Meaning of Armenian Names
Issues related to the origin and transformation of names and surnames are studied by a science called onomastics. At the birth of a child, parents call him one name or another to distinguish him from other people.
Names arose at an early stage of mankind and mainly came from common nouns. Previously, in ancient times, people were called meaningful names that corresponded to their external quality, or those that expressed the desire to see a person endowed with certain qualities in the future.
For example, Armenian name Rachia means " fiery eyes», Zarmair - « noble man", Zorair -" a man endowed with strength. A lot of male Armenian names will develop like this: before the word "air" - ("man" - Armenian), a characterizing adjective is added. Also, female names, before the word - duht ("daughter" - Armenian), the name of the father is added and a new name is obtained. For example, Vormizdukht, Aikandukht, etc.
For many nations, names arose from the names of various totems - deified animals, plants, natural phenomena. Of the Armenian names, some also come from the names of animals, birds, plants ( Garnik, Aytsemnik, Ahavni, Artsvik, Shushan, Nargiz, Yeznik, Manushak, Hasmik, Tsakhik etc.), but are not associated with their deification, as, for example, is customary among the natives of the Samoan Islands in pacific ocean. At the birth of a child, they pronounce the names of different totems, and the name pronounced at the very moment of birth becomes the name of the child. Armenian names of this nature are mainly an expression of strength, beauty, tenderness, etc.
On ancient East there were personal names made up of the names of the gods, like those of the Armenians, for example, Artamazd, Anahit, etc. When Christianity began to spread, the names mentioned in the Old and New Testaments came into use. However, peoples with a developed culture have retained their ancient names. Christian names have spread among almost all European peoples. But each of these peoples transformed in their own way. For example, the name "Johannes" for Italians became Giovanni, for the French - Jean, for the Poles - Jan, for the British - John, for the Russians - Ivan, for the Spaniards - Juan, and for the Armenians - Hovhannes, retaining the sound closest to the original. The names Karen, Abel, Eve, Lazar and others also entered our everyday life.
To distinguish between female and male Armenian names, you can use the rule according to which a suffix or ending is added to the word that determines the gender, “ui” - female gender (for example: Srbui), “air” - m. : Norayr). But not all names can be classified according to this type.
There are names originating from Armenian toponyms (Hayastan, Ararat, Ani, Vanik, Vanui, Nairi, Nairui, Naira, Sisak, Araksi, Masis, Taron, Mushegh, etc.). A number of Armenian names reflect religious content, and are translations of alien Christian names:
Harutyun - resurrection,
Khachatur - sent down St. cross,
Arakel - apostle,
Astvatsatur - sent down by God, etc.
All listed names are translated from Greek.
There are also newly formed names of religious content:
Ambartsum - ascension,
Galust is a phenomenon
Srbui - saint,
Avetis - blessing,
Mkrtich - baptist, etc.
Many names reflect the external and internal dignity of a person:
Zhirayr - lively,
Patwakan - venerable
Amest - modest,
Nazan - gentle, graceful,
Gekhetskui is a beauty,
Makrui - clean, etc.
Some names, although alien in origin, nevertheless, having changed, became Armenian (Yegishe, Vagram, Ruzan, Seda, etc.). And there are names that, despite the fact that they are also used by other nations, are nevertheless recognized as Armenian (Ruben, Samvel, Levon, David, etc.).
Special attention was paid to the study of Armenian names by Rachia Acharyan, who compiled a unique five-volume Dictionary of Armenian Personal Names. The Armenians are very lucky, because few nations have the opportunity to fully and fundamentally find the origin of their names. And if you carefully listen to the exceptionally harmonious and meaningful Armenian personal names, then without special efforts you can understand their meaning:
Arevik - Sunshine,
Astghik - an asterisk,
Azat - free,
Arpi - dawn,
Razmik is a warrior,
Draht - paradise,
Martik - warrior,
Zepyur - breeze, etc.
Origin Armenian surnames
Surname ("azganun" - Armenian) - on Armenian means the name of the genus. But initially there were no generic names, because people lived in small groups, isolated, and everyone knew each other well. Well, if it happened that several Arams or several Anahits lived in one settlement, then they were determined in different ways: for example, Aram, the grandson of Garnik, or Aram, the grandson of Hayk. Or they always found some characteristic feature, for example, the lame Hmayak or Anahit, who has ten children.
