Drama is one of the three main genres of literature, which is simultaneously correlated with three types of art - literature, theater and music.
Dramaturgy is mainly associated with the theater as the main form of performing arts. On its stage, all the "three unities" that underlie any dramatic work are realized. Their specific concept, intended for performance from the stage, has long been called plays. The very word "play" French descent and literally means "excerpt", "part", "work". Otherwise, a play can be called any dramatic work intended for staging in the theater, as well as for radio and television performances.
IN musical art the play is understood primarily as the specific name of the works instrumental music. However, there are other meanings, such as finished musical composition or a small instrumental lyrical composition.
Building a play
It should be noted that the very concept of a play is purely formal and does not carry any genre or stylistic load. However, as a rule, the title of the play explains or indicates its genre identity: comedy, tragedy, drama, tragicomedy, etc.
Any play in the construction of its composition obeys the laws of the "three unities", which belong to the pen of Aristotle - the unity of time, place and action.
The logical sequence of action is always written in the following order of the elements of the play:
- The exposition is the setting in motion of the play. It contains an arrangement actors, describes how circumstances develop, reveals the reasons why it begins to unfold plot outline. As a rule, the exposition is located before the beginning of the action.
- The plot - here the main conflict of the play begins to unfold.
- Rise of action - a chain of events originating from the conflict of the play.
- The climax is the peak of the main conflict.
- The denouement of the action is mainly provoked by the climax, we find out what the heroes end up with: someone loses, wins, and someone dies.
The structure of the play is presented
- dialogues and monologues of heroes;
- author's remarks, where the author wants to emphasize, for example, some features of the behavior of the hero or the situation;
- a list of characters, which is given at the very beginning of the play, indicating the profession or family ties of the characters;
- acts - the semantic parts of the play, which in turn are divided into smaller ones - episodes, pictures, phenomena.
Features and genre originality
The main difference between the play and others dramatic works is that it was created exclusively for performances in the theater.
The play also has a certain chain of plot development, which we talked about a little higher: exposition - plot - escalation of conflict - climax - denouement. It should be noted that this state of affairs prevailed in the European theater until the middle of the 19th century, when the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen reformed the canons of the play. With Ibsen, the dramatic production began to carry an ideological overtone, and where it usually ended (denouement), everything was just beginning for him. The replicas and dialogues of the characters began to play a more significant role in the development of the idea and the plot. human voice became the leader in the play, and the psychology of the hero began to emerge more clearly in the dramaturgy.
The play, as mentioned earlier, is not special kind or the genre of drama, however, it can be staged in any genre, for example, in the genre of comedy, where the humorous overtones are driving force plays. Or, on the contrary, a tragedy production where the plot inevitably moves to a catastrophic denouement of the action: someone dies or someone is killed. Genre originality helps the viewer to enter the author's style of building the play.
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To understand what a play is, it is necessary to know why and for what purpose the play itself exists. literary word V human culture why is it more important than that definition, which is formulated logically, precisely and clearly. And why is this bare and irrefutable logic perceived by a few, and literary fabrication - by millions, if not billions.
Man is an emotional being
Human nature, it turns out, is this: a thought that is not colored by intense emotion is not able to enter the information space of most specific individuals. After all, the same mathematics, as a system of certain knowledge, even purely formally much easier topics nevertheless, the Queen of all Sciences is truly understood by a few, and what Romeo and Juliet tells about is perceived by everyone. And then there is no need to explain what a play is.
Leo Tolstoy's work is indicative in this respect. As an example, he clearly and clearly described the character of the same Natasha Rostova on many pages, but this description did not linger in the minds of people for a moment. And suddenly we see her dancing to the guitar of her distant relative, enthusiastically looking at the night native and Russian sky, absorbing with all her awakening feminine nature the views of men thrown at her body ... And every person instantly understood her, because the poetic perception of the world woke up. This is what the transmission of a clot of information about anything through the emotional channels of human consciousness into its information field is like.
A play is a composition for stage, radio and television plays.
People who have never worked literary creativity, having read the title of this section, they will not even be interested in the meaning of what has been said. They will not remember that actors are walking around the stage, and each of them has its own unique character. inner world; they will not think how hard the director, playwright, artist, props, stage technicians worked on a particular performance ... But these are all - worlds, worlds, worlds that come together in order to create an artificial Universe in which important thoughts should come to life. And when everything works out, then not a single answer to the question "what is a play" is able to accommodate the action that unfolds for two or three hours before the eyes of the audience.
An important formality
And yet, what is a play? The term is a very set of characters' dialogues that they pronounce as the story progresses. But in the case when the author, albeit unconsciously, adjusts the speeches of fictional characters to his understanding and vision of what is happening in the world in which he lives, then the truth of life dies, and the words sound empty. Through the speeches of the heroes of the work, it is necessary to show exactly what the character himself, and not the author, sees. There is no place in the play to explain something further, to tell the viewer more, as it is done in novels and poems. That is why writing dramatic works and is the most difficult kind of word art.
More alive than life itself
Once Gogol was asked what the play "Inspector General" is. At first, the writer became gloomy and closed off, and after an hour or two, when the questioner forgot to think about his question, the genius replied that this is something that is more alive than life itself, because not years, but minutes flow. And he is infinitely right, because everyone plot twist, the appearance of new characters is a multidimensional allegory, and each individual phrase is like a revelation. This definition is the essence of what a play is. After all, the viewer, even an inexperienced one, instantly cracks through the deceit, and the written masterpiece, not being born, dies. For all time in Russian Empire over 20,000 plays were written, but very few live on the stages of the world to this day - only 7. The mystical number of perfection ...
The same as a play, see this word. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. A play in general, literary or musical. work; in the strictest sense, a dramatic work. Dictionary of foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (French piece “thing”, “piece”) as a dramatic term is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the genres already canonized by theory. Yes, in history French theater we meet the word "play" in ... ... Literary Encyclopedia
And (obsolete) play, play, wives. (French piece). 1. Dramatic work. Put new play. Translation play. “In dramatic plays… noble passions can excite in us.” Nekrasov. 2. A small piece of music (music). ... ... Dictionary Ushakov
PIECES, s, wives. 1. Dramatic work for theatrical performance. 2. A small musical instrumental lyrical or virtuoso composition. P. for button accordion. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
PIESA, play for women, French. dramatic, theatrical or musical composition. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Exist., f., use. often Morphology: (no) what? plays for what? play, (see) what? play, what? play about what? about the play; pl. What? plays, (no) what? plays for what? plays, (see) what? plays, what? plays about what? about plays 1. The play is dramatic ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev
play- PIECE, PIECE, PIECE s, f. piece f. 1. Essay (scientific); document. PPE. Since I know how much you love to read and are curious, for this I am enclosing one piece, which is written in such a way as better than that it is forbidden. 1744. M. P. Bestuzhev Ryumin. // AB 2 230 ... Historical dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language
play- uh. 1) Dramatic work for theatrical performance. [Treplev:] She... is against my play, because it is not she who is playing, but Zarechnaya. She does not know my play, but she already hates it (Chekhov). Synonyms: dra / ma 2) A small musical ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
play - literary work designed for stage performance. Heading: structure of a dramatic work Part: act Other associative links: dramatic genres A play is a drama, a comedy is the most difficult form of literature, difficult because ... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus in Literary Studies
Books
- The play, notes, stage. Musical play for children in two acts. A fascinating journey into the fairy tale plot of the book "Red Dreamer with Green Eyes", Sergei Aleksandrovich Kazakevich. Near the fabulously beautiful Valdai Lakes they live their fabulous life magic cats and cats, raising growing kittens. Dangers and unusual adventures await them. Here a bird can carry away ... eBook
- The play, G. Fauré. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. Reprinted musical edition of "Pi?ce". Genres: Pieces; For treble instrument, piano; Scores featuring…
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Play
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A play (French pi; ce) is a dramatic work, usually classical style, created for staging any action in the theater. This is a general specific name for works of drama intended to be performed from the stage.
The structure of the play includes the text of the characters (dialogues and monologues) and functional author's remarks (notes indicating the location of the action, interior features, appearance of the characters, their behavior, etc.). As a rule, the play is preceded by a list of actors, sometimes with an indication of their age, profession, titles, family ties, etc.
A separate complete semantic part of the play is called an act or action, which may include smaller components - phenomena, episodes, pictures.
The very concept of a play is purely formal, it does not include any emotional or stylistic meaning. Therefore, in most cases, the play is accompanied by a subtitle that defines its genre - classical, main (comedy, tragedy, drama), or author's (for example: My poor Marat, dialogues in three parts - A. Arbuzov; Let's wait and see, a pleasant play in four acts - B. Show; a kind person from Cesuan, parabola play - B. Brecht, etc.). The genre designation of the play not only performs the function of a "hint" to the director and actors in the stage interpretation of the play, but helps to enter the author's style, the figurative structure of the dramaturgy.
In the art of music, the term piece, as a rule, is used as a specific name for works of instrumental music.
Play
Literary Encyclopedia
Play
PIECES (French piece - “thing”, “piece”) - as a dramatic term, it is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the genres already canonized by theory. So, in the history of the French theater we meet the word "play" in the repertoire fair theaters, which, under the influence of persecution from the Comedie Francaise and Comedie Italienne, create the most curious genres - “piece a ecritaux”, “piece a ariette”, etc. These are small everyday scenes, the tradition of which was picked up by the Jacobin revolutionary theater, who created the genre of topical political performance - "piece a circonstance". The word "P." also found in Diderot's treatise De la poesie dramatique. Diderot in P. does not see any particular genre - P. he calls any dramatic. work written in household theme, so in its scale dramatic. Diderot P. does not insert genres.
P. is greatly spreading in connection with the development of a real-everyday theater - a theater that, by its main goal considered the exact reproduction of empirically known reality in the form of a kind of "piece of living life." Being the most general, universal designation of dramatic works and having the ability to combine all dramatic genres, the play leveled each of them and thus lost its individual properties. The most characteristic feature of bourgeois P. is the ordinariness and mediocrity of everything that takes place in it. There are no strong dramatic conflicts, no heroic tension, no sharp and evil laughter. The bourgeois play is entirely within the bounds of empirical and socially compromised, liberal art.
In Soviet dramaturgy, the traditional "P." begins to undergo significant changes towards the typification of images and the activation of means of influence. So. arr. The development of Soviet dramaturgy does not lead to the consolidation of drama as a genre, but, on the contrary, to the creation of a whole series of new genres that have a relief individual outline and are devoid of the amorphousness and hybridity that constitute the essence of drama.
