Winnie the Pooh post. Winnie the Pooh: the story of how the famous bear became ours

Who wrote the English Winnie the Pooh

Author original fairy tale about winnie the pooh— Alan Alexander Milne. This is an English writer, born in 1882 in London. His father was the owner private school, and the boy himself studied with Herbert Wells. During the First World War, Milne was at the front, served as an officer. And in 1920 he had a son - Christopher Robin. It was for him that the writer wrote a series of fairy tales about a bear cub. As a prototype of the bear, the author used the image teddy bear Christopher, and the boy became the prototype of himself. By the way, Christopher's bear was called Edward - as full name"Teddy", a teddy bear, but then he renamed and named the familiar character of the book, after a bear from a local zoo. The rest of the characters are also Christopher's toys, bought by his father as a gift, or donated by neighbors, like Piglet. The donkey, by the way, did not really have a tail. It was torn off by Christopher during the games.

Milne wrote his fairy tale in 1925 and published it in 1926, although the image of the bear appeared on August 21, 1921, on his son's first birthday. After this book, there were many more works, but none of them became as popular as the story about the bear.

Who wrote the Russian Winnie the Pooh

On July 13, 1960, the Russian version of Winnie the Pooh was signed for publication. And in 1958, the Murzilka magazine published a story about the Mishka-Plyukh for the first time. Who wrote the Russian Winnie the Pooh? Children's writer and translator Boris Zakhoder. It is this author who owns the translations of the story about the bear "with sawdust in his head." Naturally, it was not just a translation, but an adaptation of the image English characters in the Soviet way. The author also added figurative speech to the hero. In the original, of course, there were no nozzles, chants and puffers. Moreover, in the first version, the book was called "Winnie the Pooh and all the rest," and then it acquired the familiar name "Winnie the Pooh and all, all, all." Interestingly, the country's main children's publishing house refused to publish this fairy tale, so the author turned to the new publishing house " Child's world”, which later became its first publisher. The illustrations were drawn by various artists. One of them, Viktor Chizhikov, drew another famous bear - the Olympic one. By the way, for the first fee received from the release of the book, Zakhoder bought Moskvich.

screenwriter Soviet cartoon, of course, was Boris Zakhoder. Fedor Khitruk acted as director. Work on the cartoon began in the late 1960s. The film adaptation included 3 episodes, although it was originally planned to draw all the chapters of the book. This happened due to the fact that Zakhoder and Khitruk could not agree on how the final result. For example, the Russian author did not want to portray the main character as a fat bear cub, because the original toy was thin. He did not agree with the character of the hero, who, in his opinion, should be poetic, and not cheerful, jumping and stupid. And Khitruk wanted to shoot an ordinary children's story about funny animals. The main character was voiced by Yevgeny Leonov, the Piglet was voiced by Iya Savvina, and the donkey was voiced by Erast Garin, the music for Winnie the Pooh was written by Moses Weinberg. The script of the cartoon was somewhat different from the book, although it was as close as possible to it, but it was 20 phrases from the script that were included in colloquial speech Soviet viewers, and are still used by both the old and the new generation.

Disney cartoon

In 1929, Milne sold the rights to use the image of Winnie the Pooh to producer Stephen Slesinger. He released several performances on records, and after his death, in 1961, the producer's widow resold it to the Disney studio. The studio released several episodes of the cartoon based on the book, and then took up independent creativity, coming up with a scenario "on my own". This greatly displeased the Milne family because they felt that neither the plot nor even the style of the animated series conveyed the spirit of the book. But thanks to this film adaptation, the image of Winnie the Pooh has become popular all over the world, and now it is used on a par with Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters.

Popularity in the world

The popularity of the story and its characters does not fade away. The collection of stories has been translated into dozens of languages. In Oxfordshire, they still hold the Trivia Championship - participants throw sticks into the water and follow the one who sailed to the finish line first. And in honor of the main character, several streets around the world are named. Monuments to this bear stand in the center of London, in the zoo and in the Moscow region. Winnie the Pooh is also depicted on stamps, not only of our countries, but also of 16 more. And the original toys from which the heroes were described are still kept in the US Museum, but the UK is trying to take them home.

Dmitry Galkovsky 25.04.2016

Dmitry Galkovsky 25.04.2016

Like many children's writers, Alan Milne, author of the famous "Winnie the Pooh", did not consider himself a children's writer. During his life, he wrote a lot of "adult" novels, novellas, short stories and plays - mostly they were love stories, detectives and humorous works. Like other English writers of the era of imperialism, Milne was a man of service, that is, he was a member of the local writers' organization, where state agitators read reports, adopted resolutions, and elected each other in all kinds of commissions and committees. Well, they knocked on each other - all the writers' unions and clubs in the United Kingdom were tightly supervised by the security agencies. Like Soviet Union Writers - in the image of English writers' organizations and created.

