Dyatlov group continues to attract the attention of researchers, journalists and politicians - up to the coverage of events more than half a century ago on the central TV channels of Russia.
So, before you is the mystery of the Dyatlov Pass.
The secret of the Dyatlov pass
On the border of Komi and the Sverdlovsk region, in the north of the Urals, Mount Holatchakhl is located. Until 1959, in translation from Mansi, its name was translated as "Dead Peak", but in more late time it became known as the "Mountain of the Dead".
For unknown reasons, many people died on it under a variety of mystical circumstances. One of the most mysterious and mysterious tragedies occurred on the night of February 1, 1959.
Expedition Dyatlov
On this frosty and clear day, a group of tourists consisting of 10 people set off to conquer Kholatchakhl. Despite the fact that the skiers were still students, they already had sufficient experience in climbing mountain peaks.
The group leader was Igor Dyatlov.
Igor Dyatlov and two students from the tourist group - Zina Kolmogorova and Lyudmila Dubinina An interesting fact is that one of the participants, Yuri Yudin, was forced to return home at the start of the ascent.
His leg hurt a lot, so he would simply not physically be able to overcome a long distance with his comrades. As it turns out later, this sudden illness will save his life.
Dyatlov group
So, the expedition set off on a journey in the amount of 9 people. With the onset of darkness, on one of the slopes of the mountain, the Dyatlov group made a pass and set up tents. After that, the guys had dinner and went to bed.
It is worth noting here that according to the criminal case, the tent was set up correctly and with an acceptable degree of inclination. This means that no natural factors did not threaten the lives of the expedition members.
After studying the photographs subsequently discovered by the investigation team, it turned out that the tent was set up at approximately 6 pm.
The tent of the Dyatlov group, partially excavated from the snow And something happened that night that caused terrible death the whole group of 9 people.
When it became clear that the expedition was gone, the search began.
mountain of the dead
In the third week of the search, pilot Gennady Patrushev noticed the Dyatlov Pass and the dead tourists from the cockpit. An interesting fact is that, by some chance, the pilot met the guys from the Dyatlov group on the eve of their fatal ascent.
This acquaintance happened in one of the local hotels. Patrushev knew and understood perfectly well the dangers fraught with the famous "Mountain of the Dead". That is why he repeatedly dissuaded climbers from climbing it.
Igor Dyatlov's group on the eve of the tragedy He even tried to interest them in other peaks, doing everything possible so that they abandoned the planned trip. However, all the efforts of Gennady were in vain, since the goal of the tourists was the "Mountain of the Dead".
When the rescue team ended up at the pass where the tragedy occurred, a terrible picture opened up before them. Two people were lying near the entrance to the tent, and another was inside it.
The tent itself was cut from the inside. Apparently, the students, driven by some kind of fear, were forced to cut it with a knife, and then run away half-naked up the side of the mountain.
Mystery of the pass
Special attention deserves the study of footprints that the dead guys left on the pass. When studying them, it turned out that for some unknown reason, the members of the Dyatlov group ran around the pass in zigzags for some time, but then again gathered in one place.
It gave the impression that some supernatural power did not let them escape different sides from the impending danger.
Dyatlov Pass No foreign objects or alien traces were found on the pass. There were also no signs of a hurricane or avalanches.
Traces of the Dyatlov group are lost on the border with the forest.
Also, the investigation found that two students tried to make a fire near the pass. At the same time, for some reason, they were in the same underwear and, most likely, died from frostbite.
1.5 kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, near a high cedar, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found Igor Dyatlov himself lay in visible proximity to them. According to experts, he probably tried to crawl to the tent, but he did not have enough strength.
But this is not all the mysteries of the tragedy at the Dyatlov Pass.
The death of the Dyatlov group
No injuries were found on the bodies of 6 students, but the situation was different with the other three participants. They died as a result of multiple wounds with numerous hemorrhages.
Their heads were pierced through, some of the ribs were broken, and one of the girls had her tongue brutally torn out. An interesting fact is that the investigation team did not find any hematomas or even abrasions on the bodies of the dead.
The results of the autopsy raised even more questions. Cracks were found on the skull of one of the tourists, but the skin remained intact and intact, which, in principle, cannot be the case with such injuries.
Mystic
Since the death of the Dyatlov tourist group caused a serious commotion in society, forensic prosecutors arrived at the site of the tragic pass. They managed to discover some more inexplicable phenomena.
They noticed burnt marks on the trunks of fir trees growing on the outskirts of the forest, but no sources of ignition were identified. The experts concluded that some kind of heat beam was probably directed at the trees, damaging the fir trees in such a mysterious way.
This conclusion was also made because the rest of the trees remained intact, and the snow at their base had not even melted.
As a result detailed analysis of all the events that took place that night at the pass, the following picture emerged. After the tourists overcame about 500 m barefoot, they were overtaken and destroyed by some unknown force.
Radiation
During the investigation into the death of Dyatlov and his companions, the internal organs and belongings of the dead were examined for the presence of radioactive substances in them.
Here the investigators also expected inexplicable mystery. The fact is that experts found on the surface of the skin and directly on the things themselves radioactive substances, whose appearance was impossible to explain.
Indeed, in the territory Soviet Union no nuclear tests were conducted at that time.
UFO
There was even a version put forward that UFO was guilty of the death of the Dyatlov tourist group. Perhaps this assumption was due to the fact that during the search operation, the rescuers saw some fireballs flying over their heads. Nobody could explain this phenomenon.
Moreover, on the last day of March 1959, for 20 minutes locals watched in the sky creepy picture. A huge fiery ring was moving along it, which then disappeared behind the slope of one of the mountains.
