Roman "Dubrovsky" A.S. Pushkin is the most famous Russian robber novel, created in the spirit of the genre popular in England, France and Germany in the 18th-19th centuries. literary composition, in the center of which is the image of a noble robber.
The novel is based on the idea of moral decay Russian nobility and its opposition common people. The themes of protection of honor, family lawlessness, peasant revolt are revealed.
History of creation
The novel in 3 parts was begun by Alexander Pushkin (1799 - 1837) after finishing work on the composition of Belkin's Tale in the autumn of 1832.
Pushkin wrote only 2 volumes of the planned three-volume work, the second of which was completed in 1833, that is, work on the novel went quite quickly. The third volume was never launched.
The first publication of the work took place 4 years after the death of the poet in a duel in 1841. Pushkin did not leave the name of the novel in the manuscript, and he was prefaced with the name of the protagonist "Dubrovsky".
The basis for the work was a case told to the poet by his comrade Nashchokin. According to the story, the landowner Ostrovsky, ruined by the fault of a high-ranking neighbor, gathered his serfs and created a gang of robbers. History interested Pushkin as a realistic basis for prose writing.
Analysis of the work
Main plot
(Illustration by B. M. Kustodiev "Troekurov chooses puppies")
The landowners Troekurov and Dubrovsky, the father of the protagonist Vladimir, are neighbors and friends. Row conflict situations they divorce friends from each other, and the Troekurovs, taking advantage of their special position, claim the rights to the neighbor's only estate. Dubrovsky is unable to confirm his right to the estate and goes crazy.
The son Vladimir, who arrived from the city, finds his father near death. Soon the elder Dubrovsky dies. Not wanting to put up with injustice, Vladimir burns down the estate along with the officials who came to register it for Troekurov. Together with the devoted peasants, he goes into the forest and terrifies the entire district, however, without touching the people of Troekurov.
A French teacher goes to serve in the Troekurovs' house and, thanks to bribery, Dubrovsky takes his place. In the enemy's house, he falls in love with his daughter Masha, who loves him back.
Spitsyn recognizes in the French teacher a robber who robbed him. Vladimir has to go into hiding.
At this time, the father gives Masha in marriage to the old prince against his will. Vladimir's attempts to upset the marriage are not successful. After the wedding, Dubrovsky and his gang surround the carriage of the young and Vladimir frees his beloved. But she refuses to go with him, as she is already married to another.
The provincial authorities are making an attempt to surround Dubrovsky's gang. He decides to stop the robbery and, disbanding the people loyal to him, goes abroad.
Main characters
Vladimir Dubrovsky in the work of Pushkin appears as one of the most noble and courageous heroes. He is the only son of his father, a hereditary impoverished nobleman. The young man graduated Cadet Corps and is a cornet. At the time of the news about the estate taken from his father, Vladimir was 23 years old.
After the death of his father, Dubrovsky gathers loyal peasants and becomes a robber. However, his robbery is painted with noble tones. All the victims of the gang are rich people leading an unworthy lifestyle. In this, the image of the protagonist largely intersects with the image of Robin Hood.
Dubrovsky's goal is revenge for his father and it is aimed at Troekurov. Under the guise of a teacher, Vladimir settles in the landowner's house and starts a good relationship with all family members, and falls in love with her daughter Masha.
Dubrovsky's courage and determination are evidenced by an incident in Troekurov's house. Being jokingly locked in a room with a bear, Dubrovsky does not lose his composure and kills the bear with one shot from a pistol.
After meeting with Masha the main objective the hero changes. For the sake of reuniting with his beloved, Dubrovsky is ready to give up his desire to take revenge on her father.
Masha's refusal to follow Dubrovsky after her marriage to Vereisky, as well as the raid on the gang, force Vladimir to abandon his plans. He nobly lets his people go, not wanting to drag them into trouble. The rejection of his beloved and the flight abroad testify to the humility of the young man and unwillingness to go against fate.
In the existing outlines for the third volume, Vladimir's return to Russia and attempts to return Masha can be traced. In this regard, we can say that the hero does not give up his love, but only accepts the desire of his beloved to live according to church laws.