FEMALE NAMES
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Features of the use of names
The Armenian anthroponymic model is binomial, that is, it consists of a given name and a surname. Patronymic for Armenians is not typical. Only in documents the name of the father is recorded in the form of the genitive case, for example.
Often the name is preceded by the name of the position, profession, or the word varpet, mouth "master", for example: varpet Smbat "master Smbat", mouth Karapet "master Karapet". Sometimes a person is addressed only by the title of the position, profession or title, without using a personal name. Everyone called the famous Armenian poet Avetik Isahakyan Varpet, without a name. As a sign of respect, older people are sometimes also called tipair "master", tikin "lady", but more often Nayrik "father", mayrik "mother". Peers are called akhper "brother", kuyrik "sister".
Among the rural population, it is still common to address relatives not by name, but according to the family-related terminology that has been established since ancient times. For example, a paternal uncle is called korekhbayr (“father’s brother”), on the maternal side - kerry, their wives - respectively Norekhbor knik and kerru knik, daughter-in-law - pare (“daughter-in-law”), or “daughter of such and such”, for example Dalaki akhnik (“daughter of Dalak”), the elder deveryayehbair, akhper (“brother”), the planted father - kavor, his wife - kavori knik. And at present, in the villages, any older man from the clan in which someone was kavor is called kavor, and all older women, respectively, kavori knik; all older men from the mother's clan are called kerrs, and women - kerru knik.
Structure of Armenian names
Armenian cultural tradition counts millennia; The history of Armenian names also goes back to ancient times. There are several layers in Armenian anthroponymy:
National names, which include the names of the ancient Armenian gods (for example, Taik is the name of the supreme deity of the progenitor of the Armenians, Ara is the name of the god of the sun, the spring awakening of nature, Anahit is the name of the goddess of fertility and love, Vahagn is the name of the god of thunder and lightning), kings (Tigran, Artavazd, Artashes, Parandzem, Ashot), commanders (Vardan, Mushegh, Gevorg).
National names created on the basis of the Armenian language, that is, names that are common nouns, for example, the names of planets, stars (Arev "sun", Lusin "moon", Astghik "star"), flowers (Manushak "violet" , Vard "rose", Shushan "lily", Hasmik "jasmine"), precious stones, beautiful fabrics (Gohar "diamond", Margaret "pearl", Almast "diamond", Metaxia "silk"), holidays (Navasard " New Year”, Vartivor - a pagan holiday of water, Harutyun “resurrection”, Ambartsum “ascension”); in the function of names, words denoting beauty, happiness, clarity, consolation have long been used. (Gegetsik, Yerdzhanik, Paytsar, Mkhitar);
Names borrowed from other languages, for example: Abraham, Soghomon (Solomon), Movses (Moses), David - from Hebrew; Suren, Gurgen, Khosrov - from Persian; after the establishment in Armenia Soviet power came into use and such names borrowed from the Russian language as Vladimir, Yuri, Sergey, which underwent certain changes in the process of adaptation, that is, they are used in distorted form- Valod, Yurik, Serozh. Unfortunately, in passports and in other official documents, patronymics formed from these names are recorded - respectively Valodievich (-vna), Yurikovich (-vna), Serezhievich (-vna); in the 30-50s, Western European names (Heinrich, Edward, Robert, Hamlet, Juliet, Flora), as well as names given in honor of great people (Thalmann, Karl, Engels, Roosevelt, Frunzeg Kamo) became widespread.
Women's and male names
In the Armenian language, there are names that can be worn by both men and women, for example: Arshaluys (“dawn”), Hayastan (“Armenia”), Yerjanik (“happiness”), Nubar (“first-born”), Granin.
Some names are both masculine and female form, for example: Armen (male) - Armenui (female), Vard - Vardui, Anushavan - Anush, Arman - Armanui.
Application of names according to age
When addressing children, the Wolof call them simply by their first name, without additional treatment. Children living in the same homestead are addressed halelya "children". Younger relatives address people of the older generation using the words ndey "mother", bai "father", mam "grandfather", "grandmother" in combination with personal possessive pronouns i.e. "my father", "my mother". When they are mentioned (that is, in the absence of elders), individual names are added to these terms, for example, bai Matar "father of Matar", ndei Kumba "mother of Kumba", regardless of whether these people are related to the speaker or not.
