Chapter Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov belongs to Benoi teip, one of the most numerous and famous Chechen teips. Its representatives are brave warriors, talented leaders and true admirers of ancient customs. So what is known about Kadyrov's teip?
Historical facts
Teip (clan, tribe) - a unit of organization of the Vainakh peoples (Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi), which differs common origin the people included in it. The Chechen teip is not a genus in the ethnographic sense. There are cases when he united people according to principles, and not by consanguinity. Each teip is subdivided into gars and nekyi (branches and surnames).
Legends say that the ancient Chechens had a bronze cauldron with the names of the first twenty teips forged on it. Among them was Benoy.
The village of Benoy is mentioned in ancient Arabic-language sources of other peoples. Information about Benoy is available in the book of the first half of the 15th century by the Alanian traveler and Muslim missionary Azdin Vazar. This suggests that it is rightfully considered the oldest.
One of the leaders in number
Benoy is one of the most numerous teips in Chechnya. Representatives of this clan claim that out of a million Chechens, a third belongs to their teip. They are settled throughout the republic and are divided into nine genera: Jobi-nekye, Asti-nekye, Uonzhbi-nekye, Ati-nekye, Ochi-nekye, Chupal-nekye, Devshi-nekye, Edi-nekye and Gurzh-makhkahoy.
Large communities settled in Benoy, Shelkovsky, Gudermes districts, the villages of Novye Atagi, Urus-Martan, Goity, Alkhan-Yurt, Shali and others. Most of the Benoyites are in the city of Urus-Martan. Teip natives live in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan, other regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Jordan, Saudi Arabia. A large number of the Benoites live in the diasporas of Western Asia.
Characteristic features of the Benoites
In the view of the Chechens, a true Benoev is a man of athletic build, tall, large, with big strong legs. A distinctive feature of people of this kind is a calm disposition, frankness, decency and gullibility. But at the same time, if they are angry, they will show everyone their militancy. People often say: "If you piss off a Benoite, then nothing can stop him."
At home, they are considered cunning and clumsy. But at the same time, the Benoyites are always fearless, true to their duty and word. They are well aware of the value of such concepts as "honor" and "decency". It was they who many centuries ago formed the backbone peasant people, who was able to get rid of the oppression of the Dagestan and Kabardian authorities. Representatives of this teip are considered the founders of democracy in the mountains, on which the ethnic mentality is based.
A. Berger in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" calls teip Benoy among the indigenous samiz noble Chechen surnames. The Benoevtsy, as the largest tribe in terms of numbers, played a leading role in social and cultural life for a long time. political life Chechnya.
Beliefs and values
Representatives of teip Benoy are considered true Chechens. They are proud of their belonging to this nation. The national name "Nokhchi" is pronounced with dignity, unlike some Chechens who are reluctant to call themselves "Nokhchi", trying to put this name out of use and replace it with "Vain".
The people of this teip consider each other brothers and sisters. Helping a loved one is the first rule of the family. No matter how many kilometers separate them, upon learning that they are of the same teip, the Benoevs strive with all their might to help each other in case of danger or need. Protecting their honor, the honor of a brother or the entire teip is a paramount task for which they are ready to risk their lives.
military glory
The Benoyites have always taken the most active part in wars. In battles, they earned themselves unfading glory. Especially significant role they played in the Russian-Chechen war of the 18th - mid-19th centuries.
It is known that only with the support of the Benoyites did imams and commanders begin their movements in Ichkeria and throughout Chechnya. When the Chechens were attacked by enemies, the saying “Va Vezan Dela, benoin ortza lolah!” was born among the people! (Oh, Great God, give the Benoyan army to help).
Representatives of the teip showed their heroism in the Caucasian war, in the Ichkerian (1842) and Dargin (1845) defeat tsarist armies, in a campaign against Georgia (1854) and others.
On May 13, 1859, all of Chechnya was conquered, and the foremen of all Chechen villages expressed their obedience to the tsarist military command. Only the Benoy villages did not submit. Brave, savvy people fled to the forests, formed new communities and again confronted the enemies, calling on everyone to defend their homeland to the last breath.
Kadyrov Ahmed
Akhmed (Akhmat since 1999. Changed his name during the occupation of CRI by Russian troops) Abdulkhamidovich Kadyrov (August 23, 1951, Karaganda - May 9, 2004, Grozny).
Born in the city of Karaganda, Kazakh SSR.
In April 1957, the Kadyrov family returned to the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, to the village of Tsentoroy, Shalinsky District.
In 1968 he graduated from the Bachiyurt high school. In the same year, he studied at the courses of a combine driver in the village of Kalinovskaya, Naursky district.
From 1969 to 1971 he worked at the Novogroznensky rice-growing state farm in the Gudermes region.
In 1971 he left the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to work, worked in construction organizations in the Non-Black Earth and Siberia until 1980. 
In 1980, in the direction of the Gudermes Cathedral Mosque, 29-year-old Akhmat went to the Uzbek SSR, where he entered the Mir-Arab Madrasah of Bukhara.
Zelimkhan Yandarbiev stated: “Since 1981, when it was forbidden to pray in Chechnya, Kadyrov has been cooperating with the KGB! We found out about this in 1996, when the Shamilov brigade seized Grozny and the KGB archive, but it was not immediately dealt with. Although even then I felt: it was not without reason that he raised talk about the harm of the Wahhabis. I then scolded him and warned him.”
In 1982 he left for Tashkent, where he entered the Tashkent Islamic Institute. I studied there from 1982 to 1986.
After the Islamic Institute, he returned to Gudermes, where he became the deputy imam of the Gudermes mosque. He worked as a deputy imam until 1988.
In 1993 he was appointed Deputy Mufti of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
At the same time, he took part (with calls to kill Russians) in hostilities against federal troops, or rather, declared Jihad on Russia and openly speaking at rallies called on Chechens to kill Russians. "If every Chechen kills 150 Russians, we will win this war," said Kadyrov. Later, he himself denied these statements, but this time he was even more dispersed: "I did not talk about 150 Russians. I said: kill as many as you can. Without restrictions"
With the outbreak of the Second Russian-Chechen War (started by Russia in 1999), he played a key role in the transfer of some settlements of the CRI under the control of federal forces.
On October 10, 1999, by decree of the President of the CRI, Aslan Maskhadov, Akhmat Kadyrov was removed from the post of mufti in connection with the betrayal of faith and the people.
He was killed on May 9, 2004 at the Dynamo stadium in the city of Grozny. Some sources report that the murder was committed by Russian special services.
It is important to note one detail. The Kadyrov family did not deny the fact that they were not Chechens. Such rumors have been circulating among the Chechens for a long time, later this information was confirmed by Kadyrov himself.
It's no secret that as a Cossack defector, Ramzan Kadyrov went from rags to riches. I want to tell you, dear readers, that the Kadyrov family is Cossack, they started talking about this when Akhmad Kadyrov was elected a mufti in the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, in the fall of 1996 he became the head of the newly formed Muftiyat of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, but after the election of Akhmad Kadyrov as a mufti, many from nearby settlements (Bachi-Yurt, Mairtup, Alleroi, as well as residents of Khosi-Yurt), Chechens (old people) were outraged that they chose Akhmad Kadyrov as the mufti of the son of Abdulkhamid Kadyrov, knowing the fact that their family is Cossack.
Umar: My grandfather Adlan from the village of Bachi-Yurt told me that the late Abdulkhamid Kadyrov also did not deny that their family was Cossack, Adlan and Abdulkhamid knew each other even before they were deported to Kazakhstan in 1944.
Unlike others, today many elders remember the history of some integrated Cossacks among the Chechens, today there are not many old people left who remember the history of the Chechen types by inheritance from their great-great-grandfathers and remember such a clan as the Don-Cossack clan of Kadyrov, a clan that merged and integrated into one of the Chechen teips.
The late Cossack Akhmad Kadyrov did not deny that he was a Cossack, Akhmad Kadyrov confirmed at the forum held on March 27, 2004, in which the terrorist Putin participated in the work of the united forum of the peoples of the Caucasus, the forum took place in the boarding house "Rus". From the published material on kommersant.ru, in which Kadyrov confirms that he and his family are Cossacks:
“The adviser to the president of Chechnya, Ataman Pogrebnoy, stood out with growth and a uniform sparkling in the sun. He told those who wished that the ancestors of Akhmad Kadyrov were Cossacks.