During the First World War, Milne was mobilized to the front, but then, through the efforts of friends in the literary workshop, he was transferred to Mi-7, a British secret police unit engaged in propaganda, censorship and surveillance of foreigners. What he did there is not entirely clear. Probably, the case was limited to writing anti-German propaganda (Milne was a member of the editorial board of the British "Crocodile" - the magazine "Punch"). In a series of similar notes, for example, it was proved that the Germans make soap from people - however, then not Jews yet, but their own soldiers who fell on the battlefield. What to do - military propaganda. Such a service gave Milne an officer's rank and, at the same time, a "booking" from the front line.

As an open scoundrel and paid informer, Milne established himself much later - during the Second World War. In 1940, after the occupation of France by the Germans, the English writer Pelam Grenville Woodhouse, who lived there, was interned. Woodhouse was sent to a displaced persons camp, where he made a series of radio broadcasts about local life - in a tone as skeptical of the Nazis as censorship made it possible. The Germans allowed these broadcasts to show how mild and tolerant the Nazi regime was compared to that of the English monarchy. The Nazi plan was a complete success. The broadcasts caused a storm of hatred in the ruling circles of Great Britain, and hired scribblers were ordered to portray Wodehouse as a traitor, a liar and a "Goebbels puppet". The company of persecution was headed by British intelligence captain Alan Milne. Woodhouse was soon released by the Germans and left for France, from where he moved to the United States after the war. The British authorities gradually abandoned their accusations, and then actually apologized to the undeservedly offended writer. In 1975, 93-year-old Woodhouse was awarded the Order of the British Empire.

Woodhouse, unlike Milne, was really a good writer. Let me remind you that he is the author famous series novels about Jeeves and Woostor. But leading role it was not this that played into his rehabilitation, and not the fact that he enjoyed extraordinary popularity in America (of which he became a citizen in 1955), but the fact that Woodhouse was a British aristocrat. Therefore, he was entrusted with poisoning him to a petty service woman, Milne, the neat son of the headmaster. At the same time, many writers were allowed to withdraw from the campaign and even come out with a moderate defense of Wodehouse.

As a result, by the end of the war, Milne's reputation among his colleagues was badly tarnished, and Woodhouse himself made the author of "Winnie the Pooh" the target of caustic literary parodies.

He had every reason for this. Milne is a slightly below average writer, and Winnie the Pooh is a self-sabotaging book.

For a children's book, it is very complex compositionally, for an adult - this complexity is not justified, not explained, and not agreed upon. As a result, adults do not read it, and in children, reading, despite interesting scenes, causes general bewilderment and headache. Let me remind you that in "Winnie the Pooh" the story is told on behalf of the boy's father, who tells his son stories with his toys, at the same time these toys, turned into characters, interact directly with the boy, and, finally, live outside of this communication in a special toy world. And to top it all off, Milne claims it's all a dream. Creating such a complex literary space good job For adult book written by the master. But Winnie the Pooh is written for children and written by an English literary clerk. Milne did not even realize the scale of the task he set for himself, and all the "literary babylons" of the story are due to the elementary pettiness of the author.

This is not entirely clear to the Russian reader, since we are familiar with the talented translation of Boris Zakhoder, who shortened the book by removing absurdities and lengths, as well as introducing a number of successful jokes and puns. For example, Winnipukhov's "puffers-sniffers" are not Milne, but Zakhoder, Piglet's famous question "How does heffalump love piglets?" - Same.

However, Milne himself has many such puns - this is the basis of the tedious humor of the English. Which has one drawback - the British joke all the time, so their humor often looks out of place. Or, to use a more precise word, useless.

In general, for a foreign reader in the English-language "Winnie the Pooh" there are many discouraging details. For example, Winnie in the transcription of the author ("Winnie ») This female name, like the Russian "Viki". Then the author constantly certifies Winnie as a "bear cub with a very small brain." For a child, this is an insult to a beloved character. And there are a lot of such mistakes in Milne's fairy tale.

Such flaws are caused by the writer's deafness of the author, which leads to primitive realism.

Why is Winnie the Pooh called Winnie? But because this is the name of a bear (more precisely, a bear) in London Zoo, which Milne's son named the teddy bear. And why is the boy (completely NOT REQUIRED in the book) named Christopher Robin? But because this is again the real name of the only son of Milne.

