What does the cherry orchard mean for each hero. Why is the estate so dear to Gaev and Ranevskaya

Lyubov Andreevna lived abroad for five years, I don’t know what she has become now ... She is a good person. Easy, simple person. I remember when I was a boy of about fifteen, my late father - he then traded here in the village in a shop - hit me in the face with his fist, blood came out of my nose ... Then we came together for some reason to the yard, and he was drunk. Lyubov Andreevna, as I remember now, still young, so thin, led me to the washstand, in this very room, in the nursery. “Don’t cry, he says, little man, he will heal before the wedding ...”

Little man ... My father, however, was a man, but here I am in a white waistcoat, yellow shoes. With a pig's snout in a kalashny row ... Only now he is rich, there is a lot of money, but if you think and figure it out, then a peasant is a peasant ... (Flips through the book.) I read the book and didn't understand anything. Read and fell asleep.

You can hear two carriages pulling up to the house. Lopakhin and Dunyasha leave quickly. The stage is empty. There is noise in the neighboring rooms. Through the stage, leaning on a stick, Firs hastily passes, who went to meet Lyubov Andreevna; he is in an ancient livery and a tall hat; something speaks to itself, but not a single word can be made out. The background noise gets louder and louder. Voice: "Let's go here..." Lyubov Andreevna, Anya and Charlotte Ivanovna with a dog on a chain, dressed in a travel way. Varya in a coat and scarf, Gaev, Simeonov-Pishchik, Lopakhin, Dunyasha with a bundle and an umbrella, servants with things - they all go across the room.

She looked back at him.

I will only bow to you and leave immediately. (He kisses his hand warmly.) I was ordered to wait until morning, but I did not have the patience...

If a lot of remedies are offered against any disease, it means that the disease is incurable. I think, I strain my brains, I have a lot of funds, a lot, and, therefore, in essence, not a single one. It would be nice to receive an inheritance from someone, it would be nice to marry our Anya to a very rich person, it would be nice to go to Yaroslavl and try your luck with the aunt countess. My aunt is very, very rich.

Anya appears at the door.

She married a non-nobleman and behaved, one might say, very virtuously. She is good, kind, nice, I love her very much, but no matter how you think of mitigating circumstances, nevertheless, I must admit, she is vicious. It is felt in her slightest movement.

Surprisingly, something got into my right eye ... I began to see badly. And on Thursday, when I was in the county court...

The Cherry Orchard as the central image of the play

Action last work A.P. Chekhov takes place on the estate of Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, which in a few months will be sold at auction for debts, and it is the image of the garden in the play The Cherry Orchard that occupies a central place. However, from the very beginning, the presence of such a huge garden is puzzling. This circumstance was subjected to rather harsh criticism by I.A. Bunin, a hereditary nobleman and landowner. He wondered how one could extol the cherry trees, which are not particularly beautiful, have gnarled trunks and small flowers. Bunin also drew attention to the fact that in manor estates gardens of only one direction are never found, as a rule, they were mixed. If you count, the garden covers an area of ​​​​about five hundred hectares! It takes a lot to take care of such a garden. a large number of of people. It is obvious that before the abolition of serfdom, the garden was kept in order, and it is quite possible that the harvest brought profit to its owners. But after 1860, the garden began to fall into disrepair, as the owners had no money or desire to hire workers. And it’s scary to imagine what impassable jungle the garden has become in 40 years, since the action of the play takes place at the turn of the century, as evidenced by the walk of the owners and servants not through beautiful bushes, but across the field.

This all shows that the specific household value the image of the cherry orchard was not intended in the play. Lopakhin singled out only its main advantage: "The remarkable thing about this garden is that it is large." But it is precisely the image of the cherry orchard in the play that Chekhov renders as a reflection of the ideal value of the object. art space, built from the words of the characters who, throughout the entire stage history idealize and embellish old garden. For the playwright, the blooming garden has become a symbol of ideal, but receding beauty. And this transient and destructible charm of the past, contained in thoughts, feelings and actions, is attractive both for the playwright and for the audience. By linking the fate of the estate with the heroes, Chekhov connected nature with social significance by contrasting them, thereby revealing the thoughts and actions of their characters. He tries to remember what it's like true purpose people, for which spiritual renewal is necessary, in which lies the beauty and happiness of being.

Cherry Orchard - a means of revealing the characters' characters

image of a cherry orchard plot development plays has great importance. It is through the attitude towards him that one gets acquainted with the attitude of the heroes: it becomes clear their place in the historical changes that have befallen Russia. The viewer's acquaintance with the garden takes place in May, at a wonderful time of flowering, and its aroma fills the surrounding space. The mistress of the garden, who had been absent for a long time, returns from abroad. However, in the years she traveled, nothing had changed in the house. Even the nursery, in which there has not been a single child for a long time, bears the former name. What does a garden mean to Ranevskaya?