So he is a Cossack, not a Chechen? - asked the ataman.
- Of course, Cossack! - He joyfully answered. - His teip (.....) (Note that Kadyrov's clan is not related to the Chechen teip "benoy") where did it come from? They are the youngest Muslims in the world! They ate the last cauldron of pork and accepted the Muslim faith.
Here Pavel Fedotov, ataman, approached Grigory Pogrebny Stavropol Territory. Atamans embraced. And suddenly the adviser to the president of Chechnya literally turned pale before his eyes:
- And you, Pavel, how did you get here?
The Stavropol chieftain did not understand:
So I'm a participant!
Yes, how did you carry the dagger? They took mine from me. It rang when I passed through the frame.
Indeed, a dagger in a sheath hung on the belt of Ataman Fedotov. Ataman seems to be well prepared for the meeting with the President of the country.
Russian presidential aide Ramazan Abdulatipov approached. He was appointed to this position two months ago and the other day it was confirmed that nothing will change in his life with the reforms in the presidential administration. It was rather strange to hear this. Assistants to the president had already been appointed the day before. As a result, the status of an assistant has grown, in theory, to unprecedented proportions. Does Ramazan Abdulatipov fit these dimensions? Question. But it doesn't seem to be for him.
And how do you work with President Kadyrov? Did everything go well with him? Before the elections, the list of your claims to him commanded respect.
- We are working, - Mr. Abdulatipov sighed. - We have to work. Civil service...
He probably wanted to add "be it wrong," but, as a civil servant, of course, restrained himself.
Here Akhmat Kadyrov approached Ataman Pogrebny. At the request of the photographers, they hugged each other tightly twice.
- So you are a Cossack? I asked Mr. Kadyrov.
- Cossack! - He readily agreed. - And why?
- Ataman just told about it.
“Your ancestors, Akhmat-Hadji, are from the Cossacks,” Ataman Pogrebnoy said hastily.
- Well, yes, - Mr. Kadyrov confirmed glumly. - I am a Cossack. It's not visible, is it?
On the path leading to the entrance to the boarding house, the new presidential envoy for the Southern Federal District, Vladimir Yakovlev, appeared. He smiled his famous, now a little embarrassed smile. The night before, Mr. Yakovlev, like ten days ago, was appointed to the post of plenipotentiary for the Southern Federal District. On this I congratulated him.
- Thank you! said Mr. Yakovlev cordially.
How are you in your new position?
- Very good! - he confirmed my worst assumptions. - You see, life in the Caucasus is unusually interesting! Yesterday, after the meeting, we all watched the concert together amateur performances. How beautiful! The dances are so... I have never seen such! If our whole life is as beautiful and cheerful as these dances on the stage, everything will be just wonderful!
- But she will not be like on stage.
- Will not be? - he was upset. - Well, yes, probably. But we must at least strive for it.
The same fact is confirmed by many elders of the Kurchaloy district. However, today everyone is silent because of the current situation, the fear of the Kremlin dictatorial regime in the occupied Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, as Umar said, everyone is afraid of the reprisals of the younger Don Cossack Ramzan Kadyrov".
Apparently, therefore, the Cossack Kadyrov Ramzan has no pity for the true sons of the Chechen people, who are fighting for the freedom and independence of the Chechen people from the invaders of the Russian Federation, Putin knowingly put a vabank on the Kadyrov clan, making it differentiated approach to the Chechen people. - Umar.
Known for his disrespect and attacks on the Chechen and other peoples.
"I see that the Chechens became speakers, but remained stupid. We only lacked Kazakhs, Uzbeks and Tajiks to feed them in Chechnya," Kadyrov summed up.
Link Izvestia newspaper
After the elimination of Akhmad Kadyrov, Aimani, Ramzan, daughters - Zargan and Zulai remained.
Ramzan Kadyrov
Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov, born October 5, 1976, Tsentora-Yurt (Tsentoroy), Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, RSFSR, USSR.
Son of Russian puppet Akhmat Kadyrov.
He graduated from six classes at school No. 1 in his native village of Tsentora-Yurt (Tsentaroy) of the Kurchaloevsky district.
Officially married to fellow villager Medni (b. 1980), whom he met at school. They have 2 sons - Akhmat (b. 2005, named after the deceased grandfather) and Adam, and 4 daughters - Aishat, Karina, Khedi and Tabarik.
According to the text of an interview with Ramzan Kadyrov dated June 2004, published in Novaya Gazeta, he graduated from the branch of the Moscow Institute of Business in Gudermes, but because of his lack of knowledge of the Russian language, he found it difficult to name the topic of his diploma and the branch of law in which he specializes.
What is your education? - Higher legal. I'm finishing. I pass exams. - What? - How is it - which ones? Exams, that's all. - What is the name of the institute you are graduating from? - A branch of the Moscow Institute of Business. in Gudermes. Legal, that is. - What is your specialization? - I am a lawyer. - A diploma in what law? Criminal? Civil? - I forgot. I wrote down the thread but forgot. There are a lot of events right now.
Anna Politkovskaya. Center from Tsentoroy. Interview with Ramzan Kadyrov. Novaya Gazeta, 06/21/2004
Since 2004 he has been enlisted as an academician of the civil service under the President Russian Federation.
Since then, people have called Kadyrov a lawyer or an academician.
In 2007 he was appointed the main puppet of Chechnya.
On April 27, 2010, the Austrian prosecutor's office stated that Kadyrov “ordered in 2009 to kidnap a Chechen in Vienna who made exposés; during the abduction, this man was mortally wounded.”
Also, in April of the same year, the Russian media published testimony to the investigation of Isa Yamadayev, in which he accused Ramzan Kadyrov of organizing an attempt on his life, as well as the murder of his brothers.
As Lev Ponomarev stated on behalf of some Russian human rights activists in February 2007, it is Kadyrov's special forces that are now the main culprit in the deaths of civilians and kidnappings in Chechnya (the militants, in his opinion, are less active). The head of the Moscow Helsinki Group, Lyudmila Alekseeva, said:
I know that Kadyrov not only pursues a policy of kidnapping people who disappear without a trace, or who are later found dead with signs of torture, or are imprisoned on trumped-up charges, I know that he himself took part in both torture and murder.
According to Human Rights Watch:
As part of the Russian policy of "Chechenization" of the conflict, an increasingly prominent role was assigned to the security forces of the Chechen Republic, controlled by Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2004-2005 they gradually took the place of the federal forces as the main actors in enforced disappearances. The “Kadyrovtsy” have their own prisons, which are outside the jurisdiction of any relevant state structures, and where hundreds of people are detained, often subjected to ill-treatment. Republican law enforcement agencies are also responsible for the practice of forcing militant leaders to surrender by taking their relatives hostage. The Kremlin not only condones this practice, but actually encourages it.
According to the International Federation of Human Rights in Helsinki, among the existing private prisons in Chechnya, at least two are located in Kadyrov's family village of Tsentoroy and are at his personal disposal. One of them consists of concrete bunkers or cells where the abducted relatives of militants (including the elderly, women and children) are kept in order to blackmail the latter. In particular, the father and wife of Dokka Umarov, and seven relatives of Aslan Maskhadov, who were released after his murder by Russian special forces, were held there.
The second prison is said to be located in the courtyard or in close proximity to Kadyrov's house. The third prison is supposedly located on the southeastern outskirts of the village, in the area, according to the residents, which is the base of the "Kadyrovtsy". It is also used to hold kidnapped militant family members.
In addition to the prisons in Tsentoroy, the report of the International Federation for Human Rights notes at least 10 illegal prisons created and controlled by formations directly subordinate to Kadyrov - the so-called "Kadyrovites". According to human rights activists, “one of the reasons for the existence of such a parallel system of imprisonment is to obtain ‘confessions’ and ‘evidence’ through severe beatings and torture, followed by the formal detention and execution of the persons concerned. A large number of such criminal cases are fabricated.”