This name, by the way, is wild for the English ear, sounding the same as for Russians the names "Menelaus" or "Sysy". Did Milne love his son? (Which, at least humanly, explained the introduction of an extra character into the fairy tale.) Good question which I will try to answer a little later.

Let's ask another question first:

- Why did England become the country of CHILDREN'S classical literature?

Most likely, because England is a bone-breaking, repressive, prison country, and the child reader reads what they picked up. Him own opinion no, or it is not articulated. What a child should read is determined by adults - and if children receive interesting children's books, it is only thanks to tact and understanding of child psychology on the part of adults. The nation of zoologists and travelers certainly has both. But the English also have many other things: for example, a tendency to torture and coercion, emotional coldness, idiocy, intellectual charlatanism.

A children's book is quite easy to push into bestsellers - children, as bonded beings, will diligently read anything, not really thinking about the true level of the author, "offered to their attention." Therefore, in the world adult literature of outstanding authors, the British have 10% percent, but in children's literature 50%.

For the same reason, English children's books benefit a lot when moved to another cultural context and when translated into other languages. Flaws and inconsistencies are leveled by a high-quality translation, and in addition, foreign readers forgive a lot or take it personally:“probably we misunderstood something”, “English specifics should be taken into account” . When adult literature low quality can be checked by the degree of reader interest. But in the case of children's literature, adult writers decide for unintelligent readers. And they make this decision, especially in the case of foreign literature, guided by criteria far from objectivity. For example, making an adjustment for the special “childishness” of his texts, allegedly imitated by the author. Or, mistakenly considering the popularity of a CHILDREN'S book in its homeland as a reliable sign of a high artistic level.

If you look at it, the extraordinary success of "Winnie the Pooh" is due not so much to the properties of the text as to three "accompanying circumstances".

Firstly, immediately after the publication, Milne managed, through connections in the "Writers' Union", to organize the reading of the book on the radio. Radio was to 1925 what television was to 1965—the book received wild publicity.

Secondly, five years later, the book, already promoted in England, was sold by Milne for commercial use to the Americans, and they released a series of performance records dubbed by professional actors on the colossal American market. (It must be said that in the format of an audio play, Milne's book, replete with dialogue, wins a lot).

Finally, thirdly, in the early 60s, Disney bought the rights to Winnie the Pooh and turned the fairy tale into a popular animated series - the rank of Tom and Jerry. Although there was little left of Milne's book (up to the introduction of new characters), this finally introduced the English bear cub into the pantheon of heroes of world children's classics.

As for Russia, the popularity of Winnie the Pooh in our country, even greater than in the West, is caused by other reasons (although essentially the same).

Due to the natural Anglophilia of Soviet children's literature, coming from Chukovsky and Marshak, the translation of fragments of Winnie the Pooh appeared even under Stalin. And in the late 50s, following the wave of popularity of Milne's book in Eastern Europe, in the USSR they began to publish Zakhoder's translation in mass editions.

But the people's favorite "Winnie the Pooh" became after the series short cartoons, released by Fyodor Khitruk in 1969-1972. Khitruk threw out the ridiculous Christopher Robin and other nonsense from the book, and for 40 minutes did for Milne what he tried to write on 400 pages, but never wrote: a series of funny, ironic and at the same time not so simple stories designed for both children and adults. Milne's humor, undoubtedly present in the book, was preserved and enhanced by Khitruk, and the characters are clearly drawn. It was Khitruk who created the finished image of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, which is much better and more interesting than both English and American version. Khitruk himself described his character as follows:

“Winnie the Pooh is constantly filled with some kind of grandiose plans, too complex and cumbersome for those trifling things that he is going to undertake, so plans collapse when they come into contact with reality. He constantly gets into trouble, but not out of stupidity, but because his world does not coincide with reality. In this I see the comic of his character and actions. Of course, he loves to eat, but that's not the point."

Russian cartoons have made excellent from Milnovsky remnant children's work- with a clear plot, memorable characters, and even excellent clumsy verses.

Zakhoder's poems, written for the cartoon and beautifully performed by Yevgeny Leonov, are much better than Milson's stupid nonsense, which is impossible to read in Russian under any sauce.

Compare perky:

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world!

That is why he sings these Songs aloud!

And no matter what he's doing

If he doesn't get fat,

But he will not get fat,

And, on the contrary,

By-

hu-

deet!

And this is the Milnsian slur:

King,

His Majesty,

Her Majesty asked

To her majesty

I asked the dairymaid:

Is it possible to deliver oils

For breakfast to the king.

court milkmaid

She said: - Of course,

I'm going to tell the cow

Until I sleep!