Witnesses also said that a star suddenly appeared from the center of the ring, which slowly moved down until it completely disappeared from sight.
This mysterious incident left the already frightened locals in disarray. People turned to the authorities to engage scientists to carefully study the mysterious phenomenon and explain its nature.
Who killed the Dyatlov group
For some time, the investigation team assumed that representatives of the local Mansi people, who had already committed crimes of a similar nature, were guilty of the murder of the skiers.
Many suspects were detained and questioned by police officers, but in the end, all of them had to be released due to lack of evidence.
The criminal case on the fact of the death of Dyatlov's tourists at the tragic pass was closed.
Photo of members of the tour group on the monument (the initials and surname of Zolotarev are embossed with errors) The official wording was quite abstract and vague. It stated that the students died due to "a natural force that the tourists could not overcome".
The true cause of the death of the tour group on the "Mountain of the Dead" was never established.
Latest news about the Dyatlov group
From the moment of the tragedy and up to the present day, many different versions of the death of the Dyatlov group have been put forward. There are more than 60 of them in total.
Some believed that the cause of death of tourists was, others suggested that a man-made disaster was to blame.
The protocol stated that the skin of the dead was orange or purple, and, as mentioned earlier, a background radiation was found on the clothes.
The body of Igor Dyatlov with his right arm raised An interesting fact is that absolutely all the dead students from the Dyatlov group turned out to be gray-haired. This is possible only when people experience extremely strong fear or panic horror.
There is a version that the students died as a result of a rocket fall. This assumption appeared due to the fact that a ring belonging to one of the Soviet missiles was found near the site of the tragedy.
Explosion of a radioactive bomb
There is an opinion that the Dyatlov tour group died due to the “Vacuum Weapon”, which was allegedly tested in 1944. This is largely due to the fact that the skin of the dead had a reddish tint, and internal bleeding was also found.
Similar signs can be observed due to a vacuum explosion. But even in this case, everything is not so clear.
The fact is that the development of vacuum weapons began only at the end of the 60s of the last century, as a result of which this version cannot be taken seriously.
The Dyatlov group in 1959
On the film of the dead students, the investigators found the last frame, causing a lot of heated debate among the researchers. It depicts incomprehensible light spots on a dark background.
Some say that the picture was taken at the moment when the film was removed from the camera. According to another version, this shot was taken by one of the dead at the moment when they felt the approach of danger.
The Dyatlov group shortly before their tragic death Currently, there are 9 main versions of the death of the members of the Dyatlov expedition:
- avalanche;
- spy version about "controlled delivery";
- man-made disaster or weapons test;
- the killing of a group by the military;
- sound impact;
- conflict between skiers;
- attack by escaped prisoners;
- murder by robbers Mansi;
- paranormal activity.
Unfortunately, none of the nine assumptions can fully explain the cause of the terrible tragedy that occurred at the Mountain of the Dead Pass in 1959.
And although this creepy story happened more than half a century ago, it is still shrouded in secrets and mysteries. Perhaps in the future, more advanced equipment will help experts solve the case of the terrible death of the Dyatlov tour group on the Mountain of the Dead.
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The authors bring sincere gratitude for cooperation and provided information public fund in memory of the "Dyatlov group" and personally Yuri Kuntsevich, as well as Vladimir Askinadzi, Vladimir Borzenkov, Natalya Varsegova, Anna Kiryanova and Yekaterinburg photo processing specialists.
INTRODUCTION .
In the early morning of February 2, 1959, on the slope of Mount Holatchakhl in the vicinity of Mount Otorten in the Northern Urals, dramatic events took place that led to the death of a group of tourists from Sverdlovsk led by a student of the Ural Polytechnic Institute, 23-year-old Igor Dyatlov.
Many circumstances of this tragedy have not yet received a satisfactory explanation, giving rise to many rumors, conjectures, which gradually developed into legends and myths, based on which several books have been written and a number of feature films. We think we succeededrestore the true development of these events, which puts an end to this protracted history. Our version is based on strictly documentary sources, namely on the materials of the Criminal Case of the history of the death and search for Dyatlovites, as well as on some everyday and tourist experience. This is the version we bring to the attention of all interested persons and organizations, insisting on its authenticity, but not claiming a new coincidence in details.
HISTORY
On the night of February 1-2, 1959, a number of events occurred with the Dyatlov group before arriving at the place of a cold overnight stay on the slope of Mount Holatchakhl.
So, the very idea of this hike III, the highest category of difficulty, Igor Dyatlov arose long ago and took shape in December 1958, as told by Igor's senior comrades in tourism. *
The composition of the participants in the planned trip changed in the process of its preparation, reaching up to 13 people, but the backbone of the group, consisting of students and graduates of the UPI with experience in hiking, including joint ones, remained unchanged. It included - Igor Dyatlov - 23-year-old leader of the campaign, 20-year-old Lyudmila Dubinina - supply manager, Yuri Doroshenko - 21 years old, 22-year-old Alexander Kolevatov, Zinaida Kolmogorova - 22 years old, 23-year-old Georgy Krivonischenko , 22-year-old Rustem Slobodin, Nikolai Thibault - 23 years old, 22-year-old Yuri Yudin. Two days before the trip, the group was joined by 37-year-old Semyon Zolotarev, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a front-line soldier who graduated from the Institute of Physical Education, and a professional tourism instructor.
