On November 23, 1803, a boy was born in the Orel province of the Bryansk district in the Ovstug estate. They named him Fedor. Fyodor's parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, came from ancient noble families.
Ekaterina Lvovna was closely related to the family of Leo Tolstoy. Ekaterina Lvovna was a very beautiful, subtle, poetic woman. It is believed that she transferred all these features to her younger son Fedor. In total, 6 children were born in the Tyutchev family. The last 3 children died in infancy.
Fedor Tyutchev received his primary education at home. His first mentor was Raich Semyon Yegorovich, young, very educated person. He wrote poetry and did translations. Studying with Fedor, the mentor inclined him to versification. By doing homework, he often arranged competitions - who would compose a quatrain faster. Already at the age of 13, Fedor was an excellent translator and became seriously interested in writing poetry. Thanks to
mentor, as well as his talent and perseverance, Fedor Tyutchev spoke and wrote fluently in several foreign languages. But what is interesting is that Tyutchev wrote all his poems only in Russian.
Tyutchev graduated from the Faculty of Literature of Moscow University with honors in 1821.
Knowledge of many foreign languages and excellent studies at the university help him enter the College of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat. For almost a quarter of a century, Tyutchev will have to live abroad. He rarely came to Russia and suffered greatly from this. Working as a diplomat in Munich, Tyutchev will meet his most big love Eleanor Peterson. They will have three daughters. Eleanor's happiness was short-lived. She is dying. Tragedy ends his relationship with Elena Denisyeva. About this period of his life, he writes: "The executing god took everything from me ...".
Creativity Tyutchev
The creative heritage of Fyodor Tyutchev has a little over 400 poems. A notebook with Tyutchev's poems accidentally ends up with A. Pushkin. Pushkin is delighted, publishes poetry in the Sovremennik magazine. Tyutchev becomes famous as a poet. All Tyutchev's work can be divided into 3 stages:
- Moral and philosophical lyrics. In the poems of this period, Tyutchev skillfully combines the soul, mind, the infinity of human existence.
- love lyrics. Tyutchev was a very amorous person, he dedicated poetry to all his lovers. Tyutchev's love lyrics reflect his mood. His sublime, sad, tragic poems belong to this period. The lyrics are very melodic and touch the soul.
- Poems about native nature. Tyutchev wrote poems about nature with youthful years. He believed that there was nothing more beautiful than Russian nature. Most of all abroad, he suffered from the inability to immerse himself in Russian nature. With rapture and happiness he wrote about fields, copses, seasons. His poems about nature are included in school curriculum for children.
At the end of his life, Tyutchev began to write poetry in political topics, but they did not resonate with readers and for the most part remained unclaimed poems from the general public.
Tyutchev and modernity
Poems from any stage of the poet's work find a lively response from readers. His famous lines: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...”, “We cannot predict...”, “The executing god has taken everything from me...” is known to almost every literate person. In terms of popularity, his poetic work can be compared with the work of Pushkin. Subtle, lyrical, penetrating into the soul, Tyutchev's style transcends time and boundaries. His poems have been translated into many languages of the world.
In the summer of 1873, Fyodor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoye Selo. He is buried at Novodevichy cemetery. Every year, on the birthday of the poet and on the anniversary of his death, admirers of his talent come to pay tribute to his work.
A very short biography of Tyutchev for children grade 4
Tyutchev had his favorite teacher-mentor Yegor Ranch, who helped him in everything and raised more parents. Already at the age of twelve, with the help of his teacher, Fedor Ivanovich wrote his first poems. At the age of fifteen, not needing his teacher, he began to study at the institute at the verbal faculty. After he graduated from the institute, he went to work abroad for almost 20 years. Where he worked as a diplomat in Italy and Germany.
All this time I didn't work literary activity. Upon returning to his homeland, he began working in the Foreign Affairs Committee. Pushkin saw his first poems in 1836 and helped to publish them in many magazines. After which he came out. The first assembly of Fedor appeared in 1854. Tyutchev has many famous poems such as: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind”, “winter does not last long”, “evening”, “free-flowing sand knee-deep”.