(note from the editor - Kirila Petrovich - not to be confused with Kirill)
Troekurov in the novel is the main negative character. A rich and influential landowner knows no bounds in his tyranny; for the sake of a joke, he can lock a guest in a room with a bear. At the same time, he respects independent people, which include Vladimir's father Andrei Gavrilovich. Their friendship comes to an end because of trifles and Troekurov's pride. Deciding to punish Dubrovsky for insolence, he appropriates his estate, using his unlimited power and connections.
At the same time, the image of Troekurov is built not only in negative tones. The hero, having cooled down after a quarrel with a friend, regrets his act. In his behavior, Pushkin lays the pattern of the Russian social structure in which the nobles felt omnipotent and unpunished.
Troekurov is characterized as loving father. His younger son born out of wedlock, but brought up in a family on an equal footing with eldest daughter Masha.
The pursuit of profit can be traced in the choice of a husband for her beloved daughter Masha. Troekurov knows about his daughter's reluctance to marry an old man, but organizes a wedding and does not allow his daughter to run away with her beloved Dubrovsky. This is a great example of how parents try to make their children's lives contrary to their wishes.
Masha Troekurova at the time of the action is a 17-year-old girl who is brought up alone big estate She is silent and withdrawn into herself. Her main outlet is her father's rich library and French novels. The appearance in the house of a French teacher in the form of Dubrovsky for a romantic young lady develops into love, similar to numerous novels. The truth about the personality of the teacher does not frighten the girl, which speaks of her courage.
It is important to note that Masha is principled. Married to an unwanted husband - an old count - Masha rejects Dubrovsky's offer to run away with him and talks about her duty to her husband.
The work is dramatic in its composition and stands on bright contrasts:
- friendship and judgment
- meeting of the protagonist with his native places and father's death,
- funeral and fire
- holiday and robbery,
- love and escape
- marriage and battle.
Thus, the composition of the novel is based on the conflict method, that is, the collision of contrasting scenes.
Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky" under the shell romantic essay contains a number of deep reflections of the author on the problems of Russian life and organization.
The novel "Dubrovsky" was created by Pushkin in 1832-1833. The title does not belong to Pushkin and was given by the publishers by the name of the protagonist. The plot of this work was based on the story of Pushkin’s close friend P. V. Nashchokin “about one Belarusian poor nobleman named Ostrovsky (as the novel was called at first), who had a trial with a neighbor for land, was forced out of the estate and, left with some peasants , began to rob first clerks, then others. Nashchokin saw Ostrovsky in jail. Pushkin knew similar cases of the Nizhny Novgorod landowners Dubrovsky, Kryukov and Muratov, as well as the mores of the owner of the village of Petrovskoe P. A. Hannibal.
In the original plan of the novel, there was no father Dubrovsky and the history of his friendship with Troekurov, there was no discord between lovers, there was no figure of Prince Vereisky, which is very important for the idea of stratification of the nobility (aristocratic, but poor; thin, but rich). In addition, in the novel, Dubrovsky becomes a victim of betrayal, and not the prevailing circumstances. It outlines the story of an exceptional personality, daring and successful, offended by a rich landowner, court and avenging himself.
In the text that has come down to us, Pushkin, on the contrary, emphasized the typicality and ordinariness of Dubrovsky, with whom an event characteristic of the era happened. Dubrovsky in the story is not an exceptional personality. It is connected with the whole way of life and life of that time. Dubrovsky and his peasants, like the landowner Ostrovsky in life, found no other way out than robbery, robbery of offenders and rich noble landowners. This theme has been widely developed in Western and Russian literature.
The novel is set in the 1820s. The novel presents two generations - fathers and children. The life history of the fathers is compared with the fate of the children. The story of the friendship of fathers is a harbinger, "a prelude to the tragedy of children."
Initially, Pushkin named the exact date that separated the fathers: “The glorious year 1762 separated them for a long time. Troekurov, a relative of Princess Dashkova, went uphill. These words mean a lot. Both Dubrovsky and Troekurov are people of the Catherine era, who began their service together and strove to make good career. 1762 - the year of Catherine's coup, when Catherine II overthrew her husband Peter III from the throne and began to rule Russia. Dubrovsky remained loyal to the Emperor Peter III, as the ancestor of Pushkin himself (Lev Aleksandrovich Pushkin).
