Wed, 05/12/2012 - 15:19
Very interesting information about cartoons from our childhood and facts that we did not know before.
The Adventures of Leopold the Cat
The creators of the Soviet animated series about a good-natured cat and malicious mice thought for a long time about the name of the protagonist. I really didn’t want to call the character by a simple cat name, like Murzik or Barsik. At the same time, the name should be easy to remember and sound beautiful. There is a version that the name of the good-natured cat was invented by the son of Arkady Khait, who was the author of the cartoon script. The boy recently watched the film Elusive Avengers, which was popular at that time, one of the heroes of the film, a White Guard colonel, was named Leopold Kudasov. And so the famous cat Leopold appeared to all of us. By the way, bully mice also have their own nicknames. The plump gray prankster is called Motei, and the thin and harmful one is Mitya. However, in the cartoon, the mice remained nameless.
Some series parody famous Soviet movies. So, in the series "Walking the Cat Leopold" there is a clear reference to the film "White Sun of the Desert", where the scene of digging out Said by Sukhov is parodied. And in the series "Polyclinic of the Cat Leopold" there is a reference to the film "Operation" Y "" - the white mouse plans to put the cat to sleep with the help of chloroform, but his gray friend falls asleep.
In 2008, the main characters of the animated series were depicted on the collectible two-dollar Cook Islands silver coin.
Brownie Kuzya
In the first series of the cartoon, songs based on verses by Valentin Berestov are heard.
In addition to the trilogy of Tatyana Alexandrova mentioned in the article, there are a number of works about the brownie Kuza, written later by her daughter, Galina Alexandrova.
There are also two audio performances called "Kuzka Brownie", recorded by the Vimbo and Astrel publishing houses in 2008 and 2010, respectively.
A fragment of the series "The Adventures of a Brownie" is shown in the movie "Night Watch".
flying ship
The cartoon features songs by Yuri Entin to the music of Maxim Dunayevsky performed by famous artists: Mikhail Boyarsky, Anatoly Papanov.
The episode where the tsar places Princess Zabava under house arrest, and the princess herself beats and throws dishes (dowry), parodies a similar episode in Leonid Gaidai's film comedy "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
Words to another song from the cartoon (Vodyanoy's song) Yuri Entin, according to his own confession, wrote while sitting in the bathroom for 10 minutes.
Chastushki Babok-Yozhek performed women's group Moscow Chamber Choir.
Kid and Carlson
The musical composition that plays during the ghost attack on the crooks is an uncredited melody "House of Horrors" by Merv Griffin, performed by the Charles Grean Orchestra and is an arrangement of melodies from Saint-Saens's "Dance of Death" and funeral march Chopin.
Vasily Livanov voiced the role of Carlson in a voice that imitated with its intonation the voice of the famous director Grigory Roshal.
In the 1970s in the USSR, the cartoon was produced on reels, at the end of the 20th century - on VHS. In the 1990s, Twic Lyrec released an audio fairy tale based on the cartoon of the same name with text by Alexander Pozharov on audio cassettes.
plasticine crow
They wanted to ban the cartoon, as it turned out to be "ideologically unprincipled." The picture was saved by Ksenia Marinina and Eldar Ryazanov, who showed The Crow in defiance of the censors in one of the issues of Kinopanorama.
All three parts of the cartoon are united by one minor character- an old woman with a carpet beater.
The creation of the cartoon took about 800 kg of Soviet plasticine, which, due to faded colors, had to be painted with paints.
The main part of the melody in the third part of the cartoon (“Maybe, maybe ...”) is a slightly modified verse of the Irish folk song Whiskey in the Jar, "bridge" in its middle part ("But then the fox ran, or maybe not ran ...") - a quote from George Harrison's song "My Sweet Lord". The melody was also used in the junior minister's song for the film "Tales of the Old Wizard".
Carrion last year's snow
The cartoon "Last Year's Snow Was Falling" received too much censorship attention. “At the delivery of “Sneg”, I had a pre-infarction condition,” said the director of the film, Alexander Tatarsky. - They told me that I disrespectfully treat a Russian person: you have only one hero - a Russian peasant, and that idiot! ..
Based on the cartoon, there are two of the same name computer games, which tells about the new adventures of the Muzhik. Both games were voiced by Sadalsky.
