Eugene Onegin reflected the whole life of Russian society at the beginning of the 19th century. However, two centuries later, this work is interesting not only in historical and literary plan, but also in terms of the relevance of the questions that Pushkin posed to the reading public. Everyone, opening the novel, found something of their own in it, empathized with the characters, noted the lightness and mastery of style. And quotes from this work have long become aphorisms, they are pronounced even by those who have not read the book itself.
A.S. Pushkin created this work for about 8 years (1823-1831). The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" began in Chisinau in 1823. It reflected the experience of "Ruslan and Lyudmila", but the subject of the image was not historical and folklore characters, but modern heroes and the author himself. The poet also begins to work in line with realism, gradually abandoning romanticism. During the period of Mikhailovsky exile, he continued to work on the book, and completed it already during the forced imprisonment in the village of Boldino (Pushkin was detained by cholera). Thus, creative history works absorbed the most "fertile" years of the creator, when his skill evolved at a frantic pace. So his novel reflected everything that he had learned during this time, everything that he knew and felt. Perhaps this circumstance owes its depth to the work.
The author himself calls his novel "a collection of colorful chapters”, Each of the 8 chapters has relative independence, because the writing of “Eugene Onegin” lasted a long time, and each episode opened a certain stage in Pushkin’s life. In parts, the book came out, the release of each became an event in the world of literature. The complete edition was published only in 1837.
Genre and composition
A.S. Pushkin defined his work as a novel in verse, emphasizing that it is lyrical-epic: the storyline, expressed by the love story of the characters (epic beginning), is adjacent to digressions and author's reflections (lyrical beginning). That is why the genre of "Eugene Onegin" is called "novel".
"Eugene Onegin" consists of 8 chapters. In the first chapters, readers are introduced to central character Eugene, move with him to the village and meet a future friend - Vladimir Lensky. Further, the drama of the narration increases due to the appearance of the Larin family, especially Tatiana. The sixth chapter is the culmination of the relationship between Lensky and Onegin and the flight of the protagonist. And at the end of the work, the storyline of Eugene and Tatiana is unraveled.
Lyrical digressions are connected with the narration, but this is also a dialogue with the reader, they emphasize the “free” form, proximity to a heart-to-heart conversation. The same factor can explain the incompleteness, openness of the finale of each chapter and the novel as a whole.
About what?
A young, but already disillusioned with life, nobleman inherits an estate in the village, goes there, hoping to dispel his blues. begins with the fact that he was forced to sit with a sick uncle, who left his nephew family nest. However, the village life soon bores the hero, his existence would become unbearable if it were not for his acquaintance with the poet Vladimir Lensky. Friends are "ice and fire", but the differences did not interfere with friendly relations. will help figure this out.
Lensky introduces a friend to the Larin family: an old mother, sisters Olga and Tatyana. The poet has long been in love with Olga, a windy coquette. The character of Tatyana, who herself falls in love with Eugene, is much more serious and whole. Her imagination has been drawing a hero for a long time, it remains only for someone to appear. The girl is suffering, tormented, writing a romantic letter. Onegin is flattered, but understands that he cannot respond to such a passionate feeling, therefore he gives a harsh rebuke to the heroine. This circumstance plunges her into depression, she anticipates trouble. And the trouble really came. Onegin decides to take revenge on Lensky because of an accidental quarrel, but chooses a terrible means: he flirts with Olga. The poet is offended, challenges his yesterday's friend to a duel. But the culprit kills the "slave of honor" and leaves forever. The essence of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is not even to show all this. The main thing worth paying attention to is the description of Russian life and the psychologism of the characters, which develops under the influence of the depicted atmosphere.
However, the relationship between Tatiana and Eugene is not over. They meet at a secular evening, where the hero sees not a naive girl, but a mature woman in full splendor. And he falls in love. Also tormented and writes a message. And meets the same rebuff. Yes, the beauty has not forgotten anything, but it’s too late, she is “given to another”:. A failed lover is left with nothing.
Main characters and their characteristics
The images of the heroes of "Eugene Onegin" are not random selection actors. This is a miniature Russian society of that time, where all known types are scrupulously listed noble people: the poor landowner Larin, his secular but degraded wife in the village, the exalted and bankrupt poet Lensky, his windy and frivolous passion, etc. All of them represent Imperial Russia during its heyday. No less interesting and original. Below is a description of the main characters:
- Eugene Onegin - main character novel. It carries dissatisfaction with life, fatigue from it. Pushkin tells in detail about the environment in which the young man grew up, about how the environment shaped his character. Onegin's upbringing is typical for the nobles of those years: a superficial education aimed at being successful in a decent society. He was prepared not for a real business, but exclusively for secular entertainment. Therefore, from a young age I was tired of the empty brilliance of balls. He has a "soul direct nobility" (feels friendly affection for Lensky, does not seduce Tatyana, taking advantage of her love). The hero is capable of a deep feeling, but is afraid of losing his freedom. But, despite the nobility, he is an egoist, and narcissism underlies all his feelings. The essay contains the most detailed description character.
- Very different from Tatyana Larina, this image appears ideal: a whole, wise, devoted nature, ready for anything for the sake of love. She grew up in a healthy environment, in nature, and not in the world, so real feelings are strong in her: kindness, faith, dignity. The girl loves to read, and in the books she drew an image of a special, romantic, shrouded in mystery. It was this image that was embodied in Eugene. And Tatyana, with all her passion, truthfulness and purity, gave herself up to this feeling. She did not seduce, did not flirt, but took the liberty of confessing. This brave and honest act did not find a response in Onegin's heart. He fell in love with her seven years later, when she shone in the light. Fame and wealth did not bring happiness to the woman, she married the unloved, but Eugene's courtship is impossible, family oaths are sacred to her. More about this in the essay.
