"The Brothers Karamazov" last work the author, completed four months before his death in 1880. The main themes of the novel relate to issues of faith, freedom and moral principles. Brothers Ivan, Alexey and Dmitry are looking for an answer to questions about the purpose of being and life meaning. Make their final choice life path, each of them chooses his own way of knowing God, looking for an answer to the question of the immortality of the soul.
"The Brothers Karamazov" summary
The action of the work takes place in the province in the small town of Skotoprigonyevsk and begins in 1870. The first pages of the novel are devoted to the meeting of father Fyodor Karamazov with his sons and the resolution of issues regarding the property status of the family. From the first pages of the novel, the author introduces readers to the righteous elder Zosima, whose younger brother Alyosha serves as a novice. The rest of the Karamazovs gathered at Zosima's skete. Along with them are the landowner Miusov, the seminarian Rakitin, and some clergymen.
The main dispute concerns the property claims of the elder Dmitry to his father about a large sum of money that he owes his son. But money is only external cause, the true background of Dmitry's claims is Grushenka, in which both father and son are passionately in love. The author, pushing his characters at this meeting, from the first pages of the novel gives a description of each character.
Outlines what to expect from the characters. It shows that Dmitry, despite the fact that he has a strong and impetuous nature, can commit extraordinary acts, which he later greatly repents of. Clever Ivan, surrounded by a riddle, cannot find the question: “Is there a God? Is the soul immortal? does not understand how to solve the permissiveness dilemma. Alyosha, a young novice of the elder, is heartbroken for everyone, and most importantly, for his brothers.
And, of course, the father is Fyodor Pavlovich, who, with his voluptuousness, scandalous character, makes everyone, without exception, feel disgust and disgust. Despite the fact that nothing good came of the meeting, Elder Zosima finds a kind, reconciling word of consolation for everyone. Alexei Karamazov receives a blessing from the elder and parting words for worldly obedience, aimed at saving the brothers from irreparable deeds.
Having received the elder's blessing, Alexei follows in the direction of his father's estate. On the way, he meets Dmitry, who was watching for Grushenka's appearance. Loving her immensely, Dmitry does not believe her, he is afraid that she, attracted by money, will go to her father. Dmitry confesses to his brother, his soul is overwhelmed with passions, conflicting feelings: God, voluptuousness, feelings for a woman, torment about his beloved, the search for an answer to the question of the immortality of the soul, everything was mixed up with Dmitry. The son is ready to kill the father whom he hates with all his heart.
Coming to his father, Alexei finds him and Ivan sincerely entertaining the conclusions of his lackey Smerdyakov, who may be Fyodor Pavlovich's illegitimate son. Dmitri burst in suddenly, seized with rage, beats his father, realizing the wrongness of his act - he runs away. Alyosha meets with Katerina Ivanovna, Grushenka, however, the meeting again does not end with anything good.
The next day begins with his father's confession, in which he confesses to Alyosha his immense voluptuousness and unwillingness to yield to Dmitry - Grushenka. Alyosha gossips about his brother Ivan, accusing him of wanting to steal Dmitry's bride. And so throughout the story, full of passions, the life of the heroes of the novel passes.
For money, Smerdyakov, inspired by Ivan's theory of permissiveness, kills Fyodor Ivanovich, who completely trusted him. Ivan, realizing that the murder of his father happened with his tacit permission, tormented by repentance, goes crazy. Smerdyakov, struck by the state of Ivan, whom he respected immensely and bowed to, commits suicide.
Dmitry, accused of killing his father, is brought to trial and, although he did not commit the crime, due to lack of evidence and the true killer, despite his denial of his guilt, he is sentenced to 20 years of hard labor. Dmitry receives his sentence without guilt, mainly because of his fiancee Ekaterina Ivanovna, nevertheless he begs her forgiveness, and she suddenly confesses her love to him, saying: “I loved that you are magnanimous with a heart.”
Dmitry is not looking for someone to blame for his misfortune, he himself is looking for forgiveness from people before whom he can be at least a little guilty. Regardless of hostility actors in the novel, Alexei Karamazov is loved by everyone. All the characters in the novel seek forgiveness for their largely unseemly deeds. Alesei Karamazov is chosen in the work as the standard of a person, to whom all the heroes of the novel are compared. Alexey, his desire to help everyone, all-round love for everyone around him, happiness in love and forgiveness - this is the main idea works, for this is the real Christian joy of being.