Explaining to the composer what the final musical theme, Tatarsky said: “We will be buried to this tune!” And so it happened: the theme from the cartoon "Last Year's Snow Was Falling" sounded at the director's funeral.
The phrase "Oh, these storytellers" is the epigraph of the first novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky "Poor People", which in turn is a quote from the story of Prince V. F. Odoevsky "The Living Dead.
The secret of the third planet
The cartoon was also shown abroad. In the US, Alice was voiced by Kirsten Dunst, and Talker was voiced by James Belushi.
In honor of the cartoon, the St. Petersburg group Kim and Buran, performing electronic music in the Sci-Fi/Space Age Pop genre.
In 2005, Akella made a platform arcade based on the cartoon - The Secret of the Third Planet.
Cheburashka
To the question: “Where did the idea to call Cheburashka exactly Cheburashka come from?”, Eduard Uspensky, in one of his interviews, said that he once observed such a picture: a friend’s little daughter tried on a fur coat that was great for her and dragged along the floor. “The girl was constantly falling, stumbling about her fur coat. And her father, after another fall, exclaimed: “Oh, she’s gone crazy again!”. This word stuck in my memory, I asked its meaning. It turned out that "cheburahnutsya" - it means "to fall." And so the name of my hero appeared, ”the author admitted.
In the last cartoon "Cheburashka Goes to School" Cheburashka failed to read the telegram from Gena. Although in the cartoon "Crocodile Gena" Cheburashka found Gena by ad, and in the cartoon "Cheburashka" he even read a couplet on the poster of the pioneers: "Everything unnecessary is scrapped, we will collect scrap metal."
Crocodile Gena's song was also translated into Finnish language, as well as Japanese, English, German, Swedish, Bulgarian, Polish and other languages. In all these countries, different time the films of Roman Kachanov "Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka" and "Shapoklyak" were released.
Three from Prostokvashino
Cat Matroskin could also become a cat Taraskin. This surname belonged to an employee of the film magazine "Wick" But Anatoly Taraskin forbade Uspensky to use his name. He later regretted it very much: “What a fool I was! I regretted giving my last name! - he wrote and said to the writer.
The image of Galchonok did not work out for a long time, so everyone who went into the artist's room at Soyuzmultfilm was asked to draw Galchonok. L. Shvartsman, the creator of Cheburashka, even had a hand in its creation.
Levon Khachatryan copied Uncle Fyodor's mother from his wife, Larisa Myasnikova. " Vertically challenged, short hair, wearing glasses. Popov made his corrections... Points. On my sketch, they were round, which my wife wears, but Popov thought that square ones were better ”(from Levon Khachatryan’s notes).
Before Prostokvashino, Nikolai Yerykalov and Levon Khachatryan had already worked together on the cartoon Bobik Visiting Barbos. There is a certain similarity between the characters of these two cartoons.
The episode where the postman Pechkin knocks on the door and Galchonok replies "Who's there?" is very similar to the episode in the 1971 American educational cartoon series The Electric Company where the plumber knocks on the door and the parrot answers him.
Hedgehog in the fog
In 2003, "Hedgehog in the Fog" was recognized best cartoon of all times and peoples according to the results of a survey of 140 film critics and animators from different countries.
In January 2009, in Kyiv, at the intersection of Zolotovorotskaya, Reytarskaya and Georgievsky lanes, a monument to the Hedgehog was erected. The figure of the Hedgehog is made of wood, screws served as thorns. He is depicted sitting with a bundle on a high stump.
Not only film directors and screenwriters like to leave various Easter eggs and references in their work, animation creators also "sin" with this matter. So well-known cartoons can open from a completely unexpected side.
We have found some interesting stories that will surely inspire you to watch your favorite cartoons: who knows, maybe you yourself will find secret chips from the creators?
1. What the Chicken Run chickens are hiding
In the cartoon "Escape from the Chicken Coop" each character must have some kind of accessory around his neck - beads, a scarf or a necklace. This was done for a reason: the chickens in this cartoon, or rather their models, are molded from plasticine, and besides, they had to turn their heads. To hide the resulting joint, the animators came up with a tricky trick with jewelry around the neck.
2. Why the first curly-haired princess appeared so late
Initially, the creators of the cartoon "The Little Mermaid" wanted to make Ariel beautiful curly hair, but, alas, computer graphics 1989 did not allow this to be done.