At the beginning, the campaign went according to plan, with the exception of one circumstance: on January 28, Yuri Yudin left the route due to illness. Way forward the group committed nine. Until January 31, the campaign, according to the general diary of the campaign, the diaries of individual participants, the photo given in the Case, went well: difficulties were overcome, and new places gave young people new impressions. On January 31, the Dyatlov group made an attempt to overcome the pass separating the valleys of the Auspiya and Lozva rivers, however, having met with a strong wind at a low temperature (about -18), they were forced to retreat to spend the night in the forested part of the Auspiya river valley. On the morning of February 1, the group got up late, left some of the food and things in a specially equipped storage shed (it took a long time), had lunch, and at about 3 pm on February 1, they set out on the route. The materials on the termination of the Criminal Case, apparently expressing the collective opinion of the investigation and the interviewed specialists, say that such a late start to the route was first Igor Dyatlov's mistake. At the beginning, the group most likely followed its old trail, and then continued moving in the direction of Mount Otorten and at about 17:00 stopped for a cold overnight stay, on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl.
To facilitate the perception of information, we present a wonderfully drawn up diagram of the place of events, given by Vadim Chernobrov (Fig. 1).
ill. 1. Scheme of the place of events.
The materials of the criminal Case say that Dyatlov "came to the wrong place," making a mistake in the direction and taking much more to the left than was required to pass to the pass between heights 1096 and 663. This, according to the compilers of the Case, was the second mistake of Igor Dyatlov.
We do not agree with the version of the investigation and believe that Igor Dyatlov stopped the group not by mistake, by accident, but SPECIALLY at the place previously planned in the previous transition.
Our opinion is not alone - this was also stated during the investigation by an experienced student tourist - Sogrin, who was part of one of the search and rescue teams that found Igor Dyatlov's tent. The modern researcher Borzenkov also speaks about the planned stop in the book “Dyatlov Pass. Research and materials”, Yekaterinburg 2016, p. 138. What prompted Igor Dyatlov to do this?
COLD OVERNIGHT.
Arriving as we feel , to the point predetermined by Dyatlov, the group proceeded to set up a tent, according to all "tourist and climbing rules." The question of a cold overnight baffles the most experienced specialists and is one of the main mysteries of the tragic campaign. Many different versions are put forward, up to the absurd, they say it was done for "training".
Only we managed to find a convincing version.
The question arises whether the participants in the campaign knew that Dyatlov plans cold overnight. We think that they didn’t know *, but they didn’t argue, knowing about the difficult temper of their leader from previous campaigns and stories about them and forgiving him in advance.
*This is indicated by the fact that the bonfire accessories (axe, saw and stove) were not left at the site of the storage shed, moreover, a dry log for kindling was even prepared.
Taking part in general works on the arrangement of an overnight stay, only one person expressed his protest, namely, a professional tourism instructor, 37-year-old Semyon Zolotarev, who went through the war. This protest was expressed in a very peculiar way, testifying to the high intellectual abilities of his applicant. Semyon Zolotarev created a very remarkable document, namely Combat sheet number 1 " Evening Otorten.
We consider Battle Sheet No. 1 "Evening Otorten" to be the key to unraveling the tragedy.
About the authorship of Zolotarev, says the title itself " Combat leaf." Semyon Zolotarev was the only veteran of the Great Patriotic War among the participants in the campaign, and a very well-deserved one, having four military awards, including the medal "For Courage". In addition, according to the tourist Axelrod, reflected in the Case, the handwriting of the handwritten "Evening Otorten" coincides with the handwriting of Zolotarev. So here it is at first"Battle leaflet", it is said that "according to the latest data of science Bigfoot live in the vicinity of Mount Otorten.
It must be said that at that time the whole world was engulfed in a fever of searching for Bigfoot, which has not died down to this day. Such searches were also carried out in the Soviet Union. We think that Igor Dyatlov was aware of this "problem" and dreamed of meeting Bigfoot and for the first time in the world and take a picture of it. It is known from the materials of the Case that Igor Dyatlov met with old hunters in Vizhay, consulted with them on the forthcoming campaign, perhaps it was also about Bigfoot. Of course, experienced hunters * told the "young" the whole "truth" about Bigfoot, where he lives, what his behavior is, what he loves.
* So the evidence of Chargin, 85 years old, is given in the case, that in Vizhay, a group of tourists from Dyatlovtsy addressed him as a hunter.
Of course, everything that was said was in the spirit of traditional hunting tales, but Igor Dyatlov believed what was said and decided that the surroundings of Otorten were just the perfect place for Bigfoot to live, and it was only a small matter - to get up for a cold night, cold, since Bigfoot loves the cold and out of curiosity, he himself will come to the tent. The place for a possible overnight stay was chosen by Igor in the previous transition on January 31, 1959, when the group actually reached the pass separating the basins of the Auspiya and Lozva rivers.
A photo of this moment has been preserved, which allowed Borzenkov to accurately determine this point on the map. The picture shows that, obviously, Igor Dyatlov and Semyon Zolotarev are arguing very hard about the further route. It is obvious that Zolotarev expresses against logically difficult to explain Dyatlov’s decision to return back to Auspiya and offers to “take the pass”, which was a matter of about 30 minutes and go down to spend the night in the Lozva river basin. Note that in this case the group would have stopped for the night just approximately in the area of the same ill-fated cedar.
Everything becomes logically explainable, if we assume that already at that moment Dyatlov was planning a cold overnight stay, just on the slope of mountain 1096 *, which, in the event of an overnight stay in the Lozva basin, would be on the sidelines.