Tyutchev did not become a writer and worked in a different field, his poems are still taught by children at school.
Fedor Tyutchev died in July 1879 in the village of Tsarskoye. Never started a career in literature.
4th grade. Grade 6. Grade 3, Grade 10. for children
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TYUTCHEV Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873).
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a Russian poet. Born in the Oryol province, in noble family. He was gentle, calm and gifted child. A great influence on Tyutchev had a home teacher Semyon Yegorovich Raich - a poet-translator. He became a real friend to his student. Encouraged by the teacher, the 12-year-old boy began to write poetry. Fedor also fell in love with literary translations - he translated the odes of the ancient Roman poet Horace. At the age of 15, Tyutchev entered Moscow University in the verbal department.
After graduating from university, he served as a diplomat in Germany and Italy for more than 20 years. In 1836, Tyutchev's poems fell into the hands of A. S. Pushkin. He was delighted and published 16 of them in his journal Sovremennik. Tyutchev's first book of poems was published in 1854. He is the author of such famous poems as " spring waters"," The view of the earth is still sad ... "," The first leaf.
Tyutchev was highly appreciated by many famous Russian writers. N. A. Nekrasov called his lyrics one of the "few brilliant phenomena" of Russian poetry. His poems “are not destined to die,” wrote I. S. Turgenev. Without Tyutchev's book of poems, "one cannot live," said L. N. Tolstoy.
Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1857). Tyutchev's spiritually intense philosophical poetry conveys a tragic sense of the cosmic contradictions of being. symbolic parallelism in poems about the life of nature, cosmic motifs. Love lyrics (including the poems of the "Denisiev cycle"). In journalistic articles he gravitated toward pan-Slavism.
Biography
He was born on November 23 (December 5, NS) in the Ovstug estate of the Oryol province in an old noble family. Childhood years were spent in Ovstug, youthful years are connected with Moscow.
Home education was led by a young poet-translator S. Raich, who introduced the student to the works of poets and encouraged his first experiments in poetry. At the age of 12, Tyutchev was already successfully translating Horace.
In 1819 he entered the verbal department of Moscow University and immediately took an active part in its literary life. Graduated from the university in 1821 with a Ph.D. verbal sciences, in early 1822 Tyutchev joined the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. A few months later he was appointed an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich. Since that time, his connection with the Russian literary life interrupted for a long time.
Tyutchev spent twenty-two years in a foreign land, twenty of them in Munich. Here he married, here he met the philosopher Schelling and became friends with G. Heine, becoming the first translator of his poems into Russian.
In 1829 1830, Tyutchev's poems were published in Raich's journal "Galatea", testifying to the maturity of his poetic talent ("Summer Evening", "Vision", "Insomnia", "Dreams"), but did not bring fame to the author.
Tyutchev's poetry first received real recognition in 1836, when his 16 poems appeared in Pushkin's Sovremennik.
In 1837, Tyutchev was appointed first secretary of the Russian Mission in Turin, where he experienced his first bereavement: his wife died. In 1839 he joined new marriage. Tyutchev's official misconduct (unauthorized departure to Switzerland for a wedding with E. Dernberg) put an end to his diplomatic service. He resigned and settled in Munich, where he spent another five years without any official position. Persistently sought ways to return to service.
In 1844 he moved with his family to Russia, and six months later he was again accepted into the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In 1843 1850 he published political articles "Russia and Germany", "Russia and the Revolution", "The Papacy and the Roman Question", concluding that a clash between Russia and the West and the final triumph of "Russia of the future", which seemed to him "all-Slavic" empire.
In 1848 1849, caught up in events political life, he created such beautiful poems as "Reluctantly and timidly ...", "When in the circle of murderous worries ...", "Russian Woman" and others, but did not seek to print them.