With his novel, Dostoevsky makes it clear to the reader that life does not end with existence on this earth, we get the opportunity to realize ourselves, so that with what we have received, here on earth, come to God's judgment. Epilogue At the end of the work, the author admonishes the reader, encouraging him to do good deeds, saying: “How good life is when you do something good and truthful!” And one more main confession of Dostoevsky is expressed in conclusion - a declaration of love for the Motherland, for Russia, for the Russian God.
BROTHERS KARAMAZOV - the last work of Dostoevsky and last novel from the great Pentateuch of the writer - describes the life and fate of one generation of the Karamazov family. Three brothers Dmitry, Ivan and Alexei are the sons of one father, Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov. However, they are completely different from each other. Dmitry is a passionate, impulsive, depraved, but capable of repentance, Ivan is a smart, but too cold, rational "philosopher". Alyosha is a young, somewhat naive righteous man who wants to enter a monastery. The novel is not without detective intrigue. Fyodor Pavlovich is found murdered in his house. Suspicion falls on Dmitry - they often quarreled, and they had property disputes. But Dmitry denies his guilt. The inquiry begins. Dmitry is threatened with hard labor. The brothers must save him! For this, they will have to, each in their own way, decide eternal questions, which Dostoevsky puts before his heroes: about truth and lies, about good and evil, about beauty and love, about salvation (Alyosha Karamazov) and ...
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Arina Yamaleeva
"The Brothers Karamazov" - plot
The action of the novel takes place in the small Russian town of Skotoprigonyevsk (Dostoevsky took Staraya Russa as the basis). Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, 55 years old, married a wealthy woman, Adelaide Ivanovna Miusova, and began to manage her fortune. Ultimately, his wife left him for St. Petersburg, leaving his father with a very young son, Dmitry. Not having time to dispose of her fortune, she died in St. Petersburg, and Fyodor Pavlovich got the opportunity to dispose of all the capital of the deceased. He safely forgot about his son, indulging in speculation and orgies of various kinds. After some time, he married a second time - to the beautiful orphan Sofya Ivanovna, a pupil of the noble widow of the old general's wife Vorokhova, and had two children with her - the elder Ivan and the younger Alexei. Mocking his wife because of her lack of a dowry, and not stopping a dissolute life during marriage, he ultimately drove her to insanity and brought her to the grave. As a result, Fedor Pavlovich left three children - Dmitry from his first marriage, Ivan and Alexei from his second.
The children were brought up first by Grigory, a servant of Karamazov, then they were given to guardians. Dmitry, when he grew up, left the gymnasium, entered a military school, and then found himself in the Caucasus, he earned a good deal, but he fought in a duel, was demoted, and then he curried again and began to revel. Ivan and Alexei were sent to study at the university, with the former eventually addicted to journalism, and the latter, being a quiet and pious person, decided to become a monk. All this time, Fyodor Pavlovich did not remember his children. Dmitry inherited part of his mother’s fortune, but in fact he periodically received money from his father, however, not having an accurate idea of the size of his inheritance, he lived everything quickly and, according to Fyodor Pavlovich, still owed him. Ivan did not take money from his father during his studies and even managed to achieve financial independence. Alexei dropped out of the gymnasium and went as a novice to a monastery. His mentor, Elder Zosima, agreed to judge between father and son. Alyosha was most afraid that his relatives would behave unworthily in front of the elder, and so it happened. Their meeting in the monastery ended in a scandal caused by Fyodor Pavlovich. A few days later, at a family dinner in the house of Fyodor Karamazov, another scandal thunders. Dmitry fights with his father, beats him and runs away, finally threatening to kill the old man. The feud between father and son, in addition to the material part, contained a conflict on the basis of love: both looked after Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova (Grushenka) - a wayward bourgeois with certain means. Almost immediately after the scandal, the elder Zosima dies, sending Alexei "to serve the world" before his death.
