Drama is one of the three main genres of literature, which is simultaneously correlated with three types of art - literature, theater and music.
Dramaturgy is mainly associated with the theater as the main form of performing arts. On its stage, all the "three unities" that underlie any dramatic work are realized. Their specific concept, intended for performance from the stage, has long been called plays. The very word "play" French descent and literally means "excerpt", "part", "work". Otherwise, a play can be called any dramatic work intended for staging in the theater, as well as for radio and television performances.
IN musical art the play is understood primarily as the specific name of the works instrumental music. However, there are other meanings, such as finished musical composition or a small instrumental lyrical composition.
Building a play
It should be noted that the very concept of a play is purely formal and does not carry any genre or stylistic load. However, as a rule, the title of the play explains or indicates its genre identity: comedy, tragedy, drama, tragicomedy, etc.
Any play in the construction of its composition obeys the laws of the "three unities", which belong to the pen of Aristotle - the unity of time, place and action.
The logical sequence of action is always written in the following order of the elements of the play:
- The exposition is the setting in motion of the play. It contains an arrangement actors, describes how circumstances develop, reveals the reasons why it begins to unfold plot outline. As a rule, the exposition is located before the beginning of the action.
- The plot - here the main conflict of the play begins to unfold.
- Rise of action - a chain of events originating from the conflict of the play.
- The climax is the peak of the main conflict.
- The denouement of the action is mainly provoked by the climax, we find out what the heroes end up with: someone loses, wins, and someone dies.
The structure of the play is presented
- dialogues and monologues of heroes;
- author's remarks, where the author wants to emphasize, for example, some features of the behavior of the hero or the situation;
- a list of characters, which is given at the very beginning of the play, indicating the profession or family ties of the characters;
- acts - the semantic parts of the play, which in turn are divided into smaller ones - episodes, pictures, phenomena.
Features and genre originality
The main difference between the play and others dramatic works is that it was created exclusively for performances in the theater.
The play also has a certain chain of plot development, which we talked about a little higher: exposition - plot - escalation of conflict - climax - denouement. It should be noted that this state of affairs prevailed in the European theater until the middle of the 19th century, when the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen reformed the canons of the play. With Ibsen, the dramatic production began to carry an ideological overtone, and where it usually ended (denouement), everything was just beginning for him. The replicas and dialogues of the characters began to play a more significant role in the development of the idea and the plot. human voice became the leader in the play, and the psychology of the hero began to emerge more clearly in the dramaturgy.
The play, as mentioned earlier, is not special kind or the genre of drama, however, it can be staged in any genre, for example, in the genre of comedy, where the humorous overtones are driving force plays. Or, on the contrary, a tragedy production where the plot inevitably moves to a catastrophic denouement of the action: someone dies or someone is killed. Genre originality helps the viewer to enter the author's style of building the play.
You may also be interested in the following articles on this topic.
The meaning of the word PIECES in the Dictionary of Literary Terms
PLAY
- (from fr. piece - piece, part) - common name literary works of dramatic genres (tragedies, comedies, dramas, vaudeville, etc.). see drama
Dictionary of literary terms. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is PIESA in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- PLAY in the Dictionary of Musical Terms:
(from late Latin pecia - piece, part). 1) a dramatic work intended to be presented in a theatre. 2) solo or ensemble musical work, ... - PLAY in the Literary Encyclopedia:
[French] pi?ce - “thing”, “piece”] - as a dramatic term is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the already ... - PLAY
[French piece] dramatic or musical… - PLAY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
s, w. 1. Dramatic work for theatrical performance. 2. Small musical instrumental work lyrical or virtuoso character (e.g. nocturne, ... - PLAY V encyclopedic dictionary:
, -s. and. 1. Dramatic work for theatrical performance. 2. A small musical instrumental lyrical or virtuoso composition. I am for … - PLAY in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
pie "sa, pie" sy, pie "sy, pie" s, pie "se, pie" itself, pie "su, pie" sy, pie "soy, pie" soy, pie "themselves, pie" ce, ... - PLAY in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-s, well. 1) Dramatic work for theatrical performance. [Treplev:] She... is against my play, because it is not she who is playing, but Zarechnaya. … - PLAY
Composition … - PLAY in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