This is her childhood, she even imagines her mother, her youth and not very successful marriage to a man, like her, a frivolous spender; the love passion that arose after the death of her husband, burning her; death younger son. From all this, she fled to France, leaving everything, hoping that the escape would help her forget. But she did not find peace and happiness abroad either. And now she has to decide the fate of the estate. Lopakhin offers her the only way out - to cut down the garden, which does not bring any benefit and is very neglected, and give the vacated land for summer cottages. But for Ranevskaya, who was brought up in the best aristocratic traditions, everything that is replaced by money and measured by it is gone. Rejecting Lopakhin's offer, she again and again asks for his advice, hoping that it is possible to save the garden without destroying it: “What should we do? Learn what?" Lyubov Andreevna does not dare to step over her convictions, and the loss of the garden becomes a bitter loss for her. However, she admitted that her hands were untied with the sale of the estate, and without much thought, leaving her daughters and brother, she was again going to leave her homeland.

Gaev goes over ways to save the estate, but all of them are ineffective and too fantastic: get an inheritance, marry Anya to a rich man, ask a rich aunt for money, or re-borrow from someone. However, he guesses about it: "... I have a lot of money... that means... not a single one." He is also saddened by the loss. family nest, but his experiences are not as deep as he would like to show it. After the auction, his sadness is dispelled as soon as he hears the sounds of the billiards he loves so much.

For Ranevskaya and Gaev, the cherry orchard is a link to the past, where there was no place for thoughts about financial side life. This is a happy carefree time when there was no need to decide anything, no shocks happened, and they were the owners.

Anya loves the garden as the only bright thing that was in her life “I'm at home! Tomorrow morning I'll get up and run to the garden... She sincerely worries, but cannot do anything to save the estate, relying on the decisions of her older relatives. Although in fact, she is much more reasonable than her mother and uncle. In many ways, under the influence of Petya Trofimov, the garden ceases to mean the same for Anya as it does for the older generation of the family. She outgrows this somewhat painful attachment to her native land, and later she herself is perplexed that she has fallen out of love with the garden: “Why do I no longer love the cherry orchard, as before ... it seemed to me that there was no better place like our garden." And in the final scenes, she is the only one of the inhabitants of the sold estate who looks to the future with optimism: “... We will plant new garden, more luxurious than this, you will see it, you will understand ... "

For Petya Trofimov, the garden is a living monument to serfdom. It is Trofimov who says that the Ranevskaya family still lives in the past, in which they were the owners of "living souls", and this imprint of slavery on them: "... you ... no longer notice that you live in debt, at someone else's expense ...", and openly declares that Ranevskaya and Gaev are simply afraid of real life.

The only person who is fully aware of the value of the cherry orchard is the "new Russian" Lopakhin. He sincerely admires him, calling the place "more beautiful than which there is nothing in the world." He dreams of clearing the territory of trees as soon as possible, but not for the purpose of destruction, but in order to transfer this land into a new hypostasis, which "grandchildren and great-grandchildren" will see. He sincerely tried to help Ranevskaya save the estate and pities her, but now the garden belongs to him, and unbridled jubilation is strangely mixed with compassion for Lyubov Andreevna.

Symbolic image of the cherry orchard

Written at the turn of the epochs, the play "The Cherry Orchard" became a reflection of the changes taking place in the country. The old is already gone, and it is being replaced by an unknown future. For each of the participants in the play, the garden is its own, but symbolic image the cherry orchard - like the outgoing past for everyone except Lopakhin and Trofimov, one. “The earth is great and beautiful, there are many wonderful places on it,” says Petya, thereby showing that people new era, to which he refers, attachment to their roots is not characteristic, and this is alarming. People who loved the garden easily abandoned it, and this is frightening, because if “All Russia is our garden,” as Petya Trofimov says, what will happen if everyone gives up on the future of Russia? And remembering history, we see: just over 10 years later, such upheavals began to occur in Russia that the country really became a ruthlessly destroyed cherry orchard. Therefore, we can draw an unambiguous conclusion: main image plays became a true symbol of Russia.

The image of the garden, an analysis of its meaning in the play and a description of the attitude of the main characters towards it will help 10th grade students in preparing an essay on the topic “The image of the garden in the play “The Cherry Orchard” by Chekhov”.

Artwork test

All characters in the play "The Cherry Orchard" are of great importance in the ideological and thematic context of the work. Even casually mentioned names bear semantic load. For example, there are off-stage heroes (the Parisian lover, the Yaroslavl aunt), the very fact of whose existence already sheds light on the character and lifestyle of the hero, symbolizing an entire era. Therefore, in order to understand the author's idea, it is necessary to analyze in detail those images that implement it.