Dmitry reveals to Alyosha that he is burdened not only by hostile relations with his father and uncertain with Grushenka, but also by the fact that he has a debt to Ekaterina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva, his bride, whom he left because he considers himself unworthy of her ( since she wants to become his wife in order to save Mitya "from himself", considering herself indebted to him for helping her father avoid the shame of embezzling state money). Verkhovtseva gave him three thousand to give this money to her relative in Moscow, and he spent it on a carouse with Grusha in the village of Mokroe. Now Dmitry hopes to receive three thousand from his father on account of what was not given to him, and Fyodor Pavlovich decided to use just such an amount out of anger to seduce Grusha. He wrapped this money in paper, tied it with a ribbon, even wrote a touching inscription to Grushenka, and hid it, according to Dmitry, under the pillow. Dmitry himself knows about the hiding place under the pillow from the lips of Smerdyakov, a servant suffering from seizures of epilepsy and, possibly, illegitimate son Fyodor Pavlovich. Being in a severe mental disorder, and thinking that Agrafena would agree to come to Fyodor Pavlovich, Dmitry sneaks up to his father’s house at night, runs up to the window with the intention of distracting him with a secret signal and finding out if Grushenka is there, however, in last moment bad thoughts leave him and he rushes headlong to the fence. He is overtaken by the servant Gregory, who considered Dmitry a "paricide". In a rush, Dmitry wounds Grigory with a metal pestle on the head. From this wound, the servant loses consciousness, and Dmitry, thinking that he is dead, bitterly leaves him there by the fence. After some time, it turns out that Grigory's suspicions about the death of master Fyodor Pavlovich are not in vain. He is indeed found dead in his room, and, of course, he is accused of the crime of Dmitry Karamazov.
Dostoevsky's house in Staraya Russa, standing on the banks of the Pererytitsa. The novel "The Brothers Karamazov" was written in it.
Dmitry rushes to the village of Mokroe that same night, having learned that Grushenka went there, to her lover, who, having deceived her, disappeared 5 years ago. Upon arrival, Dmitry discovers his beloved in the company of the "only one", as she herself calls him; however, Grushenka sits upset, because she has no feelings for this man for a long time. In addition, there was no trace of the ardent, interesting officer whom she had known before. Dmitry offers the pan (beloved - a former officer) 3 thousand so that he gets out immediately and no longer looks for Grushenka. Pan does not agree, because Dmitry is not ready to give the entire amount at once. There is a scandal over a game of cards (played by Dimitri and Pan) as Pan makes a deck swap. The pan demands from Grushenka that she appease Dmitri, Grushenka drives the pan away. Village girls and peasants come to the inn where Dmitry, Grusha and the Polish lords are, everyone sings and dances, money is distributed right and left - a drunken revelry begins. Grushenka tells Dmitry that she loves him, that she is ready to leave with him and start a new one, honest life. Dmitry is inspired, asks God that the old man Grigory, whom he accidentally hit, stays alive.
Quite unexpectedly, the police appear and arrest Dmitry. A preliminary investigation begins, where Dmitry swears that he did not kill his father. Dmitry tells the investigators that he really was in his father's garden, thinking that Grusha is with him. Making sure that she is not there, he rushes out of the garden; when he climbed over the fence, his servant Grigory grabbed him by the clothes, and Dmitry, being very excited, hit him on the head. Seeing the blood (that's where the blood is on his hands), he jumped off to see if the old man was still alive. When Dmitri is informed that Grigory is not dead, Karamazov seems to come to life, saying "there is no blood on my hands." After the incident in the garden (according to Dmitry), he rushed to Wet. When asked by the investigator where he got the money from, Dmitry does not want to answer for reasons of honor, however, then he tells how he borrowed 3 thousand from Mrs. Verkhovtsova, but spent only half, and sewed the other half in an amulet around his neck. The catch is that during the first spree in Mokry, Dmitry himself told everyone and everyone that he brought exactly 3 thousand to spend (although in fact 2 times less), everyone confirms this. The investigator says that an envelope from under the money that the old man saved for Pear was found at the crime scene. Dmitry says that he heard about this envelope, but never saw it and did not take money. But all the evidence and testimonies of other people speak against him. At the end of the interrogation, Dmitry is taken into custody, imprisoned.
Ivan returns, he is sure that the killer is his brother Dmitry. Alyosha is convinced that Dmitry is not guilty. Dmitry himself is sure that he killed Smerdyakov, who was in the house on the night of the murder, but Smerdyakov on this day feigns an epileptic seizure and his "alibi" is confirmed by the doctors. Meanwhile, Ivan is tormented by conscience, it seems to him that he is to blame for what he did, because he wished his father to die, perhaps he influenced Smerdyakov (Ivan could not decide who killed him). Ivan goes to Smerdyakov, who is in the hospital due to a prolonged epileptic fit; talks to Ivan impudently, laughs. Ivan walks again and again. In the end, Smerdyakov says that it was he who killed the master, but the true killer is Ivan, because he taught Smerdyakov (“everything is permitted”, “what if one reptile devours another?”) and did not interfere with the crime, although he guessed that it will come to pass. Gives money (3 thousand). Ivan screams in horror that tomorrow (on the day of the trial) he will betray Smerdyakov. At home, Ivan begins to have a fever (in continuation of nervous attacks with hallucinations), Smerdyakov hangs himself.