Therefore, the first curly Disney princess became Merida from the cartoon " Brave"- and it happened only in 2012. For 3 years, a special simulator was created that predicts the behavior of 1,500 curls. Just imagine: the scene where Merida removes the hood from her head and her curls fly apart took more than 2 months to create!
3. "The Secret of Coco", which few people guessed
In the cartoon "The Secret of Coco" there are several curious references. For example, on the main street of the Mexican town where he lives main character, you can see big dolls- This is Buzz Lightyear and cowboy Woody from the cartoon "Toy Story".
Another scene in which Miguel passes by a table with toys refers us to the heroes of the cartoon "Finding Dory": here you can see a whale shark named Destiny and Nemo and Dory fish.
4 Mufasa And Scar Were Not Brothers
It turned out that the creators of "The Lion King" withheld one curious detail: according to the authors, Mufasa and Scar are not brothers, but rather two lions who live in the same pride. The directors say that in the wild, when the leader ages, a stronger and younger lion appears, and they wanted to use facts from the life of animals. At that moment, they realized that Mufasa and Scar could not be brothers, but for some reason long years did not tell the audience about it.
So now that same scene in the gorge no longer seems so tragic, although it is still very painful to watch.
5. There's a Curious Reference in Inside OutAnd here is another Pixar cartoon, in which an attentive viewer will find a lot of "hello" from other works of the studio. One of them appears at the beginning of the cartoon in the scene when Riley and her parents are driving across the country to new house. On the wires, you can see several round birds: they look exactly like the characters in the 2000 short film called "About the Birds."
6. What is the secret behind the success of Disney cartoons?
Literally in every new cartoon Disney hides either a Mickey Mouse toy or its outline. So, in Zootopia, the toy hid in a baby stroller, and in Frozen, it hid on a shelf with dishes. They say that this is the secret of popular love for the studio and the commercial success of their cartoons: who knows, what if this is true?
7. Announcements of upcoming novelties in Zootopia
In one of the scenes of Zootopia, we are shown a real collection of Disney cartoons, the names of which have been slightly changed according to the rules of the animal world. Here you can see the discs of "City of Heroes", "Rapunzel", "Moana", "Ralph", as well as cartoons that have not yet appeared on the screens - this is "Cold Heart - 2" (released in 2019) and "Giants" (the premiere is expected in 2018).
8 Snow White Could Have Been Blonde
Initially, the creators planned to make Snow White blonde, but in the end they still decided to be guided by the source - the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm, according to which the girl's hair is "pitch black".
Moreover, everyone's favorite gnomes could get completely different names: they wanted to call them Shorty, Jumper, Bald, Dirty, Bad Boy, Screamer ... The creators did not have enough imagination for the seventh gnome, and they planned to call him simply Seventh.
By the way, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", contrary to popular belief, is not the first full-length animated film in history, but differs from its predecessors in that it has sound and color.
9. Where did the sculptures in Beauty and the Beast come from?
Surely everyone remembers those creepy figures of monsters that adorn the castle of the Beast. The sculptures look especially creepy and gloomy at the beginning of the cartoon, when Belle is studying the castle in fear. As it turned out, most of the sculptures are various early versions of the Beast, which were made by artists in the process of creating his image.
10. Shrek has a real prototype
The word "Shrek" is translated from German as "horror", but everyone knows very well that it is difficult to find a character kinder than this green ogre. It turned out that the beloved hero has a prototype - this is the French wrestler Maurice Tiye.
He had a rare disease that caused the bones to grow and thicken, especially in the front. Tiye achieved great success in sports, was fluent in 5 languages and learned over the years to treat his specific appearance with humor.
The first multiplier is considered to be the Frenchman Emile Reynaud. On October 28, 1892, the artist invited the audience to the premiere of an unprecedented show called the Optical Theatre. Reynaud demonstrated to the audience a stroboscope - an apparatus that showed moving pictures. In the 12-minute tape, which the inventor showed to the audience, there were about five hundred drawings.
The first real cartoon appeared in France in August 1908. It was a two-minute short film "Phantasmagoria". To create it, the artist Emil Kohl used seven hundred drawings.
The director Vladislav Starevich made a contribution to the beginning of Russian animation. He created a puppet cartoon in 1912 and called the creation "The Beautiful Luconida or the War of the Hornets and Mustaches."