- Tatyana's sister Olga does not represent great interest, it does not contain any acute angle, everything is round, not for nothing that Onegin compares it with the moon. The girl accepts Lensky's courtship. And any other person, because, why not accept, she is flirtatious and empty. Between the Larin sisters, there is immediately an enormous difference. Youngest daughter went to her mother, a windy socialite who was forcibly imprisoned in the village.
- However, the poet Vladimir Lensky fell in love with the coquettish Olga. Probably because it is easy to fill the void with your own content in dreams. The hero was still burning with hidden fire, he felt subtly and analyzed little. It has high moral concepts, therefore it is alien to the light and not poisoned by it. If Onegin talked and danced with Olga only out of boredom, then Lensky saw this as a betrayal, former friend became an insidious tempter of a sinless girl. In the maximalist perception of Vladimir, this is immediately a break in relations and a duel. In it, the poet lost. The author raises the question, what could await the character with a favorable outcome? The conclusion is disappointing: Lensky would have married Olga, become an ordinary landowner and become vulgar in a routine vegetative existence. You may also need .
Themes
- The main theme of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is extensive - it is Russian life. The book shows life and upbringing in the world, in the capital, village life, customs and occupations, typical and at the same time unique portraits of characters are drawn. Almost two centuries later, the characters contain features that are inherent in modern people, these images are deeply national.
- The theme of friendship is also reflected in "Eugene Onegin". The main character and Vladimir Lensky were in close friendship. But can it be considered real? They met on occasion, out of boredom. Eugene sincerely became attached to Vladimir, who warmed the cold heart of the hero with his spiritual fire. However, just as quickly, he is ready to offend a friend, flirting with his beloved, who is happy about this. Eugene thinks only about himself, he is absolutely unimportant to the feelings of other people, so he could not save his comrade.
- Love is also an important theme of the work. Almost all writers talk about it. Pushkin was no exception. In the image of Tatiana is expressed true love. It can develop in spite of everything and stay for life. Onegin no one loved and will not love like main character. Missing this, you remain unhappy for life. Unlike the sacrificial, all-forgiving feelings of a girl, Onegin's emotions are pride. He was frightened by a timid girl who fell in love for the first time, for whose sake it would be necessary to abandon the disgusting, but familiar light. But Eugene was subdued by a cold secular beauty, with whom to visit is already an honor, not like loving her.
- Theme extra person. The trend of realism appears in the work of Pushkin. It was the environment that brought Onegin up so disappointed. It was it that preferred to see superficiality in the nobles, the focus of all their efforts on creating secular brilliance. And nothing else is needed. On the contrary, education folk traditions, the society of ordinary people made the soul healthy, and the nature whole, like Tatiana's.
- The theme of devotion. Faithful to her first and most strong love Tatyana, and frivolous, changeable and ordinary Olga. Larina's sisters are completely opposite. Olga reflects a typical secular girl, for whom the main thing is herself, her attitude towards her, and therefore it is possible to change if there is a better option. As soon as Onegin said a couple of pleasant words, she forgot about Lensky, whose affection is much stronger. Tatyana's heart is true to Eugene all his life. Even when he trampled on her feelings, she waited a long time and could not find another (again, unlike Olga, who quickly consoled herself after Lensky's death). The heroine had to get married, but in her heart she continued to be faithful to Onegin even though love is no longer possible.
Problems
The problems in the novel "Eugene Onegin" are very indicative. It reveals not only psychological and social, but also political shortcomings and even whole tragedies of the system. For example, the outdated, but no less terrible, drama of Tatyana's mother is shocking. The woman was forced to marry, and she broke down under the onslaught of circumstances, becoming an evil and despotic mistress of a hated estate. But what actual problems raised
- The main problem that is raised in all realism in general, and Pushkin in "Eugene Onegin" in particular, is the destructive influence of secular society on the human soul. A hypocritical and greedy environment poisons the personality. It makes outward demands of decency: the young man must know a little French, read a little fashion literature, to be decently and expensively dressed, that is, to impress, to seem, and not to be. And all the feelings here are also false, they only seem. That is why secular society takes away the best from people, it cools the brightest flame with its cold deceit.
- Khandra Evgenia is another problematic issue. Why does the main character get depressed? Not only because society has corrupted him. main reason- he does not find the answer to the question: why all this? Why does he live? To go to theaters, to balls and receptions? The absence of a vector, direction of movement, awareness of the meaninglessness of existence - these are the feelings that embrace Onegin. Here we face the eternal problem of the meaning of life, which is so difficult to find.
- The problem of selfishness is reflected in the image of the protagonist. Realizing that no one would love him in a cold and indifferent world, Eugene began to love himself more than anyone in the world. Therefore, he does not care about Lensky (he only blows boredom), Tatyana (she can take away her freedom), he thinks only of himself, but he is punished for this: he remains completely alone and is rejected by Tatyana.