* This mountain, called in Mansiysk Mount Kholatchakhl, in translation is called " Mountain of the 9 Dead". Mansi consider this place "unclean" and bypass it. So from the Case, according to the testimony of student Slabtsov, who found the tent, the Mansi guide who accompanied them flatly refused to go to that mountain. We think that Dyatlov decided if it’s impossible, then it’s necessary to prove to everyone that it’s possible and he’s not afraid of anything, and he also thought that if they say it’s impossible, then it means exactlyhere inhabited by the notorious Bigfoot.
So, at about 17 pm on February 1, Igor Dyatlov gives unexpected a team that had a rest in the half-day group to get up for a cold overnight, explaining the reasons for this decision by the scientific problem of finding Bigfoot. The group, with the exception of Semyon Zolotarev, took this decision calmly. For the time remaining before sleep, Semyon Zolotarev made his famous “Evening Otorten”, which in fact is satirical work, sharply critical, the established order in the group.
There is, in our opinion, a reasonable point of view on the further tactics of Igor Dyatlov. According to the experienced tourist Axelrod, who knew Igor Dyatlov well from joint campaigns, Dyatlov planned to raise the group at dusk, at about 6 o'clock in the morning, then go on the assault on Mount Otorten. Most likely that is what happened. The group was preparing to get dressed (more precisely, to put on shoes, because people slept in clothes), while having breakfast with breadcrumbs and lard. According to numerous testimonies of participants in the rescue work, crackers were scattered all over the tent; they fell out of crumpled blankets along with pieces of lard. The situation was calm, no one, except Dyatlov, was seriously upset that the Bigfoot did not come and that, in fact, the group suffered such significant inconvenience in vain.
Only Semyon Zolotarev, who was located at the very entrance to the tent, was seriously indignant at what had happened. His dissatisfaction was fueled by the following circumstance. The fact is that Semyon had a birthday on February 2. And, it seems that since the night he began to “mark” him with alcohol intake, and it seems one, because according to Dr. Vozrozhdenny, no alcohol was found in the body of the first 5 tourists found. This is reflected in the official documents (in the Acts) given in the Case.
About a feast with chopped lard and empty flask with an apaha of vodka or alcohol at the entrance to the tent where Semyon Zolotarev was located is directly indicated in the Case by the prosecutor of the city of Indel Tempalov. A large flask of alcohol was confiscated in a discovered tent by student Boris Slobtsov. This alcohol, according to the testimony of student Brusnitsyn, a participant in the events, was immediately drunk by the members of the search group who found the tent. That is, in addition to the flask with alcohol in the tent there was a flask with the same drink. We think that we are talking about alcohol, not about vodka.
Warmed up by alcohol, Zolotarev, dissatisfied with a cold and hungry night, left the tent for the toilet (a trace of urine remained at the tent) and outside demanded an analysis of Dyatlov's mistakes. Most likely, the amount of alcohol consumed was so significant that Zolotarev was very drunk and began to behave aggressively. Someone had to come out of the tent at this noise. At first glance, this should have been the leader of the campaign, Igor Dyatlov, but we think that he was not the one who came out to talk. Dyatlov was located at the farthest end of the tent, it was inconvenient for him to climb through everyone and, most importantly, Dyatlov was significantly inferior in his physical data to Semyon Zolotarev. We believe that tall (180 cm) and physically strong Yuri Doroshenko came out to Semyon's demand. This is also supported by the fact that ice ax, found near the tent, belonged to Yuri Doroshenko. So, in the materials of the Case there was an entry made by his hand “go to the trade union committee, take mine ice ax". Thus, Yuri Doroshenko, atthe only one in the group as it turned out later, it was time to put on the boots. Track the only person was wearing boots documented in the Act by the prosecutor Tempalov.
Data on the presence or absence of alcohol in the body of 4 people found later (in May), and, specifically, in Semyon Zolotarev, are not available in the Acts of Doctor Vozrozhdenny, because. bodies at the time of the study had already begun to decompose. That is, the answer to the question: “Was Semyon Zolotarev drunk or not?” There are no materials in the Case.
So, Yuri Doroshenko, shod in ski boots, armed with an ice ax and taking with him a Dyatlov flashlight for illumination, because. it was still dark (it was getting light at 8-9 in the morning, and the action took place around 7 in the morning), gets out of the tent. A short, sharp and unpleasant conversation took place between Zolotarev and Doroshenko. Obviously, Zolotarev expressed his opinion about Dyatlov and Dyatlovtsy.
From the point of view of Zolotarev, Dyatlov makes gross mistakes. The first of them was the passage by Dyatlov of the mouth of the Auspiya River. As a result, the group had to make a detour. It was incomprehensible for Zolotarev and the withdrawal of the group on January 31 to the bed of the Auspiya river instead of going down to the bed of the Lozva and, finally, absurd, and, most importantly, fruitless cold overnight. The dissatisfaction hiddenly expressed by Zolotarev in the Evening Otorten newspaper spilled out.
We think that Zolotarev offered to remove Dyatlov from the post of leader of the campaign, replacing him with someone else, meaning himself first of all. It is difficult to say in what form Zolotarev proposed this to us now. It is clear that after drinking alcohol, the form should be sharp, but the degree of sharpness depends on the specific reaction of a person to alcohol. Zolotarev, who knew the war in all its manifestations, of course, was mentally disturbed, and could simply be aroused to alcoholic psychosis, bordering on delirium. Judging by the fact that Doroshenko left an ice ax and a flashlight and preferred to hide in a tent, Zolotarev was very excited. The guys even blocked his way to the tent, throwing the stove, backpacks, food at the entrance. This circumstance, up to the term “barricade”, is repeatedly emphasized in the testimonies of the participants in the rescue operation. Moreover, at the entrance to the tent stood an ax, absolutely superfluous in this place.
