The main works of Bulgakov by date. last years of life

Born in the family of a teacher of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna. He was the eldest child in the family and had six more brothers and sisters.

In 1901-1909 he studied at the First Kyiv Gymnasium, after graduating from which he entered the Medical Faculty of Kyiv University. He studied there for seven years and submitted a report to serve as a doctor in the maritime department, but was refused for health reasons.

In 1914, with the outbreak of the First World War, he worked as a doctor in front-line hospitals in Kamenetz-Podolsk and Chernivtsi, in the Kiev military hospital. In 1915 he married Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa. On October 31, 1916 he received a diploma "in the degree of a doctor with honors."

In 1917, he first used morphine to relieve the symptoms of diphtheria vaccination and became addicted to it. In the same year he visited Moscow and in 1918 returned to Kyiv, where he began the private practice of a venereologist, having stopped using morphine.

In 1919, during the Civil War, Mikhail Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor, first into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, then into the Red Army, then into the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, then transferred to the Red Cross. At this time, he began to work as a correspondent. On November 26, 1919, the feuilleton "Future Prospects" was first published in the Grozny newspaper signed by M.B. He fell ill with typhus in 1920 and remained in Vladikavkaz without retreating to Georgia along with the Volunteer Army.

In 1921, Mikhail Bulgakov moved to Moscow and entered the service of the Glavpolitprosvet under the People's Commissariat for Education as a secretary, led by N.K. Krupskaya, wife of V.I. Lenin. In 1921, after the dissolution of the department, he collaborated with the newspapers Gudok, Rabochy and the magazines Red Journal for Everyone, medical worker”, “Russia” under the pseudonym Mikhail Bull and M.B., writes and publishes “Notes on the Cuffs” in 1922-1923, participates in the literary circles “Green Lamp”, “Nikitinsky Subbotniks”.

In 1924 he divorced his wife and in 1925 married Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya. This year the story is written dog's heart”, the plays “Zoyka’s Apartment” and “Days of the Turbins”, published satirical stories"Diaboliad", the story "Fatal Eggs".

In 1926, the play "Days of the Turbins" was staged with great success at the Moscow Art Theater, allowed on the personal instructions of I. Stalin, who visited it 14 times. In the theater. E. Vakhtangov with great success the premiere of the play "Zoyka's Apartment", which ran from 1926 to 1929, took place. M. Bulgakov moved to Leningrad, where he met with Anna Akhmatova and Yevgeny Zamyatin and was summoned several times for interrogation to the OGPU about his literary work. The Soviet press intensively scolds the work of Mikhail Bulgakov - for 10 years there have been 298 abusive reviews and positive ones.

In 1927, the play "Running" was written.

In 1929, Mikhail Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who became his third wife in 1932.

In 1929, the works of M. Bulgakov ceased to be published, the plays were forbidden to be staged. Then, on March 28, 1930, he wrote a letter to the Soviet government with a request either to give the right to emigrate, or to provide the opportunity to work at the Moscow Art Theater in Moscow. On April 18, 1930, I. Stalin called Bulgakov and recommended that he apply to the Moscow Art Theater with a request for enrollment.

1930-1936 Mikhail Bulgakov worked at the Moscow Art Theater in Moscow as an assistant director. The events of those years were described in the "Notes of a Dead Man" - "Theatrical Novel". In 1932, I. Stalin personally allowed the production of "Days of the Turbins" only in the Moscow Art Theater.

In 1934 Mikhail Bulgakov was admitted to Soviet Union writers and completed the first version of the novel The Master and Margarita.

In 1936, Pravda published a devastating article about the "false, reactionary and worthless" play "The Cabal of the Hypocrites", which had been rehearsed for five years at the Moscow Art Theater. Mikhail Bulgakov went to work at the Bolshoi Theater as a translator and libbretist.

In 1939 he wrote the play "Batum" about I. Stalin. During its production, a telegram arrived about the cancellation of the performance. And it began sharp deterioration health of Mikhail Bulgakov. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis was diagnosed, vision began to fall, and the writer began to use morphine again. At this time, he dictated to his wife the latest versions of the novel The Master and Margarita. The wife draws up a power of attorney to manage all the affairs of her husband. The novel The Master and Margarita was published only in 1966 and brought world fame writer.