Anna Politkovskaya described Kadyrov as a coward, armed to the teeth, “who is surrounded by guards.” Journalist Vadim Rechkalov also considers Kadyrov a coward. In addition, Rechkalov claims that the title of master of sports in boxing was awarded to Kadyrov without any sporting merit: “The athletes of the Southern Federal District I interviewed, including Ramzan's peers, have not heard of the boxer Kadyrov. To get a master, you need to get to the Russian final or beat other masters. If Ramzan did it, the boxers would know"
Anna Politkovskaya: "Why did you run like crazy on the football field after Terek's victory?"
Ramzan Kadyrov: "I didn't remember anything for joy. I swear."
Novaya Gazeta, 06/21/2004
Video by the Kadyrovs (no comments).
Kadyrov's dance on money.
There are no surnames in Chechnya except for the Kadyrovs...
Kadyrov is trying to humiliate Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev.
Kadyrov is a traitor!
Kadyrov establishes the word of Allah in Chechnya?
Kadyrov in the bath.
Ramzan Kadyrov seems to be at the center of a scandal, just like Yuri Skuratov once was. In 1999, a videotape of a naked former Russian Prosecutor General having fun in bed with two girls was shown on state channel RTR, and Skuratov was forced to resign.
Now one of the Chechen separatist websites, physically located in Canada, has circulated on the Internet a video of a man who looks like Chechen Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov. The people in the video are having fun in the sauna with the girls.
According to the website Daymohk, the action took place in one of the saunas where Ramzan Kadyrov likes to bathe. The video, presumably filmed with a cell phone camera, shows two girls and several men. One of them really resembles the head of the government of Chechnya.
Indeed, as NEWSru.com managed to find out, there is an extended version of this entry.
Photos of the Kadyrovs
Quote: "What, I have nothing to do, how to dance? After the death of my father, I don't dance at all."
TVNZ
The inscription on the T-shirt "2PSYCHO", which means - Psycho.
Quote:
Poems of the Kadyrovs.
I dedicate to Ramzan and the Kefirov family
Everyone knows the ripe nit, the one that rules in the captive Chechnya.
It has long accumulated resentment, from infamy in a bloody war.
It is not for nothing that the doomed Kadyrov drove a sharpened wedge among the people.
And he created an idol in his heart, forgetting that the Almighty is One.
While the soldiers were fighting for freedom, the unscrupulous criminal Ramzan,
In order to increase incomes for families, he prepared zin-dan for slaves.
After all, they tried for the Russians, and worked hard,
For the Russians to lament again, for their hearts to break.
In order for the ransom to be paid faster, everything needs to be filmed on camera.
Yes! Slaves bespredelschiki beat, otherwise how to tear off the ransom.
It is better for the Russians to ask Ramzan where the truth is here and where the slander is here.
And then again they will think drunk that the negligent poet has lied.
And probably for this the killer was finally awarded the cross,
They warmed the bloodsucker father, and put on a false crown.
They slandered the government, the soldiers. Doomed the people to torment,
They seated us with dignity, since you betrayed, you are entitled to income.
Well, and those who fought without fear, who did not betray, did not get scared, did not pass.
Who did not keep slaves, honored Allah, and who did not sell his conscience.
They have no place in Kadyrov's world, among forged Russian boots,
Where the innocent are pissed in the toilet, where the devil rules, not God.
Addressing you like a boy, I'm trying to find words
What has long been written down in books, it’s a pity you don’t like to read books.
Maybe we'll play chess together, on the blood-drenched land,
Maybe we’ll sing together, dream, not about what the Kremlin orders.
Maybe we will remember the dead with dignity, for our native Chechnya, the brave,
Let's sit and judge calmly, what is the fault of those unshaven youths,
That they believed the false slander of your grave father.
If their souls are warmed in paradise, where is the place for the scoundrel,
That he despised the ideals of freedom, that he put Chechnya under attack.
For the sake of personal self-interest, for the sake of the lawlessness, a fire was set on fire.
You sprinkled ashes on freedom, and Chechens and Russian soldiers,
But why do you swear by Allah, since it is not paradise that is dearer to you, but hell.
How many worthy and honest lives were destroyed by the bloody Ramzan.
Not in battle, in local strife, stuffing a bottomless pocket.
Your deal with the Russian office took place before the war.
Or did your dad give up so soon, from what he did in his pants ???
You are a family of traitors, a tribe of outcasts, your elder brother is lazily limp from the dose.
And your father, under the Russian heavy foot, will turn into a worn old dude.
I dedicate to human meanness
Freedom! cherished, hard word. Pain, coercion, longing are heard in it.
A dream lives in him, one that will remove the shackles, make amends for the shame, and pass through the ages.
The desire of peoples, and the connection of generations, to dump alien power from their shoulders.
Build your own world, renouncing laziness, but not so valiantly fall for the homeland.
Yes! Many violent youths fell, succumbing to the temptation of Kadyrov's lies.
They did not defend Chechnya and the law, but sharpened knives in honor of lawlessness.
Kadyrov squealed: "Every good Chechen must take revenge on the Russians for centuries of oppression."
And the figure was appointed by a renegade mullah in order to become a mufti and a spiritual head.
Appointed by Kadyrov for each war, fifty innocent heads.
Yes! Someone enthusiastically justified the massacre, not understanding the full value of treacherous words.
No one remembered that he had studied in a madrasah, as the KGB once claimed.
So that later Kadyrov carefully weighed everything, and with a “clean conscience” the people sold it.
In the Union, then it was the law to select people for the service of the Lord,
So that these campaigners do not become an obstacle, in the imperial game they annoy their people.
The agent of the KGB is an Orthodox patriarch, and the Mufti is a Chechen traitor doubly.
Tied together by an inglorious idea, not to believe in the Creator, but to serve Satan.
China, Transcaucasia, Arab countries, Europe, America, Eastern countries.
No one will tolerate such deceit. No one recognized the president as a serf.
They called him the butcher for the murders, he doesn't care about the people of the curse.
But so that his own people do not get him, like a whore, climbs into Russian arms.
Matters in criminal Russia are not important, power has been strengthened at the cost of lawlessness.
The people are frightened, and it is not strong enough for them to strive for struggle in order to fall again.
The world could not recognize the executioner as president, let alone Chechens not recognize the authorities.
He is covered by a Russian military contingent, and Putin will replace Kadyrov's mother.
His son is his junior executioner and traitor, inveterate murderer, human trafficker.
Cormorant is an unprincipled, cruel punisher, gives interviews through the Russian media.
Ramzan was awarded the Iron Cross, the desperate rogue swears by Allah,
He boasts of the cross before the guards, forgetting that his father is an imperial jester.
I'll ask you Chechens, why do you need freedom, under the heel of Russian oppression?
Under the rule of a moral-criminal freak, not peace will come to you, but war will return.
The one who serves the traitor will repent, in his own soul, not finding the right.
And again he will take up arms in his hands, he will take revenge on his enemies, and not again into the bushes.
Retribution comes, it is one-faced. Behind her is only death, humiliation and fear.
The corrupt clique will crumble into ashes, and everyone will be struck by the lawlessness of scope.
At the cost of betrayal and crimes, Kadyrov climbed onto the desecrated throne.
The scoundrel forgot about the dream of generations, causing enormous damage to Chechnya.
In the southeast of Chechnya (Nokhchichoy) in upper Ichkeria (Nokhchmokhk - modern Nozhai-Yurt district), in a hollow surrounded by wooded mountains to the very ridge, there are farms. This place is called Bena. Bena borders in the north with Engana and Gendargan, in the west with Darrla (Vedeno district), in the east with villages. Dattykh, in the south across the ridge is located with. G1ag1atli (Dag. ASSR-1andy) The Dagestanis called this village Bayan, part of the Avars -Baini, Russians -. Around the village of Ben there are more than a dozen farms: Vedana, Osi-Yurt, 1ozha-Yurt, Koiren Bena, Gurzhiin mokhk, Pkhachu, Ollamokhk, Dengi-Yurt, Lomk Arts, Sterchiyn kertashka, Bulgat irzu, Chilla k1azha and others.
The people living here are called benoevtsy (benoy). The people of this taip consider each other as taip brothers and sisters, and wherever they are, when they find out that they are of the same taip, they try to help each other in case of danger or need.