A lot of male Armenian names will turn out like this: before the word "air" - ("man" - Armenian) a characterizing adjective is added. Also, female names, before the word - duht ("daughter" - Armenian), the name of the father is added and a new name is obtained. For example, Vormizdukht, Aikandukht.
Some of the Armenian names come from the names of animals, birds, plants (Garnik, Aytsemnik, Ahavni, Artsvik, Shushan, Nargiz, Yeznik, Manushak, Hasmik, Tsakhik), but are not associated with their deification.
In the ancient East, there were personal names made up of the names of the gods, like the Armenians, for example, Artamazd, Anahit. When Christianity began to spread, the names mentioned in the Old and New Testaments came into use. However, peoples with a developed culture have retained their ancient names. Christian names have spread among almost all European peoples. But each of these peoples transformed in their own way. For example, the name "Johannes" for Italians became Giovanni, for the French - Jean, for the Poles - Jan, for the British - John, for the Russians - Ivan, for the Spaniards - Juan, and for the Armenians - Hovhannes, retaining the sound closest to the original. The names Karen, Abel, Eve, Lazar and others also entered our everyday life.
To distinguish between female and male Armenian names, you can use the rule according to which a suffix or ending is added to the word that determines the gender, “ui” - female gender (for example: Srbui), “air” - m. : Norayr). But not all names can be classified according to this type.
There are names originating from Armenian toponyms (Hayastan, Ararat, Ani, Vanik, Vanui, Nairi, Nairui, Naira, Sisak, Araksi, Masis, Taron, Mushegh, etc.).
A number of Armenian names reflect religious content, and are translations of alien Christian names:
Harutyun - resurrection,
Khachatur - sent down St. cross,
Arakel - apostle,
Astvatsatur - sent down by God, etc.
All listed names are translated from Greek.
There are also newly formed names of religious content:
Ambartsum - ascension,
Galust is a phenomenon
Srbui - saint,
Avetis - blessing,
Mkrtich - baptist, etc.
Many names reflect the external and internal dignity of a person:
Zhirayr - lively,
Patwakan - venerable
Amest - modest,
Nazan - gentle, graceful,
Gekhetskui is a beauty,
Makrui - clean, etc.
Some names, although alien in origin, nevertheless, having changed, became Armenian (Yegishe, Vagram, Ruzan, Seda, etc.). And there are names that, despite the fact that they are also used by other nations, are nevertheless recognized as Armenian (Ruben, Samvel, Levon, David, etc.).
Special attention was paid to the study of Armenian names by Rachia Acharyan, who compiled a unique five-volume Dictionary of Armenian Personal Names. The Armenians are very lucky, because few nations have the opportunity to fully and fundamentally find the origin of their names. And if you carefully listen to the exceptionally harmonious and meaningful Armenian personal names, then without much effort you can understand the meaning contained in them:
Arevik - Sunshine,
Astghik - an asterisk,
Azat - free,
Arpi - dawn,
Razmik is a warrior,
Draht - paradise,
Martik - warrior,
Zepyur - breeze, etc.
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, experts in esotericism and occultism, authors of 14 books.