At the trial, Katerina Ivanovna, ex-fiancee Dmitry, shows the court a letter written by Dmitry in a drunken state, where he promises to find the money he borrowed. He will definitely give it back, even if he has to kill his father, he will do it. Katerina Ivanovna does this to save Ivan, whom she loves. Ivan bursts in, shouting that the killer is Smerdyakov, but by this time Ivan is already going crazy, no one believes him. However, it would seem that the jury believes in Dmitry's innocence, everyone is waiting for a pardon, but the jury passes the verdict "guilty". Dmitry is sentenced to 20 years in hard labor.
The novel ends with Alyosha helping to develop Dmitry's escape plan, considering the sentence unfair.
Story
The novel was the result of Dostoevsky's work, while many ideas, images and episodes arose long before work on the work began. The first of them are found in the writer's work as early as 1846; in the 1850s, at hard labor, Dostoevsky met Dmitry Ilyinsky, whose story of parricide formed the basis of the plot of the novel; in the works of the 1850s and 1860s, characters appear who, to one degree or another, served as the predecessors of the heroes of the novel The Brothers Karamazov. In the autumn of 1874, while working on the novel The Teenager, Dostoevsky, in one of his working notes, outlines for the first time the plan of The Brothers Karamazov.
The idea, the ideology of the novel, its religious and philosophical concept were largely influenced both by the works of other writers, in particular Victor Hugo and Leo Tolstoy, and by the works of philosophers and religious thinkers such as Vladimir Solovyov and Nikolai Fedorov. Dostoevsky began processing materials and thinking over the plan in the spring of 1878. As he worked on the novel, Dostoevsky realized that he was not meeting the deadlines. Some books of the novel more than doubled in size compared to the plan and were divided, separate chapters and even books that were not provided for in the original plan were also added.
Reviews
Reviews of The Brothers Karamazov
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Eva El
Wow! First review for this book!
Unfortunately, I couldn't read this work to end. It's painfully heavy. Undoubtedly, Dostoevsky is great, a huge talent, but for several months I just forced myself to read this book again and again. And not because she's boring or anything like that. It’s just that I literally felt everything that was written on myself, but I had to feel far from pleasant. How could he write like that? Especially when they interrogated Mitya - the purest mockery of my brain and my heart. And this scene with dirty laundry and a curved yellow fingernail on thumb legs! Unbearable! And I started to get depressed...
But then someone's review with spoilers turned up on hand, which suddenly deprived my further torment of any meaning, and the previous ones too. I think this is where my acquaintance with Dostoevsky ended.
Of course, there are readers who just appreciate such a realistic presentation, and they are the majority. But as they say, viewing is prohibited for the faint of heart and pregnant women. For everyone else, I recommend reading it.
Useful review?
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In all world literature there are not so many books comparable in depth to famous novel Russian classic. This is one of the undeniable peaks of not only Russian, but also world literature. Can hardly be considered fully educated person, if Dostoevsky's novel "The Brothers Karamazov" is not in the list of books read by him. But it is complex, multidimensional, and in order to understand it, you need to do a lot of mental and intellectual work.
Dostoevsky. "The Brothers Karamazov"
This is the final book and a kind of culmination of everything creative way writer. In it, he reflected everything that he thinks about a person and the world in which a person lives. In the center of the story are three brothers who have very different relationships with the world and with the Supreme Creator. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky tied too many contradictions into the plot of his novel. The Karamazov brothers are at the very center of a multidimensional knot of contradictions boiling in the quiet provincial town of Skotoprigonyevsk. The town, as it turns out, lives by the principle: But there are devils in people's souls too.
And one of the key phrases of the novel is the maxim of Karamazov Sr.: "If there is no God, then everything is allowed." And father-Karamazov is guided in his life precisely by this principle, in accordance with it, he accepts death at the hands of one of his sons. The plot of the novel is based on the murder of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, and Dostoevsky unhurriedly spins this detective intrigue before the reader. The Karamazov brothers are among the suspects in this crime that has stirred up a quiet town.
Of course, the detective intrigue here is nothing more than a structural framework on which the brilliant image of Russia is based. It is clearly read in the novel, it clearly depicts something more than a flash of passion against the backdrop of the murder of an old drunkard in a provincial locality. But the denouement to which Dostoevsky leads the action is especially impressive.