Taip benoi is included in Nokhchmahkahoy tukhum and is divided into 9 large gars:
1. Joby-nekye
2. Wanjby-nekye
3. 1asti-nekye
4. Achi-nekye
5. Chopal Nekye
6. Eyes-nekye
7. Dovshi-nekye
8. Edie Nekyo
9. Gurzhmakhkahoy
In taipa benoi, everyone is considered equal and there is no division into the best and worst gars and nekye.
People of the same gar are considered relatives (gergar nah). After the resettlement of the Benoevites in other villages, large gars became bud off smaller nekyō, named after pioneers or individual centenarians in the family.
For example, the Jobi-nekyo gar now includes Zha1par-nekye, Jonha-nekye, 1iski-nekye, Shatsi-nekye, Lit1i-nekye and others.
The Benoevsky taip is the largest in number, the most powerful and influential taip in Chechnya. The largest communities of the Benoi live in Benoy, Shelkovsky and Gudermes districts, the villages of Urus-Martan, Novye Atagi, Goity, Alkhan-Yurt, Shali and others. Most of the Benoyites are in the city of Urus-Martan. Representatives of the taipa benoi live in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and other countries. The Benoevites are considered true Chechens (tsenna nokhchiy). They are proud of their belonging to this nation they pronounce their national name "nokhchiy" with great dignity, in contrast to some unclean Chechens, who reluctantly call themselves "nokhchiy", they try to remove this name from use and replace it with the name "vainakh".
In the Chechen view, a true benoite (tsenna beno) looks like a man of large build, tall with big legs (there is even a saying “ bakkhy kogash bolu benoy”). A distinctive feature of the Benoyan people is candor, credulity to people and calm disposition . “But if you piss off a Benoite, then nothing will stop him,” people say.
In the area of Bena, as well as throughout Chechnya, people have been living since ancient times, at least for 40 thousand years, from the time when people still used stone tools. This is evidenced by random finds of stone tools in Benoy and its environs. Unfortunately, none of the archaeologists has yet excavated in Benoy.
Bena is a very ancient Chechen village. What this name means is not exactly known yet . But it is known that the ancient state of Urartu on the territory of Transcaucasia in the Urartian language, whose language was similar to modern Chechen, was called "Biayna". Some scholars believe that the Benoyites are the descendants of the Urartians (Prof. K. Chokaev, L. Babakhyan). According to the Benoyan Arabic-speaking teptars and genealogical According to the legends of the old people, the Benoi, as well as other Chechen taipas related to them (tsontaroy, gender gene, enganoy, zandakoy, bilta, 1allaroy, guna, bel-g1ata, kurchaloy, kharacha, ersana and others), are descendants of the Syrian Shahinshah (king) Said -Ali-ash-Shami and, once in the Caucasus, settled in the 10th century AD in the area of Nashkh (Galanchozh region), from where they moved to Makhkety, then to the Argun River and from there the legendary ancestor of the Benoites Bian moved through Tevzan to the place where he founded his village of Ben more than 1000 years ago.
This legend is also confirmed by the Nashkhoys, who point to the place where the ancestors of the Benoevs lived. This place is located in the Galanchozhsky district near the former Nashkhoevsky village of Motskara and is called "Bena-kha".
After the resettlement of the Benoi on the plain of Chechnya and in the mountains, many farms and villages of the same name appear: Be-ni-Yurt (Nadterechny district), Atag1a (Zhyma Ata-rla, Shali district), Bena (Shatoevsky district), k1otar ( Urus-Martanovsky district), arts (Shali district), etc.
The village of Benoy is also mentioned in the ancient Arabic-language sources (teptars) of other peoples. The village "Baya-ni-Yurt" is mentioned in the book about the history of Derbent "Der-bent-Name". Benoy is also mentioned in the book of the 1st half of the 15th century by the Alanian traveler and Muslim missionary Azdin Vazar.
In Iranian-language sources early XVII centuries, the village "Bayan, where the oil well is located" is mentioned as a village claimed by the Enderian princes (as well as Aukh and Salatavia).
The struggle of the Benoyites with the Kumyk princes in the 18th century led to the fact that in the dispute over Mount Benoin Lam, the Benoyites killed Prince Khamzatkhan, which became known to the Russian administration in Kizlyar.
The growing population of Benoi forced the Benoi to move to other lands, where, living in their own communities, the Benoi began to play a prominent role in the social and political life of the Chechen villages. So, according to Russian sources, from the middle to late XVIII century in the village of Aldy, representatives of the taip benoy played important role, and the Benoite Ada for a long time was the foreman of the village of Aldy, leading the struggle of the Aldy people against Prince Turlov. In addition, some of the Benoevites, who migrated from lack of land or because of blood feuds to other lands, mixed with other peoples, founding new surnames among them. So, according to legend, the Andians descend from the Benoites. Some Kumyks say that their ancestors came from Benoy. There are descendants of the Benoevs among the Ingush (the Akhilgovs, the Tsitskievs and part of the Dzhambulatovs) and the Cossacks.
According to the Benoy Teptars, the inhabitants of the village of Benoy were among the first in mountainous Chechnya to convert to Islam. At least one of the Benoyan ancestors of Khursul, who lived in the middle of the 16th century, was already considered a Muslim. In Benoy, Kurchaloin Berssheikh, who married a Beno-Evka, converted to Islam. The Benoyites actively participated in the spread of Islam in Nokhchmokhk. A. Berge in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" names taip bena among the indigenous Chechen noble (Uzden) families. .
The Benoevtsy, as the largest tribe in the Chechen people, for a long time played a leading role in the socio-political life of Chechnya.
The Benoyites played a particularly prominent role in the centenary Russian-Chechen war of the 18th - mid-19th centuries.
After the consolidation of the tsarist troops on the plane. Chechnya And Transferring in the 20s years XIX centuries of fortresses the Sunzha River, the center of resistance of the Chechens, passes into the mountains of the recalcitrant Nokhchmokhk (Ichkeria). Russian sources call the Ichkerinians (nokhchmakhkahoy) "the most powerful and warlike Chechen tribe." The base and epicenter of all political movements became "the very center of the land of the Ichkerinians, their main village of Benoy." Many Russian historians of the 19th century spoke about the fact that this aul was the main settlement of Ichkeria (Nokhchmokhka). (See Muhammed-Takhir al-Karahi. Shine of Dagestan sabers in some Shamil battles. T-! Makhachkala, 1990. P. 124, note 82; Volkova N. G. Ethnonyms and tribal names of the North Caucasus. M., 1973. S. 151).
Only with the support of the Benoyites did the imams and commanders begin their movements in Ichkeria and throughout Chechnya.
The Benoyites supported Imam Ghazi-Mohammed. After the defeat of 500 Cossacks in a horse battle near Gudermes, the Murids captured 2 cannons and “those two cannons were delivered to the village of Benoy” (Mukhammed-Takhir ... p. 30). In 1832, the army of Baron Rosen went through Chechnya with fire and sword. Then Benoy was also burned. But it did not take long before the recalcitrant Benoy “most contributed” to the plans of Tashev-Haji, the new imam of Chechnya.
In September 1839, after his defeat in Akhul-go, Imam Shamil with 7 murids, pursued and persecuted by all, went to Chechnya to his friends. In the hospitable Dattah he spends three days. Shamil's secretary wrote: “Then the murids went and stopped in the village of Benoy. The Benoyites showed them hospitality and great respect. Benoevets - Shamil's kunak even came to Dattykh to personally receive him as a guest. In the same place, after the twentieth day of the month of Rajab (1839), Muhammad-shapi, the son of Shamil, was born. Before the seventh day after his birth, a sacrificial animal was slaughtered in honor of Muhammadshapi” (p. 87.). Shamil lived in Benoy until the new moon of the month of Shaban.
M. N. Chichagova wrote in her book “Shamil in the Caucasus and in Russia” (St. Petersburg, 1889, p. 59) about the Benoites: “The inhabitants of this village, surrounded by wooded wilds, have always been rebellious and did not hide their hatred for the Russians. They willingly showed hospitality to Shamil.