It is hard to imagine a child (and even more so an adult) who would voluntarily, without trustee recommendations, memorize, and then read by heart the cutesy loyal nonsense of the captain of the British literary troops.

However, let's talk about the son of Milne, for whom the fairy tale about Winnie the Pooh was supposedly written.

The English torment of Christopher Robin (a person, not a character) began with the fact that he had the audacity to be born a boy, which caused outrage from selfish parents. Both father and mother did not pay any attention to their son, going about their business, raising a child was the duty of a maid. In the end, the mother abandoned the family altogether. There are a number of staged photographs of little Christopher with loving parents and toys. In all these photographs, the boy looks sad or confused.

Christopher Robin was given a double name because his parents could not agree. At the same time, the selfish father believed that his name was more important, and the selfish mother believed that the situation was exactly the opposite. Therefore, among themselves, the child was called "Billy", but only at home, so that at school they would not think that someone had argued with someone.

Already from such a "philosophy of the name" it is clear that English parents the boy was deeply concerned. Christopher-Robin was bullied by classmates for being Christopher-Robin, and "Winnie the Pooh" turned a stay in an English school (essentially, a military school with chittering youngsters and legalized beatings) into hell. Milne Sr. did not read his fairy tales to his son, Christopher Robin himself hated them, and read (listened to the record) at the age of 60.

Among other things, father Milne was a devout ideological Freemason, and forbade his son to be baptized. At the same time, the nanny, who alone took care of the child, was religious and taught Christopher to pray. Religiosity little boy became another reason for bullying by classmates. In the future, due to the lack of a normal upbringing, porridge formed in the head of poor Christopher, and he married his cousin. The consequence of this marriage was the birth of a daughter with serious genetic abnormalities.

Interestingly, his wife also hated "Winnie the Pooh" and in the bookstore that they both kept, this book was not for sale. Although I used in great demand and due to natural advertising, could bring a large profit to the family.

In his declining years, Christopher Robin wrote a memoir, where he bitterly complained about his father's insensitivity and the fact that he turned him into a character in his ridiculous book.

Although the main character of Milne's fairy tale is the resilient sanguine Winnie the Pooh, the character of Christopher Robin, a neurotic child who was raised as a girl, is most similar to Piglet.

True, Piglets grow up in a fairy-tale life. It seems that Christopher Robin has grown into a decent pig, and his literary complaints about his father are largely dictated by envy of a writer who was inadvertently warmed by fame from a naturally insignificant writer.

The Russian-language Wikipedia is touched by the cultural hipster fairy tale "Made in England":

“The book recreates the atmosphere of universal love and care, a “normal”, protected childhood, without pretensions to solve adult problems, which greatly contributed to the later popularity of this book in the USSR, including the decision of Boris Zakhoder to translate this book. "Winnie the Pooh" reflects the family life of the British middle class in the 1920s, later resurrected by Christopher Robin in his memoirs to understand the context in which the tale arose.

This is the beautiful-hearted chatter of the feeble-minded children of perestroika. In reality, in accordance with the traditions of the "family life of the British middle class", 35-year-old Christopher Robin approached his 65-year-old mother, who came from America, at his father's funeral, and hissed:“When will you die, old b…” . She, again in the spirit of tradition, did not reach into her pocket for an answer, and gave her son a penny with her fist. An ugly scene ensued. Currently, the heirs of the deceased Christopher Robin are trying to sue billions from the Disney studio, using his paralyzed daughter as a battering ram. All this "Anglo-American cultural dialogue" takes place against the backdrop of teddy bears, runaways, and museums of Christopher Robin's childhood.

Speaking of runaways.

Winnie the bear, who gave the name to Christopher Robin's teddy bear, was a conspicuous element of chauvinistic British propaganda. According to official legend, the bear was brought to England in 1914 by Canadian "volunteers", who named her after the Canadian state of Winnipeg. The "volunteers" themselves went to die on western front, and the bear was left to the London Zoo - to the delight of the local kids. What children then 20 years old were talking about in the local October and pioneer press (let's not forget that England is the birthplace of the scout movement).

No less remarkable is the story of the teddy bear. Teddy bear, which served as a prototype classic illustrations to "Winnie the Pooh" was created in America and named after President Theodore Roosevelt, who, according to the loyalist legend of the imperialist agitprop, allegedly refused to shoot a little bear cub while hunting. (In fact, on the contrary, he ordered to kill a half-dead bear tied to a tree).

We already know about the true biography of the great lovers of children of the "children's" writer Milne.

