This expression According to Senka, a hat means what you deserve is what you got, and you should not hope for more.
And this expression was invented back in the days of the existence of Russian boyars, who wore beautiful fur hats. From these hats it was possible to determine how rich and noble he was. And ordinary people could not afford to wear such hats.
This expression has been known since pre-Petrine times. In the boyar duma, everyone was very proud of their origin, nobility. One of external signs such nobility was the height of the boyar's hat, the higher and richer the hat was, the more noble the family.
According to Senka and a hat - means the correspondence of something to something. Senka is an abstract, allegorical image. My grandmother always said: According to Senka, there is always a hat when it comes to the fact that someone cannot get married (marry) because of some kind of shortcoming. That is, sooner or later this person, in any way, will find a suitable pair for himself.
I think that the expression on Senka's hat means that the person is on his well-deserved revenge. That is, when a person is poor and lazy, then his hat is appropriate and vice versa, when a person is rich and hardworking, then the hat is good.
A popular expression according to Senka and a hat means that life gives each person what he deserved or earned, thanks to his work or position in society. This expression has gone since the time of the Russian boyars. It was customary for them to wear high hats, and the higher and more expensive the hat, the richer the boyar. In turn, ordinary people could not wear such a headdress.
The expression means that everyone receives honor according to his merits.
And merits - this, especially earlier, was a noble, first of all, origin. And the height of this origin could be determined just by the headdress - a hat, by its height. The grander, nobler, more representative the nobleman was, the higher his headdress was.
These hats were called throaty, from the word throat. They were sewn from sable, beaver, marten, the fur was taken from the throat, therefore throat-at.
The common people could not afford such chic, they had neither the necessary funds nor the right, it was not sewn according to Senka, he was not worthy to wear it.
By the way, SenKi, ManKi, VanKi, PetKi were from the people, from the nobles were Semyon, Ivana, Ptra and Marya, by name it was also possible to determine the position of its bearer on the hierarchical ladder.
Everybody knows folk expression A hat is not according to Senka, which means that a person occupies a position that is beyond his strength.
In old Rus', the nobility of the boyar family was determined by the height of the fur hats they wore. The nobler the nobleman was, the higher was such a hat, sewn with sable, marten, and beaver furs.
A simple person not only did not have the means to buy such a hat, but also the right to wear them. As a result of this circumstance, such proverbs as According to Senka and a hat And By Yerma and cap who confirmed - to each honor according to his deserts.
It was correctly noticed by the people and the expression According to Senka and a hat turned into a proverb .... It is appropriate to use it when you mean the state of things and people in 100% of their respective places. That is, for example, if someone was put in his place, and before that the situation was different: a MGIMO graduate became an attaché at the embassy, and a loser from school was a thief or drunkard. But there was a time when both were equal.
This saying used to be - Not for Senka, a hat is sewn. Ren-ka, man-ka was the name of the commoners. And the nobles were Semn, Marya. The nobles wore hats made of expensive furs, but the commoners could not afford them. Then it migrated to - According to Senka and a hat, that is, everyone deserves his own.
This proverb was born even before the revolution. Then the boyars wore throated hats.
They looked like this:
Commoners were forbidden to wear such a headdress. The more significant the boyar was, the higher was his hat and the more expensive the fur from which it was sewn.
That's where this saying came from.
Now the meaning of this phrase is that all people and phenomena are different, each has its own level and size, therefore, different approaches are required. For example, they take a small mongrel with them to hunt for some small animal, and they take a wolfhound to hunt for a wolf. According to Senka and a hat. In this example, Senka is a wolf, and a wolfhound is a hat.
The origin of this phraseological unit is rooted in Russian history. Those distant times a very status thing was considered a headdress. On Ancient Rus' one could easily determine the position in society of a person by his hat. Experienced people of that time could immediately tell who this passerby was by the material, shape and height of the cap. For example, nobles and boyars wore high hats unusual shape from expensive materials. The fur of an elite beast was used as the main fur, which skillful craftsmen decorated with colored inserts, beautifully shaped buttons, trimmed with silver and gold thread. The presence on this product was considered a special chic. precious stones and pearls.
The wealth of a particular citizen, his authority in society, nobility could be recognized by the height of his hat.
Simple people they didn’t even dream of such caps, at that time there were simpler headdresses for the lumpen. They looked like modern earflaps, made of felt or woven fabric, with a flat or round crown. In addition, fur products were well-deservedly popular. For example, hare three-pieces with a large rigid fur visor and with a descending or turning back.