The Benoyites and their leaders Barshkhin Baysungur (Boisa-rlap) and Solumgirin Soltamurad, having sworn allegiance to Imam Shamil, selflessly gave their lives in the gazavat for the freedom and independence of Chechnya.
It was at that time that the proverb was born that when the enemies were irresistibly pressing, the exhausted warriors asked Allah: “Wa Vezan Dela, benoin orca lolah!” (O Great God, give the Benoyan army to help). It was believed that even a cannon could not stop an inflamed Benoite (“Chura valla beno yokkha top tokhcha a satsa-lurvats”). The Benoy detachments showed their heroism in the Russian-Chechen war, in the Ichkeria (1842) and Dargin (1845) defeat of the tsarist armies, in the campaign against Georgia (1854) and others. And Naib Venoy Baysungur, having lost one eye, arm and leg in battles, continued to fight the enemy. The mazun (assistant of the naib) of Bsnoi and Baysungur's friend Solumgirin Soltamurad, the chiefs of the hundreds Ramzin 1ada, Barshkhin Bira, Mushin Zha1par, 1e-mazan T1elbish, Khukhan 1arb and many other famous and unknown warriors became famous in battles. Some Benoyites, despite huge losses, hardships and suffering, remained true to their oath and the idea of Chechnya's independence to the end.
On May 13, 1859, all of Chechnya was conquered, and the foremen of all Chechen villages expressed their obedience to the tsarist military command. Only the Benoy villages did not submit. Other Chechens, who did not want to submit to the enemy, also gathered here in the Benoev forests. The tsarist command outlawed the Benoyites. The leaders of the Benoevites, Baysungur and Soltamurad, led the resistance of the Benoevites. Baysungur with the Benoyites, following his oath, defended Imam Shamil in his last stronghold of Gu-nibe. After the surrender of Shamil, the recalcitrant Baysungur leaves for the Benoev forests, where he hides from the tsarist troops with his relatives and associates.
Imam Shamil knew well, respected and understood the role of the Benoyites in the movement of the Chechen people. Already in captivity, in Kaluga, giving characteristics to the tribes of the Caucasus, Shamil, in a conversation with the bailiff Runovsky, singles out the Benoyites as the most recalcitrant. As he believed, it was from Benoy that all movements began. From there, the uprisings spread throughout Chechnya, and then spread to Dagestan. Imam Shamil stressed that as long as the one-eyed Baysungur is alive, the Russians cannot hope for peace in the Beno-Evo auls. The tsarist authorities began the eviction of some of the Benoevites from their auls.
Colonel Alibek with the tsarist army tried to capture Baisungur, but when the Benoyites refused to extradite him, he began to prepare a new general eviction.
In May 1860, the Benoyites revolted. Baysungur and Soltamurad became its head. They were supported on the Argun by Uma Duev from Zumsoy and Qadi Atabai Ataev. Baysungur was elected Imam of Chechnya.
By July, the uprising had engulfed almost all of Ichkeria. Some villages of Avars and Kumyks joined the Chechens. The Chechens inflicted a number of defeats on the tsarist troops.
But the Russians pulled together large military forces led by General Musa Kundukhov. Using numerical, technical superiority, as well as the betrayal of wealthy Chechens, the tsarist troops crushed this uprising at the end of January 1861. 15 auls of Ichkeria were destroyed. Benoy was also burned. In mid-February, Imam Baysungur with his two sons, his daughter and her boy, as well as some associates, was surrounded and after the battle he was captured wounded. His naib Soltamurad managed to escape from the encirclement and went to Argun, where he became one of the leaders of the mountain rebels. Imam Baisungur was hanged in Khasav-Yurt and buried in the village. Pachalkya (Auch). Others were sent to Russia.
The royal authorities decided to wipe Benoy off the face of the earth.
On January 29, 1861, 1218 people were evicted from only one village of Benoy, settled in 5-10 households in the flat villages of Chechnya indicated by him. At the same time, the village of Ben appeared in Shatoi (near the village of Patenkhalla). But the tsarist authorities failed to destroy the recalcitrant Benoy. People returned to the Benoev forests and restored their homes, and the Benoev people settled in other villages influenced others with their independent behavior.
In the course of the genocide against the Benoyites, the tsarist authorities also used a more vile method, trying through their local agents to humiliate the authority of the Benoyites among the Chechen people. It was at the time when, after the conquest of all Chechnya, the recalcitrant Benoyites continued to resist and influenced other Chechens, urging them to fight for the freedom of the Motherland, the tsarist agents began to widely spread rumors among the Chechens about the alleged stupidity of the Benoyites, to compose jokes and ridiculous rumors about them.
Many Benoyites who lived on the plane continued to fight for the freedom of the Chechen people. In the history of Chechnya, the abrek Benoin Vara from Novye Atagi became famous, who fought in the Russian-Chechen war, then participated in the uprising of 1860-1861, then became the vekil of Sheikh Kunta-hadzhi, and after the uprising in Shali in January 1864 he became the famous abrek who fought against the royal conquerors. In 1865, as a result of betrayal, Vara was surrounded in the village. New Atagi by Russian dragoons and killed.
The Benoyites, dissatisfied with the tsarist colonial regime, were preparing a new uprising. Its leader was Solumgirin Soltamurad. Refusing the requests of his associates to become the Imam of Chechnya, Soltamurad offered the imam to the young son of his friend Aldam, the scientist Ali-bek-hadji from Simsir.
After the start Russian-Turkish war On the night of April 13, 1877, the Ichkerin uprising began. Soltamurad was chosen as the head of all naibs. The uprising immediately covered 47 auls of Ichkeria with a population of up to 18 thousand people. The supporting force was the Benoyites, Zandakovites and others. The secretary of Imam Alibek-hadji Aldamov was his true friend Benoyan Poitukin Ra'su, who left the Arabic-language history of the uprising of Alibek-Khadji and his ordeals in hard labor after being convicted by the royal court.
The uprising lasted for about a year. The tsarist military leaders, who at first suffered setbacks and heavy losses from the Chechens, pulled together a huge force of 25 thousand soldiers and, using traitors from the Chechens and Dagestanis, began to destroy the villages. General Svistunov expressed his policy towards the rebels in 1877 in the words: “Both Benoy and Zandak must be evicted without exception to Siberia, or, if these scoundrels do not wish, they should all be starved to death in winter, like cockroaches, and destroyed by hunger.”
Benoy was completely destroyed and burned, and the Benoyites were again expelled from the village, but some of the inhabitants still stubbornly returned back to the ashes.
On November 27, 1877, with the help of deceit, Alibek was lured out and arrested along with his associates. On March 9, 1878, 11 people were hanged in Grozny. Many rebels, including the inhabitants of Benoy, were exiled to Russia and Siberia. The head of the naibs, 70-year-old Solumgiri Soltamurad from Benoi, knowing the cunning of the tsarist authorities, did not succumb to persuasion, categorically refused to surrender to the Russians and became an abrek. In 1878 he fell ill and died. He was buried with great honors in Benoy.
New repressions were brought down on the Benoyites. They were evicted, imprisoned, killed, trying to beat out of them the spirit and desire for freedom.
The Benoyites were scattered all over Chechnya. Part went to Turiya. not to submit to the Russians. If the tsarist authorities failed to provoke the deportation of the Benoyites to Turkey in 1865, then part of the Benoyites, together with other Chechens, left in 1905. The Benoyites are increasingly losing contact with each other, divided by various sects, socio-political currents, and economic inequality. Some of the Benoevites went to the abrechestvo. Due to the fact that the city of Grozny has become the economic and political center of Chechnya, Benoy is losing its former significance.
The revolution of 1917 in Russia stirred up the whole of Chechnya. A national liberation movement began in Chechnya, a war against tsarist officials and Cossacks for the return of those taken away in Caucasian war lands. One of the first in all the villages of Chechnya, representatives of the taipa bena rose to fight for freedom. Benoevtsy participate in various political movements, often at enmity with each other.
Some support Imam Uzun-Haji and his North Caucasian Emirate, others support the Bolsheviks and the Terek People's Republic, others Tapa Chermoev and his North Caucasian Republic.