A.P. Chekhov loved his heroes, but he could not trust the future of Russia to any of them, even Petya Trofimov and Anya, the progressive youth of that time.

The heroes of the play, sympathetic to the author, do not know how to defend their life rights, they suffer or are silent. Ranevskaya and Gaev suffer because they understand that they cannot change anything in themselves. Them social status goes into oblivion, and they are forced to eke out a miserable existence on the last proceeds. Lopakhin suffers, as he realizes that he cannot help them in any way. He himself is not happy about buying a cherry orchard. No matter how hard he tries, he still will not become his rightful owner. That is why he decides to cut down the garden and sell the land, in order to later forget about it as a nightmare. But what about Petya and Anya? Doesn't the author place his hopes on them? Perhaps, but these hopes are very vague. Trofimov, by virtue of his nature, is not capable of taking any radical action. And without this, the situation cannot be changed. He is limited only to talk about a wonderful future and that's it. And Anya? This girl has a slightly stronger core than Petra. But due to her young age and uncertainty in life, changes should not be expected from her. Perhaps in the distant future, when she arranges everything for herself life priorities, from it it will be possible to expect any actions. In the meantime, she is limited to believing in the best and sincere desire plant a new garden.

Which side is Chekhov on? He supports each side, but in his own way. In Ranevskaya, he appreciates genuine female kindness and naivety, albeit seasoned with spiritual emptiness. In Lopakhin, he appreciates the desire for compromise and poetic beauty, although he is not able to appreciate the real charm of the cherry orchard. The Cherry Orchard is a member of the family, but everyone forgets about it together, while Lopakhin is not able to understand this at all.

The heroes of the play are separated by a huge abyss. They are not able to understand each other, as they are closed in the world. own feelings, thoughts and feelings. However, everyone is alone, they have no friends, like-minded people, no real love. Most go with the flow without setting any serious goals. Besides, they are all unhappy. Ranevskaya is experiencing disappointment in love, life and her social supremacy, which seemed unshakable just yesterday. Gaev once again discovers that the aristocracy of manners is not a guarantee of power and financial well-being. In front of his eyes, yesterday's serf takes away his estate, becomes the owner there even without the nobility. Anna is left without a penny for her soul, she does not have a dowry for a profitable marriage. Her chosen one, although he does not require it, has not yet earned anything himself. Trofimov understands what needs to be changed, but does not know how, because he has neither connections, nor money, nor position to influence something. They are left with only the hopes of youth, which are short-lived. Lopakhin is unhappy because he is aware of his inferiority, belittles his dignity, seeing that he is no match for any masters, although he has more money.

Time, along with space, is one of the main conditions for existence as artwork as well as life itself. In the play by A.P. Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard, time is the key symbol that creates the plot and forms the problem.

The image of time allows us to separate the true from the false, connects and at the same time separates the characters of the play and turns out to be fatal on the personal, social and historical levels.

Three forms of time - past, present and future - divide the heroes of The Cherry Orchard into three ideological categories. So, Gaev and Ranevskaya relate to the past: despite their position as landowners, they do not farm, and therefore cannot save the cherry orchard. Ranevskaya lives on memories alone and is deeply feeling and loving nature, and Gaev is still not grown up boy who eats lollipops and thinks only about playing billiards.

Lopakhin in the play is a representative of the present, who, in the conditions of the new time, becomes the owner of a garden and an estate. Anya and Petya are inactive heroes living in the future. Petya rebukes old Russia, talks about new ways to improve society, but in reality he eternal student and "shabby gentleman".

Heroes related to different times unable to understand and hear each other. Ultimately, everyone is talking about their own. The forms of time have both their advantages and disadvantages, but together they form a single "life" plot of The Cherry Orchard.

The garden itself also represents time. This happens, firstly, because direct meaning image of the garden: in spring it blooms, in autumn sheds leaves. In this sense, the garden means the annual cycle of time and nature. Secondly, the garden is a historical time: it is necessary to destroy the old ideas about the world so that new ones appear in their place; it is necessary to cut down a beautiful useless garden in order to give the land to summer residents and make a profit from it.

Finally, the turning point turns out to be connected with the historical fate of Russia and the author: the play was written in 1903, on the threshold of the revolution of 1905 and the revolution of 1917 following it. In this context, one can try to predict further fate heroes: Gaev and Ranevskaya will not accept the revolution, they will go abroad, where they will be forgotten; Lopakhin will be dispossessed, the land of the garden will be collectivized; followers revolutionary movement Petya and Anya will become poor, "shabby", ready to work and sincerely believing in the possibility of building an ideal society.

Thus, we can conclude that time is not only an integral part of the play "The Cherry Orchard", but also an active figure. Thanks to the many faces of time, the events of The Cherry Orchard are harmonious and logically interact. However, despite the power of time, the ability of the characters to act independently and independently choose the reality in which they have to live is much more important.