Tale " dog's heart”was donated by M. Bulgakov to the reader in difficult times. This is one of the selected works, depicting the realities of the then totalitarian system. The fantastic and the real are intertwined in the work and veiledly convey to the reader the reality of what is happening during the period of the 1930s. IX Art. The lines of the narrative give the reader the opportunity to analyze, correlate the consequences October revolution the rule of the proletariat.
Professor Preobrazhensky dreamed, planned to conduct an experiment "with all his own". The essence was in the transplantation of the heart of an animal to a dying person. Similar experiments received attention, were carried out on the territory Soviet states. The results and the operations themselves were hushed up by the party elite. To conduct the experiment, the professor found a yard dog on the street, lured him into his house with a sausage, and prepared him for the operation. The experience went well.
Sharikov is a newly minted citizen of the totalitarian system, a representative of the proletariat, a fighter for equality and "justice". He considers himself a respected person, but retains the habits of an animal. The intellectual Preobrazhensky is trying to cope with the uncontrollable, expressive nature of his experimental subject. The final turning point was the threat of privatization by Sharikov of a part of the living space that belonged to the professor.
By using fantasy genre the story "Heart of a Dog" reveals the reality of post-revolutionary events. The proletariat at the head of the state is portrayed as a kind of experiment. An analogy is drawn with the reincarnation of an animal into a person, when this contradicts nature itself. Sharikov absorbed all the flaws of the lower strata, who finally seized power, but having received such an opportunity, he reformed everything clumsily, arrogantly.
The professor had no other way to eliminate Sharikov, despite the unspent efforts and perseverance. Drawing a parallel between the events of the fantastic and the real, Sharikov was never able to become a man, and history confirmed the impossibility of the domination of the working class by hastening the collapse of the "communist" system.
I have read many works different writers. But most of all I like the work of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. Unfortunately, he died in 1940. All his works are original in style and structure, they are all easy to read and leave a deep imprint on the soul. I especially like Bulgakov's satire. I have read such books as "Fatal Eggs", "Heart of a Dog" and, in my opinion, Bulgakov's most remarkable book, "The Master and Margarita". Even when I first read this book, I was overwhelmed by a huge amount of impressions. I cried and laughed at the pages of this novel. So why did I like this book so much?
In the thirties of the 20th century, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov began work on his main book, the book of life - The Master and Margarita. He did greatest contribution into literature Soviet period writing such a wonderful book.
"The Master and Margarita" was written as "a novel within a novel": chronologically, it depicts the thirties in Moscow, and also gives a historical plan for events taking place two millennia ago. It seems to me that such a peculiar plot was given by Bulgakov in order to compare the psychology of people, their goals, their desires, in order to understand how society has succeeded in its development.
The novel begins with a meeting Patriarch's Ponds MASSOLIT Chairman Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz and the young writer Ivan Bezdomny. Berlioz criticized Bezdomny's article on religion for the fact that Ivan outlined Jesus in his article in very black colors, and Berlioz wanted to prove to people that "Christ really does not exist and could not exist." Then they meet a very strange person, apparently a foreigner, who, with his story, takes them two millennia back, to ancient city Yer-shalaim, where he introduces them to Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri (a slightly modified image of Christ). This man is trying to prove to writers that there is Satan, and if there is Satan, then, therefore, there is Jesus. The foreigner says strange things, predicts to Berlioz his quick death through cutting off his head, and, naturally, writers take him for a madman. But later the prediction comes true and Berlioz, who has fallen under a tram, cuts his head. Ivan is perplexed, tries to catch up with the departing stranger, but to no avail. Ivan is trying to figure out who this a strange man, but he understands this only later, in crazy house that it is Satan himself - Woland.
Berlioz and Ivan are only the first to suffer at the hands of the devil. Then something incredible happens in the city. It seems that Satan has arrived to spoil everyone's life, but is it really so? No. It's just that every millennium the devil himself comes to Moscow to see if people have changed during this time. Woland acts from the side of the observer, and all the tricks are played by his retinue (Koroviev, Behemoth, Azazello and Gella). The performance in the variety show was arranged by him only in order to evaluate people, and he concludes: “Well ... they are people like people. They love money, but it has always been... Mankind loves money, no matter what it is made of... Well, frivolous... well, well... housing problem only spoiled them ... "As a result of the actions of Satan Woland and his retinue in Moscow, deceit, greed, arrogance, deceit, gluttony, meanness, hypocrisy, cowardice, envy and other vices of Moscow society in the thirties of the XX century are revealed. But is the whole society so low and greedy?