But one way or another, the vast majority of the Benoi continued to fight for the freedom of Chechnya. In a hundred-day battles in the city of Grozny, Petimat Arsanova from Novye Atagi died from a Cossack bullet. Her brother Saidbey Arsanov participated in the revolution in Russia, was a Bolshevik, and later a well-known Chechen writer, author of the book When Friendship Is Known.
In the struggle against the Cossacks and Denikin's army, many Benoyites from Goyta, Alkhan-Yurt, Urus-Martan, Novye Atagi, Benoy and other villages gave their lives. But insidiously forgetting all their promises to give the Chechens independence. The Red Army has occupied Chechnya since February 1920. Already in August 1920, a new uprising broke out in the mountains of Chechnya and Dagestan against the Soviet government under the rule of Shamil's grandson Said-Bek and N. Gotsinsky. With the transfer of the center of the uprising to the mountains of Chechnya, Benoy again acquires its former significance as the main base of the rebels. In September 1921, the uprising was crushed after the transfer of large regular units of the Red Army there. But the Benoites were not subdued. N. Gotsinsky with his headquarters went to the mountains, from where he led the uprising until 1925.
Already at the end of March 1923, agents informed the Chekists that the influential Sheikh Ali. Migaev arrived in the village. Benoy, where he gathered his adherents and agitated them against the Soviet regime. On May 17, 1923, an illegal congress of representatives of the clergy took place in the village of Benoy. Nazhmutdin Go-tsinsky addressed the audience with a speech. He urged them to unite for an early armed action in order to achieve complete independence. At the end of March 1924, Ali Mitaev with his brother Umar and associates were arrested and executed in the Rostov prison. But the uprisings could no longer be contained. Mountainous Chechnya was again engulfed in an uprising led by Imam N. Gotsinsky. In 1925, after bloody battles, the uprising was crushed, and N. Gotsinsky was taken prisoner.
Having defeated the rebels, having arrested and exiled leaders and influential persons, having disarmed the Chechens, Soviet authority began a general "collectivization" and "dispossession" in 1928-29. All Chechnya revolted again in December 1929. The centers of the uprising were in Goyty (leaders Ahmad-mulla and Nuriev), Shali (Shita Ista mulov) and Benoy (leaders Yaroch and Khojas). “The rebels,” wrote A. Avtorkhanov, “occupied all rural and regional institutions, burned state archives, arrested the district authorities, including the chiefs of the GPU, seized the oil fields in Benoy, and established a temporary people's power. This provisional government turned to the Soviet government with a demand: 1) to stop the illegal confiscation of peasant property under the guise of collectivization; 2) stop arbitrary arrests of peasants, women and children, under the guise of liquidating the "kulaks"; 3) recall the chiefs of the GPU from all districts of Chechnya, appointing in their place elected civilian officials from the Chechens themselves with the right to prosecute only criminal elements; 4) eliminate those appointed from above " people's courts» and restore the institution of Sharia courts provided for by the founding congress of Gorskaya Soviet republic 1921 in Vladikavkaz; 5) stop the intervention of the regional and central authorities in the internal affairs of the Chechen Autonomous Region, and to carry out any economic and political measures in Chechnya only by decision of the Chechen congress of elected representatives, as provided for in the status of autonomy.
The Moscow government, recognizing in words the justice of the demands of the rebels, agreed to satisfy them when the rebels stopped the war.
But the Soviet government again deceived the Chechens by trying to arrest the leader of the uprising, Shita Ista-mulov. Shita called on all Chechens to ghazavat for the restoration of Imamat Shamil and the expulsion of infidels from the Caucasus. Shali, Goyts, Benoy rebelled again.
By mid-December 1929, huge forces were drawn to the borders of Chechnya: more than five divisions. By mid-January 1930, Goity and Shali were taken with huge losses. Shita retreated to Ichkeria.
At the end of March 1930, the commander of the Red Army, Belov, received fresh forces from Transcaucasia and “launched a large mountain offensive with the task of capturing the last point of the rebels, Bena. After two months of heavy fighting and heavy casualties, in April 1930, Belov entered Benoy, but did not find a single inhabitant in the village: all the inhabitants, including women and children, were evacuated further into the mountain slums.
Belov sent parliamentarians to the rebels with an offer of an honorable peace: an amnesty was declared to everyone who voluntarily returned to the village with the surrender of weapons. But the rebels refused to submit, saying that they would return to their villages only when Belov left with his troops.
Unable to achieve obedience by force, the Soviet government changed tactics and made temporary concessions, withdrawing troops, abolishing collective farms and state farms in Chechnya, bringing huge amounts of manufactured goods to Chechnya at very low prices, and declaring an amnesty for the rebels, including their leaders.
But by the autumn of 1931, when Shita Istamulov was treacherously killed by the Chekists, the GPU launched a large operation "to eliminate kulak-counter-revolutionary elements and mullah-nationalist ideologists." 35,000 people were arrested for the most part shot in prisons and died in exiles and camps. Among them there were many Benoevites.
At the end of February and the beginning of March 1932, it was decided to raise a new uprising under the leadership of Imam Motsu Sol-tamuradov in the Benoi farmstead of Sterch-Kerch and the village of Shuani.
March 19, 1932 in the village. Benoy and Sterch-Kerch began an armed uprising that engulfed many villages of the No-zhai-Yurt region. But the division of the OGPU troops (commander A. Kozlov) and the police squadron (commander D. P. Mur-zabekov) defeated the rebels during the fighting. A. Kozlov was killed, Murzabekov was seriously wounded, the political instructor of the police cavalry squadron X. Mochgov was killed. In May 1932, the Motsu rebels were surrounded and destroyed, Motsu himself was captured. The Chekists brutally dealt with the rebels. On the farm of Sterch-Kerch, the KGB executioner Mazlak Ushasv, with the help of military units, shot dozens of Benoevites on the spot, many were arrested. (Kurylev I.V. The combat path of the Chechen-Ingush militia. Grozny, 1976. P. 113, 116).
In the autumn of 1932, new mass arrests took place in the Gudermes and Nozhai-Yurt regions. IN total up to 3,000 people were arrested in the Chechen Nationalist Center case. Many of them died.
The recalcitrant Benoyites, like all Chechens, were subjected to annual purges, repressing the best representatives. Some managed to go to the forests and mountains, becoming abreks and waging an uncompromising armed struggle against the Soviet colonialists. The Soviet government terrorized local residents, intimidated and destroyed everyone who could make even a hint of disagreement with the existing order. In 1937, the talented Chechen Benoev writers S. Arsanov from Novye Atagi and S. Baduev from Urus-Martan were repressed.
In 1943, Soviet Chekist troops from the Chekist Republic and the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic carried out a new bloody operation in the Benoevsky farm Lomk-Orts, suddenly attacking civilians and shooting (under the guise of reprisals against bandits) all the captured men.
It was preparation for the mass expulsion of Chechens from the Caucasus.
As a result of the eviction, the Benoyites divided tragic fate of the entire Chechen people: half of all people died.
Some others died in the war with Germany.
After the Chechens returned to their homeland in 1957, the Benoyites literally returned to Benoy and other villages with a fight.
They restore houses, fields, gardens, study, work, despite the most severe discrimination from the chauvinist authorities of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Teachers, doctors, historians, philologists, journalists, workers, soldiers, artists and others emerge from the Benoites.
Artists Isa Yasaev and Kharon Isaev are well-known in the republic, Doka Dzhabrailov from Urus-Martan, PhD in Law, Philosopher Adam Dudayev from Novye Atagi, Candidate historical sciences Shakhrudin Gapurov from Benoy, opera singer Movsar Mintsaev from Beni-Yurt, Nadterechny district, theater actor Ali Mairsultanov from Urus-Martan, military pilot Khairudin Visangariev from Benoy, vice-president of the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, member of the Parliament of the Chechen Republic Isa Arsamikov from Urus-Martan, First Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the First Stage of the National Congress of the Chechen People Lecha Umkhaev from Urus-Martan, First Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Chechen Republic Shamil Beno, former Minister light industry and Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Chechen Republic Musa Doshukaev, the first head of the finance department of the Chechen Republic Rizvan Guzhaev, Abdurashit Zakaev - the first chairman national bank Chechnya, former Minister of Social Security Vakha Magomedov from Urus-Martan, professional boxer master of sports Albert Guchigov, second mufti of the Chechen Republic Mahmud Garkaev from Novye Atagi, Nuzhden Daaev - general director of Chechenavtodor, honored teacher of the Chechen ASSR Dzhanarali-ev Ali, honored teacher of the RSFSR Yasaev Adlan from Urus-Martan, Mulaev Imran - deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CHIASSR and others.