To complete the picture, it is worth adding that with Khitruk, too, not everything is simple. During the war, he worked in the NKVD as a radio interceptor, and after the war he served as a military translator in occupied Germany. And the mother of the merry fellow Zakhoder, when her son was 14 years old, committed suicide by drinking acetic acid.

In this context, "Winnipuhiada" certainly has its own charm. Given that WHAT was an adult alternative to children's literary nonsense.

"Winnie the Pooh" - a fairy tale of the militaristic era with margarine on cards and "trench truth". Yes, written by an informer who does not love his son and who is trying to hide in children's "children's literature" from the disgusting and vile reality: with the howling of sirens and bombings. Therefore, if you look closely, there is a hysterical strain in the Winnie-the-Pooh nonsense - when they plug their ears and do not want to know what everyone knows. Here is a fairy tale that sprouted on the meager Soviet soil, where this pan-European problem was elevated to an absolute. In this sense, the Russian-language encyclopedia, in general, is right. Only the wording needs to be slightly edited:

“Winnie the Pooh reflects fantasies about the illusory family life of the neurotic middle class of Europeans in the 10-50s of the XX century"

In general, as the Soviet rhyme of the era of stagnation, quite worthy of Wodehouse's pen, said:

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world

He has a wife and children - he is a burdock.

1. History of one of the most famous fairy tale characters XX century winnie the pooh began on August 21, 1921, when the writer Alan Alexander Milne gave his son Christopher Robin a teddy bear for his birthday. Christopher Robin is one year old today.

In fairness, it must be said that this day is a very conditional birthday of Winnie the Pooh. Own name Teddy bear acquired only a few years later, when Christopher Robin grew up. Therefore, Winnie the Pooh also has a second birthday - October 14, 1926, when the first separate book about a teddy bear and his friends was released.

2. The history of the name Winnie the Pooh is described in some detail in Milne's book. However, about the bear Winnipeg, who gave the first part of the name to the beloved bear cub, should be said especially. Kept at the London Zoo in the early 1920s, the bear was previously the mascot (living symbol) of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps, based around Winnipeg. Winnipeg entered the army as a bear cub when 27-year-old regimental veterinarian Lieutenant Harry Colborne bought her out for $20.

To the first world war Together with her unit, Winnipeg ended up in London, but, of course, no one sent her to the battlefield - the beast was left in the London Zoo. The bear was so fond of the English children that Winnipeg was left in London even after the war. In 1924, Alan Alexander Milne brought his son Christopher Robin to see Winnipeg for the first time. The boy liked the bear so much that on the same day his teddy bear was named Winnie.

In 1981, 61-year-old Christopher Robin Milne unveiled a monument to his friend, the Winnipeg bear, at the London Zoo.

At the same time, Winnie the Pooh has another name - Edward, which is full form from the traditional English nickname all teddy bears- Teddy.

3. Alan Alexander Milne's books grew out of oral histories that the writer told his son. However, most of the characters and locations in the Winnie the Pooh stories are genuine.

The well-known Hundred-Acre Forest, or Fairy Forest, was actually the 500-acre Ashdown Forest near the Cochford farm in East Sussex, bought in 1925 by the Milne family. In the book about Winnie the Pooh, you can read a completely realistic description of the forest in which the real Christopher Robin Milne really loved to play.

Piglet was actually Christopher Robin's toy given to him by his neighbors, and donkey Eeyore, like Winnie himself, was a gift from his parents. This toy was deprived of a tail by Christopher Robin himself during the games, which was the reason for Milne Sr. to make the donkey the most gloomy and dull hero.

Kanga with Baby Roo and Tigger, which appear somewhat later in the stories about Winnie the Pooh, were bought by Christopher Robin's parents on purpose to diversify the stories.

The only ones that Christopher Robin didn't have were the Owl and the Rabbit, which is why they appear in the stories as real animals, not toys.

4. In total, Alan Alexander Milne wrote two books about the adventures of Winnie the Pooh - "Winnie the Pooh", published in 1926, and "The House at Pooh Corner", which was released in 1928. The author dedicated both books to his wife and mother. son of Daphne Selincourt.

Each of the books consists of 10 chapters, each of which, in turn, is a separate complete story. In addition, Winnie the Pooh appears in two books of Milne's children's poems, published in 1924 and 1927.

5. The story of Alan Alexander Milne is similar to that of other English writer -Arthur Conan Doyle. Conan Doyle didn't count the story Sherlock Holmes the most successful in his work, and the incredible popularity of the detective over time began to be perceived with frank hostility.