In the middle of the novel, we meet Margarita, who sells her soul to the devil in order to save her loved one. Boundless and pure love it is so strong that even Satan Woland himself is unable to resist it. Margarita was a woman who had wealth, loving husband, in general, everything that any other woman could dream of. But was Margarita happy? No. She was surrounded wealth, but the soul suffered from loneliness all his life. Margarita is my ideal woman. She strong in spirit, persistent, brave, kind and gentle woman. She is fearless, because she was not afraid of Woland and his retinue, proud, because she did not ask until she herself was asked, and her soul is not devoid of compassion, because when her deepest desire was to be fulfilled, she remembered poor Frida who promised salvation. Loving the Master, Margarita saves the most important thing for him, the goal of his whole life is his manuscript.
The master was probably sent by God to Margarita. Their meeting, it seems to me, was predetermined: “She carried disgusting disturbing yellow flowers… And I was struck not so much by her beauty as by the extraordinary, invisible loneliness in her eyes! Obeying this yellow sign, “I also turned into an alley and followed in her footsteps ...”
The misunderstood souls of the Master and Margarita find each other, love helps them to endure, to pass all the trials of fate. Free and loving souls them finally belong to eternity. They were rewarded for their suffering. Although they are not worthy of the “light” because both have sinned: the Master did not fight to the end for the purpose of his life, and Margarita left her husband and entered into a deal with Satan, they deserve eternal rest. Together with Woland and his retinue, they leave this city forever.
So who is Woland anyway? Is he a positive or a negative character? It cannot, it seems to me, be regarded as either positive or villain. He is "...a part of that power that always wants evil and always does good." He personifies the devil in the novel, but with his calmness, prudence, wisdom, nobility and peculiar charm, he destroys the usual idea of \u200b\u200b"black power". That's probably why he became my favorite character.
The complete opposite of Woland in the novel is Yeshua Ga-Notsri. This is a righteous man who came to save the world from evil. For him, all people are kind, " evil people does not exist, there are only the unfortunate.” He believes that the worst sin is fear. Indeed, it was the fear of losing his career that made Pontius Pilate sign Yeshua's death warrant and thus doom himself to torment for two millennia. And it was the fear of new torments that did not allow the Master to finish the work of his whole life.
And in conclusion, I want to say that the novel "The Master and Margarita" not only really likes me, but also teaches me not to be like everyone else negative characters this novel. It makes you think about who you are, what is going on in your soul, what good you have done to people. The novel helps to understand that one must be above all troubles, strive for the best and not be afraid of anything.
My favorite story.
My favorite story by M.A. Bulgakov “Dog
heart". I will briefly describe this story and what I think about it.
"U-u-u-u-u-u-u!" - those strange sounds
the story of M.A. Bulgakov begins. They hear pain and fear
a dying creature capable of appreciating and "a scoundrel in a dirty cap"
from the dining room "Normal food", which splashed boiling water and scalded
the left side of the dog, and cooks: "for example, the late Vlas from Prechistenka."
How many lives he saved! I liked the way Bulgakov shows Moscow.
He shows her the way a yard dog can see her.
A dog living in terrible conditions is capable of
sympathize with people who find themselves in the same position as her.
In this story, the writer introduced me to the atmosphere
life of post-revolutionary Moscow. And the fact that this ugly picture is given
through the eyes of a dog, makes it even more terrifying: hunger, theft, poverty,
sickness, cruelty, humiliation. The death of the intelligentsia is vividly expressed.
One of the main characters of the story is Professor
Preobrazhensky is a world famous scientist, doctor, clever, absolutely
confident that "devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads." Surname
Preobrazhensky is not accidental. Philip Philipovich is not just a doctor, he is a "magician"
"wizard", "sorcerer", transducer who tries to find a way
"improvements of the human race". The idea of transforming the world is old and
noble, she was supported the best minds in history but it's an idea
transformation, not destruction. From the very first pages of the story, we
we plunge into the atmosphere of destruction, devastation, into a world where everything is built
according to the law: "Who was nobody, he will become everything." But the professor's experiment
Preobrazhensky leads to unexpected results. Unhappy dog Sharik
becomes citizen Sharikov and from his appearance in the professor's apartment
devastation begins, it takes on catastrophic proportions, and instead of
in order to do business, to operate, Preobrazhensky is forced
receive Shvonder, listen to threats, defend himself, write countless
papers to legitimize the existence of Polygraph Poligrafovich. Violated
whole house life.
