The average layman will surely tell you that GMO foods are harmful and should not be consumed under any pretext. And if you ask him what are products containing GMOs? ... most likely, he will say that this is something fake, obtained through mutations and so on.
Fortunately or unfortunately, this topic is now widely publicized. There are disputes, rallies are held ... but what are we really dealing with? Let's try to understand and discuss this issue together.
The first GMO products appeared in the late 80s.
What does GMO food mean? These are the foods that are obtained from genetically modified organisms.
What is a genetically modified organism? This is an organism that has undergone a change in its genotype (a set of genes that characterize a single individual) in an artificial way.
How to distinguish genetic modification from the usual mutational process? With its purposefulness. Everything here is aimed at artificially (with the help of genetic engineering) making changes in precisely those parts of the genome that are fundamentally important for a single organism, culture.
The site that is modified is called a transgene and is essentially a DNA fragment (As a rule, most often of a different species, but they can also be synthesized artificially. And as a result: a tomato that is not afraid of frost was obtained by introducing a DNA fragment from a North American marine flounder And in order to breed potatoes that no insect will eat, they added the scorpion gene).
Genetic Modified Foods: Pros and Cons
It is clear, after all, that such cultures / products were created in order to improve the properties of plants or animals. Like this? Well, imagine a huge country that, due to weather conditions, suffers from low yields. Genetic engineers "work their magic" and now the culture can already grow, regardless of weather conditions, pests; it has a clearly defined nutritional value, its productivity increases. Everyone is happy.
But let's look at the pros and cons:
"Behind"
People are afraid that eating foods containing GMOs can lead to a number of adverse factors, such as poisoning, allergies, the introduction of a transgene into their own DNA, and so on. Whatever it was, but when it enters our digestive system, the proteins of GMO products are broken down.
Products obtained by genetic modification do not differ from those that change under the influence of natural mutations.
With the advent of GM technologies, the need to use agricultural chemicals has decreased.
Before entering the market, the product undergoes thousands of trials and it takes more than one year.
"Against"
The foreign protein that comes with GMO foods can indeed cause an allergic reaction, although such cases have not yet been recorded.
The transgene may contain the so-called "technological garbage" (antibiotic resistance genes).
The flip side of the coin: a gene that increases plant resistance to herbicides can accumulate agricultural chemicals.
The bad news is that the true impact on man and his genome can be traced only after generations.
How to identify GMOs in foods?
Naturally, with the naked eye, you will not be able to determine if there are GMOs in the products. And if a product is labeled "GMO-Free", it does not mean that it is not there. This means that, based on the results of the check, the product passed the test for the permissible content of GMOs, or the law was simply bypassed.
What foods contain GMOs?
Knowing some secrets, you will be able to distinguish GMO products from conventional ones.
If we are talking about vegetables / fruits, then it’s simple: for sure you will be suspicious of potatoes of the same size without the slightest flaw, or strawberries as in the picture, or glossy gleaming apples the size of a child’s head (to generalize strongly).
When you entered the store and ran your eyes through the shelves, you should pay attention to the following hypothetically possible "representatives" of GMO products:
soy and its variants (milk, flour, beans, etc.)
corn and its derivatives (flour, popcorn, cereals, chips, butter, starch)
potatoes and their forms (chips, semi-finished products, dry mashed potatoes)
tomatoes and everything related to them (sauces, pastes, ketchups)
sugar beet
carrot
wheat and what is produced with its participation (bread, bakery products)
rice and rice products (flour, cereals, chips)
sunflower oil
An important fact is that genetically modified organisms are found in products containing corn or soy: corn flour, baby food, chocolate and sweets, milk powder, sausages, animal feed.
By the way, there are three leading products in terms of GMO content in their composition:
Sausages (about 85% of all boiled sausages and sardels), semi-finished products (chebureks, pancakes, dumplings)
Baby food (up to 70%). And everything would be fine, but even manufacturers who abuse GMOs are known (Danone, Similac, Nestle).
Confectionery, baked goods… well, you already know why. Greenpeace brought to clean water manufacturers: Mars, Snickers, Coca-Cola, Pepsi.
Another important nuance. Fighters for truth and justice have found out that GMOs can hide behind E-shkami, that is, behind E indices (E-322 - soy lecithin, E-101 / E-101A - riboflavin, E-150 - caramel, E-415 - xanthan).
You also need to know what GMO components in the composition of prepared foods can be disguised as unknown words: soybean oil, vegetable fat, maltodextrin, glucose / glucose syrup, dextrose, aspartame (or whatever begins with "asp").
Fast food lovers! It is well known that MacDonalds heavily uses transgenic products in their snacks. Bon appetit!
What are non-GMO foods?
Using the above information, you can roughly navigate how to approach the choice of food.
As for vegetables / fruits, then let it be not an ideal tomato, not a kilogram potato, but quite an earthly culture. If you notice that some kind of living creature has bitten somewhere, this is a good product. If it has a rich smell, it is most likely a natural product. If apples have the ability to rot after a certain period, these apples are worth buying.
By the way, buckwheat has not yet succumbed to genetic modification. So you can buy with confidence.
What does the inscription "No GMOs in products" mean ... this is when the manufacturer's product is certified and these certificates are recognized by Europe. Among cereals and flour, such a trademark is Zhmenka.
And finally, non-GMO foods are organic. Have you seen eco-stalls and shops? So, you can start from there. Or grow your own. But you need to think about whether the seeds you buy do not carry the transgene.