The Benoites, who ended up in Jordan, showed themselves on the best side. Among the Benoites there were the Minister of Communications Said Beno, Deputy Chief of the Customs Service Amin Beno, generals AbdulLatif Said Batal, Samih Musa Beno, Sami Abdel-Hadi, Abdal-Me-jid. The Benoevites in the Chechen community of Jordan are the most influential part.
The best representatives of the Benoy taip continued to fight the Soviet colonial regime.
In the 1980s, a talented writer, a member of the literary club "Prometheus *", a student of the philological faculty of the Chechen State University Malik Akhmadov from Benoy, tragically died. Died trying to hijack a passenger plane to Turkey, dissident Makhaev from Urus-Martan. Since 1987, many Benoyites have been participating in the informal public organizations "Caucasus", "Bart", "People's Front", "Vainakhskaya Democratic Party” and others, participated in meetings, rallies, pickets, shook the foundations of the Soviet empire, advocated the idea of the sovereignty and independence of the republic, participated in the preparation of congresses of the Chechen people. The arrival in the city of Grozny on September 6, 1991 of a large detachment of Benoyites from Urus-Martan put an end to a month and a half rally demanding the overthrow of the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen ASSR and its chairman D. Zavgaev. On this day, the assault and fall of the communist regime followed. Most of the Benoyites, like their ancestors, stood up for the independence of the Chechen Republic on November 8, 1991 and during the pro-Russian putsch on March 31, 1992. Two of the guardsmen who died defending television were Daud Reshidov and Ibragim Temchiev from Benoy. Many Benoyites showed heroism during the war in Abkhazia. On June 4, 1993, the Benoyites again defended the independence of Chechnya. During the assault on the city assembly, Minkail Borziev from Benoy was killed, several Benoyites were wounded.
Died tragically on the same day national hero Chechen Member of Parliament Isa Arsamikov.
The whole history of the Benoy taip is an inseparable part of the history of the Chechen people. It was in the name of the entire Chechen people that the Benoyites gave their lives in the name of the entire Chechnya. The entire history of the Benoev taip shows that the Benoevites never followed the selfish interests of individual groups.
The independence of Chechnya, the freedom of the Chechen people and every Chechen, equality and prosperity - this is the idea for which our ancestors fought and for which we and our descendants must fight.
The publication was carried out at the expense of the Baisangur Benoevsky Charitable Foundation.
Book by Dalkhan Khozhaev"ROLE OF THE BENOEV TAIP IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE", 1993
Today it is no longer possible to find out why and at what time such a system as Chechen teips was established. It is known that already in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Nokhchi (Chechens), having united with the Ingush, completely laid down their ethnic group. And until that time, it is not known how long a kind of military-economic unions, that is, Chechen teips, were formed.
Legend
Legends say that the ancestors of the Chechens had a bronze cauldron with the names of the first twenty teips forged on it, but the cauldrons that were not included in this list were melted down. Nevertheless, the names of the original twenty have been preserved: Sesankhoy Ilyesi-nekye, Benoy, Mlli-nekye, Yubak-nekye, Tsentoroy and the remaining fifteen.
Chechen teips also united with each other. These large formations were called tukhums. Already in the middle of the nineteenth century, nine tukhums united Chechen teips, of which there were one hundred and thirty-five. Today there are more of them, and they are divided into mountainous ones, of which there are more than a hundred, and plains, of which there are about seventy. Each teip is internally divided into branches and surnames (gars and nekis). The head is the council of elders of the teip, where the most experienced and respected representatives make the law, in addition, the position of a byachcha - military leader is obligatory.
pure and mixed
Chechen teips were named, the list of which will be presented as completely as possible, according to the area where the clan lived, or the business that the clan was engaged in. For example, teip Kharachoy (translated into Russian - "cave") or teip Shara (translated - "glacier") are clearly named after the first type, but teip Peshkhoy is the teip of stove-makers, teip Khoi is guards, teip Deshni is gold jewelers .
There are pure and mixed teips. Nokhchmakhoy - this is the name of any pure teip - formed purely from Chechens, other blood was mixed with the rest. Guna, for example, is related to the Terek Cossacks, Kharacha - to a large extent with Circassian blood, Dzumsa - with Georgian, and Arsala - with Russian. Thus, mixed Chechen teips are distinguished. Their list is more extensive than the Nokhchmakhoy.
The main thing for teip is the beginning
Since this is a tribal union, the personality of each Chechen is formed here and all moral and moral standards. Postulates these Chechens call beginnings. Total started twenty-three. Some will be listed here. The inviolability and unity of customs for all members of the teip, without exception, is the first beginning. The second gives the right to land ownership on a communal basis. The third law is unlikely to correspond to the ideas of the rest of the civilized world - it prescribes blood feud for the murder of a relative in a teip, and this does not even depend on the proximity of kinship. To this day, pure Chechen teips are zealous about the established principles.
The fourth principle prohibits incest, that is, marriage between members of the teip is impossible. Fifth - for mutual assistance, if necessary, the entire teip is obliged to provide assistance to its representative. At the sixth beginning, the Chechens call to honor the dead: if a member of the teip dies, everyone wears mourning for a certain period of time, holidays and entertainment are prohibited. The seventh principle is about the council of elders, the eighth is about the choice of a leader and commander, not a single position is inherited. The ninth beginning is about representation, which is also decided by the council of elders, and the tenth is that positions in the council of elders are for life, but the history of Chechen teips also tells about cases of displacement of a representative.
blood feud
The third principle, which is professed by Chechen teips and tukhums, requires a wider disclosure. So, chir - for any person from the representatives of this genus. This is a custom with unusually deep roots. Even in the recent past, in the event of a murder, the whole family, and sometimes the teip, was forced to flee to foreign lands. Qi - blood - passed for many decades from generation to generation, until the last representative of a given surname, branch or teip was killed.
In later times, blood passes only to one family, but earlier the boundaries of the chir were determined by the council of elders of neutral teips.
Immediately after the murder, councils of elders gathered both in the teip where the misfortune happened, and in the one through whose fault it happened. In the first, they made a decision on revenge, and in the second, they looked for opportunities for reconciliation. Further negotiations followed. If the teip of the deceased did not agree to reconciliation, then neutral councils of elders were involved. If they did not win peace, then they began to work out the conditions for revenge: how widely revenge would spread, with what weapons. Under no circumstances should you kill a bloodline in the back and without warning, in holy month Ramadan, as well as on other holidays, cannot be killed in a crowded place and, even more so, at a party.
The beginning of the decomposition of the system
Civilization is taking over. Researchers are sure that today the teip system in Chechnya is gradually dying. Large teips - for example, Tsentaroy and Benoy - have grown so much that even blood relationship is forgotten and marriages within teips are possible. Many of them are gradually divided into an increasing number of genera, and the original teip becomes a tukhum.
Many Chechens remember the time when the youngest of them could name more than twenty tribes of their own direct ancestors. Now, not every young Chechen will even answer about belonging to a teip. Adults and the elderly are noticeably worried, because kinship in Chechen society is a fundamental value. People without a clan-tribe cannot be Chechens.
Noble Chechen teip
Yalkhoy, or rather, Yalkhoroy, a very famous teip. It was from him that the surname of Dudayev originated, and it is also one of the few teips in which alien hired workers existed, and according to other sources, slave labor. Origin is related to caste professional organization, warriors of Yalkhoroy even earned money by guarding the borders of other teips.
They lived in the village of the same name, as well as throughout Chechnya and Ingushetia, where they founded the village. The Yalkhoroians were the most faithful supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev. Until now, this clan has a cult of militancy and many other purely mountainous values: hospitality, reverence for women. They have a resolute disposition and in their ancestors consider themselves to be people of princely dignity.