Alan Alexander Milne, before the appearance of books about Winnie the Pooh, collaborated with the English humor magazine Punch, and was considered a fairly well-known playwright who wrote serious plays for adults. However, after Winnie the Pooh, Milne began to be perceived solely as children's writer which the author himself considered insulting and unfair. However, Milne Sr. could not do anything about it - today from his creative heritage known only to Winnie the Pooh.

6. In 1929, Alan Alexander Milne sold the commercial rights to exploit the image of Winnie the Pooh. producer Steven Slesinger. The producer released several popular performances about Winnie the Pooh. The bear came to the big screen after Slesinger's widow resold the rights to Winnie the Pooh to the studio in 1961. Disney. After releasing several cartoons directly from the book, later the Disney masters began to invent their own stories. Interestingly, the Milne family and, first of all, Christopher Robin Milne, who believed that the style and plots of the film had nothing to do with the spirit of his father's book, were extremely negative towards the work of American animators.

7. The history of "Winnie the Pooh" in the USSR began in 1958, when a 20-year-old Lithuanian writer Virgilijus Chepaitis published his translation based on Polish translation Irena Tuwim.

In the same 1958, he met Winnie the Pooh Boris Zakhoder, who was to create the canonical Russian version of the adventures of Winnie the Pooh. It is interesting that the book was treated with suspicion: the main children's publishing house of the USSR, Detgiz, refused it, and the newly created publishing house Detsky Mir risked publishing Zakhoder's translation.

In the canonical Russian version, unlike the original, there are only 18 chapters. Zakhoder himself did not hide the fact that his translation of Milne is very free. For example, in the original Winnie the Pooh is not so creative personality, like Zakhoder's - Chants, Howlers, Noise Makers, Puffers were invented by a Soviet writer.

8. The first and classic for the British illustrations for books about Winnie the Pooh created artist Ernest Shepard, former colleague Alan Alexander Milne of Punch magazine and his army colleague during the First World War.

It is curious that Shepard drew Christopher Robin from the real son of Milne, but the teddy bear of the artist's son became the prototype of Winnie the Pooh.

Shepard, like Milne Sr., was soon disappointed - the teddy bear's insane popularity overshadowed all his other works.

The first illustrations for the Russian translation by Zakhoder were created by artist Alisa Poret, student of the greatest Petrova-Vodkina. The illustrations are also well known. Edward Nazarov- the artist who created the Soviet animated Winnie the Pooh.

Another famous illustrator of domestic Winnie artist Viktor Chizhikov, which is the "father" of another bear - the mascot of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.

9. Work on the Soviet animated film adaptation of Winnie the Pooh began in the late 1960s. Boris Zakhoder became the screenwriter of cartoons, and the famous Fedor Khitruk. In total, three cartoons were released, although initially it was supposed to make films for all the chapters of the book. The reason for abandoning this idea was the conflicts between Zakhoder and Khitruk - each of these has an unusual talented people it turned out that they had their own vision of what Winnie the Pooh should be, and they failed to agree among themselves.

Nevertheless, the filmed three cartoons gained incredible popularity. Not in last turn this was due to the actors who were brought in to voice the characters. Winnie the Pooh was entrusted Evgeny Leonov, which after this cartoon became for Soviet citizens "the honored Winnie the Pooh of the USSR", Piglet - inimitable Ie Savvina, and the donkey Eeyore was voiced by the patriarch domestic cinema Erast Garin. For Erast Garin, who once brilliantly played the King in Cinderella, Eeyore became one of the last and one of the most memorable works in his career.

It is estimated that at least 20 phrases from the Soviet film adaptation of Winnie the Pooh entered the colloquial speech of Russians, and the cartoon characters themselves became heroes of jokes on a par with Stirlitz And Vasily Ivanovich.

10. The popularity of Winnie the Pooh in the world knows no bounds: in Poland, at least in three cities, the streets are named after him, and the image of the teddy bear is imprinted on the stamps of at least 18 countries around the world. In 1958, the Winnie the Pooh book was translated into Latin language, and in 1982 composer Olga Petrova based on the plot, Milna wrote an opera about Winnie the Pooh. Authentic Christopher Robin toys are today one of the New York Public Library's most prized children's items. In the UK itself, many find these toys in the US considered a loss. cultural heritage and occasionally campaign for the return of Winnie the Pooh to his homeland. In 1998, the question of the return of Winnie the Pooh was discussed even in the English Parliament.