IN Soviet years The flagship of animation was the Moscow studio Soyuzmultfilm.
The most popular cartoon character in Russia is Cheburashka. The eared cartoon character about the crocodile Gena was "born" in 1969 and immediately fascinated children and adults. In the cities of Kremenchug, Dnepropetrovsk and Ramenskoye, monuments were even erected to the cartoon hero. And since 2004, Cheburashka has become the official mascot of the Russian Olympic team.
The audience also fell in love with the Hare with the Wolf from the cartoon "Well, you wait!" iconic characters painted by the artist Svyatozar Rusakov, and the voices of Anatoly Papanov and Clara Rumyanova were recognized by both adults and children.
For ten years, the beloved characters did not change and did not grow old, but during the filming of the seventeenth issue, Papanov died. They tried to pick up the wolf new voice but in vain. The picture was saved by editor Lyudmila Mikheeva, who kept unused dubs of the master's voice acting.
Today the leader among Russian animated series "Masha and the Bear". The painting is popular in Russia and other countries. For example, in Italy, daily cartoon views are gaining 800,000 viewers. The Italians released coloring books and books with the characters in the picture.
The animated series "Luntik", "Fixies", "Pepa Pig", "Smeshariki", "Barboskiny" are also loved today. All seasons of the Barboskins are collected on the website http://barboskiny.biz/
Cartoon records
The Simpsons is considered the longest animated series in the world. The first episodes were released back in 1989, and new episodes are still being filmed.
Rapunzel is the most expensive cartoon in history. Complicated story". In 2010, $260 million was spent on the creation of the cartoon. A large team worked on the cartoon, which carefully drew every detail. Efforts were not in vain - the box office brought $ 600 million.
Would you install an application for reading epochtimes articles on your phone?
One of the children's favorite cartoon characters- Sponge Bob - in fact, adults like it no less. At least about 35% of fans of this cartoon have long grown out of short pants. But from the "square", apparently not.
For many actors, national fame was brought not by roles in films, but by voicing cult cartoons. So, for example, it happened with our Boris Novikov, who "gave" his voice to the postman Pechkin.
Walt Disney is considered the most Oscar-winning cartoonist in the world. He owns 26 figurines. The prize for the cartoon about Snow White looked very unusual: it consisted of one large figurine and seven "undersized".
The image of the wolf from "Well, you wait!" one of the authors of the cartoon V. Kotenochkin "copied" from real person: a guy dressed in the style of backyard punks. In the role of a wolf, the creators of the legendary cartoon saw Vysotsky. And Vladimir Semenovich himself was not against voicing the character and writing a song for him. But the artistic council refused the services of the disgraced bard and actor. The "voice" of the wolf was Anatoly Papanov, who also did an excellent job. And yet justice, at least a little, but triumphed. In one of the episodes, climbing the rope, the wolf whistles the tune of a song about a friend. It was written by Vysotsky and sounded in the film "Vertical", where Vladimir Semenovich was filmed.
Faina Ranevskaya, who voiced Freken Bok in the cartoon about Carlson, flatly refused to say the words "Darling, dear ..." at the end of the "Carlson has returned" series. This ending seemed to her too sugary, moreover, "overheard" from her heroine from the film "Spring". The authors of the cartoon could only agree. Although later they cheated, and the words "dear, dear!" were still recorded. Only in the voice of the editor R. Frichinskaya, who perfectly fell into the tone of Faina Georgievna.
Mouse Mickey Mouse could not be called Mickey, but Mortimer. At least that was the name that Walt Disney liked.
The cartoon about Uncle Styopa has lain on the shelf for more than 20 years by an absurd accident. During the final viewing, the censors noticed that Stepan Stepanov was reading a newspaper with a clear headline "Pravda", but apart from the headline, there was nothing else on the page. “Aha, so our press does not write the truth!” - the commission was offended and did not allow the cartoon to the viewer.
The longest-running animated series on American television is The Simpsons, which has been running non-stop since 1989. During this time, fans of Homer Simpson and his family saw more than 400 episodes. By the way, the newspaper newspaper L`Osservatore Romano, published in the Vatican, considers the Simpson family to be zealous Catholics. On the basis that they pray before
Do you know how and when cartoons appeared?
