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The term lumpen. Beyond the usual life

The term lumpen. Beyond the usual life

08.03.2019

Later, all declassed sections of the population (tramps, beggars, criminal elements, and others) began to be called "lumpen". In most cases, a lumpen is a person who does not have any property and lives on odd jobs.

Lumpen - declassed elements, people without social roots, moral code, ready to unreasonably obey the strong, that is, possessing this moment real power. (TGiP, textbook for universities, prof. V. M. Karelsky and prof. V. D. Perevalov)

Lumpenization of society means an increase in the proportion of these strata in the population and the spread of the psychology of the lumpen in conditions of a social crisis.

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Synonyms:

See what "Lumpen" is in other dictionaries:

Proletariat, vagabond, tramp Dictionary of Russian synonyms. lumpen see tramp Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

Ah, m., breath. (… Dictionary foreign words Russian language

A person who does not have any property and lives by odd jobs. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

LUMPEN, a, husband. (colloquial). A declassed layer of people (criminals, vagabonds, beggars), as well as (colloquial), a person belonging to such a layer. | adj. lumpensky, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

lumpen- declassed proletarians, people who have fallen out of the life of society, vagrants, beggars, petty criminals, etc ... Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary by I. Mostitsky

lumpen- PROLETARIAT - Synfiy җәmgyyattә үzlәrenenң syynfy yozlәren yugaltkan keshelәr katlavy (sukbaylar, khәerchelәr һ. b.) ... Tatar telenen anlatmaly suzlege

lumpen- LUMPEN, a, m Razg. A person alienated from property, a beggar, degraded, deprived moral principles and criteria (initially about the representatives of the proletariat). In the writings of the last century, the lumpen proletariat was condemned only for ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

M. 1. A representative of a declassed stratum of society, who turned out to be alienated from property, cut off from production activities, who lost professional qualification deprived of moral principles; beggar, vagabond, degraded ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

lumpen- l umpen, ah ... Russian spelling dictionary

lumpen- (2 m); pl. lu / mpen, R. lu / mpen ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

Books

The theory of the dictatorship of the lumpen proletariat, Sergei Svetunkov. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. Studying the literature on the history of the USSR and modern Russia, you can find out numerous details ...

1 Many of us, walking along the beautiful and elegant streets of our cities, have noticed more than once people who are dressed in dirty clothes, they carry a strong fumes, they make inarticulate sounds, and can sleep on the ground. Some call such citizens Scourges, but in fact common name similar personalities "Lumpen". What does lumpen mean?? What does marginal mean? Before you continue, I want to introduce you to several informative publications on the subject of prison jargon, for example, who is called Rook, how to understand the word Spread, who is Glinomes, what is called Nail, etc. The word Lumpen was borrowed from the German term "Lumpen "and translates as rags. This concept came up with a popular figure among the communists, Karl Marx. By this term, he denoted people from the lower strata of society.
After some time, Lumpens began to be called all declassed elements, such as criminals, vagabonds, beggars, homeless, bichi, etc.

lumpen- this is a person who is not interrupted permanent earnings, and not owning

When the term is used Lumpenization of society", then this means an increase in the percentage of these strata among the population and the general spread of lumpen psychology during the social and economic crisis.

What does marginal mean?

The term "Marginal" comes from the Latin word "margo" and translates as "edge". This concept denotes people who are, as it were, between different social groups, culture, system and are influenced by them, which sometimes strongly contradict each other.

Marginal- this is a person who rejects some traditions and values of the culture in which it appears, while creating their own system of values and norms

What is the difference between Lumpen and Marginal?

From the above, it can be concluded that Lumpens are one who has lost contact with his social group and, most importantly, said goodbye to work. Whereas Marginal is the person who hangs out," like g ... in the hole", neither here nor there. He moved away from his social group, but is not going to join any other. That is, he is a person who has lost his "roots." For example, he lived all his life in the city, but suddenly moved to the village, where for everything is unfamiliar to him.