"Our ancestors loved high caps made of beaver, sable or marten fur. The more aristocratic and noble the boyar's ancestors were, the higher his cap was" ("Essay on the manners and domestic life of the Great Russian people in the 16th and 17th centuries" N. Kostomarov)
Analogues of the saying "according to Senka's hat" in English
"The higher the ape goes, the more he shows his tail" translation - "the higher the monkey rises, the larger its tail""To fit like a glove"- means "sits like a glove"
"The cobbler should stick to his last", which can be translated as "a shoemaker needs to hold on to his sole"
"Not according to Senka hat" proverb synonyms
Savva was honored neither in honor nor in glory;God grant honor to those who know how to carry it;
According to Erem and a cap;
You do not take according to order;
According to the serf and the master;
On merit and honor;
To each his own;
You can't buy intelligence with wealth.
Use of the expression in literature
"A couple of minutes later, when he made sure that she had died, the need to constantly think about her lost all meaning ... - There is nothing unusual in her death, something ... and it had to happen. According to Senka - a hat" ("Life of Klim Samgin" M. Gorky)"The captain's building was located on a hill ... disgusting desolation was visible everywhere - the mezzanine had no glass, the columns leaned, the roof was almost rotten. - According to Senka and a hat," Lekandra said, climbing the dried-up steps of the broken porch " ("We all eat bread" D. Mamin-Sibiryak)
"I feel that we are rivals of Evlalia Andreevna. I want to tell you to give me Artemy Vasilyich. After all, I know that people who deeply feel the life around them will suit you, and he will suit me like that. According to Senka and a hat" ("Slaves" A. Ostrovsky)
“Klavka argued with a smile, easily alarming the old people at the same time ... - That’s who you are, Aunt Daria. You yourself can hardly breathe and choose life for yourself. ("Farewell to Matera" V. Rasputin)
"My God! Ryleev was strangled, Lermonotov was killed, Pisarev was drowned, Pushkin was killed ... Do you think the government is to blame for this? ("Village" I. Bunin)
Hats, clothes and appearance since ancient times have been hallmark defining different classes. External data is important condition in order to be considered one's own in the circle of a certain social class. In Rus', it was the hat that showed a person's belonging to one or another estate. Previously, Senka was called a nobleman who sits in the Senate, so he had to wear a hat in accordance with his estate. Ordinary people usually wore caps, which is why there is an analogue of the saying "According to Senka, a hat", which says that "According to Yerema and a cap."
In general, the custom to cover the hair came to us from ancient times. It was then that people began to consider hair as a container magical power. So, combed and cut hair could not just be thrown away - it was believed that this could cause headache or, even worse, a sorcerer will find them and bring trouble to the owner of the hair.
In Rus', men cut their hair short. Usually they did a haircut with the help of a pot, which was called “under the pot”. In order to make this hairstyle, you just had to put a pot up to your head and cut off the protruding edges of the hair. The women wore long hair braided. Moreover, they wore one braid before marriage and two after they get married. Married woman could not appear in public without a headdress.
The headdress on a woman is, first of all, a tribute to tradition and decoration. The male headdress indicated his position and social status. The Russian nobility could wear hats made of velvet and valuable fur. In addition, the headdress of a woman could determine her age. Family status And what area does she live in?
All men's hats in Rus' can be divided into several types. Common people wore hats made of white felt in summer, and cloth and fur in winter. Wealthy people they could wear hats made of fine cloth or velvet, and the rich could afford hats made of brocade or satin, in addition, a band with pearls could be fastened here. Moscow dandies added gold buttons to such a hat. The headdresses of the kings amazed with their splendor and luxurious decoration. One of these headdresses is the well-known "Monomakh's hat". She came to Russia in the XIV century. as a gift from the Bukhara prince and since then has become a symbol of power and autocracy in Russia. The cap also helped to determine the nobility of the boyars. So, this could be understood by how high their fur "throated" were (hats made from fur taken from the throat of an animal). The more noble a person was, the higher was the cap on his head.
The common people had no right to wear luxurious fur hats made from sable, beaver or marten fur. Most likely, it was from those times that such an expression as “according to Senka a hat” went. In modern Russian, phraseologism is used when we want to say that a person claims something that he does not deserve in accordance with his capabilities, spiritual qualities or mental ability.