Idea
The main idea of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is to criticize the existing order of life, which dooms more or less outstanding natures to loneliness and death. After all, there is so much potential in Eugene, but there is no business, only secular intrigues. How much spiritual fire is in Vladimir, and besides death, only vulgarization in a feudal, suffocating environment can await him. How much spiritual beauty and mind in Tatyana, and she can only be the hostess of secular evenings, dress up and carry on empty conversations.
People who do not think, do not reflect, do not suffer - these are the ones who are existing reality. This is a consumer society that lives at the expense of others, which shines while those "others" vegetate in poverty and filth. The thoughts that Pushkin thought about deserve attention to this day, remain important and urgent.
Another meaning of "Eugene Onegin", which Pushkin laid down in his work, is to show how important it is to preserve individuality and virtue when temptations and fashions rage around, which subjugate more than one generation of people. While Eugene was chasing new trends, playing the cold and disappointed hero of Byron, Tatyana listened to the voice of her heart and remained true to herself. Therefore, she finds happiness in love, albeit unrequited, and he finds only boredom in everything and everyone.
Features of the novel
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a fundamentally new phenomenon in the literature of the early 19th century. He has a special composition - this is a "novel in verse", a lyrical-epic work of great volume. In lyrical digressions, the image of the author, his thoughts, feelings and ideas, which he wants to convey to readers, emerges.
Pushkin strikes with the lightness and melodiousness of his language. His literary style is devoid of heaviness, didacticity, the author is able to talk about complex and important things simple and clear. Of course, much needs to be read between the lines, since severe censorship was ruthless to geniuses, but the poet is also not sewn with a bastard, so he managed to tell about the socio-political problems of his state in the elegance of the verse, which were successfully hushed up in the press. It is important to understand that before Alexander Sergeevich, Russian poetry was different, he made a kind of “revolution of the game”.
The feature is also contained in the system of images. Eugene Onegin is the first in the gallery of "superfluous people", who contain a huge potential that cannot be realized. Tatyana Larina "raised" female images from the place “the main character needs to love someone” to an independent and integral portrait of a Russian woman. Tatyana is one of the first heroines who looks stronger and more significant than the main character, and does not hide in his shadow. This is how the direction of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is manifested - realism, which more than once will open the topic of an extra person and affect a difficult woman's destiny. By the way, we also described this feature in the essay "".
Realism in the novel "Eugene Onegin"
"Eugene Onegin" marks Pushkin's transition to realism. In this novel, the author for the first time raises the theme of man and society. Personality is not perceived separately, it is part of the society that educates, leaves a certain imprint or completely forms people.
The main characters are typical yet unique. Eugene is an authentic secular nobleman: disappointed, superficially educated, but at the same time not like those around him - noble, intelligent, observant. Tatyana is an ordinary provincial young lady: she was brought up on French novels, filled with the sweet dreams of these works, but at the same time she is a “Russian soul”, a wise, virtuous, loving, harmonious nature.
It is in the fact that readers for two centuries see themselves, their acquaintances in the characters, it is in the inescapable relevance of the novel that its realistic orientation is expressed.
Criticism
The novel "Eugene Onegin" evoked a great response from readers and critics. According to E.A. Baratynsky: "Everyone talks about them in his own way: some praise, others scold and everyone reads." Contemporaries scolded Pushkin for the "labyrinth of digressions", for the insufficiently written character of the protagonist, for the negligence of the language. The reviewer Thaddeus Bulgarin, who supported the government and conservative literature, especially distinguished himself.
However, the novel was best understood by V.G. Belinsky, who called it "an encyclopedia of Russian life", a historical work, despite the absence of historical characters. Indeed, the modern belles-lettres lover can study "Eugene Onegin" from this point of view as well, in order to learn more about noble society beginning of the 19th century.
And a century later, the comprehension of the novel in verse continued. Yu.M.Lotman saw complexity, paradoxicality in the work. This is not just a collection of quotes familiar from childhood, it is an “organic world”. All this proves the relevance of the work and its significance for Russian national culture.
What does it teach?
Pushkin showed the life of young people, how their fate can be. Of course, fate depends not only on the environment, but also on the characters themselves, but the influence of society is undeniable. The poet showed the main enemy that strikes the young nobles: idleness, the aimlessness of existence. The conclusion of Alexander Sergeevich is simple: the creator calls not to limit himself to secular conventions, stupid rules, but to live full life guided by moral and spiritual components.