Finally
Harm of GMO products, does it exist or not?
How much has the transgene been introduced into our lives?
Everyone has their own opinion on this, however, let's think: We do not know how much this moment we are all affected by such products. And if, as some say, “I don’t care anymore. I have lived a life”, then think about the legacy and who will be left after you. What will children be like in three generations?
gmo ,
Today, there are so many contradictory myths about genetically modified products that we already unconsciously bypass all seemingly flawless products, without even trying to understand the essence of this modern technology Agriculture.
In today's review, we will share with you the basic facts about GM foods and tell you what is really so scary about them (spoiler: almost nothing).
GMO - what does it mean?
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) are plants, animals and microorganisms whose genotype has been artificially altered through genetic engineering. This means that the genetic material was taken from any other living organism in order for the product to ripen faster, last longer, be resistant to weather and various pests, and just turn out to be tastier and prettier in appearance.
Genetically modified food first hit the markets at the very beginning of the 90s: first, tomatoes appeared that could be stored for a long time and not wrinkled when stored for a long time, and after that about 30 types of other crops were allowed to grow (sweet peppers, corn, apples, potatoes and a lot others).
To date, more than 40 countries grow GM crops: in Canada, for example, it is sugar beet, pumpkin, corn and soybeans, in India - cotton, and in the USA they managed to prove harmlessness and allow genetically modified Atlantic salmon to be sold, which grows 2 times faster and 2 times larger than its wild relative.
Genetically Modified Foods Cause Disease - Fact or Myth?
To date, there is no at least some convincing evidence of the dangers of genetically modified foods for humans.
Scientific studies aimed at "exposing" GMOs in 99 cases out of 100 are not supported by experiments and statistical analysis.
GM foods by themselves do not cause any diseases, are not carcinogenic, and do not cause infertility. They are non-toxic and do not contribute to health problems. GMOs also do not cause allergies: the allergens contained in certain products are the cause of this ailment.
How to distinguish genetically modified products from natural?
Almost always, natural products are labeled with special labels such as Organic. Look carefully at packaging and avoid ingredients that can be genetically modified (more on that in a moment).
Organic, natural products are most often found in small farm shops, but in fast food restaurants you are very likely to order a dish that is at least half GMO.
In addition to labels and stickers, another important criterion is the appearance of the product. GM food is flawless in appearance and has a more regular shape than natural products. In addition, it does not deteriorate for a long time and is not exposed to external pests: for example, you will never find a worm in a GM apple.
GMOs - is it unnatural and tasteless?
So, as we have already found out, "plastic", tasteless apples and tomatoes on the shelves of Russian supermarkets have nothing to do with GM products. Genetic engineering does not affect the taste of the product in any way (although some scientists claim they have already found a way to do this).
In addition, genetic modification is a natural process that occurs even in the wild (for example, many bacteria simply transfer their genes to plants).
Scientists and experts are confident that with the help of GMOs it is possible to obtain new varieties of products that are much more useful and safe (examples: rice with the corn gene, especially rich in vitamin A, and milk without E. coli).
Genetically Modified Organisms. They are increasingly being talked about and written about in the media. This week erupted like never before major scandal in Europe. French scientists tested genetically modified corn on rats. They fed poor rodents with it not for 3 months, as they do in studies in the USA, but for two years. The results are shocking. More than 80 percent of rodents have cancerous tumors. Study leader Professor Séralini says:
“The first male to receive such corn died of a cancerous tumor a year before the interim check. The first female died in 8 months. Tumors were found in 83% of the entire group. Females have uterine cancer, males have skin and liver cancer, from which the animals died.”
The more the proportion of GMO foods in the diet of rats increased, the faster the disease developed.
The results of the research caused an uproar among ordinary consumers. In the European Parliament, voices again sounded about the ban on GMO products. Only I keep calm and equanimity. I have a garden and vegetable garden where I grow apples and potatoes, but I don't eat American corn at all.
What is GMO?
GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) is an organism whose DNA structure has been artificially changed in the laboratory. Actually, this is the insertion of foreign genes into the genome of other animals and plants. Genetic changes are carried out for scientific or economic purposes on microorganisms, plants and animals.
In nature, crossing occurs in a natural evolutionary way, moreover, related organisms. You can cross apples of different varieties, but an apple with potatoes, or with fish will not work. Genetic engineering can do almost anything. Scorpion genes have been successfully introduced into potato DNA and now the Colorado potato beetle does not eat it. And we eat. That is, you eat. I plant potatoes in my garden without the use of genetic engineering.
The answer is obvious. Food stocks on the planet are depleted, and the population of the planet is increasing. GMOs can save the world from the threat of hunger, because through genetic engineering, the quality of food and agricultural products can be increased.
The number of agricultural areas with GMO crops is steadily growing. GMO products such as corn, soybeans, potatoes, tomatoes, beets, and tobacco have already become commonplace. Genetic engineering is used to create sustainable crops to pests and adverse environmental conditions. New varieties have better taste and growth properties. Modified varieties of forest species are on the way, characterized by rapid growth and a high content of cellulose in wood.
GMOs in medicine
Since 1982, GMOs have been used in medicine. The first was obtained as a medicine - human insulin, obtained from genetically modified microorganisms. Currently, work is underway to obtain genetically modified plants that produce components for vaccines against AIDS, plague and other infectious diseases. A trial has been successfully passed and a drug against thrombosis has already been approved. Methods are being developed for the use of GMOs in the fight against the aging process.
A great risk is associated with human consumption of GMO agricultural and livestock products that have not been sufficiently tested by time. The effect of GMOs on many plants and animals has not yet been sufficiently studied. In the process of embedding DNA chains, genes are able to mutate, and most in an unexpected way. As a result, previously unknown toxic proteins may appear, allergic and poisoning in humans and animals. Viruses are used to insert genes, which penetrate into living cell use its internal resources. Develop in it and multiplying penetrate into neighboring cells of the body. GMO foods can cause cancer. Transgenes have the ability to integrate into the gene apparatus of stomach microorganisms, and this is already a mutation. It is cell mutations that lead to the appearance of cancer cells.
Some scientists believe that the present stage development of biotechnology, the production of GMOs is premature due to the unpredictability of their impact on living organisms. Priority should be given to environmentally friendly and safe products.
What to do?
Be vigilant. More than 30% of products sold in supermarkets contain GMOs. Most of them (up to 80%) are in sausages and sausages.
Read food labels and avoid soy and corn based ingredients. They should be avoided because there is no way to know if they contain GM soy or corn derivatives.
It is better to buy meat in the markets from reliable sellers and cook it at home. Give preference to organic natural products.
A lot of GMOs in bakery and confectionery products. If the bread you bought does not go stale for a long time, be sure that it contains GMOs.
More than 80% of exported American products contain GMOs. Coca Cola, Pepsi, Mars and Snickers all have GMOs in their ingredients. McDonald's has successfully used transgenic soybeans in fast food.
If you see smooth, even potatoes of the same size in the store, this is the merit of genetics. Due to genetic modification, products look perfect and are stored for a long time.
Advice from the site www.site
Plant tomatoes and potatoes in your summer cottages, friends!
GMO products in Russia
The production and use of GMO products is regulated at the state level. In many countries, the labeling of goods with GMOs is strictly required. In Russia, the production of GMOs is still prohibited. However, the import of food products that contain GMOs is allowed. Mostly modified corn, soybeans, beets and potatoes are imported into Russia from the USA. America ranks first in the production and consumption of GMOs. Up to 80% of food in the US contains GMOs.
Foods that may contain GMOs
1. Corn (flour, cereals, popcorn, chips, starch).
2. Potatoes (chips, crackers.).
3. Wheat (bread and baked goods)
4 Tomatoes (mashed potatoes, sauces, ketchups, pasta).
5. Soy (beans, flour, milk).
6. Sunflower oil.
8. Onion, carrot, sugar beet.
Foreign companies using GMOs
McDonalds is a chain of fast food establishments.
Coca-Cola - Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Kinley tonic.
PepsiCo - Pepsi, Mirinda.
Danon - produces kefir, cottage cheese, yoghurts, baby food.
Kelloggs - manufactures breakfast cereals
Nestle - produces coffee, coffee drinks, baby food, chocolate.
Heinz Foods - manufactures sauces and ketchups.
Hersheys - Produces soft drinks and chocolate.
Similac - baby food.
What is GMO?
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A special pride of our specialists is potatoes, from which the Colorado potato beetles die. For environmentalists, he is the main irritant. Experts say that when eating transgenic potatoes in rats, a change in blood composition occurs, a change in the size of internal organs, and pathologies appear in much greater numbers than when eating ordinary potatoes.
9 cotton lines
Of these, massively grown: soybeans, corn, rapeseed and cotton.
According to Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation, in 2004 compared to 2003, three times more samples (12,956 samples) of food raw materials and foodstuffs were examined for the presence of genetically modified sources (GM). The largest number samples containing GMI in absolute values were found in 2004 in meat products - 946 (in 2003 - 272) and "other" products based on vegetable proteins - 466 (in 2003 - 129). GMIs were found in small quantities in bakery and flour-grinding products (44 samples), poultry and poultry products (29 samples), baby food (13 samples) and canned food (13 samples).
In general, foods containing GMOs can be divided into three categories:
1. Products containing GM ingredients (mainly transgenic corn and soybeans). These additives are introduced into food products as structuring, sweetening, coloring agents, and also as substances that increase the protein content.
2. Processing products of transgenic raw materials (for example, bean curd, soy milk, chips, corn flakes, tomato paste).
3. Transgenic vegetables and fruits, and soon, possibly, animals that are directly used for food.
It is also useful to remember the names of some companies that, according to the state register, supply GM raw materials to their customers in Russia or are themselves producers:
Central Soya Protein Group, Denmark;
OOO "BIOSTAR TRADE", St. Petersburg;
CJSC "Universal" Nizhny Novgorod;
Monsanto Co., USA;
Protein Technologies International Moscow, Moscow;
Agenda LLC, Moscow;
ZAO ADM-Food Products, Moscow;
JSC "GALA", Moscow;
CJSC Belok, Moscow;
Dera Food Technology N.V., Moscow;
Herbalife International of America, USA;
OY FINNSOYPRO LTD, Finland;
Salon Sport-Service LLC, Moscow;
When buying products in a store, labels can indirectly determine the likelihood of a product containing GMOs. If the label says that the product is made in the USA and contains soy, corn, canola or potatoes, there is a very good chance that it contains GM components.
Most products based on soy not produced in the US, but outside of Russia, can also be transgenic. If the proud inscription “vegetable protein” is on the label, it is most likely soy and very likely transgenic.
Often GMOs can be hidden behind E indices. However, this does not mean that all E supplements contain GMOs or are transgenic. You just need to know which E can, in principle, contain GMOs or their derivatives.
It is primarily soy lecithin or E 322 lecithin: binds water and fat together and is used as a fat element in formula milks, biscuits, chocolate, riboflavin (B2) otherwise known as E 101 and E 101A, can be produced from GM microorganisms. It is added to cereals, soft drinks, baby food and weight loss products. Caramel (E 150) and xanthan (E 415) can also be produced from GM grain.
Other additives that may contain GM components: E 153, E 160d, E 161c, E 308-9, E-471, E 472a, E 473, E 475, E 476b, E 477, E479a, E 570, E 572, E 573, E 620, E 621, E 622, E 633, E 624, E 625, E951.
Sometimes on the labels the names of additives are indicated only in words, they also need to be able to navigate. Let's take a look at the most common components.
Soybean Oil: Used in sauces, spreads, cakes and well-done foods in the form of fat to add extra flavor and quality. Vegetable oil or vegetable fats: most commonly found in biscuits, deep-fried foods such as chips. Maltodextrin: A type of starch that acts as a "master agent" used in baby food, powdered soups, and powdered desserts.
Glucose or Glucose Syrup: Sugar, which can be made from cornstarch, is used as a sweetener. Found in drinks, desserts and fast food.
Dextrose: Like glucose, it can be made from cornstarch. Used in cakes, chips and cookies to achieve brown color. Also used as a sweetener in high energy sports drinks.
Aspartame, aspasvit, aspamix: A sweetener that can be produced using a GM bacterium is restricted in several countries and is reported to have received a lot of complaints, mainly related to fainting syndrome, from consumers in the United States. Aspartame is found in carbonated water, diet sodas, chewing gum, ketchups, etc.
Many people think that the label "modified starch" on a product means that the product contains GMOs. This even led to the fact that in 2002 the Legislative Assembly of the Perm region at its meeting included yoghurts with modified starch in the list of GM products illegally distributed in the region. In fact, modified starch is obtained chemically without the use of genetic engineering. But starch itself can have a genetically engineered origin if it was obtained from GM corn, GM potatoes.
During the test, the highest percentage of GM soybeans was found in the Veal Traditional boiled sausage produced by the Cherkizovsky plant. GMIs were most often found in the products of the same manufacturer, as well as in the products of the company "DCH V S" ( trademark Rollton).
Among the manufacturers whose products contain GMOs, there were also:
LLC "Daria - semi-finished products";
OOO Meat Processing Plant Klinskiy;
MPZ "Tagansky";
MPZ "Kampomos";
CJSC "Vichunai";
LLC "MLM-RA";
Tolsto-products LLC;
Ostankino MPK;
LLC “Sausage plant “Bogatyr””;
LLC Rose Marie Ltf;
ML "Mikoyanovsky";
JSC "Tsaritsyno";
JSC "Lianozovsky sausage factory"
Our favorite dumplings also turned out to be genetically modified, namely: “Dumplings without haste, pork and beef”, “Daria classic dumplings”, GMOs were found in “Vkusnye” beef steaks.
GMO - genetically modified foods:
List of genetically modified foods:
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are being developed as biological weapons, a means of curbing population growth, and a means of undermining the food security of nations.
So first on the list:
Lipton tea
Coffee "Nescafe"
Modified coffee is now actively grown by Nescafe. So far, vast plantations of such coffee are grown only in Vietnam.
List of GMOs:
Manufacturing company Unilever
Brooke Bond (tea)
Conversation (tea)
Calve (mayonnaise, ketchup)
Rama (oil)
Pyshka (margarine)
Delmi (mayonnaise, yogurt, margarine)
Algida (ice cream)
Knorr (seasoning)
Nestle manufacturing company
Nescafe (coffee and milk)
Maggi (soups, broths, mayonnaise, seasonings, mashed potatoes)
Nestle (chocolate)
Nesquik (cocoa)
Kellog's manufacturing company
Corn Flakes (flakes)
Frosted Flakes (flakes)
Rice Krispies (cereal)
Corn Pops (cereals)
Smacks (cereals)
Froot Loops (colored flakes)
Apple Jacks (apple flavored cereal rings)
All-bran Apple Cinnamon/ Blueberry
Chocolate Chip (chocolate chips)
Pop Tarts (stuffed cookies, all flavors)
Nutri-grain (filled toast, all types)
Crispix (cookies)
Smart Start (flakes)
All-Bran (cereal)
Just Right Fruit & Nut (cereal)
Honey Crunch Corn Flakes (flakes)
Raisin Bran Crunch (cereal)
Cracklin' Oat Bran (cereal)
Hershey's manufacturing company
Toblerone (chocolate, all kinds)
Mini Kisses (candy)
Kit-Kat (chocolate bar)
Kisses (candy)
Semi-Sweet Baking Chips (cookies)
Milk Chocolate Chips (cookies)
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (peanut butter)
Special Dark (dark chocolate)
Milk Chocolate (milk chocolate)
Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup)
Special Dark Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup)
Strawberry Syrop (strawberry syrup)
Mars manufacturing company
Crunch (chocolate rice cereal)
Milk Chocolate Nestle (chocolate)
Nesquik (chocolate drink)
Cadbury (Cadbury/Hersey's)
Heinz manufacturing company
Ketchup (regular & no salt) (ketchup)
Chili Sauce (Chili sauce)
Heinz 57 Steak Sauce (meat sauce)
Hellman's manufacturing company
Real Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)
Light Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)
Low-Fat Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)
Coca-Cola manufacturing company
Minute Maid Orange
Minute Maid Grape
PepsiCo manufacturing company
Frito-Lay/ PepsiCo (GM components may be present in oil and other ingredients)
Lays Potato Chips (all) (chips)
Cheetos (all) (chips)
Manufacturing company Cadbury/Schweppes
Pringles Manufacturing Company (Procter & Gamble)
Pringles (Original, Low Fat, Pizza-licious, Sour Cream & Onion, Salt & Vinegar, Cheezeums flavored chips)
Honey can be harvested from genetically modified plants.
There is a high frequency of information that bees cannot pollinate genetically modified buckwheat. So, there is one.
Rice. In general, it is better to buy non-anonymous varieties herbal products but quite specific. For example, Basmati rice. There is a high probability that in this case the product will not be GMO.
Anonymous rice, as well as Chinese or Taiwanese, is most likely transgenic.
Russia is one of the main importers of this product from China. However, according to environmentalists, the Chinese have been producing GM rice unofficially and exporting it for two years now.
The fact that genetically modified rice is illegally grown in China was reported by environmentalists in April. “In the spring of 2005, Greenpeace took samples of rice obtained from Chinese suppliers, farmers and millers for genetic testing at the German Genescan laboratory,” Greenpeace Russia spokeswoman Maya Kolikova told NI. – It turned out that more than 2/3 of the samples (19 out of 25) were genetically modified.
When interviewing farmers and grain suppliers from China, we found out that for more than two years, transgenic rice has been illegally grown and actively sold both domestically and abroad.”
The situation, according to environmentalists, is aggravated by the fact that the Chinese government is considering the possibility of legalizing industrial production GM rice. The Greens believe that the Russians will suffer the most from the actions of the Chinese authorities - deliveries of the product from this country account for more than 60% of all our rice imports.
However, in this case there are not only minuses, but also pluses. Indeed, until now, rice supplied to Russia was formally considered unmodified, and no checks were made for the content of GMI in it. Therefore, no one can say how many transgenes we have already eaten and will eat again. If the consumer has information about where the rice comes from, he will be able to decide for himself whether to buy this product or not.
Environmentalists, however, see the problem not so much in the cereal itself, which can really be abandoned, but in the distribution of products with the addition of rice flour, including many children's products - milk formulas and cereals, noodles, semi-finished products. Manufacturers, as a rule, do not indicate the country where the ingredients come from.
I would like to point out that "Indica", a term found on rice packs, is not the original name of any variety. It just means long grain rice. It may also be from China.
Attention! Signs of transgenic fruits and vegetables.
Is it possible to distinguish modified fruits and vegetables from natural ones?
Too clean, slightly different potato tubers or tomatoes are ideal correct form- reason to think. After all, a sure sign of natural natural products is the presence in the total mass of “eaten” by insects and rotten specimens. GM foods are never eaten by insects! If you cut a natural tomato or strawberry, they will immediately give juice, unnatural ones retain their shape.
The most famous products containing GM ingredients:
(according to Greenpeace)
1. Snickers chocolate bars
3. Maggi spices
4 Pringles
Vegetable counters are littered with "Volgograd" tomatoes, like twins similar to Turkish ones. It turns out that in Volgograd for several years only imported "plastic" varieties without taste and smell have been grown on a mass scale.
I wouldn't be at all surprised if they turn out to be GMOs. I stopped buying tomatoes of these varieties, and I rarely bought them before.
From the article by E. Yakusheva "What are transgenic products?":
Now 90% of transgenic food exports are corn and soybeans. Popcorn, which is sold everywhere on the streets, is 100% made from GM corn, and is still not labeled accordingly. Soy products from North America or Argentina are 80% GM products.
GM foods are attractive to retail. For example, genetically modified vegetables and fruits are 4-5 times cheaper than their natural counterparts.
From the book of Liniza Zhuvanovna Zhalpanova:
"Foods that kill you":
Transgenic products are purchased by Russia in other countries with the permission of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. According to statistics, about 70% of imported products are made from genetically modified raw materials. Such products include: soy products, flour, chocolate, chocolate bars, wine, baby food, milk powder, milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, carbonated drinks, canned corn and tomatoes, corn oil, biscuits, starch, soy protein, soy oil, soy sauce, lecithin, cottonseed oil, syrups, tomato sauces, coffee and coffee drinks, popcorn, ready-made breakfasts, etc.
Some of the imported beer is also believed to contain genetically modified molecules taken over by the beer from the modified yeast.
According to the National Genetic Safety Association, about 1/3 of all foods on Russian market contain genetically modified components.
Greenpeace Handbook "How to avoid the use of products with genetically modified ingredients (GM products)?"
The directory contains lists of food enterprises divided into three categories (green, orange and red lists) according to the criterion of the presence of GM components in products.
The New Year's menu often includes canned store-bought vegetables. But canned corn and green peas are highly undesirable. They are GMO.
According to a month and a half study, our food is simply crammed with genetically modified organisms. Moreover, the most popular food in our area - sausages, dumplings, dry soups, canned vegetables, chocolates.
Ecologists (Greenpeace and the All-Ukrainian Ecological League) categorically include in this list the products of the most famous brands– Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nestle, Gallina Blanka, Knorr, Lipton, Bonduel. For a complete list of companies that have confirmed that their products may contain GM ingredients or have not denied their use, see www.ecoleague.net.
“The results of the study showed that in 18 out of 42 randomly selected food products, the content of genetically modified soybeans exceeded 3 percent,” said Mikhail Mukharovskiy, General Director of Ukrmetrteststandart. “Nine of them didn’t list the presence of soy protein at all.”
Bonduel is thus blacklisted!
I understand that the accuracy of what is included in the list is not guaranteed, as the sources of information may be questionable. But otherwise, I have practically no way to keep such a list at all.
Orchard, Rich puree - genetically modified products.
By the way, the very first genetically modified product on the market is a food banana, and any one (to increase productivity, it has, roughly speaking, a duplicated set of chromosomes).
If about a banana: artificially induced polyploidy is also a form of genetic modification (because the chromosome set becomes larger compared to the original organism), most importantly, cheap and angry. But journalists have not yet learned how to scare people with it.
The Mistral company, probably, deliberately does not mark on the packs the country of growth of those cereals and legumes that are packed in them. The fact is that she "lit up" in the sale of American crops, which, most likely, are genetically modified. Not labeled "Basmati Rice" either. Unfortunately, as I only found out today, he a high degree likely to be transgenic. From the book Seeds of Destruction: The Hidden Background of Genetic Manipulation by William F. Engdahl:
RiceTech, a Texas biotech company, has decided that it will receive patent payments for Basmati rice, a variation that has been a daily staple in India, Pakistan and Asia for thousands of years. In 1998, RiceTech patented GM Basmati Rice, and thanks to US laws against genetic labeling, RiceTech was able to sell it legally, labeling it as regular rice"Basmati". RiceTech was found to have taken possession of the precious Basmati seeds through dubious means, which had been deposited with the Rockefeller Foundation's International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines (IRRI). (10)
In the name of "security," NIIR duplicated a priceless collection of rice seeds from the Philippines and stored it in a seed bank in Fort Collins, Colorado, with a very dubious promise that the seeds would be stored as a safe seed stock for rice farmers. The IRRI convinced the farmers that it would serve their own security to provide their priceless finds in rice seed varieties to the IRRI.
In Colorado, far from the Philippines, MNIIR donated valuable seeds (without which RiceTech might not have made its patented genetic modifications) to RiceTech researchers, who immediately patented everything that was possible. They knew it was highly illegal: Even in Texas, rice researchers know that Basmati rice doesn't usually grow in the dusty plains around Texas' Crawford. (eleven)
RiceTek, in collusion with MNIIR, stole the seeds for its patent. In addition, according to the carefully crafted rules set by the Rockefeller Foundation's IRRI, although genebank seeds cannot be patented, any man-made improved variation based on them can be patented.
Variety "Jasmine" also has a GM modification.
From the article "Transgenic Senior Tomato and Dolly the Sheep...":
You can delay the ripening of already harvested fruits by placing them in special conditions. With the help of carbon dioxide, the action of ethylene released by the fruits is blocked. These properties are manipulated by merchants carrying bananas, citrus fruits, and vegetables - and tomatoes in particular. They are harvested green, and on the way they are treated with ethylene, which causes artificial maturation. Such fruits and vegetables lose their taste, ripen unevenly. And it's easy to verify this. For example, the tomatoes we buy on the market are red on the outside, but white on the inside. The delay in ripening is also connected with the fact that basically those tomatoes that we sell are imported from Turkey, and they are all transgenic. Even on the boxes in which they are packed, it is written: TRANSGEN.
Excerpts from the book of Mikhail Efremov: “Caution! Harmful products!
Additives with a high degree of probability of containing GI components:
E-153 - Vegetable Carbon (vegetable coal);
E-160d - Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin (annatto, bixin, norbixin);
E-308 - Synthetic Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic y-tocopherol);
E-309 - Synthetic Delta-tocopherol (synthetic d-tocopherol);
E-471 - Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids);
E-472a - Acetic Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (esters of mono- and diglycerides of acetic fatty acids);
E-473 - Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids (esters of sucrose and fatty acids);
E-475 - Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids (esters of polyglycerides and fatty acids);
E-476 - Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (polyglycerol polyglycerinoleates);
E-477 - Propane-1, 2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids (propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids);
E-479b - Thermally Oxideized Soya Bean Oll Interacted with Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids
E-570 - Fatty Acids (fatty acids);
E-951 - Aspartame (aspartame, or nutrosvit).
Additives based on GM components:
Riboflavin (B2) otherwise known as E 101 and E 101A, made from GM microorganisms, is approved for sale in a number of countries. It is added to cereals, soft drinks, baby food and weight loss products. Caramel (E 150) and xanthan (E 415) can be made from grain.
Lecithin (E 322) is produced from soy, which can be genetically modified. Such soy is used, in particular, by the Neslte company in its chocolate, baby food and other products. Other additives that may contain GM components: E 153, E 160 d, E 161 c, E 308-9, E-471, E 472a, E 473, E 475, E 476 b, E 477, E479 a, E 570, E 572, E 573, E 620, E 621, E 622, E 633, E 624, E 625.
I emphasize that food additives for any purpose (technological, to "improve" consumer qualities) can be included in dietary supplements as well. Therefore, it is important to know which of the food additives are prohibited or dangerous.
I saw how dairy production works. Only milk after that is not very desirable to drink.