The collapse of such experiments is inevitable, because
it is impossible to “humanize” something that has ceased to be human, having lost
spiritual and moral basis on which relations are built between
society and the individual. That's why the dog humanization experiment
failed.
I really liked this story because it has a lot of
brilliance, fiction, captivating artistic truth and in its satirical
chapters, and in full lyricism, sadness and anger of this whole story, despite
that this is the first literary work who dares
To be youreself.
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL-LABORATORY № 25
COMPOSITION
Subject: My favorite story.
Pupils of the 8th "G" class
All will pass. And the stars will remain
M. Bulgakov
Much has already been said today about M. A. Bulgakov as a great master of the word, the author of the play "Days of the Turbins", the story "Heart of a Dog", the novel "The Master and Margarita". But the writer began with the theme of the White Guard, since Bulgakov saw it all, knew it, loved the Russian intelligentsia and wanted to understand its tragedy.
"I love the novel ϶ᴛόᴛ more than all my things," the author wrote about The White Guard. True, the pinnacle novel "The Master and Margarita" had not yet been written. But of course, " white guard"occupies a very important place in literary heritage Bulgakov. Why did I like this work, which I read in one breath? The most important thing, perhaps, is not even that the writer showed the revolution through the eyes of white officers.
The value of M. Bulgakov's novel is in the subtlest emotional aura of spirituality, which is spilled in a world surrounded by cream curtains, where, "despite the guns", a starched and clean tablecloth, there are roses on the table, where a woman is a demigoddess, and honor - in fidelity not only to the banner of St. Andrew, the king, but also to the ᴛᴏʙarishchestvo, duty to the younger and weak.
And this book excites me, as well as the writer, because it is full of memories of my native Kyiv.
This novel attracts us even today precisely by the strength and depth of the author's thoughts and feelings. This is a bright, poetic book about childhood, adolescence and youth, lyrical dreams and dreams about lost happiness. And at the same time, it is obvious that The White Guard is a historical novel, a strict and sad story about the great turning point of the revolution and the tragedy civil war, about blood, horror, confusion, ridiculous deaths.
As if from the height of time, Bulgakov is looking at this tragedy, although the civil war has just ended. Information from the site Bigreferat.ru / site "The year after Christmas 1918 was great and terrible," he writes. Events dragged and swept ordinary people, mere mortals into their whirlpool. These people are rushing about, cursing, like Alexei Turbin, who involuntarily became a participant in the created evil. Infected with the hatred of the crowd, he attacks the boy, the paperboy: the chain reaction of evil infects good people as well. Nikolka looks at life incomprehensibly, Elena looks for her ways. But they all live, love, suffer.
Many witnesses of the revolution and civil war spoke of the terrible elements that swept over Russia, crippled human fates. The world is rearing up and plunged into chaos. Immersed in the fog of chaos and the City. Not just Kyiv, not just a city, but a certain symbol of general devastation and tragedy, although it was precisely Kyiv, the writer's hometown. City, love, home, war... Roman ϶ᴛόᴛ about the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in the era of revolution. Bulgakov painted a deeply intelligent Russian way of life, a way of life. Here they are congenial to human weaknesses, attentive, sincere. There is no arrogance, swagger, stiffness
In the house of the Turbins, they are irreconcilable to everything that is beyond the threshold of decency. But the Talbergs and Lisovichi live next to the Turbins.
The most cruel blows of fate are taken by those who are faithful to their duty, who are decent. But Thalberg and his ilk know how to settle down, know how to survive. Leaving his wife Elena and her brothers, he flees from Kyiv with the Petliurists. There's a war going on ideas. But do ideas fight? Turbins are monarchists in their views, but for them the monarchy is not so much a tsar as the most holy pages of Russian history, which are traditionally associated with the names of tsars. With all the rejection of the ideology of the revolution, the author understood the main thing: it is the fruit of the most shameful centuries-old oppression, moral and physical, of the masses.
Leading the story, Bulgakov seems to remain neutral. He notes with equal objectivity the courage of the Bolsheviks and the honor of the white officers. But Bulgakov hates. He hates Petliura and the Petliurists, for whom human life is worth nothing. He despises politicians who incite hatred and malice in the hearts of people, because hatred rules their actions. With lofty words about the city, the mother of Russian cities, they cover up their cowardly deeds, and the city is flooded with blood.