IN late XIX century there were no TVs, no computers, no smartphones, no tablets. They haven't been invented yet. But there were such devices as zootrope, magic lantern, thaumatrope, daedaleum and others.
These devices actuated a series of successive images, creating the illusion of movement. At first they were used in entertainment shows, for creating special effects and as toys.
On October 28, 1892, in Paris, the French inventor Emile Reynaud surprised the audience with a new, previously unseen entertainment - the Optical Theatre.
In front of an astonished audience, with the help of an optical device, he demonstrated "Glowing Pantomimes".
And it all started like this...
All the same Emil Raynaud in 1877 designed a device - a praxinoscope. He looked like this. A tape with 8 or 12 pictures was placed on the inside of the rotating cylinder. In the center is a row of small mirrors. When the cylinder was set in motion, each picture was reflected in the mirror and the effect of smooth movement arose.
Comedy sketches created by Emile Reynaud were very popular at the time.
The first traditional cartoon is considered "Humorous phases funny faces". It was created in 1906 by the Anglo-American film director
J. Stuart Blackton.Thanks to stop-motion shooting, he combined the art of graphics with the technique of cinema.
And the first cartoon character that became famous all over the world is Felix the cat from the film by the American screenwriter and artist Otto Messmer "The Adventures of Felix".
Over the years of development, animation has appeared various techniques her creations. One of oldest species- hand-drawn animation.
Initially, each frame was drawn separately. It was a very long and laborious process, so they came up with a layered technique.
Heroes and scenery were drawn on transparent films and superimposed on each other.
To do this, they first developed the movements of the characters, then drew the details with a pencil on tracing paper and transferred the drawings to celluloid.
The resulting frames were painted and photographed one by one.
Another one oldest technique- silhouette animation.
For cartoon paper or thick fabric cut out flat figures. Then they move in each frame and are filmed on camera.
For example, one of the famous domestic cartoons shot in this way - "Lefty" (1964).
Puppet animation appeared in Russia in 1906.
balletmEister Alexander Shiryaev createdal the world's first domestic puppet cartoonilm, in which 12 dancing figures participate.
They say h then during its creation, the author rubbed a hole in the parquet with his feet, because he constantly walked from the camera to the scenery and back.
Puppet and plasticine animation is well known to everyone. Here, voluminous characters are set against the backdrop of scenery and photographed. After each frame in the scene, the pose of the hero changes.
The first plasticine cartoons appeared in 1908 in the USA.
In animation, there are also such techniques as “painting on glass” - this is when an artist draws slowly drying oil paint on a glass surface, each time adding new strokes right in front of the camera; "cameraless animation" - when the artist does not photograph images, but draws them directly on film, black or colorless;or “powder animation”, where materials such as sand, salt, coffee, spices are poured onto illuminated glass in thin layers, creating a drawing with hands or a brush and transferring its image to the screen.
Today, computer technology is increasingly being used to create cartoons.
3D animation. Scenes are modeled in three-dimensional space on a computer,
and the figures have a virtual skeleton.
The first such feature-length cartoon was Toy Story (1995).
In our country, the largest animation studio appeared in 1936. It was called Soyuzdetmultfilm, and later became Soyuzmultfilm.
Here was created the first Russian animated series "Well, you wait!".
You can get acquainted with the history of animation at the Moscow Museum of Animation.
Its collection contains more than five thousand exhibits, video screens in the halls demonstrate unique materials, collected by the museum, there is a cinema hall for children, where cartoons are filmed and shown.
DIY cartoon
Take a notebook and a pencil. Think about who you want to portray.
For example, it will be a walking man.
On the first page - the initial frame - it stands.
On the next - a little raised right leg and left hand.
On the third - even higher, then the leg is bent at the knee, and the arm is at the elbow, and so on. On each page, you need to consistently depict all the parts of the movements that the hero makes while walking.
When the last frame is ready, you can quickly scroll through the pages and see how the little man moves.
Your first cartoon is ready!
Some interesting facts about cartoons:
Mickey Mouse
Walt Disney, creator of Mickey Mouse, was afraid of mice.
Mickey Mouse received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
The Walt Disney Company is fighting to keep copyright on Mickey Mouse, which is estimated to be worth more than US$3 billion in 2008.
Due to the company's activities aimed at periodically extending the terms of copyright protection, Mickey Mouse did not enter the public domain by 2008.