"The Brothers Karamazov" is not limited to the three main characters of the story, and none of the sons of the deceased committed murder. But Fyodor Mikhailovich was killed by the brother of the Karamazov Jr. This character runs through the whole novel as Smerdyakov's lackey. The fact that he is the fourth son of the deceased is unknown to anyone, and he calculated his crime very competently. All the evidence converges against Dmitri Karamazov and the few who know the truth cannot prove it.
Posthumous glory
The author himself was not destined to trace the fate of his main book, he died shortly after its publication in the pages of a literary magazine. But the fate of the novel is enviable, it has been read and re-read for a century and a half. A thick volume with an inscription on the spine "F. Dostoevsky. "The Brothers Karamazov" is in any self-respecting library, many read it several times during their lives, comparing the impression that this book left in their youth with the perception of it in mature years. And one can only guess future fate heroes of Dostoevsky. The brightest character in the novel was supposed to go throw a bomb at the liberator king. But the revolution did without him.
When you pick up a tattered volume of Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov and read it, you see before your eyes the destinies of people - Father Fyodor, his three sons, women - Grushenka and Ekaterina Ivanovna - who played a role in their destinies. However, first things first.
So, the first pages of the novel reveal the image of the elder Zosima from the monastery, a man leading a righteous life and trying to instruct members of the Karamazov family, one of whom is younger son Alexei is his novice. It is on the initiative of this humble boy that the elder Zosima meets with his family, the purpose of which is to solve important issue. But in order to understand what happened there, one must first touch briefly on the description of the characters of each of the Karamazovs.
Fyodor Karamazov, the father of the family, although he was considered a landowner, was distinguished by greed and cruelty, he did not consider anyone and led a hectic life in drunkenness and numerous vices. His son from the first wife of Adelida Ivanovna - Dmitry - with early childhood did not know his father and was brought up either by his cousin uncle Pyotr Aleksandrovich Miusov, or by his cousin, one of the Moscow young ladies, and when she died, by her daughter. It is not surprising that, without proper education, the young man grew up eccentric, led a hectic life, did not finish his studies at the gymnasium, fought duels, squandered a lot of money and eventually got into debt. It is characteristic that Dmitry saw his father, Fyodor Pavlovich, already after eighteen years.
And at first he paid off his son with small handouts, and then it turned out at all that the property that belonged to Dmitry was no longer there: the young man had made too many debts.
The second wife of Fyodor Pavlovich, from whom two more sons were born - Ivan and Alexei - was Sofya Ivanovna. This poor orphan girl has a sad background: she was brought up by the widow of General Vorokhov, a noble, domineering, jealous and wayward woman. So the unfortunate Sonya did not marry Fyodor Great love, but under the yoke of circumstances: too much I wanted to get rid of the tyranny of the so-called "benefactor".
deceitful hopes
Having married, the girl got, as they say, “out of the fire and into the frying pan”: the newly-made husband, right in front of her, arranged wild orgies with other women, reveled and, of course, did not put his wife in anything. It is not surprising that during such a life, Sonya fell ill, and soon, when her youngest son Lesha was about four years old, she died.
So the children ended up with the general's wife - the one who once brought up Sonya. They, dirty and intimidated, this fighting old woman took away from the servant of Fyodor - Grigory. The father himself, which, however, was to be expected, had nothing to do with his sons.
Now it's time to describe the characters of Vanya and Lesha, who, after the death of the general's wife, were brought up by her heir Efim Petrovich, a decent and honest man, the provincial marshal of the nobility.
The middle son Alexei grew up gloomy and withdrawn. From childhood, he realized that he was in a strange family, and his father and his brother were somehow unlucky. But this boy, among other things, began to show learning abilities, which is why at the age of thirteen he got to the famous teacher, a childhood friend of Efim Petrovich. The young man graduated from the gymnasium, and then the university. He made a living by writing small articles, which were in demand at the time.
Time has passed and middle son suddenly, unexpectedly for everyone, he came to his father, whom he had never known until now. But what is most surprising of all - he got along well with him and even had an influence on this man with such an unbearable character.
As for the third son of Alyosha, he was the complete opposite of the brothers. This twenty-year-old youth was distinguished by philanthropy and embodied many positive traits, did not want to judge people, but was not afraid of them, did not remember insults, was known as bashful and chaste. Wherever Lesha appeared, everyone loved him, but in the gymnasium sometimes peers allowed themselves to ridicule him. Being in the monastery, where he got on own will, Alexei was strongly attached to the elder Zosima ...