According to Senka and a hat(meaning) - not worthy Furthermore what it has, just deserves it ( Dictionary , 1935-1940)
IN modern language"Not according to Senka's hat" is also used, meaning - too difficult a task, a matter for anyone.
In the old days, according to the height of the fur "throat" hats, it was easy to establish the nobility of the boyar family. The higher the "gorlatnaya" (sewn from soft expensive fur from the throat of a killed animal: martens, sable, beaver) hat, the more noble the family. Ordinary people did not wear such hats because of the high cost.
The proverb "According to Senka and a hat" was first recorded in Russian in the 17th century. The peasants wore a felt cap and a sheepskin hat. The boyars wore a sable hat in winter, and a warm cap underneath, and a downy hat in summer.
“What you follow, you will find,” 1, 4: “Mother, it’s not well established! A rich man marries a rich woman, a poor man marries a poor woman. - on the rich (until such a law came out from you) everything will be according to the old Russian institution: a cap according to Senka, a caftan according to Eremka."
Letter to A. S. Suvorin March 11, 1889 Moscow - "I only need your card; my cards are not needed by me, but by those people who pretend that they really, really need my card. After all, I also have admirers! There is no Senka for whom it would be impossible to pick up a hat."
"Modern Idyll" (1877) - Prudentov argues:
"- About folk wisdom you can say so, - he objected, - for the mob it is useful, but for high-ranking officials it can hardly serve as a guide. We still have one oral tradition: as much as you like! - so after all, this legend is already entered where it should be, as material. As for sayings, sometimes they are not suitable at all in our business. Take, for example, the following. The people say: according to Senka - a hat, but according to the circumstances of the case, it turns out that this saying, on the contrary, must be understood.
- Why so?
- And because because, sir. Leadership is the reason! There are a lot of Seneks, so if everyone requires a special hat for himself ... And here it is customary for us to reduce correspondence to everyone so that there is one measure! Here we are, sir. And this is right, I will report to you, because the people are stupid, sir.
"Signs of the Times" 4: "Where have you seen a beautiful proverb" according to Senka hat"Applied the other way around? Where is there an example of first fitting a hat, and then fitting Senka to it? To fool Senka by the hat is disgusting even to all the rules of philanthropy."
"Contemporaries", 2. Heroes of time:
Borrowed money everywhere
And, "attach" them in a hurry,
He is looking for Senka's hat...
According to Senka and a hat Razg. Neglect Someone is worth it; something deserves it. - ! Pushkin was killed, Lermontov was killed, Pisarev was drowned, Ryleev was strangled... You say, is the government to blame? But after all, according to a serf and a master, according to Senka and a hat(Bunin. Village).
Phrasebook Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .
See what "Senka and a hat" is in other dictionaries:
According to Senka and a hat.- (according to Yerema, a cap). See WINE MERIT...
According to Senka and a hat, according to a woman and a shlyk.- According to Senka and a hat, according to a woman and a shlyk. See PORA MEASURE SUCCESS ... IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people
on Senka and a hat, on a yerem cap- adj., number of synonyms: 1 on merit (10) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
According to Senka and a hat, according to Senka's mother and a caftan
According to Senka and a hat, according to a woman Braga- Dial. Razg. Who l. worthy of what he has. Mokienko 1990, 119 ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings
A CAP- wives. cap, hat; hat, night, hat, hat, common name head covers, esp. soft or warm: a round hat, a Tatar, a Cossack, a man's, a coachman's hat, a three-piece hat, etc. In a Monomakh's hat, the weight is 2 f. 20 gold without sable, ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
A CAP- Headdress, mostly warm, soft. The word hat comes from the Latin sarra (kind of headdress), came into Russian from the Old French language in the 11th-12th centuries, when, after the wedding * of the daughter Kyiv prince* Yaroslav the Wise Anna and ... ... Linguistic Dictionary
a cap- n., f., use. often Morphology: (no) what? hats for what? hat, (see) what? hat what? hat, what? about the hat pl. What? hats, (no) what? caps for what? hats, (see) what? hats what? hats, what? about hats 1. A hat is called a head ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev
a cap- And; pl. genus. pok, dat. pcam; and. 1. Headdress, mostly warm, soft. Put on, take off your hat. Hare, mink sh. Fur, knitted Sh. pie, cap. Hat with ear flaps. Throw, throw, throw, etc. caps up, in the air (like ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
a cap- And; pl. genus. pok, dat. pcam; and. see also by hat, hat, hat, hat, hat 1) a) Headdress, mostly warm, soft ... Dictionary of many expressions
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