These ideas remain relevant to this day. modern people often there is a choice: live in harmony with yourself or break yourself for the sake of some benefits or public recognition. Choosing the second path, chasing illusory dreams, you can lose yourself and find with horror that life is over, and nothing has been done. This is what you need to fear the most.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
The novel "Eugene Onegin"
Genre
Novel
in verse | in prose |
In the center - a story about events and heroes |
|
Genre " free novel”, where lyrical and epic are equal, allows the author to easily move from the main narrative to lyrical digressions. The work, as it were, is being written before the eyes of the reader, changing in dialogue with life |
Onegin stanza
in a special way an organized stanza of 14 lines. Usually it is a fragment of text, complete in meaning and form, written in iambic 4-foot. The Onegin stanza allows you to convey narrative, colloquial, lyrical intonations, dialogues heroes, creates the effect of improvisation. |
||
1. "My uncle has the most honest rules, 2. When I fell seriously ill, 3. He forced himself to respect 4. And I couldn't think of a better one. | cross rhyme |
|
5. His example to others is science; 6. But, my God, what a bore 7. Sit with the patient day and night, 8. Without leaving a single step away! | ||
9. What low deceit 10. Amuse the half-dead, 11. Correct his pillows, 12. It is sad to offer medicine, | ring |
|
13. Sigh and think to yourself: 14. When will the devil take you! | couplet (couplet) |
|
Capital letters (A, C, E) denote feminine rhymes, lowercase (b, d, f, g) - masculine. |
||
The entire novel is written in the Onegin stanza, except: Tatyana's letters; Onegin's letters; Girls songs |
Composition
Eight chapters are organized according to the principle of symmetry (mirroring) and parallelism. Symmetry is expressed in: a special pairwise antithetic (according to the principle of antithesis) arrangement of heroes: Onegin - Lensky Tatiana - Olga repetition of the plot situation of the main characters (Tatyana and Onegin practically change roles): meeting - letter - explanation: |
|
Tatyana | Onegin |
Meeting, the birth of love |
|
In the village. Tatyana is in love, Onegin is cold | In Moscow. Onegin is in love, Tatyana is cold |
|
(the composition of the letters is parallel) |
|
"Now, I know in your will Punish me with contempt." "When I had hope Rarely, at least once a week To see you in our village Just to hear your words You say a word, and then All think, think of one And day and night until a new meeting. “But so be it! my fate From now on, I give you I shed tears in front of you I beg your protection... | "What bitter contempt Your proud look will portray! "No, every minute to see you, Follow you everywhere The smile of the mouth, the movement of the eyes Catch with loving eyes Listen to you for a long time, understand Soul all your perfection, Freeze before you in agony, To turn pale and fade away ... that's bliss! "But so be it: I'm on my own Can't resist anymore; Everything is decided: I'm in your will And surrender to my fate" |
The reply is in process |
|
But the day has passed and there is no answer The other one has come: everything is not like no " | "No answer. He sends again: Second, third letter No answer" |
Explanation |
|
In the garden. Onegin's reaction: “Shining eyes, Eugene It stands like a formidable shadow ... " Eugene's response: “And I would be happy ... as much as I could! But I'm not made for bliss..." "I love you with the love of a brother And maybe even more tender.” | In the living room. Tatyana's reaction: “She is on her way. How harsh! They don’t see him, not a word with him ... " Tatiana's response: And happiness was so possible So close!.. But my fate It's already decided." "I love you(why lie?), But I am given to another; I will be faithful to him forever" |
a clear parallel between Tatyana's dream and what is happening at the name day. Similar atmospheres of what is happening, descriptions of guests and monsters |
main characters
Eugene Onegin
Upbringing and education | Onegin received an upbringing typical of that time: “Serving excellently, nobly, His father lived in debt, "Monsieur l'Abbe, poor Frenchman, So that the child is not exhausted, Taught him everything jokingly I didn’t bother with strict morality, ” "What took all day His melancholy laziness, - There was a science of tender passion. The protagonist lives according to the customs and laws of a secular society. Being an outstanding nature (communication with Kavelin and Chaadaev, a portrait of Byron and a bust of Napoleon in his office), he languishes from emptiness secular life, not making use of your powers |
"I liked his features, Dreams involuntary devotion Inimitable strangeness And a sharp, chilled mind." |
|
Character traits | Onegin's character is contradictory, as his time is contradictory. Boredom, spleen (“spleen”), disappointment in life, skepticism are the main features of the “extra person” |
Village life | Light patterns on glass Trees in winter silver Forty merry in the yard And softly padded mountains Winters are a brilliant carpet. Everything is bright, everything is white around. Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant, On firewood, updates the path; His horse, smelling snow, Trotting somehow; Reins fluffy exploding, A remote wagon flies; The coachman sits on the irradiation In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash. Here is a yard boy running, Planting a bug in a sled, Transforming himself into a horse; The scoundrel already froze his finger: It hurts and it's funny And his mother threatens him through the window... But maybe this kind Pictures will not attract you: All this is low nature; Not much beauty here. Warmed by God's inspiration, Another poet with a luxurious style He painted us the first snow And all shades of winter bliss; (27) He will captivate you, I'm sure Drawing in fiery verses Secret walks in a sleigh; But I don't want to fight Not with him for the time being, not with you, Young Finnish singer! (28) Tatyana (Russian soul, I don't know why.) With her cold beauty I loved Russian winter In the sun it's blue on a frosty day, And the sleigh, and the late dawn Shine of pink snows, And the darkness of Epiphany evenings. Celebrated in the old days In their house these evenings: Servants from all over the court They wondered about their young ladies And they were promised every year Husbands of the military and campaign. "Eugene Onegin" AT 2. name literary direction, which flourished in the second half of the 19th century and whose principles are reflected in "Eugene Onegin". AT 3. The text of "Eugene Onegin" is divided into 14-line numbered stanzas that have a similar rhythmic structure. What is the title of this stanza? AT 4. The first stanza describes winter nature. What is the name of such a description