Drama and... - PLAY in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(fr. piece) 1) a dramatic work; 2) small instrumental music. composition of a lyrical or virtuoso nature (e.g., nocturne, ... - PLAY in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[fr. piece] 1. dramatic work; 2. small instrumental music. composition of a lyrical or virtuoso nature (e.g. nocturne, ... - PLAY in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
see spectacle, game, ... - PLAY in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
Bagatelle, Burlesque, Vocalise, Duetino, Spectacle, Invention, Interlude, Intermezzo, Intrada, Campanella, Canzone, Canzonetta, Capriccio, Cu, Cui, Novelletta, Nocturne, Paraphrase, Perpetuum Mobile, Potpourri, ... - PLAY in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
and. 1) a) A dramatic work intended for a theatrical performance. b) outdated. A small piece of literature (usually poetry). 2) A completed piece of music... - PLAY in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
play, ... - PLAY in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
play, ... - PLAY in the Spelling Dictionary:
play, ... - PLAY in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
a small musical instrumental lyrical or virtuoso composition by P. for button accordion. a play a dramatic work for a theatrical… - PIECES in Dahl's Dictionary:
play for women , French dramatic, theatrical or... - PLAY in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
and (obsolete) play, play, g. (French pice). 1. Dramatic work. Put new play. Translation play. In dramatic plays... in us... - PLAY in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
the play 1) a) A dramatic work intended for a theatrical performance. b) outdated. A small piece of literature (usually poetry). 2) Completed musical ... - PLAY in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
and. 1. A dramatic work intended for a theatrical performance. ott. obsolete A small piece of literature (usually poetry). 2. A completed piece of music (usually... - PLAY in the Big Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language:
and. 1. A dramatic work intended for a theatrical performance. ott. obsolete A small piece of literature (usually poetry). 2. Finished...
The play is form literary work, written by a playwright, which usually consists of dialogue between characters and is intended for reading or theatrical performance; small piece of music.
Use of the term
The term "play" refers to both the written texts of playwrights and their theatrical performance. A few playwrights, such as George Bernard Shaw, showed no preference for having their plays read or performed on the stage. A play is a form of drama based on a serious and complex conflict.. The term "play" is used in a broad sense - regarding the dramatic genre (drama, tragedy, comedy, etc.).
A piece in music
A piece in music (in this case, the word is like Italian pezzo, literally “piece”) is an instrumental work, often small in volume, which is written in the form of a period, a simple or complex 2-3 partial form, or in the form of a rondo. In the name piece of music its genre basis is often determined - dance (waltzes, polonaises, mazurkas by F. Chopin), march (“March of the Tin Soldiers” with “ children's album" by P. I. Tchaikovsky), a song ("Song without words" by F. Mendelssohn).
Origin
The term "play" is of French origin. In this language, the word piece includes several lexical meanings: part, piece, work, excerpt. Literary form plays passed long haul development from ancient times to the present. Already in the theater Ancient Greece two classical genre dramatic performances - tragedy and comedy. Later development theatrical art enriched the genres and varieties of drama, and, accordingly, the typology of plays.
genres of the play. Examples
A play is a form of literary work dramatic genres, among which:
Development of the play in literature
In literature, the play was initially considered as a formal, generalized concept that indicated the belonging artwork to the dramatic genre. Aristotle (“Poetics”, sections V and XVIII), N. Boileau (“Message VII to Racine”), G. E. Lessing (“Laocoön” and “Hamburg Dramaturgy”), J. W. Goethe (“Weimar Court Theater” ) used the term "play" as a universal concept that applies to any genre of drama.
In the XVIII century. dramatic works appeared, in the titles of which the word “play” appeared (“A play about the accession of Cyrus”). In the 19th century The name "play" was used to refer to lyric poem. Playwrights of the 20th century sought to expand the genre limits of drama by using not only different dramatic genres, but also other types of art (music, vocals, choreography, including ballet, cinema).
The compositional structure of the play
The compositional construction of the text of the play includes a number of traditional formal elements:
- title;
- list of actors;
- character text - dramatic dialogues, monologues;
- remarks (author's notes in the form of an indication of the place of action, the characteristics of the character of the characters or a specific situation);
The text content of the play is divided into separate complete semantic parts - actions or acts that may consist of episodes, phenomena or pictures. Some playwrights gave their works an author's subtitle, which denoted genre specifics and stylistic direction of the play. For example: “play-discussion” by B. Shaw “Marriage”, “play-parabola” by B. Brecht “ a kind person from Sichuan.