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  © Commons.wikimedia.org / Howard Coster
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• © Commons.wikimedia.org / Illustration by Ernest Shepard for the first separate edition stories about Winnie the Pooh
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Genre: Cartoon. A color-drawn cartoon about Winnie the Pooh and all his cute friends, created by English writer Alexander Milne.
The roles were voiced by:Evgeny Leonov , Vladimir Osenev,Iya Savvina, Erast Garin, Zinaida Naryshkina, Anatoly Schukin
Director: Fedor Khitruk
Writers:Boris Zakhoder, Fedor Khitruk
Operator: N. Klimova
Composer:Moses (Mechislav) Weinberg
Artists:Eduard Nazarov, Vladimir Zuykov
Year of issue: 1969, 1971, 1972

Who doesn't know Winnie the Pooh? This kind, touching fat man, with sometimes hooligan manners, is known and loved almost ... yes, almost ... Absolutely EVERYONE loves him!

"Winnie the Pooh"

The first cartoon about the adventures of Winnie and his friends was released on the screens of our country back in 1969. Since then, the songs and phrases from this cartoon have become our national treasure, and Winnie the Pooh himself, without exaggeration, can be called a domestic "national hero".

How did Winnie the Pooh

Everyone knows that Winnie the Pooh bear is a native English-speaking character, "a favorite brainchild" English writer A. Milna. The Englishman was inspired by the idea of ​​writing down the stories he told his son at bedtime. The main characters of those fairy tales were the writer's son himself - Christopher Robin and his teddy bear - Winnie the Pooh.

"Winnie the Pooh"

In 1961, based on Milne's book, American animators created the world's first cartoons about Winnie the Pooh and his friends. A book about funny adventures Pooh and his friends were joyfully received by the kids of the whole world.

The creative team of Soyuzmultfilm also could not ignore the fairy tale so popular in Soviet families. And a group of animators began to create the famous domestic trilogy of adventures of a bear cub.

From m / f "Winnie the Pooh" - In the head of my sawdust! Yes Yes Yes!

Soviet animators created new images of characters, as far as possible from their American counterparts. Charming bumpkin Pooh, a small but very brave piglet Piglet, an ever-depressing donkey Eeyore, an economic Rabbit and a wise, but sometimes boring Owl.

"Winnie the Pooh"

"Dandelion" Pooh and "sausage" Piglet

Oh, and our animators have suffered, creating their characters. Winnie the Pooh was the first to draw the artist Vladimir Zuykov. The first pancake turned out to be a “lump”: the bear’s fur stuck out in different sides. Sharp-tongued artists immediately dubbed him "the enraged dandelion." Pooh's nose was shifted to one side, and looking at his ears gave the impression that someone had chewed them well.

"Winnie the Pooh"

Everyone had to thoroughly work on the image of Winnie: the artists, the director, and the directors, and even the actor Evgeny Leonov, who voiced the bear, took part in creating the character's appearance. The bear cub was saved from the "increased" shaggyness, the muzzle was also put in order. But they still decided to leave one ear slightly “chewed”.

Director Fyodor Khitruk explained it this way: Winnie the Pooh has a crumpled ear because he sleeps on it. And some of his "signature" features, for example, a clumsy gait, when the upper paw goes in the same direction as the lower one, Winnie the Pooh acquired by accident, due to some technical errors of the animators.

"Winnie the Pooh"

How Pooh was voiced

The director of the film, Fyodor Khitruk, recalled that he also had a lot of difficulties when choosing actors to voice the main characters of the cartoons about Winnie the Pooh.
Many actors tried to voice Pooh, but no one came up. Yevgeny Leonov's voice also at first seemed very low and did not suit the director.

But the sound engineer came up with a way out of this situation. He quickened his voice a little fast rewind by about 30%, and the voice instantly and very accurately “hit” the character. The result suited everyone, and the same technique was used for the voices of the rest of the cartoon characters. But Iya Savina, voicing Piglet, used a different technique - a parody. She voiced her character in the characteristic voice of Bella Akhmadullina.

Our Winnie the Pooh is the best Pooh in the world!

Our and foreign characters and characters differ. Their Winnie, a sweet glutton who forgets everything and everyone around when he sees his beloved honey. And, strangely, this same honey is brought to him on a silver platter almost three times a day.

"Winnie the Pooh"

Our Pooh, a selfless poet, knows for sure: “if you don’t stomp, you won’t burst,” therefore, every time, with bearish clumsiness, he tries to get himself dinner on his own. But if it doesn’t work out, it doesn’t matter, because everyone knows: “If there is honey, then it’s immediately gone.”

Their Piglet is a cowardly creature who, at every opportunity, hides his head in the sand, giving his friends the opportunity to deal with problems on their own.

"Winnie the Pooh"

Our Piglet - heroically accompanies Winnie to hunt for bees, follows a friend "both into fire and into water" and never leaves his comrades in meringue. Their donkey Ushastik is a tired misanthrope, our Eeyore is a gloomy philosopher.