Troyekurov, on the contrary, sided with Catherine II, who brought him closer to her. Since then, the career of Dubrovsky, who did not change his oath, began to decline, and the career of Troekurov, who changed his oath, went uphill. Troyekurov belonged to that new service noble nobility, which, for the sake of ranks, titles, estates and awards, did not know ethical barriers. Dubrovsky - to that ancient aristocracy, which revered honor, dignity, duty above any personal benefits. Consequently, the reason for the disengagement of the nobility and the quarrel between the two landowners lies in the historical circumstances and in the morals of the heroes.
A lot of time has passed since Dubrovsky and Troekurov parted ways. They met again when both were out of work. Troekurov and Dubrovsky did not become enemies. On the contrary, they are connected by friendship and mutual affection, but these strong human feelings they are not able to first prevent a quarrel, and then to reconcile people who are at different levels of the social ladder, just as they cannot hope for common destiny their loving friend friend's children - Masha Troekurova and Vladimir Dubrovsky.
This tragic idea of the novel about the social and moral stratification of people from the nobility and the social enmity of the nobility and the people is embodied in the completion of all storylines. It generates inner drama, which is expressed in the contrasts of the composition: friendship is opposed by a court scene, Vladimir's meeting with his native nest is accompanied by the death of his father, stricken by misfortunes and a fatal illness, the silence of the funeral is broken by the menacing glow of a fire, the holiday in Pokrovsky ends with a robbery, love - flight, wedding - battle. Vladimir Dubrovsky inexorably loses everything: in the first volume, his patrimony is taken away from him, he is deprived of his parental home and familiar society, the socio-cultural environment in which he lived before. In the second volume, Vereisky robs him of love, and the state takes away his robber will. So human feelings come into tragic duel with prevailing laws and customs.
To rise above them, you need to get out of their power. Pushkin's heroes strive to arrange their own destiny in their own way, but they fail to do so. Vladimir Dubrovsky is testing three options for his life lot: a wasteful and ambitious guards officer, a modest and courageous Deforge, a formidable and honest robber. The purpose of such attempts is to change fate. But this cannot be done, because the place of the hero in society is fixed forever: he is the son of an old nobleman with the same properties that his father had - poverty and honesty, dignity and pride, nobility and independence. Maintaining honesty in poverty is too much of a luxury. Poverty obliges to be complaisant, moderate pride and forget about honor. All Vladimir's attempts to defend his right to be poor and honest end in disaster, because the spiritual qualities of the hero are incompatible with his social and property status.
Marya Kirilovna is internally related to Dubrovsky. She, "an ardent dreamer", saw in Vladimir a romantic hero and hoped for the power of feelings. She believed that she could soften her father's heart. She naively believed that she would touch the soul of Prince Vereisky, awakening in him a “feeling of generosity”, but he remained indifferent to the words of the bride. He lives by cold calculation and rushes the wedding. Social, property and other external circumstances are not on the side of Masha, and she is forced to make concessions and agree with the will of her father. She can still cross the line in the relationship of a rich aristocratic young lady with a poor teacher, but her upbringing does not allow her to associate life with a criminal, with a robber torn away from society, even if a “noble” one. The boundaries defined by life are stronger than the hottest feelings. The heroes understand this too: Masha firmly and resolutely rejects Dubrovsky's help.
The same tragic situation develops in folk scenes. The nobleman stands at the head of the rebellion of the peasants who are devoted to him and carry out his orders. But the goals of Dubrovsky and the peasants are different, because the peasants ultimately hate all the nobles and officials, although the peasants are not without humane feelings. They are ready to take revenge on the landowners and officials in any way, even if they have to live by robbery and robbery, that is, to commit a forced, but a crime. And Dubrovsky understands that society has doomed him and the peasants to be outcasts.
Although the peasants are determined to sacrifice themselves and go to the end, neither of them good feelings to Dubrovsky, nor his good feelings for the peasants do not change the tragic outcome of events. The order of things was restored by government troops, Dubrovsky left the gang. The union of the nobility and the peasantry was possible only on short term and reflected the failure of hopes for joint resistance to arbitrariness.