Functions of the play in art
The play had a strong influence on the development of art forms. World-famous artistic (theatrical, musical, cinematographic, television) works are based on the plots of the plays:
- operas, operettas, musicals, for example: W. A. Mozart's opera "Don Giovanni, or the Punished Libertine" is based on the play by A. de Zamora; the source of the plot of the operetta "Truffaldino from Bergamo" is the play by C. Goldoni "The Servant of Two Masters"; the musical "West Side Story" - an adaptation of W. Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet";
- ballet performances, for example: the ballet Peer Gynt, based on the play of the same name by G. Ibsen;
- cinematographic works, for example: the English film "Pygmalion" (1938) - film adaptation play of the same name B. Shaw; Feature Film Dog in the Manger (1977) based on the play of the same name by Lope de Vega.
Modern meaning
Until our time, the interpretation of the concept of a play as a universal definition of belonging to dramatic genres, which is widely used in modern literary criticism And literary practice. The concept of "play" is also applied to mixed dramatic works that combine the features of different genres (for example: the comedy-ballet introduced by Molière).
The word play comes from French piece, which means piece, part.
Collected online, updated regularly
Play
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A play (French pi; ce) is a dramatic work, usually classical style, created for staging any action in the theater. This is a general specific name for works of drama intended to be performed from the stage.
The structure of the play includes the text of the characters (dialogues and monologues) and functional author's remarks (notes indicating the location of the action, interior features, appearance of the characters, their behavior, etc.). As a rule, the play is preceded by a list of actors, sometimes with an indication of their age, profession, titles, family ties, etc.
A separate complete semantic part of the play is called an act or action, which may include smaller components - phenomena, episodes, pictures.
The very concept of a play is purely formal, it does not include any emotional or stylistic meaning. Therefore, in most cases, the play is accompanied by a subtitle that defines its genre - classical, main (comedy, tragedy, drama), or author's (for example: My poor Marat, dialogues in three parts - A. Arbuzov; Let's wait and see, a pleasant play in four acts - B. Shaw, The Good Man from Sezuan, parabolic play - B. Brecht, etc.). The genre designation of the play not only performs the function of a "hint" to the director and actors in the stage interpretation of the play, but helps to enter the author's style, the figurative structure of the dramaturgy.
In the art of music, the term piece, as a rule, is used as a specific name for works of instrumental music.
Play
Literary Encyclopedia
Play
PIECES (French piece - “thing”, “piece”) - as a dramatic term, it is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the genres already canonized by theory. Yes, in history French theater we meet the word "play" in the repertoire fair theaters, which, under the influence of persecution from the Comedie Francaise and Comedie Italienne, create the most curious genres - “piece a ecritaux”, “piece a ariette”, etc. These are small everyday scenes, the tradition of which was picked up by the Jacobin revolutionary theater, who created the genre of topical political performance - "piece a circonstance". The word "P." also found in Diderot's treatise De la poesie dramatique. Diderot in P. does not see any particular genre - P. he calls any dramatic. work written in household theme, so in its scale dramatic. Diderot P. does not insert genres.
P. is greatly spreading in connection with the development of a real-everyday theater - a theater that, by its main goal considered the exact reproduction of empirically known reality in the form of a kind of "piece of living life." Being the most general, universal designation dramatic works and having the ability to combine all the dramatic genres, the play leveled each of them and thereby lost its individual properties. The most characteristic feature of bourgeois P. is the ordinariness and mediocrity of everything that takes place in it. There are no strong dramatic conflicts, no heroic tension, no sharp and evil laughter. The bourgeois play is entirely within the bounds of empirical and socially compromised, liberal art.
In Soviet dramaturgy, the traditional "P." begins to undergo significant changes towards the typification of images and the activation of means of influence. So. arr. The development of Soviet dramaturgy does not lead to the consolidation of drama as a genre, but, on the contrary, to the creation of a whole series of new genres that have a relief individual outline and are devoid of the amorphousness and hybridity that constitute the essence of drama.