It should be noted that Karamazov had another son who had nothing to do with his wives. This is the servant Smerdyakov, the fruit of Fyodor's vicious connection with the holy fool, the vagrant Elizaveta. He serves in the house as a lackey and a cook and enjoys the trust of the owner (and maybe his father). By the way, here it would not be superfluous to touch on the image of Lizaveta herself quite a bit. This girl is one of the most mysterious characters. She does not take part in the development of the novel, but knows about everything that happens around.
Inner world this heroine is studied by the author deeply and carefully. The girl feels that Ivan despises the evil that reigns in her soul, and turns to him as her tormentor. Her love is love-hate, it is suffering. She is disgusted by the falsity and lies of this world, everything is disgusting to her, and therefore she does not want to live. But it is Lisa who notices that people love crime: “Listen, now your brother is on trial for killing his father, and everyone loves that he killed his father.” However, we will touch on this part of the story a little later.
Now let us return to the event that took place on the day when the whole family gathered together to resolve an important issue in the cell of the elder Zosima. I must say, the reason was false - a property dispute: Dmitry believed that his father owed him a large sum money, Fedor categorically disagreed with this. People who wished to come together to discuss the problem had different goals- Brother Ivan, for example, and the unbelieving Miusov decided to attend this meeting out of simple curiosity. When everyone - the father of the family, the brothers, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Miusov, his distant relative Pyotr Fomich Kalaganov - arrived at the place, the conversation began. We talked for a long time, and, as mentioned above, did not come to general opinion- especially Dmitri and Fyodor Pavlovich, whom this matter most concerned. On the contrary, between them flared up big scandal, but still surprising is the behavior of the elder Zosima in this situation and his attitude towards everyone present. In the midst of a verbal skirmish, he suddenly knelt down in front of his eldest son, and asked everyone for forgiveness.
After that, no one was able to stay in the cell ... The guests dispersed - and Elder Joseph blessed Alyoshenka to be with his brothers, although he really wanted to stay. What can you do - it happens that a person, contrary to his desires, needs to be where he is needed ...
But, besides hereditary issues, there was another reason for the dispute between Dmitry and Fyodor Pavlovich. Both were passionately in love with Grushenka, the former kept woman of the old merchant Samsonov, a woman, although beautiful, but unyielding and furious. She is not inferior to either father or son, she laughs at them and becomes the cause of hatred. She plunged them into slavery - her voluptuousness and desires. It got to the point that Dmitry, in a fit of feelings, expresses the idea of \u200b\u200bkilling his father, and his father says that he will "crush Mitka like a cockroach."
Another character in the novel
Another heroine appears in the novel - Dmitry's real bride: Ekaterina Ivanovna. This is a noble girl. Her father once missed the state money, and Dmitry made up for the missing amount, without asking for anything in return. Now the young man feels guilty before the girl, because he squandered three thousand rubles with Grushenka, which Catherine gave to send to her sister in Moscow.
The eldest son does not love Ekaterina Ivanovna. Moreover, he concedes her to Ivan (who is not indifferent to this girl) in order to relieve himself of his obligations and leave as soon as possible to Grushenka. I must say, Katerina refuses Ivan, saying that she will be faithful only to Dmitry. Ivan, hearing this, intends to leave for a long time. Only after a while, under the pressure of difficult circumstances, Catherine will realize that she really loves not Dmitry, but Ivan.
And the war for Grushenka between Fyodor Pavlovich and Dmitry continues. Suddenly, the father of the Karamazovs is found at home with a fractured skull. Suspicion, of course, immediately falls on the one who repeatedly threatened to kill Fyodor Pavlovich - Dmitry. This is confirmed by multiple pieces of evidence, and the eldest son of Karamazov is arrested. But Ivan unexpectedly receives a confession from Smerdyakov in the murder. He is shocked, because he thinks that the crime happened at his suggestion - Smerdyakov was too influenced by arguments about permissiveness. At night, the servant of the Karamazovs is found hanged. Ivan presents to the court evidence of the footman's guilt - a pack of banknotes received from him.
The court does not believe these testimonies (most likely the lackey son slandered himself in order to cover up the real criminal). And then Katerina Ivanovna intervenes in the trial, presenting a document of particular importance - a letter from Dmitry, in which he announces his intention to kill his father and take the money.
This is followed by bright and eloquent speeches by the local prosecutor and the famous lawyer Fetyukovich, who paint a picture of Russian Karamazovism and cleverly talk about the prerequisites for Dmitry's crime - the environment in which he was, the unbearable character of his father. But a murderer is a murderer, albeit an unwitting one. The eldest son of Karamazov is sentenced to 12 years of hard labor. After the trial, a nervous fever occurs with him, and Ekaterina Ivanovna comes to him. She admits that "Dmitry will forever remain an ulcer in her heart", even though she loves another, and he loves another.
Here you can read a summary of “Humiliated and Insulted” by Fyodor Dostoevsky, written by him after returning from exile and conveying his impressions of the grief and suffering of people.
Learn more about the books of the talented Russian writer, artist and master of the word Fyodor Dostoevsky, who touches on the topics of philosophy, religion, history and ethics in his works. They expose the problem of poverty and those vices that lead a person to the collapse of personality.
The Brothers Karamazov ends with Alyosha attending the funeral of Captain Snegirev's son, Ilyushenka Snegirev. Younger brother Karamazov calls on the boys with whom he has begun strong friendship when visiting Elijah in the hospital, be kind, never forget each other. After all, life is beautiful when you do good.
After all of the above, one can speculate a little about the very origin of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov, which is the final work of the author, because it was written on the eve of his death. It was published in the journal "Russian Messenger" in 1879-1880 and caused a lot of feedback from both readers and critics. “Never before have I had such success,” wrote the author. With the publication of the novel, Dostoevsky became a spiritual teacher in the eyes of readers.
A masterpiece that has stood the test of time
What else is surprising? More than a hundred years have passed since the publication of the novel, but so far this talentedly written work continues to excite the minds of people.
And here's just one small tip modern reader: I was told that Fyodor Dostoevsky is difficult to read, but I read The Brothers Karamazov in one breath. I was very impressed with this book. “The Brothers Karamazawa” is another confirmation that our thoughts, words, glance, even the movement of an eyebrow – everything that we do not attach importance to, can change a lot: not only our lives, but also the lives of the people who surround us. After reading this work, you begin to follow not only your actions, but also what you say; you begin to think that your words and deeds do not always lead to good, that they can harm not only you, but also those who are close to you. I strongly advise everyone to read this brilliant book by a brilliant author.
“The Brothers Karamazov” summary
5 (100%) 6 votesFedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
BROTHERS KARAMAZOV
Dedicated to Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevskaya
Truly, truly, I say to you, if a grain of wheat, falling into the ground, does not die, it will remain alone; and if he dies, he will bear much fruit.
Gospel of John, Chapter XII, 24.
Starting the biography of my hero, Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov, I am in some bewilderment. Namely: although I call Alexei Fyodorovich my hero, I myself know that he is by no means a great person, and therefore I foresee inevitable questions like these: why is your Alexei Fyodorovich remarkable that you chose him as your hero? What did he do? To whom and what is known? Why should I, the reader, take the time to study the facts of his life?
The last question is the most fatal, because I can only answer it: "Perhaps you will see for yourself from the novel." But what if they read the novel and don't see it, don't agree with my Aleksei Fyodorovich's remarkableness? I say this because I regret it. For me it is remarkable, but I strongly doubt whether I will have time to prove it to the reader. The fact is that this is perhaps an actor, but an indefinite actor, not found out. However, it would be strange to demand clarity from people at a time like ours. One thing, perhaps, is quite certain: this is a strange man, even an eccentric. But strangeness and eccentricity harm rather than give the right to attention, especially when everyone is striving to unite particulars and find at least some common sense in the general nonsense. An eccentric in most cases is particularity and isolation. Is not it?
Now, if you do not agree with this last thesis, and answer: "Not so" or "not always so", then I will perhaps take heart at the expense of the significance of my hero Alexei Fedorovich. For not only is an eccentric “not always” particular and isolated, but on the contrary, it happens that he, perhaps, sometimes carries in himself the core of the whole, and the rest of the people of his era are all, by some influx of wind, for some reason for some reason pulled away from him...
However, I would not indulge in these very incurious and vague explanations and would start simply-for-simply without a preface: like it, they will read it that way; but the trouble is that I have one biography, but two novels. Main novel the second is the activity of my hero already in our time, precisely in our current current moment. The first novel took place thirteen years ago, and there is almost not even a novel, but only one moment from the first youth of my hero. It is impossible for me to do without this first novel, because much in the second novel would become incomprehensible. But in this way my initial difficulty is further complicated: if I, that is, the biographer myself, find that even one novel might be superfluous for such a modest and indefinite hero, then what is it like to appear with two and how to explain such a situation? my hand arrogance?