The beginning of Tyutchev's poetic fame and the impetus for his active work was Nekrasov's article "Russian Minor Poets" in the Sovremennik magazine, which spoke about the talent of this poet, not noticed by critics, and the publication of 24 Tyutchev's poems. The real recognition came to the poet.
In 1854 the first collection of poems was published, in the same year a cycle of love poems dedicated to Elena Denisyeva was published. "Lawless" in the eyes of the world, the relationship of the middle-aged poet with the same age as his daughter lasted for fourteen years and was very dramatic (Tyutchev was married).
In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee, more than once acting as a defender of persecuted publications.
Since 1864, Tyutchev has suffered one loss after another: Denisyev dies of consumption, a year later, two of their children, his mother.
The work of Tyutchev 1860-1870 is dominated by political and small poems. "on occasion" ("When decrepit forces ...", 1866, "Slavs", 1867, etc.).
The last years of his life are also overshadowed by heavy losses: his eldest son, brother, daughter Maria are dying. The life of the poet is fading away. On July 15 (27 n.s.), 1873, Tyutchev died in Tsarskoye Selo.
Creative way of F.I. Tyutchev covers more than half a century. During this time, the poet wrote not so much - about 300 poems, which are placed in one book. But this book, as the poet A.A. Fet, outweighs many volumes ...
Literary historians often call Tyutchev a "late romantic". The poet's commitment to romanticism is largely due to more than twenty years of stay abroad, which led to his isolation from the domestic literary and cultural life. Upon returning to his homeland, Tyutchev felt like a "debris" of a past era and the "last child" of a generation that had already left the forefront of national culture.
The poet's work is clearly divided into two stages: 20-40s and 50-60s. XIX century
The first period proceeded under the sign of comprehension of the lyrical "I" in the universe. Even in love poems, feelings lyrical hero fit into the picture of the universe. Researchers note the connection of Tyutchev's poetry of this time with the ideas of Russian "lubomudry" (members of the philosophical circle of the same name and representatives of the corresponding philosophical trend in Russian poetry), with the fundamental concepts German philosopher F. W. J. Schelling and artistic experience German romantic poet G. Heine. material from the site
The second period of Tyutchev's creativity was characterized by an in-depth study inner world person. One of the main achievements of this stage was the "Denisiev cycle".
The main part of Tyutchev's lyrics is formed by verses of a philosophical, landscape-philosophical and love plan. However, the poet's pen also includes samples of civil-political lyrics and capacious lyrical miniatures written "on occasion".
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Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich(1803-1873)
Everyone is familiar with the work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Since childhood, everyone has heard his wonderful poems: "I love a thunderstorm in early May ...", "Snow is still whitening in the fields ...", "Winter is angry for a reason ...", "The Enchantress in Winter ...", "There are autumn of the original ... "But not everyone knows his interesting life path. Tyutchev was only four years younger than A.S. Pushkin. Recognition to Tyutchev did not come immediately. Let's get acquainted with the life and work of this great Russian poet.
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the estate of Ovstug, Oryol province. He received home education. Early began to write poetry, studied Latin, made translations of Horace. Since 1817 he began to attend lectures at the Verbal Department of Moscow University. In 1821 he received a certificate of graduation, entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs and left for Munich as a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission.
In 1844, Tyutchev returned to Russia, served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as chairman of the committee on foreign censorship.
As a poet, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev took a long time to form. The first collection of his poems was published by A.S. Pushkin in the magazine "Contemporary". Of the 69 poems sent from Germany, Pushkin selected 28 for publication. Tyutchev became better known after returning to his homeland. He was highly appreciated by Nekrasov, Turgenev, Fet, Chernyshevsky. His muse was Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, a friend of his daughters, a 24-year-old graduate of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. He wrote a wonderful lyrical "Denisiev" cycle. Love in Tyutchev's lyrics is one of the deepest pleasures of life.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died in 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.
"One cannot live without him," L. Tolstoy said about Tyutchev.