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Armenian names
Armenian male names and their meaning
Armenian male names
Abig- chanting
Abel
Avet, Avetik, Avetis- blessing, sacred Knowledge
Agashi- unshakable mountain
Azat- free
Hayastan
Hayk, Haykaz- unity
Aizemnik
Akop- God help, save
Amazasp- victorious defender
Amayak- sincere
Ambartsum- ascension, luminous, sparkling in the sky
Anahit
Anania- one of a kind
ara- noble
Arakel- apostle, divine protector
Aram- noble
Ararat
Argam- worthy
Argishti – worthy of love
Areg- Sun
Aristakes- holy protector
Armen, Armenak- the spirit of the Aryans
Arsen- noble warrior
Artavazd, Artamazd- abode of truth
Artak- aiming for the sun
Artash, Artashes- striving for truth
Arthur- light of truth
Artush- striving for the light
Harutyun- Sunday
Arushan- sunny face
Arshavir – solar hero
Arshak- life-giving sun
Artsvik
Astvatsatur- sent by God
Hasmik
Ashot- the hope of the world
Ahavni
Baghdasar- blessed power
Bagram- happiness of love
Bagrat- joy of love
Barseg- very influential
Vaan- shield, omnipresent
Vagharsh, Vagharshak- omnipresent sun
Wagram- swiftness of the tiger
Vazgen- the light of knowledge
Vanik- merchant
Varazdat- the gift of space
Vardan- reward
Wardwan- patriot country loving
Wardges- the king of the country
Varuzhan- born to be a protector
Vasak- eye light
Wahak- omnipresent sun
Vahinak- solar warrior
Vachagan- fiery speech
Vache- speech, word
vigen- strong, powerful
Virab- defender hero
Gagik- heavenly
Galust- appearance, coming, coming to the house
Geregin- the fire of knowledge
Garnik- lamb, sacrificial lamb, led to the fire
Garsevan- fire worshiper
Gaspar- going to liberate
Gegham– home
Grant- holy book
Gurgen- sacred knowledge spiritual teacher
David- giving knowledge
Jeevan- living embodied soul
Draht- paradise
Yeghish- hungry for power
Yeznik
Yervand- holy faith holy veneration
Zhirayr- lively, lively
Zaven- well-mannered, humble
Zarmair- noble man
Zorair- a man endowed with power
Zoriy- priest of the cult of the sun and fire
Zurab- divine, fragrant
Karapet- the lord of the rays of the sun, the sun
Karen- elephant
Kerop- solar arrow
Kikos- hard, durable
Kirakos- chronicler
Levon
Mamikon- my
Manushak
Markar- the path of the Aryans, the noble path
Martik- warrior
Mher– sunny
Melkon- meeting the sun
Melkum- meeting the dawn
Mesrop- moon arrow
mechak- carnation
mihran- sunny face
Minas- fish
Mkrtich- baptist
Mushegh- excellent
Nargiz
Nubar- praise
Ogan, Hovhannes, Hovhannes- fiery
Parkev- reward, custom of libations (associated with sacrifice)
Partev- lord, king, warrior
Parunak- part of God
Patwakan- dignity, honor from a young age, venerable
Petros- stone
Razmik- warrior
Rachia- creation, creation, fiery eyes
Ruben
Ruzan
Sahak- power of the sun
Sagatel- sign of power
Sako- divine
Samvel
Sanasar- power of eternity
Santur- sacred light
Sapah- worshiping God
Sargis- power of nature
Saro- strong
Taron
Tatevos- the path of the ancestors
Tatos- paternal
Tatul father's joy
Tyrant- sacred face
Hummock- pressure, energy
Trdat- gift of the gods
Unan- golden face, sun
Tendril- morning
Harput- solar lotus
Khachatur- sent down St. Cross
Khoren- Sun
Khosrow- throwing the victim into a stream of fire (associated with sacrifice)
Shavarsh- power of the sun
Shmavon- peaceful
Shushan- Beautiful
Tsakhik
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Armenian names. Armenian male names and their meaning
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Because the national history Armenians is quite complicated, Armenian names are a kind of mixture. You can meet Armenians with original Armenian names, and with Parthian names, and with Arabic, Greek, Slavic, Biblical names.
Most often, all Armenian names are divided into five categories: by parents, by occupation, by geography, by hallmark person and titled names. It is also customary to single out the following layers of personal names of Armenians.
1. National names.
The group of national names includes the names of pagan Armenian gods and names derived from them, such as Hayk, Anahit, Vahagn. The group also includes the names of Armenian kings (Tigran, Ashot, etc.) and commanders (Vardan, Gevorg, etc.).
2. Names formed from the words of the Armenian language.
This group includes names derived from the names of stars and planets, precious fabrics and stones, holidays. These names include Arev (sun), Manushak (violet), Metaxia (silk) and others. Enough a large number of Armenian names comes from the description of flora and fauna.
Such names, like all personal names formed from common nouns, were invented a very long time ago. In ancient times, the name was chosen in accordance with the qualities of a person or the desire to see these qualities in the future. Thus, the names were given to a person meaningfully. For example, the Armenian name Rachia says that its bearer has “fiery eyes”, and Zarmair means “noble man”. Many names are designed to reflect the internal and external dignity of the wearer. So, Zhirayr means “brisk”, and Patwakan means “venerable”.
Many male names have an "air" component at the end, meaning the word "man". This component is usually preceded by an adjective describing the carrier. Similarly, many female names end in "dukht", which means "daughter" in translation, and the name of the father is placed at the beginning of the name. Thus, new names appear. For example, Vormizdukht or Aikandukht.