Their Rabbit is an evil grandfather gardener, ours is economical, but not miserly. Their Owl is an idiot in a scientist's mask, our Owl is a quick-witted cunning. What can I say: their Winnie and friends are presented only as plush toys, and our characters look completely alive.

Well, let them say that the Western cartoon about Winnie is more aimed at a children's audience than soviet cartoon. But you and I know that our Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, all his friends are the most real!

Do you know what?

Winnie the Pooh is still considered one of the most famous and beloved characters in children's literature. Readers met him on Christmas Eve in 1925, when the first chapter of the tale was published in a London newspaper. Alana Alexandra Milne: "The chapter in which we first meet Winnie the Pooh and the bees." Readers liked the story so much that a year later the first book about the adventures of a teddy bear with sawdust in his head was published, which was called Winnie the Pooh. It was followed by another one called "The House at the Pooh Edge". AiF.ru tells how the idea of ​​creating famous fairy tale, and why Milne grew to hate his hero over the years.

Alan Milne, Christopher Robin and Winnie the Pooh. 1928 Photo from the British National portrait gallery Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Howard Coster

Favorite toys

The fairy tale "Winnie the Pooh" owes its appearance to to Milne's son Christopher Robin, which inspired the writer to create it.

“Every child has a favorite toy, and a child who is alone in the family needs it especially,” wrote the matured Christopher. For him, such a toy was a teddy bear, which he named Winnie the Pooh. And although over the years Christopher's favorite toys were added to the shelf, a donkey appeared after Winnie without tail Eeyore, the neighbors gave the boy a Piglet piglet, and his parents bought Kanga with baby Roo and Tigger - the boy did not part with his "first-born".

Father told Christopher bedtime stories, in which the main character was certainly a clubfoot fidget. The kid really liked to play home performances with plush toys in which all members of the family took part. The plots of the performances formed the basis of Milne's books, and the writer himself always said: "I, in fact, did not invent anything, I had only to describe."

Authentic Christopher Robin toys: (clockwise from bottom): Tigger, Kanga, Pooh, Eeyore and Piglet. New York public library. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org

It is interesting that Milne introduced the readers to the heroes of the fairy tale in the same order in which the toys appeared with his son. But among the fabulous animals there are two characters that were not really on Christopher's toy shelf: the writer invented the Owl and the Rabbit himself. An attentive reader may notice that in the original illustrations of the book the depiction of these characters differs significantly, and it is no coincidence that the Rabbit once says to the Owl: “Only you and I have brains. The rest have sawdust.”

Tale from life

Not only the plots and characters of "Winnie the Pooh" were taken by the writer from life, even the forest in which the fairy tale took place was real. In the book, the forest is called Wonderful, but in fact it was the most ordinary Ashdown forest, not far from which the writer acquired a farm. In Ashdown, you can find the six pines described in the fairy tale, a stream, and even thickets of thistles, into which Winnie once fell. Moreover, it is no coincidence that the action of the book often takes place in hollows and on the branches of trees: the writer's son was very fond of climbing trees and playing there with his bear.

By the way, the name of the bear itself also has interesting story. Christopher named his favorite toy after a bear named Winnipeg (Winnie), kept in the 1920s at the London Zoo. The boy met her at the age of four and immediately managed to make friends. The American black bear came to the UK from the outskirts of Winnipeg as a live mascot of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps. The bear lived in Britain for more than 10 years (she died on May 12, 1934), and in 1981, 61-year-old Christopher opened a life-size monument to her at the London Zoo.

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In the paws of a teddy bear

Another author of the adventures of a teddy bear can be safely considered artist Ernest Shepard who drew the original illustrations for the first edition. The cartoonist, who lived for 96 years, left behind a huge amount of work, but the illustrations for Winnie the Pooh overshadowed his entire legacy. The same fate awaited Milne himself, who years later managed to hate his fairy-tale hero for this.

Milne started out as an "adult" writer, but after "Winnie the Pooh" readers did not take his books seriously: everyone expected the continuation of the adventures of the unlucky honey lover. But Christopher grew up, and the author did not want to compose fairy tales for other kids. He did not consider himself exclusively a children's writer, at the same time arguing that he writes for children with the same responsibility as for adults.

Even Christopher "Winnie the Pooh" brought a lot of trouble. At school, he was bullied by classmates who teased him with quotes from his father's books, and in his old age, those around him continued to perceive Christopher as a "boy from Pooh's Edge."

Winnie the Pooh. Illustration by artist Ernest Shepherd. Photo: