It's amazing, but in this age of atomic energy, laser guns and Pluto exploration, there are still primitive people almost unaware of the outside world. Throughout the earth, except for Europe, a huge number of such tribes are scattered. Some live in complete isolation, perhaps not even knowing about the existence of other "bipeds". Others know and see more, but are in no hurry to make contact. And still others are ready to kill any stranger.
How can we be civilized people? Trying to "make friends" with them? Should you watch them carefully? Completely ignore?
Just in these days, disputes resumed when the authorities of Peru decided to make contact with one of the lost tribes. Aboriginal defenders are strongly against it, because after contact they can die from diseases to which they have no immunity: it is not known whether they will agree to medical care.
Let's see what in question, and what other tribes infinitely far from civilization are found in the modern world.
1. Brazil
It is in this country that most non-contact tribes live. In just 2 years, from 2005 to 2007, their confirmed number increased by 70% at once (from 40 to 67), and today more than 80 are already on the lists of the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI).
There are extremely small tribes, only 20-30 people each, others can number as many as 1.5 thousand. At the same time, all together they make up less than 1% of the population of Brazil, but the "original lands" assigned to them are 13% of the country's territory (green spots on the map). 
To search for and account for isolated tribes, authorities periodically fly around the dense forests of the Amazon. So in 2008, hitherto unknown savages were seen near the border with Peru. First, anthropologists noticed from the plane their huts, similar to elongated tents, as well as half-naked women and children. 
But during a repeated flight a few hours later, men with spears and bows, painted red from head to toe, and the same warlike woman, all black, appeared at the same place. They probably mistook the plane for an evil bird spirit. 
Since then, the tribe has remained unexplored. Scientists only guess that it is very numerous and prosperous. The photo shows that people are generally healthy and well-fed, their baskets are full of roots and fruits, from the plane they even noticed something like orchards. It is possible that this people has existed for 10,000 years and since then has kept primitive. 
2. Peru
But the very tribe with which the Peruvian authorities want to make contact is the Mashko-Piro Indians, who also live in the wilderness of the Amazonian forests in the territory national park Manu in the southeast of the country. They used to always reject outsiders, but in last years often began to leave the thicket in the "outside world". In 2014 alone, they were spotted more than 100 times in populated areas, especially along the banks of the river, from where they pointed to passers-by. 
“It seems that they themselves are making contact, and we cannot pretend that we do not notice this. They also have the right to do so,” the government says. They emphasize that in no case will the tribe be forced either to contact or to change their lifestyle. 
Officially, Peruvian law forbids contact with lost tribes, of which there are at least a dozen in the country. But many have already managed to “talk” with Mashko-Piro, from ordinary tourists to Christian missionaries, who shared clothes and food with them. Maybe also because there is no punishment for violating the ban. 
True, not all contacts were peaceful. In May 2015, mashko-piros came to one of the local villages and, having met the inhabitants, attacked them. One guy was killed on the spot, pierced by an arrow. In 2011, members of the tribe killed another local and wounded a national park ranger with arrows. Authorities hope the contact will help prevent future deaths.
This is probably the only civilized Indian Mashko-Piro. As a child, local hunters stumbled upon him in the jungle and took him with them. Since then, he has been named Alberto Flores. 
3. Andaman Islands (India)
A tiny island of this archipelago in the Bay of Bengal between India and Myanmar is inhabited by extremely hostile to the outside world, the Sentinelese. Most likely, these are the direct descendants of the first Africans who ventured to leave the black continent about 60,000 years ago. Since then, this small tribe has been engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering. How they make fire is unknown. 
Their language has not been identified, but judging by its striking distinction from all other Andamanese dialects, these people did not come into contact with anyone for thousands of years. The size of their community (or scattered groups) is also not established: presumably, from 40 to 500 people. 
The Sentinelese are typical Negritos, as ethnologists call them: rather short people with very dark, almost black skin and short, fine curls of hair. Their main weapons are spears and bows with different types arrows Observations have shown that they accurately hit the target of human growth from a distance of 10 meters. Any outsiders are considered enemies by the tribe. In 2006, they killed two fishermen who were sleeping peacefully in a boat that accidentally washed up on their shore, and then met a search helicopter with a hail of arrows. 
There were only a few "peaceful" contacts with the Sentinelese in the 1960s. Once, coconuts were left on the shore for them to see if they would plant them or eat them. - Ate. Another time they "gave" live pigs - the savages immediately killed them and ... buried them. The only thing that seemed useful to them was red buckets, as they were hurried to carry them deep into the island. And exactly the same green buckets were not touched. 
But you know what is the strangest and most inexplicable thing? Despite their primitiveness and extremely primitive shelters, the Sentinelese generally survived the terrible earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004. But along the entire coast of Asia, almost 300 thousand people died then, which made it disaster deadliest in modern history! 
4. Papua New Guinea
The vast island of New Guinea in Oceania holds many unexplored secrets. Its hard-to-reach mountainous regions, covered with dense forests, only seem uninhabited - in fact, they are native home for many non-contact tribes. Due to the peculiarities of the landscape, they are hidden not only from civilization, but also from each other: it happens that there are only a few kilometers between two villages, but they are unaware of the neighborhood. 
The tribes live in such isolation that each has its own customs and its own language. Just think - linguists distinguish about 650 Papuan languages, and in total more than 800 languages are spoken in this country! 
The same differences may be in their culture and way of life. Some tribes turn out to be relatively peaceful and generally friendly, like a nation funny to our ears. the fuck, which Europeans learned about only in 1935. 
But the most sinister rumors circulate about others. There were cases when members of expeditions specially equipped to search for Papuan savages disappeared without a trace. This is how one of the richest American family members, Michael Rockefeller, disappeared in 1961. He separated from the group and is suspected to have been caught and eaten. 
5. Africa
At the junction of the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya and South Sudan, several nationalities live, numbering about 200 thousand people, who are collectively called Surma. They raise cattle, but do not roam and share common culture with very cruel and strange traditions. 
Young men, for example, for the sake of winning brides, arrange stick fights, which can result in serious injuries and even death. And the girls, decorating themselves to future wedding, lower teeth are removed, the lip is pierced and stretched to fit a special plate. The larger it is, the more cattle will be given for the bride, so that the most desperate beauties manage to squeeze in a 40-centimeter dish! 
True, in recent years, the youth of these tribes have begun to learn something about the outside world, and more and more Surma girls are now refusing such a “beauty” ritual. However, women and men continue to adorn themselves with curly scars, which they are very proud of. 
In general, the acquaintance of these peoples with civilization is very uneven: for example, they remain illiterate, but they quickly mastered the AK-47 assault rifles that came to them during civil war in Sudan. 
And another one interesting detail. The first people from the outside world to come into contact with Surma in the 1980s were not Africans, but a group of Russian doctors. The natives then got scared, mistaking them for the walking dead - after all, they had never seen white skin before!
It seems to us that we are all literate, smart people We enjoy all the benefits of civilization. And it is hard to imagine that there are still tribes on our planet that are not far from the Stone Age.
Tribes of Papua New Guinea and Barneo. Here they still live according to the rules adopted 5 thousand years ago: men go naked, and women cut off their fingers. There are only three tribes still engaged in cannibalism, these are Yali, Vanuatu and Carafai. . These tribes with great pleasure eat both their enemies and tourists, as well as their own old people and deceased relatives.
In the highlands of the Congo lives a tribe of pygmies. They call themselves Mong. The amazing thing is that they have cold blood, like reptiles. And in cold weather they were able to fall into suspended animation, like lizards.
On the banks of the Amazonian river Meiki lives a small (300 individuals) tribe Piraha.
The inhabitants of this tribe do not have time. They have no calendars, no clocks, no past and no tomorrow. They have no leaders, they decide everything together. There is no concept of "mine" or "yours", everything is common: husbands, wives, children. Their language is very simple, only 3 vowels and 8 consonants, there is also no counting, they cannot even count to 3.
Sapadi Tribe (Ostrich Tribe).
They have an amazing property: there are only two fingers on their feet, and both are big! This disease (but can this unusual structure of the foot be called that?) Is called claw syndrome and is caused, according to doctors, by incest. It is possible that the cause of it is some unknown virus.
Sinta larga. They live in the Amazon Valley (Brazil).
Family (husband with several wives and children) usually have own house, which is abandoned when the land in the village becomes less fertile and game leaves the forests. Then they move out and look for a new site for the house. When moving, Sinta larga change their names, but each member of the tribe keeps the “true” name a secret (only mother and father know it). Sinta larga have always been famous for their aggressiveness. They are constantly at war both with neighboring tribes and with "foreigners" - white settlers. Fighting and killing is an integral part of their traditional way of life.
Korubo live in the western part of the Amazon Valley.
In this tribe, literally, the strongest survive. If a child is born with some kind of defect, or falls ill with a contagious disease, he is simply killed. They know neither bows nor spears. They are armed with clubs and blowpipes that shoot poisoned arrows. Korubo are spontaneous, like small children. As soon as they smile, they start laughing. If they notice fear on your face, they begin to look around warily. This is almost a primitive tribe, which civilization has not touched at all. But it is impossible to feel calm in their environment, as they can become furious at any moment.
There are approximately 100 more tribes that cannot read and write, do not know what television, cars are, moreover, they still practice cannibalism. They shoot them from the air, and then mark these places on the map. Not in order to study or enlighten them, but in order not to let anyone near them. Contact with them is undesirable, not only because of their aggressiveness, but also for the reasons that wild tribes may not be immune from the diseases of modern man.
They don't know what a car, electricity, a hamburger and the United Nations are. They get their food by hunting and fishing, they believe that the gods send rain, they do not know how to write and read. They may die from catching a cold or the flu. They are a godsend for anthropologists and evolutionists, but they are dying out. They are wild tribes that have preserved the way of life of their ancestors and avoid contact with the modern world.
Sometimes the meeting happens by chance, and sometimes scientists are specifically looking for them. For example, on Thursday, May 29, in the Amazon jungle near the Brazilian-Peruvian border, several huts were found surrounded by people with bows who tried to shoot at the plane with the expedition. In this case, specialists from the Peruvian Center for Indian Tribes flew around the jungle in search of savage settlements.
Although in Lately scientists rarely describe new tribes: most of them have already been discovered, and there are almost no unknown places where they might exist.
Wild tribes inhabit the territory South America, Africa, Australia and Asia. According to rough estimates, there are about a hundred tribes on Earth that do not or rarely come into contact with the outside world. Many of them prefer to avoid interaction with civilization by any means, so it is quite difficult to keep an accurate record of the number of such tribes. On the other hand, tribes that willingly communicate with modern people gradually disappear or lose their identity. Their representatives gradually assimilate our way of life or even go to live "in the big world."
Another obstacle that prevents the full study of tribes is their immune system. "Modern Savages" for a long time developed in isolation from the rest of the world. The most common diseases for most people, such as a runny nose or flu, can be fatal for them. In the body of savages there are no antibodies against many common infections. When the flu virus strikes a person from Paris or Mexico City, his immune system immediately recognizes the "attacker" because it has already met him before. Even if a person has never had the flu, immune cells "trained" for this virus enter his body from his mother. The savage is practically defenseless against the virus. As long as his body can develop an adequate "response", the virus may well kill him.
But recently the tribes have been forced to change their habitual habitats. Development modern man new territories and deforestation where savages live, forcing them to found new settlements. In the event that they are close to the settlements of other tribes, conflicts may arise between their representatives. And again, cross-contamination with diseases typical of each tribe cannot be ruled out. Not all tribes were able to survive when faced with civilization. But some manage to maintain their numbers at a constant level and not succumb to the temptations of the "big world".
Be that as it may, anthropologists have managed to study the way of life of some tribes. knowledge about them social structure, language, tools, creativity and beliefs help scientists better understand how human development went. In fact, each such tribe is a model ancient world representing possible options evolution of culture and thinking of people.
Piraha
In the Brazilian jungle, in the valley of the Meiki River, a tribe of firah lives. There are about two hundred people in the tribe, they exist thanks to hunting and gathering and actively resist the introduction into the "society". Piraha distinguished unique features language. First, there are no words for color shades. Secondly, there are no grammatical constructions necessary for the formation indirect speech. Thirdly, Pirahã people do not know the numerals and the words "more", "several", "all" and "each".
One word, but pronounced with different intonation, serves to denote the numbers "one" and "two". It can also mean "about one" and "not very many". Due to the lack of words for numbers, the feasts cannot count and cannot solve the simplest math problems. They are unable to estimate the number of objects if there are more than three. At the same time, there are no signs of a decrease in intelligence in the Piraha. According to linguists and psychologists, their thinking is artificially limited by the peculiarities of the language.
Pirahãs have no creation myths, and a strict taboo forbids them from talking about things that are not part of them. own experience. Despite this, Pirahas are quite sociable and capable of organized activities in small groups.
Sinta larga
The Sinta Larga tribe also lives in Brazil. Once the number of the tribe exceeded five thousand people, but now it has decreased to one and a half thousand. The minimum social unit of the Sinta Larga is the family: a man, several of his wives and their children. They can move freely from one settlement to another, but more often establish their own home. Sinta larga are engaged in hunting, fishing and farming. When the land where their house stands becomes less fertile or game leaves the forests, the Sinta spotted seals move out and look for a new site for the house.
Each Sinta Larga has several names. One - "real name" - each member of the tribe keeps a secret, only the closest relatives know it. During the life of the Sinta Larga, they receive several more names depending on their individual features or important events that happened to them. The Sinta Larga society is patriarchal, male polygamy is widespread in it.
Sinta larga have suffered greatly due to contact with the outside world. In the jungle where the tribe lives, many rubber trees grow. Rubber collectors systematically exterminated the Indians, claiming that they interfere with their work. Later, diamond deposits were discovered in the territory where the tribe lived, and several thousand miners from all over the world rushed to develop the land of Sinta Larga, which is illegal. The members of the tribe themselves also tried to mine diamonds. Conflicts often arose between savages and diamond lovers. In 2004, 29 miners were killed by Sinta Larga people. After that, the government allocated $810,000 to the tribe in exchange for a promise to close the mines, allow them to set up police cordons near them, and not engage in stone mining on their own.
Tribes of the Nicobar and Andaman Islands
The group of Nicobar and Andaman Islands is located 1400 kilometers from the coast of India. Six primitive tribes lived in complete isolation on the outlying islands: the great Andamanese, the Onge, the Jarawa, the Shompens, the Sentinelese, and the Negrito. After the devastating 2004 tsunami, many feared that the tribes had disappeared forever. However, later it turned out that most of of them, to the great joy of anthropologists, escaped.
The tribes of the Nicobar and Andaman Islands are in the Stone Age in their development. Representatives of one of them - Negrito - are considered the most ancient inhabitants of the planet, preserved to this day. The average height of a Negrito is about 150 centimeters, and even Marco Polo wrote about them as "cannibals with dog muzzles."
Korubo
Cannibalism is a fairly common practice among primitive tribes. And although most of them prefer to find other sources of food, some have retained this tradition. For example, Korubo living in the western part of the Amazon Valley. The Korubo are an extremely aggressive tribe. Hunting and raiding neighboring settlements are their main means of subsistence. The korubo's weapons are heavy clubs and poison darts. Korubo do not practice religious rites, but they have a widespread practice of killing their own children. Korubo women have equal rights with men.
Cannibals from Papua New Guinea
by the most famous cannibals are, perhaps, the tribes of Papua New Guinea and Borneo. Cannibals of Borneo are cruel and promiscuous: they eat both their enemies and tourists or old people from their tribe. The last surge of cannibalism was noted in Borneo at the end of the past - the beginning current centuries. This happened when the Indonesian government tried to colonize some areas of the island.
In New Guinea, especially in its eastern part, cases of cannibalism are observed much less frequently. Of the primitive tribes living there, only three - the Yali, the Vanuatu and the Carafai - still practice cannibalism. The most cruel is the Carafai tribe, while the Yali and Vanuatu eat someone on rare solemn occasions or out of necessity. The Yalis are also famous for their festival of death, when the men and women of the tribe paint themselves in the form of skeletons and try to appease Death. Previously, for fidelity, they killed the shaman, whose brain was eaten by the leader of the tribe.
Emergency ration
The dilemma of primitive tribes is that attempts to study them often lead to their destruction. Anthropologists and travelers alike find it difficult to turn down the prospect of going to stone Age. In addition, the habitat modern people is constantly expanding. Primitive tribes managed to carry their way of life through many millennia, however, it seems that in the end, savages will join the list of those who could not stand the meeting with modern man.
Pygmy is a representative of one of the nationalities living in the equatorial forests of Africa. This word Greek origin and means "a man the size of a fist." Such a name is quite justified, considering average height representatives of these tribes. Find out who the pygmies of Africa are and how they differ from others in the hottest continent.
Who are the pygmies?
These tribes live in Africa, next to Ogowe and Ituri. In total, there are about 80 thousand pygmies, half of which live along the banks of the Ituri River. The height of the representatives of these tribes varies from 140 to 150 cm. The color of their skin is somewhat atypical for Africans, because they have a slightly lighter, golden brown. Pygmies even have their own National clothes. So, men wear a fur or leather belt with a small apron made of wood in front, and a small bunch of leaves in the back. Women are less fortunate, often they only have aprons.
At home
The buildings in which representatives of this people live are made of twigs and leaves, fastening everything with clay. Oddly enough, the construction and repair of the hut here is the responsibility of the women. A man, having conceived the construction of a new house, must go to the elder for permission. If the elder agrees, he gives his visitor a nyombikari - a bamboo stick with a peg at the end. It is with the help of this device that the boundaries of the future home will be outlined. This is done by a man, all other construction worries fall on the shoulders of a woman.
Life style
A typical pygmy is a forest nomad who does not stay in one place for a long time. Representatives of these tribes live in one place for no more than a year, while there is game around their village. When the fearless animals run out, the nomads take off in search of a new home. There is another reason why people often move to a new place. Any pygmy is extremely superstitious person. Therefore, the whole tribe, if one of its members dies, migrates, believing that the forest does not want anyone to live in this place. The dead man is buried in his hut, a commemoration is held, and the next morning the whole settlement goes deep into the forest to build a new village.
Mining
Pygmies feed on what the forest gives them. Therefore, in the early morning, the women of the tribe go there to replenish supplies. On the way, they collect everything edible, from berries to caterpillars, so that every pygmy of the same tribe is fed. This is an established tradition, according to which the woman is the main breadwinner in the family.
Outcome
Pygmies are accustomed to the traditions of their lives, which have been established for centuries. Despite the fact that the government of the state tries to educate them in a more civilized life, cultivation of the land and a settled existence, they continue to remain far from this. Pygmies, photographed by many researchers studying their customs, refuse any innovations in their everyday life and continue to do what their ancestors did for many centuries.
Surprisingly, in our age of atomic energy, laser guns and the exploration of Pluto, there are still primitive people who are almost unaware of the outside world. Throughout the earth, except for Europe, a huge number of such tribes are scattered. Some live in complete isolation, perhaps not even knowing about the existence of other "bipeds". Others know and see more, but are in no hurry to make contact. And still others are ready to kill any stranger.
What about us civilized people? Trying to "make friends" with them? Should you watch them carefully? Completely ignore?
Just in these days, disputes resumed when the authorities of Peru decided to make contact with one of the lost tribes. Aboriginal defenders are strongly against it, because after contact they can die from diseases to which they have no immunity: it is not known whether they will agree to medical care.
Let's see who we are talking about, and what other tribes, infinitely far from civilization, are found in the modern world.
1. Brazil
It is in this country that most non-contact tribes live. In just 2 years, from 2005 to 2007, their confirmed number increased by 70% at once (from 40 to 67), and today more than 80 are already on the lists of the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI).
There are extremely small tribes, only 20-30 people each, others can number as many as 1.5 thousand. At the same time, all together they make up less than 1% of the population of Brazil, but the "original lands" that are assigned to them are 13% of the country's territory (green spots on the map).
To search for and account for isolated tribes, authorities periodically fly around the dense forests of the Amazon. So in 2008, near the border with Peru were seen unknown hitherto savages. First, anthropologists noticed from the plane their huts, similar to elongated tents, as well as half-naked women and children. 
But during a repeated flight a few hours later, men with spears and bows, painted red from head to toe, and the same warlike woman, all black, appeared at the same place. They probably mistook the plane for an evil bird spirit. 
Since then, the tribe has remained unexplored. Scientists only guess that it is very numerous and prosperous. The photo shows that people are generally healthy and well-fed, their baskets are full of roots and fruits, from the plane they even noticed something like orchards. It is possible that this people has existed for 10,000 years and since then has kept primitive. 
2. Peru
But the very tribe with which the Peruvian authorities want to make contact is the Indians mashko pyro, also living in the wilderness of the Amazonian forests in the Manu National Park in the southeast of the country. Previously, they always rejected strangers, but in recent years they have often come out of the thicket into the "outside world." In 2014 alone, they were spotted more than 100 times in populated areas, especially along the banks of the river, from where they pointed to passers-by.
“It seems that they themselves are making contact, and we cannot pretend that we do not notice this. They also have the right to do so,” the government says. They emphasize that in no case will the tribe be forced either to contact or to change their lifestyle. 