The names, which have in their composition a description of objects of flora and fauna, arose from totems deified in antiquity. These names include Garnik, Nargiz, Tsakhik, etc.
3. Borrowed names.
Such names include, in particular, the names of common Christian saints. For example, the names Solomon or David. As in others advanced cultures, biblical names were slightly modified in their own way. So, among the Armenians, Johann became Hovhanness, keeping the sound close to the original. A number of Armenian names, although not biblical, still have religious significance. Such names are translations of foreign religious names. For example, Khachatur - "sent down to St. Cross" or Arakel - "apostle".
A number of names were borrowed from the Persian language. For example, the name Suren. Many alien names have changed, becoming familiar to Armenians.
During the years of the existence of the USSR, Armenians began to call their children names from the Russian language. Often borrowed diminutively affectionate forms names. So, Armenians began to be called by the names Alyosha, Volodya, Zhora, Yurik. In the same years, the names familiar to Western Europe. Among them were the names Henry, Edward, Hamlet and others. Also, names and surnames have become popular among Armenians. famous people. For example, Engels, Karl, Roosevelt and others. However, later the carriers of such unusual names began to change them to more familiar Armenian names.
A number of Armenian names can be worn by both men and women. These names include Arshaluys, Hayastan, Yerdzhanik and others. Some names have a masculine and feminine form. For example, the male name Armen - female name Armenui.
In Armenia, the generic name is still widely used. It is not mentioned in the documents and is especially widespread outside the cities. A generic name is formed on the same basis as the surname, but in this case the nickname or occupation of the founder of the clan is taken as the basis.
Many Armenians live outside of Armenia, forming large diasporas. Under the influence of diasporas on the actual Armenian nation, names and surnames are very diverse. You can meet both primordially Armenian and christian names. Surnames can be of Armenian, Turkic, Greek, Old Testament or Iranian origin.
Most surnames end with the endings "-yan" and "-yants", which indicate the carrier's belonging to any kind. For example, the surname Sargsyan speaks of belonging to the Sarkis family.
Armenia is associated with the Caucasus, good wines and long, ornate toasts. Here is stony soil, bestowing generous fruits its inhabitants. Armenia is the oldest and great culture Urartu, the successor of ancient Anatolia and the very first state to adopt Christianity. To this day, 95% of the entire population professes this particular faith.
Armenian names for men and women are a mirror image of the history of the people, who survived many conquerors and wandered the world for a long time. Therefore, many names are borrowed, but adapted to own language. Interesting fact that, despite being under the yoke of the Turks for a long time, the Armenians did not take over their names.
National features
Some names in Armenia are called both men and women, for example, Armen is masculine, and Armenui is feminine.
Most of the surnames of Armenians end in "-yan" or "-yants" and reflect belonging to a particular genus. For example, the beautiful Armenian male name Sargsyan - that is, from the Sarkis family.
The country still uses generic names, which are not indicated in official documents, but are used in everyday life. Such names are given by the type of activity of a person or by a nickname.
National names
This group includes the names that were previously worn by the gods, kings and commanders. The most common Armenian male names in this category include:
- Ashot. It translates as "the hope of this world." But if interpreted according to Turkic etymology, then the name means "not afraid of fire." In the Middle Ages, Ashot was very popular name, but with Islamization it practically disappeared from the languages of the Caucasus, remaining only among Christian Armenians. Boys with this name have leadership qualities, but are overly touchy. They have good fantasy and do nothing against their will.
- Vardan. There are a lot of versions of the origin of this name. According to one of them, it appeared from the so-called Vardapet monks, and in this version it is translated as “reward”. Boys with such names are characterized as adherents of foundations and traditions, hard to perceive something new. Men may be interested in archeology and history. They marry early and love their wives.
- Tigran. This name was borne by several Armenian kings, it is present in the epic "Vipasank". There is a version that it is still borrowed from the Persians and is translated as "possessing the strength of a tiger." As a rule, these are inquisitive boys, but with age they become more sedate and ask less witty questions. At the same time, they remain quite emotional and open to the whole world. Depending on the situation, a man with that name can be gentle, like the most affectionate kitten, and strong, like a tiger. Usually, regardless of the chosen field of activity, the Tigrans succeed.