in a work of art? AT 6. Indicate the surname of the heroine, which is mentioned in the above fragment. AT 7. What size is Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" written in? C2. In what works of Russian writers are pictures of Russian nature displayed? What brings these works closer to the corresponding pages of "Eugene Onegin"? IN 1. Novel in verse AT 2. Realism AT 3. Oneginskaya AT 4. Landscape AT 5. epithets AT 6. Larina But Lensky, not having, of course, XIV XV XVI (, "Eugene Onegin".) B1. What is the name of the heroine, because of which the friendship between Onegin and Lensky was so tragic. VZ. The presented fragment is divided into parts, headed by Roman numerals. What is the name of such a combination of several verses combined common thought? B4. The episode presented for analysis is based on the story of friendship between Onegin and Lensky. What is the name of a series of interconnected and sequentially developing life events that make up the content of an epic work? B5. What term denotes a sharp opposition between the subject and phenomena in a work of art: B6. Indicate the name of the stylistic figure, turns of poetic speech used by the author to emphasize the youth of Lensky: B7. What size is written "Eugene Onegin"? C1. Can the relationship between Onegin and Lensky be called true friendship? (Justify your answer.) C2. In what works of Russian literature does the theme of friendship sound and how can these works be compared with Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"? B2 verse novel B5 antithesis "Now come down." in cold blood Not a target yet, two enemies Gait firm, quiet, even Four steps passed Four death steps. Your gun then Eugene, Never stop advancing Became the first to quietly raise. Here are five more steps And Lensky, screwing up his left eye, Onegin fired... They struck Fixed hours: poet Silently drops the gun He puts his hand gently on his chest And falls. misty gaze Depicts death, not flour. So slowly down the mountain slope Shining sparks in the sun, A block of snow falls. Immersed in instant cold Onegin hurries to the young man, He no longer exists. Young singer Found an untimely end! The storm has died, the color is beautiful Withered at the dawn, Pleasantly cheeky epigram Enrage a blundered enemy; It's nice to see how he is, stubbornly Bowing his boisterous horns, Involuntarily looking in the mirror And he is ashamed to recognize himself; It's nicer if he, friends, Howl foolishly: it's me! Even more pleasant in silence Him to prepare an honest coffin And quietly aim at the pale forehead At a noble distance; But send him to his fathers You will hardly be pleased. ("Eugene Onegin") IN 1. What genre definition did the author of "Eugene Onegin" give to his work? AT 2. What is the name of the character in the work who owns the first line in stanza XXX? AT 3. In which episode of the work was Lensky's death predicted? AT 4. According to the style of lyrical genre given a description of Lensky's death (ending stanza XXXI)? AT 5. What element of the composition is stanza XXXIII? AT 6. Emphasizing the psychological tension that accompanies the rapprochement of opponents, the “four steps” separating them also defines it as “four mortal steps”. Specify means artistic expressiveness, which uses in the selected turnover. C1. Why does winning a duel lead Onegin to despair? IN 1. Novel in verse AT 2. Zaretsky AT 3. Tatyana's dream AT 4. Elegy AT 5. Lyrical digression AT 6. Metaphor OPTIONS OF TASKS C1 A) Why in the image of the duel is so great place A. SPushkin takes lyrical reflections about friendship and enmity? B) In the above fragment, in relation to recent friends, he uses the phrase “two enemies”. Why was it impossible to reconcile Onegin and Lensky? OPTIONS OF TASKS С2 A) In what works of Russian literature does the duel theme receive parodic and ironic coverage? Point out what brings them closer to Pushkin's depiction of the duel and what are the differences. B) In what works of Russian literature does the duel occur in violation of the rules of the dueling code? What are the similarities and differences in the depiction of such fights with Pushkin's interpretation of the topic? Here are the guns flashing. A hammer rattles on a ramrod. Bullets go into the faceted barrel, And the trigger clicked for the first time. Here is gunpowder in a grayish stream Falls on the shelf. jagged, Securely screwed flint More brought up. For the near stump Guillo becomes embarrassed, Cloaks are thrown by two enemies. Zaretsky thirty-two steps Measured with excellent accuracy, Friends spread on the last trace, And everyone took their gun "Now come down." in cold blood Not a target yet, two enemies Gait firm, quiet, even Four steps passed Four death steps. Your gun then Eugene, Never stop advancing Became the first to quietly raise. Here are five more steps And Lensky, screwing up his left eye, He also began to aim - but just Onegin fired... They struck Fixed hours: poet Silently drops the gun He puts his hand gently on his chest And falls. misty gaze Depicts death, not flour. So slowly down the mountain slope Shining sparks in the sun, A block of snow falls. Immersed in instant cold Onegin hurries to the young man, He looks, calls him ... in vain: He no longer exists. Young singer Found an untimely end! The storm has died, the color is beautiful Withered at the dawn, Extinguished the fire on the altar!.. IN 1. What is the name of the one shown in this fragment plot element based on moment highest voltage action, the ultimate aggravation of contradictions? AT 2. What is the name of the heroine, because of which the duel between Lensky and Onegin took place. AT 3. What is the literary direction, the features of which are embodied in "Eugene Onegin". AT 5. The presented fragment is divided into parts, headed by Roman numerals - XXIX, XXX, XXXI. What is the name of such a combination of several verses, united by a common thought and representing a rhythmic and syntactic whole? AT 6. Indicate what term denotes a stylistic device that consists in the same beginning of each line (" Four have crossed a step,// Four mortal steps, « Became raise the first quietly...// Became also to aim - but just…”). AT 7. What is the name of a stylistic device based on the repetition of consonant sounds (“G R emit about shompo l mo l outflow.//In g R anony stvo l leave pu l and…")? C1. What role did this duel play in the fate of Onegin? C2. In what works of Russian classics are there scenes of duels and how do these episodes correlate with the content of the presented fragment from "Eugene Onegin"? IN 1. climax AT 3. Realism AT 4. Novel in verse AT 5. Stanza AT 6. Anaphora AT 7. Alliteration The village where Eugene missed, There was a lovely corner; There's a friend of innocent pleasures I could bless the sky. The master's house is secluded, Protected from the winds by a mountain, Stood over the river. away Before him were full of flowers and blossomed Meadows and fields of gold, Villages flashed; here and there The herds roamed the meadows, And the canopy expanded thick Huge, neglected garden, Haven of pensive dryads. The venerable castle was built, How castles should be built: Superbly durable and calm In the taste of smart antiquity. Everywhere high chambers, In the living room damask wallpaper, Kings portraits on the walls, And stoves in colorful tiles. All this is now dilapidated, I don't really know why; Yes, but my friend There was very little need Then that he yawned equally Among fashionable and ancient halls. He settled in that peace, Where is the village old-timer For forty years I quarreled with the housekeeper, He looked out the window and crushed flies. Everything was simple: the floor is oak, Two wardrobes, a table, a downy sofa, Not a speck of ink anywhere. Onegin opened the cupboards; In one I found an expense notebook, In another liquor a whole system, Jugs of apple water And the eighth year calendar: An old man with a lot to do Haven't looked at other books. Alone among his possessions, Just to pass the time First conceived our Eugene Establish a new order. In his wilderness, the desert sage, Yarem he is an old corvée I replaced the quitrent with a light one; And the slave blessed fate. But in his corner pouted, Seeing in this terrible harm, His prudent neighbor; That he is the most dangerous eccentric. At first everyone went to him; But since from the back porch usually served Him don stallion, Only along the main road They will hear them at home, - Offended by such an act, All friendship ended with him. "Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy; He is a pharmacist; he drinks one A glass of red wine; He does not fit the ladies' hands; All yes yes no; won't say yes Or no, sir.” Such was the general voice. To your village at the same time The new landowner galloped And equally rigorous analysis In the neighborhood gave a reason: By the name of Vladimir Lenskoy, With a soul straight from Goettingen, Handsome, in full bloom of years, Kant's admirer and poet. He is from foggy Germany Bring the fruits of learning: freedom dreams, The spirit is ardent and rather strange, Always an enthusiastic speech And shoulder-length black curls. ("Eugene Onegin") IN 1. Specify the genre of the work. AT 2. What stage in the development of the action does this fragment represent? AT 3. Where did the hero come to the village from? AT 4. What is the name of the hidden mockery that Pushkin resorts to in literary criticism: “... a village old-timer / For forty years he scolded the housekeeper, / He looked out the window and crushed flies ...”? AT 5. What is the name of the significant detail used in the description of the interior of Uncle Onegin's house: "Not a speck of ink anywhere"? AT 6. Enter a title visual medium, used by Pushkin when creating the image of Lensky in the VI stanza: He is from foggy Germany Bring the fruits of learning: freedom dreams, Spirit ardent and pretty strange, Is always enthusiastic speech And shoulder-length black curls. AT 7. Onegin "Missed", "yawned" - Lensky has "ardent spirit", "always enthusiastic speech". What is the name of this visual and compositional technique? C2. Why Pushkin is interested in the fate of a young nobleman and in what other works Pushkin's hero - fashion nobleman? But that's close. In front of them Already white-stone Moscow Like heat, with golden crosses Old chapters are burning. Ah, brothers! how pleased I was When churches and bell towers Gardens, halls semicircle Opened before me suddenly! How often in sorrowful separation, In my wandering destiny Moscow, I thought about you! Moscow... how much in this sound Merged for the Russian heart! How much resonated in it! Here, surrounded by its oak forest, Petrovsky castle. He is gloomy Proud of recent glory. Napoleon waited in vain Intoxicated with last happiness, Moscow kneeling With the keys of the old Kremlin: No, my Moscow did not go To him with a guilty head. Not a holiday, not an accepting gift, She was preparing a fire An impatient hero. From here, immersed in thought, He looked at the terrible flame. Farewell, witness of fallen glory, Petrovsky castle. Well! don't stand Let's go! Already the pillars of the outpost They turn white: that's really on Tverskaya The wagon rushes through the potholes. Flickering past the booth, women, Boys, benches, lanterns, Palaces, gardens, monasteries, Bukharians, sleighs, vegetable gardens, Merchants, shacks, men, Boulevards, towers, Cossacks, Pharmacies, fashion stores, Balconies, lions on the gates And flocks of jackdaws on crosses. On this weary journey An hour or two passes, and then At Kharitonya in the alley Carriage in front of the house at the gate Has stopped. ("Eugene Onegin") IN 1. What is the literary direction, which is based on an objective reflection of reality and the principles of which are embodied in "Eugene Onegin". AT 2. Indicate the genre to which Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" belongs. AT 3. Name the method of figurative correlation of objects and phenomena used by the author in the terms: “Like heat, with golden crosses // Old chapters are burning.” AT 4. What is the name of the digression from the main plot, in which the author reveals his thoughts and feelings? AT 5. In the initial stanza of the proposed fragment, there are many emotional exclamations and appeals that do not require a response. What are their names? AT 6. What is the name of the figurative definition that serves as a means of artistic representation (“old chapters”; “terrible flames”)? AT 7. What is the name of the stanza used by the author in this work? C2. In what works domestic classics created the image of Moscow and how are these works close to the proposed fragment of "Eugene Onegin"? IN 1. Realism AT 2. Novel in verse AT 3. Comparison AT 4. lyrical AT 5. Rhetorical AT 6. Epithet AT 7. Onegin stanza |
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a genre that has no analogues in world literature - a novel in verse. Genre definition Pushkin gave his work in a letter to Vyazemsky in 1823: “As for my studies, I am now writing not a novel, but a novel in verse - a diabolical difference! Like Don Juan. The novel in verse is rare literary form, which combines a novel plot, which is a feature epic kind literature, and its presentation in poetic speech. Such a genre-style organization literary work close to a great poem, it is no coincidence that Pushkin compares his manuscript with Byron's poem "Don Juan" (1818-1823). The idea of "Eugene Onegin" was also influenced by another poem by Byron - "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (1812-1818). In the poems of Byron Pushkin, the types of heroes were attracted, as well as the problems and large form. However, unlike the works of Byron and other European poems, "Eugene Onegin" is a novel.
A poem is a work of narrative plot, set forth against the background of lyrical experiences, which are presented in the text in the form of lengthy digressions, songs and other insert elements. A poem usually takes the form of a poem. The genre of the poem has changed over the course of the development of literature: there are epic ancient poems, medieval poems, poems of the Renaissance. The genre of the poem flourished in early XIX century in the era of romanticism. The socio-philosophical and moral-philosophical problems prevailed in the poems of that period. In "Eugene Onegin" there are obvious features of the poem, so the poet's contemporaries often called the work a poem. Firstly, the work is replete with author's digressions, which in some cases are of a lyrical nature. Secondly, fragments of other genres are included in the novel, such as epistolary, elegiac and folklore. The text of the novel contains two letters, in the third chapter Tatyana Larina writes a letter to Onegin, revealing her feelings to him. In chapter eight, the plot situation is repeated, but now Onegin, tormented by love, confesses it to Tatyana, a stately secular lady, a princess, but for Onegin - the former county young lady who once fell in love with him. Before the duel between Onegin and Lensky, Pushkin places in the text of the novel Lensky's elegy, which conveys the feelings of the young poet on the last night of his life and which is designed to express the highest degree dreamy romanticism, by that time already descending from the literary scene. And finally, in chapter three, the description of the confused feelings of young Tatyana, who is running away from a meeting with Onegin, is interrupted by the fervent song of peasant girls picking berries in the garden.
However, these genre digressions are closely connected with the plot, they constitute, like the rest of the elements of the plot, an integral part of it and cannot be considered as inserted works, as is the case in the poem. As for the author's digressions, they are also not divorced from the plot, there is not a single text episode in which the author writes about something completely abstract, not related to the main narrative, be it a characterization of the hero, time, literature, history, or even the state of the roads. The plot and digressions form a single narrative space in which the picture of Russia of that time is depicted.
The question inevitably arises: why did Pushkin prefer the poetic form of the novel? It is not enough to explain that Pushkin was primarily a poet. Pushkin collected small and medium forms of Russian poetry and combined them for a broad depiction of Russian reality. But literary language prose was still in its infancy, and its further development Pushkin, Gogol and Lermontov contributed in the 1830s.
The originality of the plot and composition of the novel "Eugene Onegin"
The plot basis of the work is the image Russian life and nature. The image of the life of Russian society is focused on the life of the nobility, customs and culture of St. Petersburg, Moscow and the provinces. The description of Petersburg life occupies chapters one and eight; Moscow is shown in the second part of chapter seven; the main part of the novel is devoted to the Russian village. It is in chapters two - seven that the reader is immersed in local, landowner life, observes episodes peasant labor and life, feels surrounded by the beauty of Russian nature - in the novel, each event is accompanied by its descriptions. In the notes to his work, Pushkin wrote that in the novel “time is calculated according to the calendar”, indicating with this remark the fusion of literary time (that is, time within the work) and real, historical time in it. This is the leading principle of constructing the plot of the novel: everything that happens in it is not only connected with each other, but also happens as in reality itself.
There are two main storylines in the novel: the Onegin-Lensky relationship line (the theme of friendship) and the Onegin-Tatyana relationship line (the theme of love). Additional to the love line are the relationship between Lensky and Olga, but they should not be considered an independent storyline, since they serve to portray the theme of love in the novel in a deeper way. Both main storylines are unevenly distributed in the novel. The plot of the line "Onegin - Lensky" occurs in chapter two, and it is immediately shown as a conflict:
They agreed. Wave and stone
Poetry and prose, ice and fire
Not so different from each other.
The conflict is planned after the visit of friends to the Larins. The climax of the conflict falls at the end of chapter five, when the heroes quarrel. The duel of Onegin and Lensky and the death of the latter mean the end of the conflict.
The plot of the main conflict between Onegin and Tatyana is described in the scene of the acquaintance of the characters at the beginning of chapter three. The meeting itself is not shown in the text, but the impressions of the characters after it are depicted: Onegin's immediate reaction is given during Onegin and Lensky's trip home, and in the following stanzas, Tatyana's experiences and the flowering of her feelings are shown. There are two identical love situations in the novel, both of which consist of four components: a meeting, falling in love, a letter, and a verbal response-reply; the characters in them change places: in chapters three and four Tatyana's love is depicted, in chapter eight - Onegin. It is obvious that Pushkin was finishing Onegin's letter to Tatyana in 1831 in order to make these situations identical and create a "mirror" effect between them: they are reflected in each other, as in a mirror, plunging the reader into the endless contemplation of the mystery of love. The composition of the love line of Onegin and Tatyana was called a mirror. Two features of this line can be noted: on the one hand, it develops from the meeting to the parting of the heroes, like a mirror standing between them, these events are also shared by chapter five, which describes Tatyana's dream and the scene of her name day. On the other hand, Tatyana's love, described at the beginning, seems to be "reflected" in Onegin's love at the end.
The first two chapters of the novel are expositional for the love storyline, they are written according to the principle of stylistic antithesis: the first chapter shows the birth of Onegin, his upbringing and education, the time spent in secular society, - the formation of the character of the hero. Chapter two is devoted to the description of the rural province, Pushkin pays much attention to the characterization of Lensky, who came from Germany after studying at the University of Göttingen, but the central place in the chapter is given to the readers' acquaintance with Tatyana.
In addition to the composition of the plot, the following compositional elements of the novel are noted: the chapter, which is the main compositional unit of the work, the stanza is the minimum narrative unit (in this case, unfinished and omitted stanzas, which are nevertheless marked with numbers, must be taken into account); dedication; epigraphs to the novel and to each chapter, alternation of plot narration and author's digressions. Each of these elements is not a random feature of the composition, any of them performs an ideological and semantic role. For example, the epigraph to the entire novel is an excerpt from a private letter written in French. The source of this epigraph has not been established, as if the author is mystifying the reader: why is this epigraph needed? Looking closely at its content, we understand that it is about oddities. modern hero. This is how the theme of the novel is outlined:
“Imbued with vanity, he also possessed that special pride that prompts him to confess with the same indifference both his good and bad deeds - a consequence of a feeling of superiority, perhaps imaginary. From a private letter (French)."
The Onegin stanza, in addition to other advantages, helps, for example, to achieve expressiveness of the narration or smoothly make the transition from the plot part to digressions and vice versa.
Source (abbreviated): Moskvin G.V. Literature: Grade 9: in 2 hours. Part 2 / G.V. Moskvin, N.N. Puryaeva, E.L. Erokhin. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2016
Pushkin's original intention with Eugene Onegin was to create a comedy similar to Griboedov's Woe from Wit. In the poet's letters, one can find sketches for a comedy in which the protagonist was portrayed as a satirical character. In the course of work on the novel, which lasted more than seven years, the author's intentions changed significantly, as did his worldview as a whole.
By genre nature The novel is very complex and original. This is a "novel in verse". Works of this genre are also found in other authors, for example, Byron's novel in verse "Childe Harold". The first half of the 19th century was the era of romanticism, and Byron was a favorite poet for many Russian word artists. It is no coincidence that the image of Childe Harold is repeatedly mentioned in Pushkin's novel, Eugene Onegin is compared with him. By definition, a verse novel is a major lyric-epic narrative. In Pushkin's novel, a lot of space is given to the author's digressions, reflections, feelings. This makes the work lyrical. At the same time, the events in the country and society are widely depicted in the novel, the image is multifaceted, life path Onegin. Such features are inherent in the prose, epic novel. Pushkin himself wrote that a prose novel and a novel in verse are "a diabolical difference", and defined the genre of "Eugene Onegin" as a "free novel".
Compositionally, "Eugene Onegin" is built as a "novel within a novel." This served the purposes of the author. His novel is lyrical-epic. Epic is the inner plane of the story. It includes a main fictional plot. In it, Pushkin reproduces the fate of Onegin as a representative younger generation Russian nobility, "an extra person" in a conservative society, where it is impossible to use one's strength. How epic the image of Tatiana Larina was created. It was the first strong and deep female Russian character. After him, a tradition of depicting female types in Russian literature developed. To epic genre also applies to the image of the two capitals of Russia - St. Petersburg and Moscow, the Russian village with its local way of life. The fates of the heroes are shown against a broad background of the history and culture of the country.
Lyrical is the "external" plan of the narrative, which consists of author's digressions. They are very broad in scope of topics and problems. Lyrical are landscape digressions. The beauty and grandeur of nature are given through the perception of the author and his characters. In the first chapter, Pushkin depicts the sea in a romantic way. There are many landscapes in the novel and memories, for example, about youth, rural scenery. The author pays attention to all seasons, describing the state of nature in each of them. wonderful picture Russian winter is shown through the eyes of Tatyana.
Critical and journalistic digressions are a conversation between the author and the reader about literary styles, techniques, genres. Pushkin writes about the intention to objectively depict reality, talks about the books that Tatyana reads, about why love letter she writes in French.
There are many digressions in the novel, in which we are talking about family, marriage, love, fashion, friendship, education. In each of them, Pushkin appears in some new guise, expresses his point of view. material from the site
In his remarkable work, Pushkin used the features of all the genre varieties of the novel known at that time in literature: the novel-education, the novel-biography, the novel-journey, love story, adventure novel, historical novel. In "Eugene Onegin" there is a description of the hero's life, his childhood and early youth. The hero travels around the country, then abroad and back, vividly shown love story, duel, historical paintings life of Russia. Pushkin sharply poses the problem of upbringing and education of noble youth. The author focuses on the process of growing up a person, the development of his personality.
At complex composition and the variety of genre components, Pushkin managed to create a complete, integral and unique work for Russian literature.
Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search
On this page, material on the topics:
- pictures and compositions of natural materials
- what genre of the novel is eugene onegin
- what genre is eugene onegin
- genre and composition of the novel Eugene Onegin
- reflections on love in the novel eugene onegin pictures