Love and hate clashed in the novel, and love wins. This is the love of Elena and Shervinsky. Love is above everything in the world. There can be no more humane conclusion from the drama that we are witnessing when reading the novel Man and Humanity Above All. This is stated by Bulgakov in his novel. Turbines have managed to save honor from a young age and have survived, losing a lot and paying dearly for mistakes and naivety. Enlightenment, albeit later, nevertheless came. These are the main meaning and lesson of M. A. Bulgakov's historical novel The White Guard, which make this book modern and timely.
List of used literature and sources
To prepare this work, materials from the site http://www.site
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The novel "Master and Margarita" - the final work of M. A. Bulgakov
The talent of M. A. Bulgakov gave Russian literature remarkable works that reflected not only modern writer era, but also a real encyclopedia of human souls. In the early 1920s, he conceived the novel The Engineer with a Hoof, but since 1937 the author has given it a different name - The Master and Margarita. The novel turned out last book M. A. Bulgakov. And it is written as if the author, feeling in advance that it is his last work, I wanted to put into it without a trace all my unrestrained imagination, all my most important thoughts and discoveries, all my soul. "The Master and Margarita" is an extraordinary creation, hitherto unseen in Russian literature. This is an incredible, insanely talented fusion of Gogol's satire and Dante's poetry, a fusion of high and low, funny and lyrical....
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Composition on the topic: "M. A. Bulgakov - master of satire" ( Bulgakov. Composition. "Dog's heart").
One of the brightest and famous works Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov is considered "Heart of a Dog". This story perfectly reveals the satirical talent of the writer. The author wrote his work back in 1925, but in Russia it was published sixty-two years later. For half a century, the existence of this story was not known in Russia, since censorship considered it political satire on the Soviet regime that dominated the country.
Indeed, the author depicted in his work a socio-historical picture of the then Russia, contrasting the life of different social strata of society after the global experiment - the revolution. The author tries to analyze its consequences using the example of a scientific experiment of his heroes. The story highlights the main problems of that time: the change of political power, further way intellectuals, questions of morality. Reality and fantasy are closely intertwined in a bizarre plot in which one can easily understand the true subtext.
The scientific experiment in the story is carried out by Professor Preobrazhensky, a talented surgeon. With his image, Bulgakov identifies the intelligentsia. The representative of the new type of people that the revolution gave birth to is Polygraph Sharikov.
Preobrazhensky appears in the story as a creator who created a new, but dangerous person. The plot is based on the history of the relationship between an artificial creation and its creator. Bulgakov boldly expresses his opinion about such experiments - he does not believe that Preobrazhensky has the moral right to conduct them.
The professor fattened the yard dog, after which he tried to surgically transplant the pituitary gland of a man who had died the day before. The operation was a success and the dog is on the mend. But the changes began to happen too rapidly: the dog's hair fell out, she began to walk on hind legs and talk.
The author raises such a problem of a by-product of the revolution as immorality. It turned out that the male donor was a walking drunk who did nothing but scold, steal and talk loudly about proletarian ideas. Sharikov inherited all this, embodying all the pernicious traits of the people. To climb the social ladder, Sharikov decides to lead the cleanup of the city from stray cats, although he himself recently shed his dog skin. The impudence of the Polygraph knows no bounds. He easily picks up the main principles of the Bolshevik regime: devastation and universal equality. Sharikov does not know what morality is, he feels only those feelings that accompanied his two past lives.
The professor is overwhelmed with regrets about the operation, an epiphany comes to him. “The devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads” - with these words, belonging to Preobrazhensky, the author ridicules the Soviet regime. The professor fails to re-educate the product of his experiment, so he decides on another operation that would return the proper state of affairs. The operation was a success again, and Sharikov switched to barking again, becoming a dog.
In the epilogue of the story, when the professor shows the police dog to prove his innocence, it sounds the main idea author: "... he said ... This does not mean to be a man ...". Creatures like Sharikov do not outwardly differ from ordinary people, but human feelings are alien to them. At the first opportunity, their inhumanity is revealed, exposing their vile nature. Unfortunately, the Sharikovs often achieve power by adversely influencing others, because immoral people are much easier to manage.
Mikhail Bulgakov is rightfully considered a master of satire, because in his hands she became a real weapon. A man with a dog's heart is a threat to society of any era. The writer's story does not lose its relevance in our time, being a kind of warning that should be heeded.