And only raw cow's milk can be consumed. You can make yogurt from the store, and not from anyone, but preferably from the one on which it is written that it is made from natural (whole) cow's milk (its fat content is usually indicated as 3.4-6%). Drinking such milk in its pure form is not worth it, because it is pasteurized and with its regular use, after a while, the joints will start to hurt - most likely due to the deposition of inorganic calcium in them, which appears during pasteurization (it passes from an organically bound form to an inorganic one) . But you can make yogurt out of it - it turns out quite well and does not cause problems.
But any milk normalized for fat content is a real poison. And even yogurt from such milk turns out to be unimportant, except that from milk with a fat content of no more than 1% - lactobacilli at the very least cope with such concentrations of modified milk fat.
GMO - manufacturing company:
Milky Way
Uncle Bans
Coca Cola
Parmalat (cookies)
Similak (baby food)
Potato (from Monsant USA)
LIST OF INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURERS NOTICED TO USE GMOS:
''Greenpeace'' has published a list of companies that use GMOs in their products. Interestingly, in different countries, these companies behave differently, depending on the legislation of a particular country.
In total, more than 120 names (brands) of products with GMOs are registered in Russia, according to the data of voluntary registration and a special register of products imported from abroad. Among the manufacturers whose products contain GMOs are:
OOO ''Daria - semi-finished products'', OOO ''Meat-packing plant Klinskiy'', MPZ ''Taganskiy'', MPZ ''KampoMos'', CJSC ''Vichiunay'', OOO ''MLM-RA'', OOO '' Talostoprodukty'', LLC ''Sausage plant'' Bogatyr'', LLC ''ROS Mari Ltf''.
Unilever manufacturing company: Lipton (tea), Brooke Bond (tea), ''Beseda'' (tea), Calve (mayonnaise, ketchup), Rama (butter), ''Pyshka'' (margarine), ''Delmi'' (mayonnaise, yogurt, margarine), ''Algida'' (ice cream), Knorr (seasonings); Nestle manufacturing company: Nescafe (coffee and milk), Maggi (soups, broths, mayonnaise, Nestle (chocolate), Nestea (tea), Neseiulk (cocoa);
Kellog's manufacturing company: Corn Flakes (flakes), Frosted Flakes (flakes), Rice Krispies (flakes), Corn Pops (flakes), Smacks (flakes), Froot Loops (colored flakes), Apple Jacks (flakes with apple flavor), Afl-bran Apple Cinnamon/Blueberry (bran with apple, cinnamon, blueberry flavors), Chocolate Chip (chocolate chips), Pop Tarts (stuffed cookies, all flavors), Nulri grain (filled toast, all types) , Crispix (cookies), All-Bran (cereal), Just Right Fruit & Nut (cereal), Honey Crunch Corn Flakes (cereal), Raisin Bran Crunch (cereal), Cracklin'Oat Bran (cereal);
Hershey's Manufacturing Company: Toblerone (chocolate, all types), Mini Kisses (candy), Kit-Kat (chocolate bar), Kisses (candy), Semi-Sweet Baking Chips (cookies), Milk Chocolate Chips (cookies), Reese 's Peanut Butter Cups (peanut butter), Special Dark (dark chocolate), Milk Chocolate milk chocolate), Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Special Dark Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Setoawberry Syrup (strawberry syrup);
Mars Manufacturing Company: M&M'S, Snickers, Milky Way, Twix, Nestle, Crunch (chocolate rice cereal), Milk Chocolate Nestle (chocolate), Nesquik (chocolate drink), Cadbury (Cadbury/Hershey's), Fruit
Heinz manufacturing company: Ketchup (regular&no salt) (ketchup), Chili Sauce (Chili sauce), Heinz 57 Steak Sauce (sauce for meat);
Coca-Cola manufacturing company: Coca Cola, Sprite, Cherry Cola, Minute Maid Orange, Minute Maid Grape;
PepsiCo manufacturing company: Pepsi, Pepsi Cherry, Mountain Dew;
Frito-Lay / PepsiCo: (GM components may be contained in oil and other ingredients), Lays Potato Chips (all), Cheetos (all);
Manufacturing company Cadbury /Schweppes:7-Up, Dr. pepper;
Pringles Procter&Gamble: Pringles (Original, LowFat, Pizzalicious, Sour Cream&Onion, Salt&Vinegar, Cheezeums flavored chips).
1 Hershey's Cadbury Fruit&Nut chocolate products
6 Cadbury chocolate, cocoa
8 Nestle chocolate ''Nestle'', ''Russia''
9 Nestle Nesquik Chocolate Drink
10 Soft drink Sosa-Cola ‘‘Coca-Cola’’ Sosa-Cola
11 ‘‘Sprite’’, ’’Fanta’’, tonic ’’Kinley’’, ’’Fruittime’’
12 Pepci-Co Pepsi 13 ''7-Up'', ''Fiesta'', ''Mountain Dew''
14 Kellogg's breakfast cereal
15 Campbell Soups
16 Rice Uncle Bens Mars
17 Sauces Knorr
18 Lipton Tea
19 Parmalat cookies
20 Seasonings, mayonnaises, Hellman's sauces
21 Seasonings, mayonnaise, Heinz sauces
22 Nestle baby food
24 Abbot Labs Similac
25 Yoghurts, kefir, cheese, baby food Danon
26 McDonald's (McDonald's) fast food restaurant chain
27 chocolate, chips, coffee, baby food Kraft (Kraft)
28 ketchups, sauces. Heinz Foods
29 baby food, products ''Delmi'' Unilever (Unilever)
Products in the preparation technology of which GMOs are used:
AOOT ''Nizhny Novgorod Oil and Fat Plant'' (mayonnaises ''Ryaba'', ''For the future'', etc.).