The tragic questions of life that arose in the novel were not resolved. Probably, as a result of this, Pushkin refrained from publishing the novel, hoping to find positive answers to the burning life problems that worried him.
Questions and tasks
- What formed the basis of the plot of the novel "Dubrovsky"? Tell about it.
- Why did Pushkin emphasize Dubrovsky's ordinariness?
- Why is it impossible to reconcile the elder Dubrovsky and Troekurov, reunite Masha and Vladimir Dubrovsky?
Work on the novel "Dubrovsky" was started by A.S. Pushkin October 21, 1832. The plot was based on an episode reported to Pushkin by his friend P.V. Nashchokin, who told about one "Belarusian poor nobleman, by the name of Ostrovsky." That's what the novel was originally called. This nobleman had a process with a neighbor for land, was ousted from the estate and, left with some peasants, began to rob first clerks, then others. Nashchokin saw this Ostrovsky in jail.
Pushkin at that time was considering the plot of a historical novel about a daring nobleman who entered the service of Pugachev, and he found in Nashchokin's story a plot about a hero of the same type, prompted by life itself.
N.G. Chernyshevsky wrote about this novel: “It is difficult to find a more accurate and lively picture in Russian literature, like a description of the life and habits of a great master of the old times at the beginning of the story“ Dubrovsky ””.
This lesson is about the novel "Dubrovsky".
Today, the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Dubrovsky" is in the center of our attention.
It has already been said that for freedom-loving poems, Pushkin was sent into exile, first to Chisinau, then to Odessa, and then to the village of Mikhailovskoye in the Pskov province. In 1826, Alexander Sergeevich was summoned by Nicholas II to Moscow. The field of conversation with the poet, the king said that he was talking with smartest person Russia. A.S. Pushkin was allowed to live in Moscow and even work in the archives.
In the early thirties, the poet begins to write prose works. He worked on the novel "Dubrovsky" from October 1832 to February 1833. But the novel was not finished like that, and during the life of the writer it was not published.
The novel was based on a message from a friend of A.S. Pushkin P.V. Nashchokin (Fig. 1) about a poor nobleman named Ostrovsky, who had a process with a neighbor for land. Ostrovsky was ousted from the estate and, left with some peasants, began to rob.
Rice. 1. K.P. Maser. P. V. Nashchokin. 1839 ()
It is also known that before starting work on the novel, A.S. Pushkin visited Pskov, Boldino, where similar cases of landowners Muratov, Dubrovsky, Kryukov were considered. Thus, the novel was based on real life circumstances, which were creatively reworked by A.S. Pushkin.
What is a novel?
A ROMAN is a large narrative work that is distinguished by its diversity actors and plot twist. That is, in the novel there are many events in which a large number of heroes.
PLOT - the sequence and connection of events in a work of art.
In the nineteenth century, the genre became very popular adventurous adventure novel, works appeared where honesty was opposed to meanness, generosity to greed, love to hate.
Many writers used the “dressing up” technique to add entertainment, and also changed the chronology of events. Main character such a work was invariably beautiful, honest, noble, courageous, and the adventurous romance ended with the victory of the protagonist.
A.S. Pushkin made an attempt to write a similar work, but the depth revealed in his novel life problems did not allow him to finish this work. A.S. Pushkin was unable to fit living characters into the rigid schemes of this genre.
The action of the novel "Dubrovsky" takes place in the twenties of the nineteenth century and develops over a year and a half.
What was the society of those times like?
Autocracy, serfdom. At the head of the state is the king. The main estates are nobles, officials, peasants, serfs and warriors. The nobleman owned the estate, which consisted of land and serfs. The nobility was heterogeneous. Some nobles owned vast lands, estates and a large number of peasants, while others had small possessions. Nobles could marry and marry only people from their class.
Most of the nobles considered serfdom to be normal and disposed of their peasants as property. Most of the people who did not belong to noble family, they did not consider worthy of respect and attention.
The nobles lived on their estate, did housework, traveled to visit each other. The peasants called their master "master", the mistress - "lady", and the children - "barchuks" or "barchats".
The main characters of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, his daughter Marya Kirillovna, his neighbor and friend Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and his son Vladimir.
Let's talk about Troyekurov.
What Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin says about him:
His wealth, noble family and connections gave him great weight in the provinces ...
That is, Troekurov had power over people and could do as he pleases:
The neighbors were glad to cater to his slightest whims; provincial officials trembled at his name; Kirila Petrovich accepted signs of servility as a proper tribute ...
The rudeness and willfulness of Kirila Petrovich Troekurov can be explained by great wealth and unlimited power over people. It can be said that he treated his guests in the same way as serfs, he believed that he could buy everything, and humiliated the dignity of people.
At about seven o'clock in the evening some of the guests wanted to go, but the host, cheered up by the punch, ordered the gates to be locked and announced that no one would be allowed out of the yard until the next morning. This is how he was at home.
In domestic life, Kirila Petrovich showed all the vices of an uneducated person. Spoiled by everything that only surrounded him, he was used to giving full rein to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the undertakings of a rather limited mind. ...
He suffered from gluttony twice a week ... (Fig. 2)
Rice. 2. Postcard-illustration to the story of A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()
Troyekurov's usual occupations consisted of traveling around his vast estates, in lengthy feasts and in pranks, which, moreover, were invented daily.
Troekurov, haughty in dealing with people of the highest rank, respected Dubrovsky, despite his humble state. Once they were comrades in the service, and Troekurov knew from experience the impatience and determination of his character.
Dubrovsky, the only one of the people around him, behaved proudly, was independent and refused the patronage of his former colleague.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky were partly similar in character and inclination, this similarity was manifested in pride, but Troekurov maintained this feeling in himself with a consciousness of his wealth and power, and Dubrovsky with an awareness of the antiquity of his family and noble honor. Both landowners had a hot, quick-tempered character, both loved dog hunting and kept dogs.
Their friendship was broken by an accident at the Troekurov kennel (Fig. 3):
Rice. 3. Postcard-illustration to the story of A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()
An order was given to the kennel and aspirants to be ready by five o'clock in the morning. The tent and kitchen were sent forward to the place where Kirila Petrovich was to dine. The owner and guests went to the kennel, where more than five hundred hounds and greyhounds lived in contentment and warmth, glorifying the generosity of Kiril Petrovich in their dog language. There was also an infirmary for sick dogs, under the supervision of the head doctor Timoshka, and a department where noble females whelped and fed their puppies. Kirila Petrovich was proud of this wonderful establishment and never missed an opportunity to boast of it to his guests, each of whom had visited it at least for the twentieth time. He paced around the kennel, surrounded by his guests and accompanied by Timoshka and the chief kennels; he stopped in front of some kennels, now inquiring about the health of the sick, now making remarks more or less strict and fair, now calling familiar dogs to him and talking affectionately with them. The guests considered it their duty to admire Kiril Petrovich's kennel. Only Dubrovsky was silent and frowning. He was an ardent hunter. His condition allowed him to keep only two hounds and one pack of greyhounds; he could not help feeling some envy at the sight of this splendid establishment. “Why are you frowning, brother,” Kirila Petrovich asked him, “or do you not like my kennel?” “No,” he answered sternly, “the kennel is wonderful, it’s unlikely that your people live the same as your dogs.” One of the psars was offended. “We don’t complain about our life,” he said, “thanks to God and the master, and what’s true is true, it would not be bad for another and a nobleman to exchange the estate for any local kennel. He would have been better fed and warmer.” Kirila Petrovich laughed out loud at the impudent remark of his serf, and the guests after him burst out laughing, although they felt that the kennel's joke could apply to them as well. Dubrovsky turned pale and did not say a word. At this time, newborn puppies were brought to Kiril Petrovich in a basket; he took care of them, chose two for himself, and ordered the others to be drowned (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Postcard-illustration to the story of A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()
An incident in the kennel characterizes Dubrovsky as a proud man who does not want to turn into a jester who has a feeling dignity, and therefore Dubrovsky assessed the remark of the kennel as an insult to noble honor by a serf.
The quarrel between Dubrovsky and Troekurov cannot be called an accident, it was natural, because Troekurov treated everyone haughtily. Dubrovsky was deeply offended and could not bear this humiliation.
Troekurov did not want to offend Dubrovsky and wanted to return the friendship of his proud neighbor, but when Dubrovsky punished Troekurov’s peasants, known robbers, who stole the forest from him, then Troekurov” lost his temper and in the first moment of anger wanted to attack Kistenevka with all his servants, ruin it to the ground and besiege the landowner himself in his estate. Such feats were not unusual for him. .
A thirst for revenge arises in Troekurov, and he chooses the meanest way of revenge - to take away the estate from his former comrade.
That is the strength to take away the property without any right.
And to do it under the guise of legality and by proxy.
To fulfill this vile plan, he chooses an assessor Shabashkin, who, for money, is ready with great zeal to carry out Troekurov's illegal plans, that is, to violate the law, of which he is a representative.
Shabashkin worked for him, acting on his behalf, intimidating and bribing judges and interpreting all sorts of decrees at random.
Dubrovsky was amazed. He did not allow the thought that someone could encroach on his lawful property.
Shabashkin understands that Dubrovsky knows little about business and that it will not be difficult to put a man so hot and imprudent in the most disadvantageous position.
The first chapter ends disappointingly:
On February 9, Dubrovsky received an invitation through the city police to appear before the Zemstvo judge to hear the decision on the disputed estate between him, Lieutenant Dubrovsky, and General Troekurov, and to sign his pleasure or displeasure. On the same day, Dubrovsky went to the city; Troekurov overtook him on the road. They looked proudly at each other, and Dubrovsky noticed an evil smile on his opponent's face.
Former comrades became enemies.
Officials of the district court met Dubrovsky and Troekurov in different ways. On Dubrovsky "No one paid attention, but when Kirill Petrovich arrived, the clerks got up and put their feathers behind his ear, the members met him with an expression of deep subservience, moved him a chair out of respect for his rank, years and corpulence."
The picture of the court evokes a feeling of annoyance and pity for Dubrovsky, indignation against the triumph of Troekurov and protest against the servility and subservience of the judges.
A.S. Pushkin emphasizes the unnaturalness of this trial with such details: the assessor addresses Troekurov with a low bow, and simply brings paper to Dubrovsky. At the same time, Troekurov is sitting in an armchair, and Dubrovsky is standing, leaning against the wall.
The judge counted on Troekurov's gratitude. Troekurov signed under the court decision "perfect his pleasure."
Dubrovsky became motionless, bowing his head.
The unfair criminal decision of the court led Dubrovsky to a sudden insanity.
The judges did not receive the desired reward from Troekurov, since Dubrovsky's sudden madness had a strong effect on his imagination and poisoned his triumph. Troyekurov realized that he had gone too far, his conscience spoke in him. The whole idea of the court turned into a real disaster for Dubrovsky, and his mind was clouded.
Rice. 5. Postcard-illustration to the story of A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()
Troyekurov wanted to punish his recalcitrant neighbor. He did not need Kistenevka, he had enough of his own estates, his own wealth, he wanted to break Dubrovsky's pride and independence, trample on his dignity, but, of course, he did not want to drive his opponent to madness.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wanted to show that unlimited power cripples the soul of its owner, and also leads to the tragedy of many other people.
Bibliography
- Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin performed by masters artistic word/Collection/MP3-CD. - M.: ARDIS-CONSULT, 2009.
- V. Voevodin. The story of Pushkin. - M.: Children's literature, 1955.
- Pushkin A.S. Dubrovsky. - M.: Children's literature. 1983.
- Literature. 6th grade. At 2 p.m. / [V.P. Polukhina, V.Ya. Korovina, V.P. Zhuravlev, V.I. Korovin]; ed. V.Ya. Korovina. - M., 2013.
- Librusek. A lot of books. "Our everything." What to read about Pushkin A.S. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- "Encyclopedia of Russian painting" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Electronic Publications Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS. Pushkin's Cabinet [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Homework
Choice task (1 or 2).
- Prepare a concise retelling of one chapter according to your own plan.
- Prepare oral story on one of the topics (A or B).
A. Subject:"Why did Vladimir Dubrovsky become a robber?"
Plan.
- Brief history of the hero's life.