On March 10, 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died; on March 11, the sculptor S.D. Merkulov removed the death mask from his face. M.A. Bulgakov was buried at Novodevichy cemetery, where, at the request of his wife, a stone from the grave of N.V. was installed on his grave. Gogol, nicknamed "Golgotha".

Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 3 (15), 1891 in Kiev in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov (1859-1907), an associate professor at the Kiev Theological Academy, and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya) (1869-1922). There were seven children in the family: Mikhail (1891 - 1940), Vera (1892-1972), Nadezhda (1893 - 1971), Varvara (1895-1954), Nikolai (1898-1966), Ivan (1900-1969) and Elena ( 1902-1954). In 1909, Mikhail Bulgakov graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University. In 1916 he received a doctor's degree and was sent to work in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk Province, then worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma. In 1915, Bulgakov enters into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa (1892-1982).

During civil war in February 1919, Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, but deserted almost immediately. In the same year, he manages to visit a doctor of the Red Cross, and then - in the White Guard armed forces South of Russia. For some time he Cossack troops spends in Chechnya, then in Vladikavkaz.

At the end of September 1921, Bulgakov moved to Moscow and began to collaborate as a feuilletonist with the capital's newspapers (Gudok, Rabochy) and magazines (Medical Worker, Rossiya, Vozrozhdenie). At the same time he publishes individual works in the newspaper Nakanune, published in Berlin. From 1922 to 1926, more than 120 reports, essays and feuilletons by Bulgakov were published in Gudok.

In 1923 Bulgakov joined the All-Russian Union of Writers. In 1924, he met Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya (1898-1987), who had recently returned from abroad, and who soon became his new wife.

In 1928, Bulgakov traveled with Lyubov Evgenievna to the Caucasus, visiting Tiflis, Batum, Zeleny Mys, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes. The premiere of the play Crimson Island is taking place in Moscow this year. Bulgakov came up with the idea of ​​a novel, later called “The Master and Margarita” (a number of researchers of Bulgakov’s work note the influence of the Austrian writer Gustav Meyrink in the design and writing of this novel, in particular, we can talk about the inspiration of such novels of the latter as “The Golem”, which Bulgakov read translated by D. Vygodsky, and "The Green Face"). The writer also begins work on a play about Molière ("The Cabal of Saints").

In 1929, Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, his future third wife.

In 1930, Bulgakov's works ceased to be printed, the plays were withdrawn from the theater repertoire. Prohibited from staging the play "Running", "Zoyka's apartment", "Crimson Island", the play "Days of the Turbins" was withdrawn from the repertoire. In 1930, Bulgakov wrote to his brother Nikolai in Paris about the unfavorable literary and theatrical situation and the difficult financial situation. At the same time, he wrote a letter to the Government of the USSR with a request to determine his fate - either to give the right to emigrate, or to provide the opportunity to work at the Moscow Art Theater. Bulgakov receives a call from Joseph Stalin, who recommends that the playwright ask to be enrolled in the Moscow Art Theater. In 1930 Bulgakov worked in Central theater working youth (TRAM). From 1930 to 1936 - at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director, on the stage of which in 1932 he staged "Dead Souls" by Nikolai Gogol. Since 1936 he worked in Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator.

In 1936 Bulgakov's Molière premiered at the Moscow Art Theater. In 1937, Bulgakov worked on the libretto "Minin and Pozharsky" and "Peter I".

In 1939, Bulgakov worked on the libretto "Rachel", as well as on a play about Stalin ("Batum"). Contrary to the writer's expectations, the play was banned from publication and staging. Bulgakov's health is deteriorating sharply. Doctors diagnose him with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. The writer begins to dictate to Elena Sergeevna the latest versions of the novel The Master and Margarita.

Since February 1940, friends and relatives have been constantly on duty at the bedside of Bulgakov, who suffers from kidney disease. March 10, 1940 Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died. On March 11, a civil memorial service was held in the building of the Union Soviet writers. Before the memorial service, the Moscow sculptor SD Merkurov removes the death mask from Bulgakov's face.