Products ''Bonduelle'' (Hungary) - beans, corn, green peas.
CJSC ''Baltimore-Neva'' (St. Petersburg) - ketchups.
CJSC ''Mikoyanovsky meat-packing plant'' (Moscow) - pastes, minced meat.
ZAO YUROP FOODS GB'' (Nizhny Novgorod region) - soups ''Galina Blanca''.
Concern ''White Ocean'' (Moscow) - chips ''Russian Potato''.
OJSC ''Lianozovsky Dairy Plant'' (Moscow) - yogurts, ''Miracle Milk'', ''Miracle Chocolate''.
OJSC ''Cherkizovsky MPZ'' (Moscow) - frozen minced meat.
LLC ''Campina'' (Moscow region) - yoghurts, baby food.
LLC ''MK Gurman'' (Novosibirsk) - pastes.
LLC ''Frito'' (Moscow region) - chips ''Layz''.
OOO ''Ermann'' (Moscow region) - yoghurts.
OOO ''Unilever CIS'' (Tula) - mayonnaise ''Calve''.
Factory ''Bolshevik'' (Moscow) - cookies ''Jubilee''.
- ''Nestle'' (Switzerland, Finland) - dry milk mixture ''Nestogen'', mashed potatoes ''Vegetables with beef''.
Pay attention to how carefully products for children are screened out - everywhere there are GMOs, not there, but here, and if your child does not eat yogurt, then he eats Nesquik or cereal or mashed potatoes. And one way or another, but GMO gets
into his body. In supermarkets, this is the situation now: absolutely all products are labeled ''GMO-free''. We read the composition on the label: modified soy, modified starch, and so on.
Kemerovo State Medical Academy
Department of General Hygiene
Abstract on the topic:
"Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)"
Completed:
Leshcheva E.S., 403 gr.,
Kostrova A.V., 403 gr.
Kemerovo, 2012
Introduction
What is GMO (history, goals and methods of creation)
Types of GMOs and their uses
Russian policy towards GMOs
Pros of GMOs
The danger of GMOs
Consequences of using GMOs
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
The number of inhabitants of the Earth is steadily growing, thus, there is a huge problem in increasing food production, improving medicines and medicine in general. And in the world, in connection with this, social stagnation is observed, which is becoming more urgent. It is believed that with the current size of the world's population, only GMOs can save the world from the threat of hunger, since with the help of genetic modification it is possible to increase the yield and quality of food.
The creation of genetically modified products is now the most important and most controversial task.
What is gmo?
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genotype has been purposefully artificially altered using genetic engineering methods. This definition can be applied to plants, animals and microorganisms. Genetic changes are usually made for scientific or economic purposes.
The history of the creation of GMOs
The first transgenic products were developed in the US by the former military chemical company Monsanto back in the 80s.
Monsanto Company (Monsanto) is a transnational company, the world leader in plant biotechnology. The main products are genetically modified seeds of corn, soybeans, cotton, as well as the most common herbicide in the world, Roundup. Founded by John Francis Queenie in 1901 as a purely chemical company, Monsanto has since evolved into a high technology agricultural concern. The key moment in this transformation came in 1996, when Monsanto simultaneously launched the first genetically modified crops on the market: transgenic soybeans with the new Roundup Ready trait and insect-resistant cotton "Ballguard". The huge success of these and subsequent similar products in the US agricultural market stimulated the company to shift from traditional chemistry and pharmacochemistry to the production of new varieties of seeds. In March 2005, Monsanto acquired the largest seed company Seminis, which specializes in the production of vegetable and fruit seeds.
The largest number of these areas are sown in the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina and China. At the same time, 96% of all GMO crops belong to the USA. In total, more than 140 lines of genetically modified plants are approved for production in the world.
Goals of creating GMOs
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations considers the use of genetic engineering methods to create transgenic varieties of plants or other organisms as an integral part of agricultural biotechnology. The direct transfer of genes responsible for useful traits is a natural development of animal and plant breeding, which has expanded the ability of breeders to control the process of creating new varieties and expand its capabilities, in particular, the transfer of useful traits between non-crossing species.
Methods for creating GMOs
The main stages of the creation of GMOs:
1. Obtaining an isolated gene.
2. Introduction of a gene into a vector for transfer to an organism.
3. Transfer of a vector with a gene into a modified organism.
4. Transformation of body cells.
5. Selection of genetically modified organisms and elimination of those that have not been successfully modified.
The process of gene synthesis is currently very well developed and even largely automated. There are special devices equipped with computers, in the memory of which programs for the synthesis of various nucleotide sequences are stored.
Restriction enzymes and ligases are used to insert a gene into a vector. With the help of restriction enzymes, the gene and the vector can be cut into pieces. With the help of ligases, such pieces can be “glued together”, connected in a different combination, constructing a new gene or enclosing it in a vector.
If unicellular organisms or cultures of multicellular cells undergo modification, then cloning begins at this stage, that is, the selection of those organisms and their descendants (clones) that have undergone modification. When the task is to obtain multicellular organisms, then cells with a changed genotype are used for vegetative reproduction of plants or injected into the blastocysts of a surrogate mother when it comes to animals. As a result, cubs are born with a changed or unchanged genotype, among which only those that show the expected changes are selected and crossed with each other.