Obviously, the students decided to actively defend themselves.
Perhaps this circumstance enraged the drunk Zolotarev even more (so in the tent in the tent at the entrance the curtain of the sheet was literally torn). Most likely, all these obstacles only infuriated Zolotarev, who was rushing into the tent to continue the showdown. And then Zolotarev remembered the gap in the tent from the "mountain" side, which was repaired all together at the previous parking lot. And he decided to get inside the tent through this gap, using "psychological weapons" so that he would not be hindered, as was done at the front.
He probably shouted something like "I throw a grenade".
The fact is that in 1959 the country was still overflowing with weapons, despite all the Government Decrees on its surrender. It was not a problem to get a grenade at that time, especially in Sverdlovsk, where weapons were brought for remelting. So the threat was very real. And in general, it is very likely that it was not only an imitation of a threat.
MAYBE THERE WAS A REAL BATTLE GRENADE.
Apparently, investigator Ivanov had this in mind when speaking about a certain "piece of iron" that he underinvestigated. A grenade could really come in handy on a campaign, in particular, for killing fish under ice, as was done during the war, since part of the route passed along rivers. And, quite possibly, the front-line soldier Zolotarev decided to take such a “necessary” object on a campaign.
Zolotarev did not calculate the effect of his "weapon". The students took the threat seriously and left the tent in a panic, making two cuts in the canvas. This happened around 7 am, as it was still dark, as evidenced by a flashlight. on fire condition, dropped by students and subsequently found by searchers 100 meters from the tent down the slope.
Zolotarev walked around the tent and, continuing to imitate the threat, decided to drunkenly teach the "young". He formed the people in a line (as witnessed by all the people who observed the footprints) and commanded "Down", setting the direction. He gave one blanket with him, they say, keep yourself warm with one blanket, as in that Armenian riddle from Evening Otorten. This is how the cold overnight stay of the Dyatlovites ended.
TRAGEDY IN THE URAL MOUNTAINS.
People went down, and Zolotarev climbed into the tent and apparently continued to drink, celebrating his birthday. The fact that someone remained in the tent is evidenced by a subtle observer, a student, Sorgin, whose testimony is given in the File.
Zolotarev, settled down on two blankets. All the blankets in the tent were crumpled, with the exception of two, on which they found skins from the loin, which Zolotarev ate. It was already dawn, the wind had risen, which passed through the gap in one place of the tent and cutouts in another. Zolotarev closed the breakthrough with Dyatlov’s fur jacket, and had to deal with the cutouts in a different way, since the initial attempt to plug the cutouts with things, following the example of the hole, failed (for example, according to Astenaki, several blankets and a padded jacket stuck out of the cutouts of the tent). Then Zolotarev decided to lower the far edge of the tent, cutting the rack - a ski pole.
The weight of the fallen snow (the fact that there was snow at night is evidenced by the fact that the Dyatlov lantern lay on the tent on a layer of snow about 10 cm thick) the stick was rigidly fixed and it was not possible to immediately pull it out. The stick had to be cut with the long knife used to cut the fat. The cut stick was pulled out, its parts were found cut from the top of the backpacks. The far edge of the tent sank and closed the cutouts, and Zolotarev settled down at the front post of the tent and, obviously, fell asleep for a while, having finished drinking alcohol from a flask.
The group, meanwhile, continued to move down, in the direction indicated by Zolotarev. It is testified that the tracks were divided into two groups - to the left of 6 people, and to the right - two. Then the tracks converged. These groups apparently corresponded to the two cutouts through which the people crawled out. The two on the right are Thibault and Dubinina, who were located closer to the exit. On the left is everyone else.
One man walked in boots(Yuri Doroshenko, we believe). Let us recall that this is documented in the Case file by Prokur Tempalov. It also says that there were traces eight, What documented confirms our version that one person remained in the tent.
It was dawning, it was difficult to walk because of the snow that had fallen and, of course, it was desperately cold, because. The temperature was around -20 C with wind. At about 9 o'clock in the morning, a group of 8 tourists, already half-frostbitten, found themselves next to a tall cedar. Cedar as a point around which they decided to build a fire was not chosen by chance. In addition to the dry lower branches for the fire, which we managed to “get” with the help of cuts, it was with great difficulty that an “observation post” was equipped on it to monitor the tent. For this, several large branches obstructing the view were cut out by the Finnish Krivonischenko. Below, under the cedar, with great difficulty, a small fire was lit, which, according to the concurring estimates of various observers, burned for 1.5-2 hours. If we ended up at the cedar at 9 am, it took an hour to make a fire, and plus two hours, it turns out that the fire went out at about 12 o'clock in the afternoon.
Still taking Zolotarev's threat seriously, the group decided not to return to the tent for the time being, but to try to "hold on" by building some kind of shelter, at least from the wind, for example, in the form of a cave. It turned out to be possible to do this in a ravine, near a stream that flowed towards the Lozva River. For this shelter, 10-12 poles were cut. What exactly the poles were supposed to serve for is not clear, maybe they planned to build a “floor” from them by throwing spruce branches on top.
Zolotarev, meanwhile, "rested" in the tent, forgetting himself in an anxious drunken dream. Having woken up and sobered up a little, at about 10-11 o'clock he saw that the situation was serious, the students had not returned, which means that they were "in trouble" somewhere and realized that he "went too far". He followed the footsteps down, realizing his guilt and already without a weapon (the ice ax remained at the tent, the knife in the tent). True, it remains unclear where the grenade was located, if it really was. At about 12 o'clock he approached the cedar. He walked dressed and in felt boots. The trace of one person in felt boots was recorded by the observer Akselrod 10-15 meters from the tent. He went down to Lozva.