Lost in the solution of these questions, I decide to bypass them without any permission. Of course, the perspicacious reader has long guessed that from the very beginning I was driving towards this, and only got annoyed with me, why I waste fruitless words and precious time for nothing. I’ll answer this exactly: I wasted fruitless words and precious time, firstly, out of politeness, and secondly, out of cunning: “after all, they say, I warned you in advance about something.” However, I am even glad that my novel broke up by itself into two stories “with the essential unity of the whole”: having become acquainted with the first story, the reader will already decide for himself: should he take on the second? Of course, no one is bound by anything, you can drop the book from two pages of the first story, so as not to reveal more. But after all, there are such delicate readers who will certainly want to read to the end, so as not to err in an impartial judgment, such, for example, are all Russian critics. So, it’s still easier for the heart before such and such: in spite of all their accuracy and conscientiousness, I still give them the most legitimate excuse to drop the story in the first episode of the novel. Well, that's all the preface. I completely agree that it is superfluous, but since it is already written, then let it remain.
And now to business.
PART ONE
BOOK ONE
"HISTORY OF ONE FAMILY"
I. Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov.
Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov was the third son of the landowner of our district, Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, so famous in his time (and still remembered among us) for his tragic and dark death, which happened exactly thirteen years ago and which I will report in its place. Now I will say about this “landowner” (as we called him, although he almost never lived on his estate all his life) only that he was a strange type, but quite often encountered, namely the type of a person not only trashy and depraved, but at the same time, stupid, - but one of those, however, stupid, who know how to perfectly manage their property deals, and it only seems to be one of them. Fyodor Pavlovich, for example, started out with almost nothing, he was the smallest landowner, ran to dine at other people's tables, strove to be a hanger-on, and yet at the time of his death he had up to a hundred thousand rubles in pure money. And at the same time, all the same, he continued all his life to be one of the most stupid madcaps in our whole district. I repeat again: this is not stupidity; Most of these madcaps are quite clever and cunning - namely, stupidity, and even some kind of special, national one.
He was married twice and had three sons - the eldest, Dmitry Fedorovich, from the first wife, and the other two, Ivan and Alexei, from the second. The first wife of Fyodor Pavlovich was from a rather rich and noble family of the Miusov nobles, also landowners of our district. How exactly did it happen that a girl with a dowry, and even more beautiful and, moreover, one of the lively clever girls, so not rare among us in the present generation, but who appeared already in the past, could marry such an insignificant "brain", as everyone then called him I won't explain too much. After all, I knew a girl, back in the previous “romantic” generation, who, after several years of mysterious love for one gentleman, whom, incidentally, she could always marry in the most calm way, ended up, however, by inventing insurmountable obstacles for herself and into a stormy the night rushed from a high bank like a cliff into a rather deep and fast river and perished in it decisively from its own whims, solely because of being like Shakespeare's Ophelia, and even so that if this cliff, so long ago outlined and loved by her , is not so picturesque, and if in its place there was only a prosaic flat coast, then suicide might not have happened at all. This fact is true, and one must think that in our Russian life, in the last two or three generations, there have been quite a few such or similar facts. Similarly, the act of Adelaida Ivanovna Miusova was no doubt an echo of other people's trends and also a captive thought of irritation. She may have wanted to declare women's independence, to go against social conditions, against the despotism of her kinship and family, but an obliging fantasy convinced her, let us assume for a moment, that Fyodor Pavlovich, despite his rank as a hanger-on, is still one of the bravest and most mocking people of that era, transitional to everything better, while he was only an evil jester and nothing more. The piquant thing was also in the fact that the matter was taken away, and this greatly seduced Adelaide Ivanovna. Fyodor Pavlovich, however, was quite well prepared for all such passages, even in his social position, for he passionately desired to arrange his career, at least in whatever it was; to cling to good relatives and take a dowry was very tempting. As for mutual love, it seems that there was none at all - neither on the part of the bride, nor on his part, despite even the beauty of Adelaide Ivanovna. So this incident may have been the only one of its kind in the life of Fyodor Pavlovich, the most voluptuous man in his whole life, in an instant ready to cling to any skirt, if only it beckoned him. Meanwhile, this woman alone did not make any special impression on him from the passionate side.