Officially, Peruvian law forbids contact with lost tribes, of which there are at least a dozen in the country. But many have already managed to “talk” with Mashko-Piro, from ordinary tourists to Christian missionaries, who shared clothes and food with them. Maybe also because there is no punishment for violating the ban. 
True, not all contacts were peaceful. In May 2015, mashko-piros came to one of the local villages and, having met the inhabitants, attacked them. One guy was killed on the spot, pierced by an arrow. In 2011, members of the tribe killed another local and wounded a national park ranger with arrows. Authorities hope the contact will help prevent future deaths.
This is probably the only civilized Indian Mashko-Piro. As a child, local hunters stumbled upon him in the jungle and took him with them. Since then, he has been named Alberto Flores.
3. Andaman Islands (India)
A tiny island of this archipelago in the Bay of Bengal between India and Myanmar is inhabited by extremely hostile to the outside world. Sentinelese. Most likely, these are the direct descendants of the first Africans who ventured to leave the black continent about 60,000 years ago. Since then, this small tribe has been engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering. How they make fire is unknown.
Their language is not identified, but judging by its striking difference from all other Andamanese dialects, these people did not come into contact with anyone for thousands of years. The size of their community (or scattered groups) is also not established: presumably, from 40 to 500 people. 
Sentinelese are typical Negritos, as ethnologists call them: rather short people with very dark, almost black skin and short, fine curls of hair. Their main weapons are spears and bows with different types of arrows. Observations have shown that they accurately hit the target of human growth from a distance of 10 meters. Any outsiders are considered enemies by the tribe. In 2006, they killed two fishermen who were sleeping peacefully in a boat that accidentally washed up on their shore, and then met a search helicopter with a hail of arrows. 
There were only a few "peaceful" contacts with the Sentinelese in the 1960s. Once, coconuts were left on the shore for them to see if they would plant them or eat them. - Ate. Another time they “gave” live pigs - the savages immediately killed them and ... buried them. The only thing that seemed useful to them was red buckets, as they were hurried to carry them deep into the island. And exactly the same green buckets were not touched. 
But you know what is the strangest and most inexplicable thing? Despite their primitiveness and extremely primitive shelters, the Sentinelese generally survived the terrible earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004. But along the entire coast of Asia, almost 300 thousand people died then, which made this natural disaster the deadliest in modern history! 
4. Papua New Guinea
The vast island of New Guinea in Oceania holds many unexplored secrets. Its hard-to-reach mountainous regions, covered with thick forests, only seem uninhabited - in fact, this is the home of many non-contact tribes. Due to the peculiarities of the landscape, they are hidden not only from civilization, but also from each other: it happens that there are only a few kilometers between two villages, but they are unaware of the neighborhood.
The tribes live in such isolation that each has its own customs and its own language. Just think - linguists distinguish about 650 Papuan languages, and in total more than 800 languages are spoken in this country! 
The same differences may be in their culture and way of life. Some tribes turn out to be relatively peaceful and generally friendly, like a nation funny to our ears. the fuck, which Europeans learned about only in 1935. 
But the most sinister rumors circulate about others. There were cases when members of expeditions specially equipped to search for Papuan savages disappeared without a trace. This is how one of the richest American family members, Michael Rockefeller, disappeared in 1961. He separated from the group and is suspected to have been caught and eaten. 
5. Africa
At the junction of the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya and South Sudan, several nationalities live, numbering about 200 thousand people, who are collectively called antimony. They raise cattle, but do not roam and share a common culture with very cruel and strange traditions.
Young men, for example, for the sake of winning brides, arrange stick fights, which can result in serious injuries and even death. And the girls, decorating themselves for a future wedding, remove their lower teeth, pierce their lip and stretch it so that a special plate fits there. The larger it is, the more cattle will be given for the bride, so that the most desperate beauties manage to squeeze in a 40-centimeter dish! 
True, in recent years, the youth of these tribes have begun to learn something about the outside world, and more and more Surma girls are now refusing such a “beauty” ritual. However, women and men continue to adorn themselves with curly scars, which they are very proud of. 
In general, the acquaintance of these peoples with civilization is very uneven: for example, they remain illiterate, but quickly mastered the AK-47 assault rifles that came to them during the civil war in Sudan. 
And one more interesting detail. The first people from the outside world to come into contact with Surma in the 1980s were not Africans, but a group of Russian doctors. The natives then got scared, mistaking them for the walking dead - after all, they had never seen white skin before!