The question arises: “Why is there no or not noticed ninth track? The issue here is most likely the following. The students descended at 7 o'clock in the morning, and Zolotarev at about 11 o'clock. By this time, at dawn, a strong wind had risen, a drifting snow, which partly blew away the snow that had fallen at night, and partly compacted it, pressed it to the ground. It turned out thinner, and most importantly, denser layer of snow. In addition, felt boots are larger than boots, and even more so feet without shoes. The pressure from the boots on the snow, per unit area, is several times less, so the traces of the descending Zolotarev were hardly noticeable and were not recorded by observers.
The people at the cedar, meanwhile, met him in a critical situation. Half-frozen, unsuccessfully trying in turn to keep warm by the fire, bringing freezing hands, legs and faces close to the fire. Apparently from this combination of frostbite and mild burns, an unusual skin coloration of red tones of exposed parts of the body was observed in five tourists found in the first phase of the search.
People put all the blame for what happened on Zolotarev, so his appearance did not bring relief, but served to further escalate the situation. Moreover, the psyche of hungry and freezing people worked, of course, inadequately. Possible apologies from Zolotarev, or vice versa, his command orders, obviously, were not accepted. The lynching has begun. We think that at first Thibault demanded to take off his felt boots as an initial measure of "retaliation" and then demanded to give the Pobeda watch, which reminded Zolotarev of his participation in the war, which, obviously, was the subject of his pride. This struck Zolotarev as extremely offensive. In response, he hit Thibaut with a camera, which he may have demanded to give. And again, "didn't calculate", obviously the alcohol was still in the blood. used the camera as sling* he punched Thibault in the head, actually killed him.
* This is evidenced by the fact that the camera strap was wound around Zolotarev's arm.
In the conclusion of Dr. Vozrozhdenny, it is said that Thibaut's skull is deformed in a rectangular area measuring 7x9 cm, which approximately corresponds to the size of the camera, and a torn hole in the center of the rectangle is 3x3.5x2 cm. This approximately corresponds to the size of the protruding lens. The camera, according to numerous witnesses, was found on the corpse of Zolotarev. Photo saved.
After that, of course, everyone present attacked Zolotarev. Someone was holding hands, and Doroshenko, the only one with boots kicked him in the chest in the ribs. Zolotarev desperately defended himself, hit Slobodin so that his skull cracked, and when Zolotarev was immobilized by collective efforts, he began to fight with his teeth, biting off the tip of Krivonischenko's nose. So, apparently, they were taught in front-line intelligence, where, according to some information, Zolotarev served.
During this fight, Lyudmila Dubinina for some reason, was ranked among the "supporters" of Zolotarev. Perhaps at the beginning of the fight she sharply objected to lynching, and when Zolotarev actually killed Thibaut, she fell into disgrace. But, most likely, the fury of those present turned to Dubinina for this reason. Everyone understood that the beginning of the tragedy, its trigger point, was Zolotarev's intake of alcohol. The case contains the testimony of Yuri Yudin that, in his opinion, one of the main shortcomings in the organization of the Dyatlov campaign was lack of alcohol, which, it was he, Yudin, who could not get it in Sverdlovsk, but, as we already know, there was still alcohol in the group. This means that alcohol was bought on the way to Vizhay, in Indel, or, most likely, in last moment before entering the route at the lumberjacks in the 41st forest area. Since Yudin did not know about the presence of alcohol, it was obviously kept secret. Dyatlov decided to use alcohol under some emergency circumstances - such as the assault on Mount Otorten, when his strength was running out, or to mark the successful end of the campaign. But the supply manager and accountant Dubinina could not help but know about the presence of alcohol in the group, since it was she who allocated public money to Dyatlov to buy alcohol on the road. People or Dyatlov personally decided that she was talking about it blabbed Zolotarev, who slept nearby and with whom she willingly communicated (photos have been preserved). In general, in reality, Dubinina received the same, even more severe injuries than Zolotarev (10 ribs were broken in Dubinina, 5 in Zolotarev). In addition, she had her "talkative" tongue torn out..
Considering that the “opponents” were dead, one of the Dyatlovites, fearing responsibility, squeezed out their eyes, because. there was and still is a belief that the image of the murderer remains in the pupil of the victim of a violent death. This version is supported by the fact that Thibaut, who was mortally wounded by Zolotarev, had his eyes intact.
Let's not forget that people acted on the verge of life and death, in a state of extreme excitement of passion, when bestial instincts completely turn off acquired human qualities. Yuri Doroshenko was found with frozen foam at the mouth, which confirms our version of his extreme degree of arousal, which reached rabies.
It is very similar to the fact that Lyudmila Dubinina suffered without guilt. The fact is that with almost 100 percent probability Semyon Zolotarev was an alcoholic, like many of the direct participants in the hostilities in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. A fatal role here was played by the “People's Commissar's” 100 grams of vodka, which were issued at the front every day during the hostilities. Any narcologist will say that if this continues for more than six months, then dependence of varying severity inevitably arises depending on physiology. specific person. The only way to avoid the disease was to abandon the "People's Commissar", which, of course, a rare Russian person can do. So it is unlikely that Semyon Zolotarev was such an exception. Indirect confirmation of this is the episode on the train on the way from Sverdlovsk, described in the diary of one of the participants in the campaign, which is given in the File. A "young alcoholic" turned to the tourists, demanding the return of a bottle of vodka, stolen, in his opinion, by one of them. The incident was hushed up, but most likely Dyatlov “figured out” Zolotarev and, when buying alcohol, strictly forbade Lyudmila Dubinina to tell Zolotarev about this. Since Zolotarev nevertheless took possession of the Dyatlov alcohol, and then everyone else decided that the supply manager Dubinina, who let it out, was to blame, blabbed. Most likely it was not so. Students in their youth did not know that alcoholics develop a supernatural "sixth" sense for alcohol and they successfully and accurately find it in any conditions. Just by intuition. So Dubinina here, most likely, had nothing to do with it.