A concise description of Bulgakov's life can briefly explain the phenomenon brilliant writer passed through all life difficulties and trials, while remaining a real humanist. Mikhail Afanasyevich is the author of more than 170 works, including novels, plays, feuilletons, essays, stories, novellas, theatrical performances. Dry facts from his life can be found in Wikipedia, textbooks, the biography of the writer is well studied, but only in his work life realism, adorned with satire and humor, is revealed.

To understand what kind of person Mikhail Bulgakov is, one should understand his origin. Appeared future writer was born on May 15, 1891 in Kyiv in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich and Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakov, a teacher at the Theological Academy, state councilor and daughter of an archpriest. A large family, where, in addition to Mikhail, six more children were growing up, there were enough funds for a comfortable existence.

Varvara Mikhailovna, a refined intellectual who instilled in children a love for art, music, and reading, was engaged in raising children. Even the untimely death of the father of the family did not prevent the future author from graduating from the First Alexander Gymnasium, the cradle of the Kyiv intelligentsia.

In 1909, Bulgakov entered the Medical Faculty of Kiev University. In the works "Fatal Eggs" one can trace the author's sympathy for professors Persikov and Filipp Filippovich for a reason, since Bulgakov was a doctor by profession.

Years of wars and revolutions

According to information about Bulgakov from Wikipedia, in 1913 his personal life improved. The future author married Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa, the daughter of a nobleman.

The newlyweds settled in a rented apartment on Andreevsky Spusk, loved to visit theatrical plays, premieres, music concerts. Several times the young man went to Chaliapin's concerts. In the work of Bulgakov interesting fact was that the features of Chaliapin's Mephistopheles were reflected in Woland, the hero last novel writer.

In 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, Mikhail went to the front, to serve what he was by education - a doctor. The future author served in the field hospital until the autumn of 1916.

Returning from the front, Bulgakov went to the Smolensk province to take up the post of head of a rural hospital in Nikolino, Sychevsky district. A year later, the doctor was sent to serve as the head of the infectious and venereological department of a hospital in the city of Vyazma.

According to documents from the archives of the Zemstvo Council, the young man showed himself to be a good doctor, as evidenced by the facts:

• in the reception log total patients amounted to 15 thousand;
• all surgical operations performed by Bulgakov were successful.

Bulgakov's life and work was influenced by February Revolution. The writer described this event verbatim as follows: “Suddenly, history came menacingly.” After the events October revolution the doctor was exempted from military service and was able to return to Kyiv, where he was overwhelmed by a wave of civil war. Power changed constantly, and each needed the services of a good doctor. So Mikhail Afanasyevich served in the following armies:

1. Hetman Skoropadsky;
2. Petlyura, leader of the nationalist movement;
3. In the Red Army;
4. In the troops of Denikin.

Experienced events from Bulgakov's biography were briefly reflected in the "White Guard", in the stories "Raid" and "On the night of the 3rd", in "Days of the Turbins", in "Running". To understand the historical situation of those times, it is worth reading these works.

White Guard

Creation

Wikipedia claims that at the end of 1919 or at the beginning of 1920, Bulgakov's life changed dramatically: he left the ranks of Denikin's army. good doctor changed his medical practice, then who Bulgakov was in his main profession and education, and began to collaborate as an author in local newspapers. The first works of the writer were included in the collection "Tribute of Admiration" and were published in the spring of 1920 in local newspapers in the North Caucasus.

Interesting! The writer's sister recalled that Mikhail Bulgakov began writing in his first year of study at the university - the story was called "The Fire Serpent". This is a story about a man who is addicted to alcohol.

Staying in the Caucasus, authorbegan to defendherlegacyeclassics, entering into controversy withfiguresculturethose times. As a result, he was expelled from the sub-department of arts in the autumn of 1920. Bulgakov was left without a job and without a livelihood. In the spring of 1921, the life of an aspiring writer was changed by the successful dramatization of the play The Sons of Mullah. At young man there was an opportunity to move to Tiflis, and then to Batumi.

Moving to Moscow

In the autumn of 1921, Bulgakov decided to move to Moscow. For two months, Mikhail Afanasyevich worked as the secretary of the literary department of the Main Committee of Education, then he was left without work. Attempts to cooperate in private newspapers were not crowned with success.

The time of unemployment ended in the spring of 1922 - the author began to publish regularly on the pages of Moscow newspapers and magazines.