Derived names
This is a fairly large group of Armenian male names derived from the names of precious stones, planets, holidays and stars. For example, Arev – in the mythology of the ancient Armenians is the personification of the Sun. Shown as young man that emits light. IN figurative meaning the name means "life".
There are such names that are derived from the descriptive characteristics of flora and fauna, from common nouns. They were given with the aim of seeing certain qualities in the future of the child, that is, they were chosen quite consciously. For example, Patwakan, that is, "venerable", Zhirayr - "brisk". The name Garnik - "sacrificial" or "led to the fire", has no analogues in other languages.
A number of names have the ending "-air", which means "man". An adjective is placed before the ending, which should characterize the bearer of the name. But such names are becoming rarer and rarer.
Borrowed
The three-thousand-year history of the people greatly expanded the list of Armenian male names. First of all, these are the names of common Christian saints - David and Solomon. There are many analogues adapted in the Armenian way, for example, Johann became Hovhannes.
Some names are not taken from the Bible, but have religious overtones. For example, Khachatur is translated as “sent down by the Holy Cross”, and Arakel is “apostle”. Many adopted names from the Persians, such as Suren.
An interesting borrowing occurred during the period when Armenia was part of the USSR. Diminutive forms of Russian names have taken root in the country: Yurik, Volodya, Zhora. At the same time, names appeared that bore famous people world, even their names - Karl, Roosevelt and Engels. And in the period when the borders of the state opened, the names characteristic of the peoples of Western Europe began to appear: Hamlet, Henry and Edward.
Armenian male names, alphabetical list
Acharyan Rachia made a great contribution to the study of this issue, who compiled a book of five volumes called "Dictionary of Armenian Personal Names". Rachia spent fundamental research of this question, in the book you can find not only the name, but also its meaning, the history of its appearance.
A short list of the most common Armenian male names:
| Azat - free Amayak - the highest spirit Aram - noble Armen - the spirit of the Aryans Arthur - the light of truth | Bagram - the happiness of love Barkhudar - worshiping strength Barseg - influential Babken - sage Bagish - intoxication with happiness | Vardan - reward Vardges - the king of the country Wardwan - protector Vasak - the light of the eyes Vramshapuh - an oath |
| Garnik - led to fire Gaspar - liberator Gurgen - knowledge from the spiritual teacher Gagik - heavenly Grant - holy book | David - giver of knowledge Jivan is the living embodiment of the soul Derenik - church student Jirair - active Davtak - favorite | Yervand - holy veneration Eranik - blessed Erjanik - happy Egiazar - the one whom God helps Egan - a descendant of a noble family |
| Zhirayr is a living aria | Zatik - Easter Zinvor - warrior Zaven - well-mannered Zoravar - commander Zurab - divine | Emil - hardworking Erjanik - happy Edward - guardian of wealth |
| Karen - elephant, generous Karlen is a man Karapet - the sun Kaytsak - lightning Ktrich - lord | Levon - lion Ler - rock Lorenz - a resident of Laurent Lorik - quail | Mihran - the face of the sun Mesrop - arrow of the moon Markar - noble path Mushegh - magnificent Marzpet - chief |
| Nubar - Praise Navasard - the first month of the Armenian calendar Narek - in honor of the saint of the 10th century Nver - a gift Norayr - new man | Hovhannes - fiery | Parunak - a piece of God Pogos is a guy Parkev - reward Petros - stone Patwakan - honor from youth |
| Rachia - creation | Sagatel - a sign of power Saro - having power Sargis - powerful by nature Sako - divine Santur - holy light | Tatos - paternal Toros - assertive Tyrant - sacred face Trdat - bestowed by the Gods Tatul - joy for the father |
Popular
To date, the top five popular Armenian male names include:
- Eric, or "eternal ruler";
- Hayk, in honor of the mythical Armenian progenitor;
- Narek, in honor of the ancient Armenian holy city;
- Horus, or "terrible."
Borrowed modern
Popular, borrowed and modern Armenian male names include:
- David, name of Hebrew origin and meaning "beloved". Usually they are calm and balanced men, pragmatic and strong-willed.
- Raphael, also the Hebrew name for one of the seven archangels. Boys are distinguished by great perseverance and emotionality.
- Alain, French descent, meaning the need to dominate everywhere and always. Men are not afraid to compete, even if they know that they are weaker.
- Albert, Old German, means "brilliant". Men are usually secretive and confident.