The described bloody tragedy occurred at about 12 noon on February 2, 1959, near the ravine where the shelter was being prepared.
This time of 12 noon is determined as follows. As we already wrote, the tourists in a panic left the tent through the cutouts at about 7 am on February 2, 1959. The distance to the cedar is 1.5-2 km. Taking into account the "nudity" and "barefoot" and the difficulties of orientation, the difficulties of orientation in the dark and at dawn, the group reached the cedar in an hour and a half or two. It turns out 8.5-9 o'clock in the morning. It's dawn. Another hour to prepare firewood, cut branches for an observation post, prepare poles for decking. It turns out that the fire was lit at about 10 o'clock in the morning. According to numerous testimonies of search engines, the fire burned for 1.5-2 hours. It turns out that the fire went out when the group went to sort things out with Zolotarev to the ravine, i.e. at 11.30 - 12 noon. It comes out around 12 noon. After the fight, having lowered the bodies of the dead into the cave (dropping them), a group of 6 people returned to the cedar.
And the fact that the fight took place at the ravine is proved by the fact that, according to the expert opinion of Dr. Thibault himself could not move after the impact. It could only be carried. And to carry even 70 meters from the cedar to the ravine to dying, half-frozen people was clearly unable to.
Those who saved the forces of Dyatlov, Slobodin, and Kolmogorov rushed to the tent, the path to which was now free. Exhausted in the fight, Doroshenko, the fragile Krivonischenko and Kolevatov remained at the cedar and tried to rekindle the fire near the cedar, which had gone out during the fight in the ravine. So, Doroshenko was found fallen on dry branches, which he obviously carried to the fire. But they didn't seem to be able to rekindle the fire. After some time, perhaps a very short time, Doroshenko and Krivonischenko froze to death. Kolevatov lived longer than them, and finding that his comrades were dead, and the fire could not be re-lit, he decided to meet his fate in the cave, thinking that one of those who were in it might still be alive. He cut off some of the warm clothes of his dead comrades with a Finn and carried them to the "hole in the ravine" where the rest were. He also took off Yuri Doroshenko's shoes, but apparently decided that they were hardly useful and threw them into the ravine. The boots were never found, as well as a number of other things of the Dyatlovites, which is reflected in the File. In the Kolevatov cave, Thibault,
Dubinina and Zolotarev met their death.
Igor Dyatlov, Rustem Slobodin and Zinaida Kolmogorova met their death on hard way to the tent, until the last fighting for life. It happened around 13 hours of the day on February 2, 1959.
The time of the death of the group, according to our version, is 12-13 pm, coincides with the assessment of the remarkable medical examiner Dr. Vozrozhdenny, according to which the death of all the victims occurred 6-8 hours after the last meal. And this reception was breakfast after a cold night at about 6 in the morning. 6-8 hours later gives 12-14 noon, which almost exactly coincides with the time indicated by us.
THERE IS A TRAGIC END.
CONCLUSION .
It is difficult to find right and wrong in this story. Pity everyone. The greatest fault, as it sounded in the materials of the Case, lies with the head of the UPI Gordo sports club, it was he who had to check the psychological stability of the group and only after that give the go-ahead to the exit. It’s a pity for the fervent Zina Kolmogorova, who loved life so much, the romantic, dreaming of love Luda Dubinina, the foppish handsome Kolya Thibaut, the fragile Georgy Krivonischenko with the soul of a musician, the faithful comrade Sasha Kolevatov, the mischievous home boy Rustem Slobodin, sharp, strong, with his own concepts of justice, Yuri Doroshenko. It is a pity for a talented radio engineer, but a naive and narrow-minded person and useless leader of the campaign, the ambitious Igor Dyatlov. It is a pity for the honored front-line soldier, scout Semyon Zolotarev, who did not find the right ways to make the campaign go as he probably wanted, as best as possible.
In principle, we agree with the conclusions of the investigation that “the group encountered natural forces that they were unable to overcome.” Only we believe that these natural forces were not external, but domestic. Some could not cope with their ambitions, Zolotarev did not make a psychological allowance for the young age of the participants in the campaign and its leader. And of course, a huge role was played by the violation of the "dry law" during the campaign, which, obviously, officially acted among the students of the UPI.
We believe that the investigation eventually came to a version close to that voiced by us. This is indicated by the fact that Semyon Zolotarev was buried separately from the main group of Dyatlovites. But, publicly voicing this version in 1959, the authorities considered it undesirable for political reasons. So, according to the memoirs of investigator Ivanov, “In the Urals, probably, there will not be a person who did not talk about this tragedy in those days” (see the book “Dyatlov Pass”, p. 247). Therefore, the investigation limited itself to the abstract formulation of the cause of the death of the group given above. Moreover, we believe that the materials of the Case contain indirect confirmation of the version of the presence of a combat grenade or grenades from one of the participants in the campaign. So in the Acts of Doctor Vozrozhdenny it is said that multiple fractures of the ribs in Zolotarev and Dubinina could result from the action air shock wave, which just generates a grenade explosion. In addition, the forensic prosecutor, Ivanov, who conducted the investigation, as we already wrote about this, spoke about the “under-investigation” of some piece of iron found. Most likely we are talking about Zolotarev's grenade, which could be anywhere from a tent to a ravine. It is obvious that the people who conducted the investigation exchanged information and, perhaps, the “grenade” version also reached Dr. Vozrozhdenny.