Chronological table of Bulgakov by works:

The crowning achievement of Mikhail Afanasyevich is the brilliant novel The Master and Margarita. Written over 10 years, a must-read, because it contains the entire life experience of the writer, conveys his vision of the meaning of life.

Useful Video: Documentary A Romance with a Secret

Years of criticism and persecution

Hstarting from 1914 authorlived hard years life, seen many wars, injustice, cruelty, but always remained an adherent of universal human values, he tried to convey them to people in his work. In the 1920s, Bulgakov's position was condemned. The works of Mikhail Afanasyevich were banned, not published and not staged on the theater stage.

In 1929 the attacks of the critics reached their apogee. The plays "Days of the Turbins", "Crimson Island" and the comedy "Zoyka's Apartment" were removed from the stage play. new play Molière was banned by the Glavrepertkom in the spring of 1930. Then Mikhail Bulgakov briefly wrote a letter to the government with a request to travel abroad because of the impossibility of existing in his homeland. Soon Stalin called him. So the writer, a doctor by education, was appointed to the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.

In 1932, the showings of "Days of the Turbins" were resumed, the play " dead souls» according to Gogol. In 1936 the author moved from Art Theater in the Bolshoi for the position of librettist.

In 1924, there were changes in Bulgakov's personal life - he divorced Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa and married Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya. And in 1932 he divorced his second wife and entered into a third marriage with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who took her husband's surname. It was her image that became the prototype of Margarita from the novel. Shilovskaya saved the author from loneliness in the last years of his life, and after his death she achieved the publication of the main works of the writer.

Bulgakov made his last attempt to publish his work in 1933 (the play The Life of Monsieur de Molière) and failed. Until his death on March 10, 1940, the master was no longer published. Before his death, Bulgakov went blind, doctors diagnosed hereditary kidney disease, from which Mikhail Afanasyevich's father died. final version The novel "The Master and Margarita" was completed by Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova under the dictation of the writer, who did not even see the draft of his work.

The autobiography is collected in several of his works “To a Secret Friend”, “Notes on the Cuffs”, “Notes of a Young Doctor”, in “Molière”, in the “White Guard”. These creations help to look into inner world writer, to see through his eyes the historical situation of that time.

To better understand who Mikhail Afanasyevich is, you should know that having a reputation as a semi-disgraced writer, he wrote to Stalin, asking not for himself, but for others. So, he asked for the arrested son and husband of Anna Akhmatova, for the exiled friend Nikolai Erdman.

Interesting! After meeting Elena Sergeevna in 1929, the author dedicated the unfinished story "Secret Friend" to her. The work describes Bulgakov's years of life in Moscow and work on the novel The White Guard. A kind of autobiography loved one, which could not be connected at the time.

Useful video: 10 Facts Mikhail Bulgakov

Conclusion

Who was Bulgakov? A writer who was rooting for a person, whether it be an outstanding Master or an unremarkable clerk. Mikhail Afanasyevich did not perceive literature with abstract pain and suffering, unreal heroes passing by the truth of life. Mysticism in works for Bulgakov - literary device shading reality in a satirical light, showing negative features modern life. With his work, he showed genuine humanism, close to us today.

• Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was born on May 3 (15), 1891 in Kyiv.
• Bulgakov's father, Afanasy Ivanovich, was an assistant professor at the Kyiv Theological Academy. He himself baptized his son, naming him in honor of the guardian of the city of Kyiv.
• The writer's mother's name was Varvara Mikhailovna (in her maiden name she bore the surname Pokrovskaya). Mikhail was the eldest of her seven children.
• 1901 - Mikhail Bulgakov enters the first class of the First Kyiv Men's Alexander Gymnasium.
• 1901 - 1909 - studying at the gymnasium.
• 1908 - Bulgakov meets his future wife Tatyana Lappa, the daughter of the manager of the Treasury. At that time she was also a high school student and came to Kyiv for holidays from Saratov.
• 1909 - admission to the medical faculty of Kyiv University.
• Summer 1914 - the beginning of the First World War. Bulgakov, a medical student, helps organize an infirmary for the wounded at the Treasury Chamber in Saratov, and works there as a doctor.
• April 1915 - the wedding of Mikhail Bulgakov and Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa in the Kiev-Podolsk Church of St. Nicholas the Good.
• A few weeks after the wedding, Bulgakov applied for a job as a doctor in the maritime department. The commission recognizes him unfit for military service for health reasons. However, the future writer is allowed to work in the Kiev military hospital.
• May - September 1916 - Bulgakov works as a doctor in front-line hospitals in Kamenetz-Podolsk, Chernivtsi. At this time, he was enlisted as a reserve doctor of the Moscow Military Sanitary Administration for secondment at the disposal of the Smolensk governor in order to work in the zemstvos. Begins practice at the Nikolskaya zemstvo hospital in the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province.
• October 1916 - Mikhail Bulgakov receives a diploma at Kiev University. According to the document, he is approved "with the degree of doctor with honors with all the rights and benefits, laws Russian Empire assigned to this degree. This period includes the first literary experiments Bulgakov.
• Summer 1917 - after performing a tracheotomy on a child with diphtheria, Bulgakov, in order not to get infected, inoculates himself against this disease. Strong side effects from the vaccination, he drowns out the morphine, after which he begins to use morphine regularly.
• Autumn 1917 - Mikhail Bulgakov is transferred to the Vyazemsky city zemstvo hospital as head of the infectious and venereal department. Then he begins to work on a series of autobiographical stories, where he describes cases from his medical practice in the Nikolskaya hospital.
• February 1918 - the Bulgakov family returns to Kyiv. Mikhail Bulgakov's stepfather, doctor Ivan Pavlovich Voskresensky, helps him get rid of morphine addiction. Bulgakov begins private medical practice specializing in venereology.
• The beginning of 1919 - Mikhail Bulgakov was mobilized into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, but a few days later he deserted during the retreat of troops from Kyiv.
• Autumn 1919 - by different versions, Bulgakov either goes over to the side of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, or is captured by them during street fighting. One way or another, he becomes a doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment. Together with the regiment, he goes to the Caucasus, to pacify the rebels in Chechen-aul and Shali-aul Chechens. In Vladikavkaz, Bulgakov works in a military hospital.
• The same period - Mikhail Bulgakov begins to professionally engage in literature and leaves medicine. He becomes a correspondent for the newspapers Grozny, Kavkaz and Kavkazskaya Gazeta.
• November 26, 1919 - the day of the first publication of Bulgakov. With the signature of M.B. in the newspaper "Grozny" a feuilleton "Future Prospects" is published.
• 1921 - moving to Moscow. Bulgakov enters the service of the Glavpolitprosvet under the People's Commissariat of Education as a secretary. Glavpolitprosvet is headed by N.K. Krupskaya, who helps the Bulgakovs settle in Moscow.
• The end of 1921 - the department where Bulgakov works was disbanded. He gets a job in the newspaper "Commercial and Industrial Bulletin" as head of the chronicle. At the same time, he writes "Notes on the cuffs."
• 1922 - Bulgakov collaborates with several newspapers at once, including the Literary Supplement to the Berlin newspaper Nakanune. His stories, reports, articles and feuilletons are published signed by M.B. and pseudonyms Bull, M. Bull, Mikhail Bull, etc. The writer participates in literary circles and communities (“The Green Lamp”, “Nikitinsky Subbotniks”).
• 1923 - work on the novel "The White Guard".
• 1924 - Mikhail Bulgakov divorces Tatyana Nikolaevna. In the same year, he met Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya, his future second wife. With Belozerskaya they are working together on a comedy from french life(not finished).
• 1925 - "Heart of a Dog", "Zoyka's Apartment" and "Days of the Turbins" were written. In April, the writer marries Belozerskaya. In the same year, a collection of works by Mikhail Bulgakov "The Diaboliad" was published.
• 1926 - moving to Leningrad. Bulgakov quickly enters the circle of poets and writers, establishes friendly relations with Anna Akhmatova and Yevgeny Zamyatin. The OGPU is interested in the writer, he is repeatedly summoned for interrogations related to his literary work.
• 1928 - the play "Running" was written.
• 1929 - an order is issued to remove from the repertoire Soviet theaters all plays by the playwright. Mikhail Bulgakov writes letters to Stalin and Kalinin with a request to be allowed to emigrate, since he cannot earn money here. The acquaintance with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who later became the third wife of the writer, dates back to the same year.
• 1930 - return to Moscow, where Bulgakov becomes the director of the Moscow Art Theater. This is preceded by a personal conversation with I.V. Stalin.
• 1932 - divorce from Belozerskaya and marriage to E.S. Shilovskaya.
• June 1934 - Bulgakov was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.
• 1936 - the beginning of cooperation with Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator.
• 1938 - Bulgakov finishes work on the novel The Master and Margarita.
• 1939 - Bulgakov was diagnosed with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Some time ago, his father died of the same disease. Bulgakov's wife Elena Sergeevna draws up a power of attorney to manage all her husband's affairs.
• March 10, 1940 - Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov dies. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov- Russian prose writer and playwright, author of the famous novel "The Master and Margarita", which belongs to the best examples modernist prose. Bulgakov's work is permeated with the pathos of affirming "eternal" values, closely related to the orientation towards the development of traditions. classical literature, V including- her satirical-fantastic line, aimed at exposing the vices of reality and human nature. Buried alive during his lifetime as a writer, Bulgakov, many years after his death, turned into a cult figure and one of the leading representatives of the "unofficial" Russian literature of the Soviet era.

The life of M. Bulgakov in dates and facts

May 15, 1891- was born in Kyiv in the family of a professor at the Theological Seminary. He studied at the gymnasium, then at the medical faculty of the Kyiv University of St. Vladimir.

1916- after receiving a diploma with honors, he served in front-line hospitals; after being discharged from the army for health reasons, he practiced as a doctor in the Russian provinces.

1918- returned to Kyiv, where he opened his own medical office. Bulgakov tried to give away his free time from receiving patients literary creativity, but in the conditions of the civil war, it was extremely difficult to establish writing work. According to the writer, in 1917 -1918. power changed fourteen times in Kyiv, and each time he was brought in to help the wounded, who belonged to different political camps.

1919- as a military doctor, Bulgakov joined the "white" army, retreating to the south of Russia, from where he hoped to travel abroad. However, fleeing from the "Reds", the comrades left him, seriously ill, to the mercy of fate in Vladikavkaz. Having miraculously recovered, Bulgakov took up literary work. Gradually, he began to publish his works in the local press and stage them on the local stage.

1921- the writer moved to Moscow, where he was forced to join in a tough struggle for survival. In search of a livelihood, he worked as an entertainer, editor of a chronicle in a private newspaper, an engineer in the Scientific and Technical Committee, as well as a journalist in the railway newspaper Gudok, which brought together a galaxy of talented writers.

1923- wrote a story "Notes on Cuffs".

1924 -1925- the first and second parts of the novel were published in the magazine "Russia" "White Guard". Further publication of the work was interrupted due to the closure of the magazine.

1925 -1928 — collections of prose were created "Fatal Eggs", "Diaboliad", "Notes of a Young Doctor", "Stories".

1927 -1929- The White Guard novel was published in Riga and Paris. Based on it, Bulgakov wrote a play "Days of the Turbins", having great success.

in winter 1928 -1929- met Elena Shilovskaya, who became his future third wife and the psychological prototype of the image of Margarita from the novel " Master and Margarita". In the same winter, the first drafts of the text appeared, from which subsequently grew famous novel. Bulgakov worked on this work until the end of his days. Merciless persecution unleashed literary critics, and censorship bans on the publication and staging of his works forced the writer to turn to the government of the USSR with a desperate letter, in which he demanded either to give him the opportunity to work in the country, or to allow him to travel abroad. In response to this letter, Stalin unexpectedly called Bulgakov and offered him a position as a director at the Moscow Art Theater. academic theater(MKhAT). material from the site

1930s — as before deprived of the opportunity to earn his own literary work, Bulgakov was engaged in dramatization of works literary classics, in particular on " Dead souls» N. Gogol, «War and Peace» by L. Tolstoy, «Don Quixote» by M. Cervantes. At the same time he worked on own works: plays "Adam and Eve"(1931),"Bliss"(1934), "Ivan Vasilyevich"(1934 — 1936), "Molière"("The Cabal of the Saints", 1936),"Last days"("Pushkin", 1940), biographical story"The Life of Monsieur de Molière"(1932 — 1933), "Theatrical romance"(remained unfinished, 1936 -1937) "The Master and Margarita"(1929 — 1940).

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