Scrooge McDuck
In 2007, Glasgow City Council included Scrooge McDuck in the list of prominent citizens.
Scrooge McDuck topped the 15 richest list in 2007 fictional characters according to Forbes magazine.
shrek
When recording the lines of the characters, the actors never met - each of them worked separately, and the assistant said the lines of their partners.
Donkey's movements in the film were modeled after the movements of a dog by the animators - with the exception of the chase scene at the beginning of the film, in which Donkey's movements were modeled after those of a rabbit.
Winnie the Pooh
In the Soviet cartoon, Winnie the Pooh was voiced by Yevgeny Leonov. To achieve greater comedy, the artist's speech was sped up by about 30%. If you reduce the speed by this value, you can hear the usual Leonov.
Wait for it!
His famous hairstyle and characteristic appearance The wolf acquired only in the second issue of the cartoon. In the first issue, his hairstyle and appearance differs from the version familiar to the audience.
The wolf can play the guitar (as well as the harp, albeit in a dream) and sing in a hoarse voice in the manner of Vysotsky. Dancing foolishly. Competently skiing and skating. Poorly drives a car and a motorcycle. It is much better controlled with a truck crane, harvester and other similar mechanisms.
Return of the Prodigal Parrot
The plot of the cartoon child psychologists use to resolve conflict situations with teenagers.
Parrot Kesha has long been a commercial brand that is actively promoted by copyright holders and pirates.
So, video games were created (for example, "Freedom for parrots!" and "Kesha in the world of fairy tales"), coloring books, etc.
The popularity of the cartoon prompted A. Kurlyandsky to write a book, which included the stories “Have you been to Tahiti?”, “And they feed us well here too!” and "Lovely!"
Once upon a time there was a dog
A bronze monument to the Wolf weighing about 200 kg was erected in
Tomsk in 2005.
The authors are foundry worker Maxim Petrov and consultant artist Leonty Usov.
The wolf can say eight phrases (“I’ll sing right now!”, “God help me!”, "Well, you come in, if anything!" and etc.).
The creators of the film tell the features of the creation of the Wolf character. At first, in the cartoon, he was not drawn as we know him.
However, when A. Dzhigarkhanyan dubbed the role of this hero, it turned out that the depicted character did not fit the voice of the actor, after which the Wolf was redrawn, and the cartoon character appeared, whom the viewer saw.
Ratatouille
Remy has 1.15 million hairs, while Colette has 115 thousand hairs. The average person has about 110,000 hairs.
To create a realistic view of the garbage heap, the artists photographed and examined the actual products of decay.
Fifteen various kinds foods such as apples, berries, bananas, mushrooms, oranges, broccoli and lettuce were left to rot and then photographed.
During the initial character design, the sculptor created nine Remy clay sculptures.
The cartoon was nominated for 5 Oscar nominations, including Best Animated Film in 2007.
Kozlov S. Favorite fairy tales - cartoons: fairy tales and poems. - Moscow: AST, 2006. - 176 p.: ill.
Lagerlef S. Niels' wonderful journey with wild geese. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2003. - 224 p.: ill.
Livanov V. The Bremen Town Musicians/ V. Livanov, Y. Entin. - Samovar, 1997. - 100 p.: ill.
Milne A. Winnie the Pooh and All-all-all: fairy tale/ A. Miln, B. Zakhoder - Moscow: AST, 2000.- 384 p.: ill.
Siemens A. 101 Dalmatians. - Moscow: Strekozapress, 2002. - 80s.: Ill.
Auster G. Tales-cartoons G. Oster: fairy tales. - Moscow: Astrel, 2007. - 240 p.: ill.
Tom and Jerry: a fairy tale. - Minsk: Literature, 1995. - 288 p.: ill.
Uspensky E. Gena the crocodile and his friends: a fairy tale story. - Moscow: Astrel, 2011. - 144 pp.: ill.
Murzilka in the Animation Museum // Murzilka - 2015 - No. 8 - p.20 - 21.
Photo source: www.newsru.com, allmir.net, natural-colours.livejournal.com, www.ottomessmer.com, multpult.net, kinoprobafest.com, planetakino.ua, serovglobus.ru, www.esky.ru.
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How to learn to draw. We draw the Little Mermaid.