- Changes in the fate of the hero after the death of his father.
- Character traits of the hero: ambition, love for the father (Chapter 3), nobility (Chapter 4, stands up for Shabashkin); courage, courage, resourcefulness, determination, composure.
- Dubrovsky the Robber.
- Love for Masha Troekurova.
- Author's sympathy for the main character.
- My attitude to Vladimir Dubrovsky.
B. Subject:"Vladimir Dubrovsky and Masha Troekurova".
Plan.
- The story of the life of heroes and their families (friendship of fathers, lost their mother early, lonely and impressionable).
- Dubrovsky - Deforge (love for Masha).
- Masha's indifference to Dubrovsky.
- Meeting Masha and Vladimir.
- Courtship of Prince Vereisky.
- Waiting for help from Dubrovsky.
- Masha's wedding.
- Honor and loyalty given word- the main values of the characters.
- My relationship with the characters.
Lesson 16 Grade 6
Subject: The history of the creation of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky".
Goals: broaden students' understanding of historical era beginning of the 19th century, to introduce the history of the creation of the novel "Dubrovsky"
Planned learning outcomes:
Subject:
- cognitive area:show an attentive attitude to the artistic word, to the artistic detail;
- value orientation sphere: to formulate one's own attitude to the work of A. S. Pushkin, to the novel "Dubrovsky", to its heroes; to join the spiritual and moral values of Russian literature;
- communicative sphere:master the skills expressive reading and acting skills;
Personal: to realize the personal meaning of the doctrine; show readiness for self-development.
Meta-subject (criteria for the formation / evaluation of the components of universal learning activities- UUD):
Cognitive: navigate in the text artwork; answer teacher's questions; generalize, draw conclusions; find necessary information in the textbook;
Regulatory: organize a performance venue; acquire the ability to understand learning objectives lesson, assess their achievements in the lesson;
- communicative:show willingness to engage in dialogue; participate in a group discussion of the project.
During the classes.
- Motivation of educational activity.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin... It is difficult to find a person who would not know this name. Pushkin enters our lives from childhood and remains with us forever. “Pushkin's language is sweet and melodious,” said V. G. Belinsky. For some, Pushkin is an unsurpassed poet, whose bright, refined poetry a person needs like air. For someone it is good wizard, the creator of many children's fairy tales, remember their names: "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish", "The Tale of dead princess and seven heroes", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan"...
For all of us Pushkin - Great master artistic word, who wrote a novel in verse "Eugene Onegin", "Tales of Belkin", " captain's daughter”, the novel “Dubrovsky”.
Everywhere, always worthy of yourself
You, wizard, amazed us,
Did you captivate with a slender picture,
Did you sting, or yearned.
P. Markov
- Updating of basic knowledge.
- Goal setting.
- Work on the topic of the lesson.
Among prose works A.S. Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky" occupies a special place. The novel remained unfinished and was published after his death. As a master of the word, Pushkin was always interested in man, the movements of his soul. The plot of this work was based on the story of a close friend P. Nashchekin (how one landowner sued a neighbor over land and he took everything from him and he had to rob others along with his peasants). The novel is set in the 1820s. Together with the heroes of his works, the author was looking for answers to vital questions. important questions so often occurring in life. In the novel "Dubrovsky" there are many such questions: about honor and dishonor, about revenge and forgiveness, about the tyranny of the Russian nobility and the devotion of the peasants, about love and hatred.
- Work with the textbook.
Commented reading of chapter 1.
- Working on a plan. Write the plan in a notebook.
Sample plan.
A) The old Russian master Kirila Petrovich Trekurov.
B) The old Russian master Andrey Gavrilych Dubrovsky.
C) Friendship of Troekurov and Dubrovsky.
D) a quarrel between friends.
E) Troekurov's insidious plan.
E) Dubrovsky's invitation to court.
7. Conversation on questions.
Why did Troekurov love and respect Dubrovsky?
Was Dubrovsky right in the kennel?
why two best friend become enemies?
Who is to blame for their quarrel?
8. Reflection.
9. Homework.
Dubrovsky
"Dubrovsky"- the most famous robber novel in Russian, an unedited (and possibly unfinished) work of A. S. Pushkin. It tells about the love of Vladimir Dubrovsky and Maria Troekurova - the descendants of two warring landlord families.