We also found direct evidence that already in early March, that is, in the initial phase of the search, the version of the explosion was considered. So investigator Ivanov writes in his memoirs: “There were no traces of an explosion wave. Maslennikov and I carefully considered this ”(see in the book“ Dyatlov Pass ”an article by Ivanov L.N.“ memories from family archive" With. 255).
This means that there were grounds for searching for traces of the explosion, that is, it is possible that the grenade was nevertheless found by sappers. Since the memoirs are about Maslennikov, this determines the time - the beginning of March, so later Maslennikov departed for Sverdlovsk.
This is evidence very significant, especially if you remember that at that time the “Mansi version” was the main one, that is, that the local residents of the Mansi were involved in the tragedy. The Mansi version completely collapsed by the end of March 1959.
The fact that by the time the bodies of the last four tourists were discovered in early May, the investigation had come to certain conclusions, is evidenced by the complete indifference of prosecutor Ivanov, who was present when the bodies were dug up. The leader speaks about this in his memoirs. last group Askinaji search engines. So, most likely, the grenade was found not near the cave, but somewhere on the stretch from the tent to the cedar in February-March, when a group of sappers with mine detectors worked there. That is, by May, by the time the bodies of the last four dead were discovered, everything was already more or less clear to the forensic prosecutor Ivanov, who was conducting the investigation.
Obviously, that this tragic incident should serve as a lesson for tourists of all generations.
And for this, the activities of the Dyatlov Foundation should be, as we believe, continued.
ADDITION. ABOUT FIRE BALLS.
The monster is oblo, mischievous, huge, staring and barking
It is not by chance that we cited this epigraph from the wonderful story of the educator A.N. Radishchev Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. This epigraph is about the state. So how was the "evil" Soviet state 1959 and how did it “bark” at tourists?
That's how. Organized a tourist section at the institute, where everyone studied for free and received a scholarship. Then such an "evil" one allocated money in the amount of 1,300 rubles for the hike of his students, gave them the most expensive equipment for the duration of the hike - a tent, skis, boots, windbreakers, sweaters. Helped with the planning of the trip, the development of the route. And, even issued a paid business trip to the leader of the campaign, Igor Dyatlov. The height of cynicism in our opinion. This is how our country, in which we all grew up, “barked” at tourists.
When it became clear that something unforeseen happened to the students, they immediately organized an expensive and well-organized rescue and search operation with the involvement of aviation, military personnel, athletes, other tourists, as well as the local population of the Mansi, who showed themselves from the best side.
But what about the famous FIRE BALLS? Which tourists were allegedly so afraid of that they barricaded the entrance to the tent, and then cut it open in order to urgently get out of it?
We also found the answer to this question.
Finding this answer helped us a lot with images that, with the help of unique technique received by processing the film from the camera of Semyon Zolotarev, a group of researchers from Yekaterinburg. Recognizing the significant importance of this work, we wish to draw attention to the following easily verifiable and obvious data.
It is enough just to rotate the resulting images to see that they do not depict at all mythical"fireballs" and real and understandable stories.
So if we rotate one of the images from the book “Dyatlov Pass” and called “Mushroom” by the authors by 180 degrees, then we can easily see dead face one of the Dyatlovites found last, namely Alexander Kolevatov. It was he who, according to eyewitnesses, was found with his tongue hanging out, which is easily "read" in the photo. From this fact it is obvious that Zolotarev's film, after the frames he shot on the campaign, shot by a group of search engines Askinadzi.
ill. 3. "Mysterious" photo No. 7 *. Kolevatov's face.
This is the "Mushroom" object in Yakimenko's terminology.
*Photos 6,7 are given in the article by Valentin Yakimenko “Tapes of the Dyatlovites”: Searches, finds and new mysteries” in the book “Dyatlov Pass” p.424. from there the numbering of the pictures. This position is further proved by this frame named by the authors "Lynx".
Let's rotate it 90 degrees clockwise. In the center of the frame, the face of a man from the Askinaji search group is clearly visible. Here is a photo from his archive.
Fig. 4 Asktinadzi group. By this time people already knew where the bodies are located and made a special dam - a trap "in the photo" to detain them in the event of a flash flood. A snapshot of late April - early May 1959.
ill. 5 "Mysterious" photo No. 6 (Lynx object) according to Yakimenko's terminology and an enlarged image of a search engine.
We see that, in the center of the frame, a man from the Askinadzi group is from Zolotarev's film.
We think that this person did not accidentally turn out to be in the center frame. Perhaps it was he who played the key, main, central role in the search - figured out where the bodies of the last Dyatlovites were. This is also evidenced by the fact that he feels like a winner in the group picture of the search engines and is located above all.
We believe that and All other pictures given in Yakimenko's article have a similar, purely earthly origin.
So, thanks to the joint efforts of specialists from Yekaterinburg, first of all, Valentin Yakimenko and ours, the mystery of the "fireballs" was resolved by itself.
She just never existed.
As in other matters, the "fireballs" themselves in the vicinity of Mount Otorten on the night of February 1-2, 1959.
We respectfully present our work to everyone interested parties and organizations.
Sergey Goldin, analyst, independent expert.
Yuri Ransmi, research engineer, specialist in image analysis.