Only a few Chechen teips have been studied well enough. Their origin is established and confirmed by numerous studies of scientists. Much less is known about the rest, and the information varies due to the fact that they are collected most often from oral legends and legends.
Chechen teip Line (Chartoy)
This is an extremely interesting clan, most notable for the fact that the Chartoys almost never fought, but on the contrary, they were peacekeepers and often acted as mediators in any intra-Chechen affairs. He was either on his own or in the tukhum of Nokhchmahkahoy - the information varies.
They had a family village in Chechnya - Chartoy-Yurt, but also lived in a dozen more places in Chechnya and in Georgia. Among the well-known representatives was the naib of Imam Shamil and a colonel in the guards of Alexander the First. According to Chechen teips - only teip Chartoy is of Jewish origin, this explains many differences between this clan and others.
Belgatoy, Beltoy (Biltoy) and Cherma
Quite large and well-known throughout Chechnya, the Belgatoy teip once existed as part of the Beltoy teip. The legend of origin is very beautiful. Once upon a time, it happened that an epidemic wiped out almost the entire Belgata, but a few survivors multiplied again and made their family even more successful than it was before. This is confirmed by the name itself: bel - "to die", gatto - "to resurrect". Among Chechens, Belgatoys are considered to be very energetic and efficient people.
Beltoy (or Biltoy) is also a numerous and well-known clan. From here came the politician Beybulat Taimiev, a contemporary of Pushkin, about whom the poet wrote during his trip to Arzrum. The people of Beltoy are settled everywhere, and in the old days they lived in the Nozhayyurt district, in the east of Chechnya. A well-known clan that the whole Teips knows, it is inhabited by various, but here is the most prominent political figure and the oilman Tapa Chermoev left from here. They settled mainly in the Mekhkets and near the Chermoy-Lam ancestral mountain, and in ancient times, as the legends say, all Chermoy people lived deep in the mountains.
Chechen teip Alleroy (Aleroy)
The name of this teip was kept on the legendary bronze cauldron brought by the ancestors to Nakhsh. It was here, in a settlement scattered throughout the country, but rooted in Eastern Chechnya, it was in this clan that the ex-president, who became a bandit, was born. This teip is clean, along with others written on a bronze cauldron, it is included in nakhchmakhkahoy. Settled in Nozhai-Yurt and Shali districts.
The story of the Alleroi has been around since the fifteenth century, after the invasion of Khan Timur, who killed many local residents and left his deputies in Chechnya from the Kabardian princes, Takrov, Nogai, Jai murzas and khans. The Chechens quickly multiplied and began to make daring attacks on the Timur vassals, trying to make a reconquista - to win back their lands. The first Aller founded the aul of the Alleroi, united the compatriots who remained after the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols in order to defend their lands. Alleroy is divided internally into five more teips, since the genus has become numerous, and it is still considered pure.
Benoy
It must be the most numerous of the teips in Chechnya, at least in second place in terms of numbers. Benoy billionaire Malik Saidullaev claims that out of the million remaining Chechens, three hundred and sixty thousand belong to the Benoy teip. They are settled throughout the republic, divided into nine genera. In all wars they took an active part, where they won unfading glory. For example, Baysangur Benoevsky did not leave Shamil until the very end, despite the military success that turned away from the hero.
A huge number of Benoyites live in the diasporas of Western Asia, from where terrorism is spreading throughout the world. And in Chechnya, on the contrary, the Benoyites are considered clumsy and cunning in a rural way. However, even here they are fearless, true to their word and duty. Many centuries ago, they formed the backbone of the peasant strata of the people, who overthrew the power of the Dagestan and Kabardian rulers. These are the fathers of mountain democracy, which became the foundation ethnic mentality. Among the clans of teip Benoy there are both Russian and Georgian blood.
Gendargenoy
The teip is also extremely numerous and famous, moreover - the center one, from the historical Nokhchiymokhk, widely settled in Chechnya. Diplomat and politician Doku Zavgaev is from here. Here is a granary for Chechnya, and for Dagestan, and much more remote places. It was here that the pre-Islamic Nashkha existed as a cultural, political, ritual and religious center.
The Council of the country (Mekhk khelov) was based here, from where pure Chechen teips appeared, among which, of course, Gendargenoy, whose representatives in the entire history of the country occupied one of the most prominent places. The Soviet government allowed the Gendargenoi to study, which they did with greater success than members of other clans. That is why this teip gave the country many leaders, party members and business executives.
Kharachoy and Deshni
This teip is famous for its representatives - who lived in different centuries, but who gained approximately equal fame. Information about this clan got into written Russian documents very early, and the Chechens say that it was the Kharachois who were the first to marry Russians, which did not prevent Zelimkhan from becoming an outstanding fighter against the royal power when the Caucasus was conquered. Chechnya respects this teip very much, considers it the most intelligent.
Deshni - mountain clan, south-east of the country, belongs to pure teips. Still preserved here princely surnames. One of those wearing this many years ago was able to marry a Georgian princess, passing off Mount Deshni-lam, which belongs to the entire teip, as his own. Now Deshni live everywhere, even in Ingushetia.
Nashkhoy and Zurzakhoy
Nashkho, the homeland of pure teips, is the entogenetic center of the Nokhchimatiens of the Middle Ages, which are mentioned by Armenian geographers of the nineteenth century. They lived in the southeast of the country. Some researchers classify the entire population of this area as one teip. Others subdivide.
Zurzakhoy is a teip from the original, even in its name it retained the medieval ethnonym - dzurzuk, as the ancestors of the Chechens and Ingush called themselves. This teip was not included in the tukhums, always occupying an independent position. He was not alone like that, even Sadoy, Peshkhoy, Maista.
The Chechen teip is a community of people related to each other by blood kinship on the paternal side. Each of them had their own communal lands and a teip mountain (from the name of which the name of the teip often came). Teips within themselves are divided into so-called. "gars" (branches) and "neki" - a term that has the meaning of a surname. Chechen teips are united in nine tukhums, a kind of territorial unions. Blood relations among the Chechens served the goals of economic and military unity.
A teip organization is a cell where a personality is formed. Tape installs and maintains ethical standards, concentrating around the term "ozdangala", meaning modesty, good breeding, composure, frankness, courtesy. The norms of "ozdangala" provide, for example, the condemnation of a person for cutting off a branch for the sake of pampering; they force a Chechen to sit without leaning back, without spreading his legs, without turning his head, not to stare at a woman, etc. A person who follows the norms of “ozdangala” must show courage and heroism in emergency circumstances. Etiquette norms of behavior prescribe the younger to stand up when the elder appears, to go to the left of the elder, to occupy a certain place in the room, to feed the guest first, etc.
Since in a traditional society the proximity of territory and blood often coincide, it is more correct to call a teip a tribal-territorial community. In fact, a teip is a group of several clans living on a common territory and being in a relationship of social equality with each other. A teip group is a community of closely related surnames. In the villages and auls of Chechnya, there are entire neighborhoods and streets where people from one teip have long lived and they are called by his name.
The teip group, like the family group, acts as an integral entity, each of its members strives to maintain its authority, the condemnation of a person for deviating from tribal and religious prescriptions is experienced and condemned by all its members.
IN mid-nineteenth century Chechen society consisted of 135 teips. Currently, they are divided into mountainous (about 100 teips) and plains (about 70 teips).
In the Chechen teip nomenclature, names based on territorial affiliation are found. For example, Kharachoy (“cave”), Khacharoy (“plum valley”), Shara (“glacier”)
There are teips, whose names are compiled according to production, according to the names of crafts. For example, Peshkhoy (“bakery”), Deshni (“goldsmith”), Khoy (“guards”).
There is also a conditional division of teips into "pure" and "mixed". Originally Chechen teips, called "nokhchmakhy", who inhabited the area near Mount Nashkho, and then settled throughout Chechnya (Benoi, Tsentoroy, Kurchaloy, etc.) claim the title of "clean". The assimilated or “mixed” teips included foreigners (Gunoi - having a relationship with the Terek Cossacks, Dzumsa - with Georgians, Varanda - with Khevsurs, Kharacha - with Circassians, G1ezla - Tatars, Suli - Avars, G1umkhi - Kumyks, Zhutki - Jews-tatami ).