History of creation
When creating the novel, Pushkin was based on the story of his friend P. V. Nashchokin about how he saw in prison “one Belarusian poor nobleman, by the name of Ostrovsky, who had a lawsuit with a neighbor for land, was forced out of the estate and, left with some peasants , began to rob, first clerks, then others. During the work on the novel, the main character's surname was changed to "Dubrovsky". The action takes place in the 1820s and spans about a year and a half.
The title was given to the novel by the publishers when it was first published in 1842. In the Pushkin manuscript, instead of the title, there is the date when work on the work began: "October 21, 1832." The last chapter is dated February 6, 1833.
The plot of the novel
A rich and wayward Russian master, a retired general-in-chief landowner Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, whose whims are catered to by neighbors and whose name provincial officials tremble, maintains friendly relations with his closest neighbor and former comrade in the service, a retired lieutenant, a poor but independent nobleman Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. Troekurov has a violent personality, often subjecting his guests to cruel pranks by locking them in a room with a hungry bear without warning.
Due to the insolence of the serf Troekurov, a quarrel occurs between Dubrovsky and Troekurov, turning into enmity between neighbors. Troyekurov bribes the provincial court and, taking advantage of his impunity, sues Dubrovsky for his estate Kistenevka. Senior Dubrovsky goes crazy in the courtroom. The younger Dubrovsky, Vladimir, a guards cornet in St. Petersburg, is forced to leave the service and return to his seriously ill father, who soon dies. Dubrovsky sets fire to Kistenevka; the estate given to Troekurov burns down along with the court officials who came to formalize the transfer of property. Dubrovsky becomes a robber like Robin Hood, terrifying on local landowners, who, however, did not touch the Troekurov estate. Dubrovsky bribes a passing French teacher Deforge, who intends to enter the service of the Troekurov family, and under his guise becomes a tutor in the Troekurov family. He is put to the test with a bear, which he kills with a shot in the ear. Between Dubrovsky and Troekurov's daughter, Masha, love arises.
Troekurov gives the seventeen-year-old Masha in marriage to the old Prince Vereisky against her will. Vladimir Dubrovsky tries in vain to prevent this unequal marriage. Having received the agreed sign from Masha, he arrives to save her, but too late. During the wedding procession from the church to the Vereisky estate, Dubrovsky's armed men surround the prince's carriage, Dubrovsky tells Masha that she is free, but she refuses his help, explaining her refusal by the fact that she has already taken an oath. Some time later, the provincial authorities try to surround Dubrovsky's detachment, after which he disbands the "gang" and hides abroad from justice.
Possible sequel
In Maykov's collection of Pushkin's drafts, several drafts of the last, third volume of the novel have been preserved. Decryption of a later version: The text is based on the book "From Pushkin's Papers" Researchers interpret Pushkin's plan as follows: after the death of Vereisky, Dubrovsky returns to Russia to reunite with Marya. Perhaps he is pretending to be English. However, Dubrovsky receives a denunciation related to his robbery, this is followed by the intervention of the police chief.
Criticism
In literary criticism, there is a similarity of certain situations of "Dubrovsky" with Western European novels on a similar topic, including the authorship of Walter Scott. A. Akhmatova ranked "Dubrovsky" below all other works by Pushkin, pointing out its compliance with the standard of the "tabloid" novel of that time:
Screen adaptations
- "Eagle" ( The Eagle) - Hollywood silent film with a heavily modified plot (1925); V leading role- Rudolph Valentino
- "Dubrovsky" - film Soviet director Alexander Ivanovsky (1936)
- "The noble robber Vladimir Dubrovsky" - a film directed by Vyacheslav Nikiforov and his 4-episode extended television version called "Dubrovsky" (1989).
Opera
- Dubrovsky - opera by E. F. Napravnik. The first production of Eduard Napravnik's opera "Dubrovsky" took place in St. Petersburg on January 15, 1895, at the Mariinsky Theater, under the direction of the author.
- Dubrovsky (film-opera) - film-opera by Vitaly Golovin (1961) based on opera of the same name E. F. Napravnica