To designate the lower strata of the proletariat. Later, all declassed segments of the population (tramps, beggars, criminal elements and other asocial personalities) began to be called lumpen. In most cases, a lumpen is a person who does not have any property and lives on odd jobs or receives state social benefits in various forms.

Lumpens are declassed elements, people without social roots, moral code, ready to recklessly obey the strong, that is, who currently has real power.

Declassed elements in Soviet and post-Soviet sociology, members of society who do not belong to any social class. These include the unemployed, prisoners, the mentally ill, beggars, vagrants, and the like.

Lumpenization of society means an increase in the proportion of these strata in the population and the spread of lumpen psychology in conditions of social inequality and crisis.

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Notes

Links

Lumpen proletariat // Lombard - Mezitol. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1974. - (Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, v. 15).
// Olshansky D.V. Fundamentals of political psychology: Tutorial for universities / D.V. Olshansky. - Ekaterinburg: business book, 2001. - 496 p.
// Sanzharevsky I. I., Titarenko V. A. . - Tambov: Publishing House of the State Unitary Enterprise "Tambov Printing House" Proletarian Light ", 2002. - 432 p.

An excerpt characterizing Lumpen

“Very,” said Pierre.
Passing by, Prince Vasily grabbed Pierre by the hand and turned to Anna Pavlovna.
“Educate me this bear,” he said. - Here he lives with me for a month, and for the first time I see him in the light. Nothing is needed young man as a society of smart women.

Anna Pavlovna smiled and promised to take care of Pierre, who, she knew, was related to Prince Vasily on her father's side. The elderly lady, who had previously been sitting with ma tante, hastily got up and overtook Prince Vasily in the hall. All the old pretense of interest was gone from her face. Her kind, weepy face expressed only anxiety and fear.
- What will you tell me, prince, about my Boris? she said, catching up with him in the front. (She pronounced the name Boris with a special emphasis on o). – I cannot stay longer in Petersburg. Tell me, what news can I bring to my poor boy?
Despite the fact that Prince Vasily listened reluctantly and almost impolitely to the elderly lady and even showed impatience, she smiled affectionately and touchingly at him and, so that he would not leave, took his hand.
“That you should say a word to the sovereign, and he will be directly transferred to the guards,” she asked.
“Believe me that I will do everything I can, princess,” answered Prince Vasily, “but it’s hard for me to ask the sovereign; I would advise you to turn to Rumyantsev, through Prince Golitsyn: that would be smarter.
The elderly lady bore the name of Princess Drubetskaya, one of best surnames Russia, but she was poor, long gone from the world and lost her former connections. She has come now to secure a position in the guards for her only son. Only then, in order to see Prince Vasily, did she name herself and come to Anna Pavlovna's for the evening, only then did she listen to the history of the viscount. She was frightened by the words of Prince Vasily; sometime Beautiful face she was exasperated, but it lasted only a minute. She smiled again and gripped Prince Vasili more firmly by the arm.
“Listen, prince,” she said, “I never asked you, I will never ask, I never reminded you of my father’s friendship for you. But now, I conjure you by God, do this for my son, and I will consider you a benefactor,” she added hastily. - No, you are not angry, but you promise me. I asked Golitsyn, he refused. Soyez le bon enfant que vous avez ete, [Be a good fellow, as you were,] she said, trying to smile, while there were tears in her eyes.
“Papa, we will be late,” said Princess Helene, turning her beautiful head on antique shoulders, who was waiting at the door.
But influence in the world is a capital that must be protected so that it does not disappear. Prince Vasily knew this, and once he realized that if he began to ask for everyone who asks him, then soon he would not be able to ask for himself, he rarely used his influence. In the case of Princess Drubetskaya, however, after her new call, he felt something like a reproach of conscience. She reminded him of the truth: he owed his first steps in the service to her father. In addition, he saw from her methods that she was one of those women, especially mothers, who, once taking something into their heads, will not lag behind until they fulfill their desires, otherwise they are ready for daily, every minute pestering and even on the stage. This last consideration shook him.

As we remember from school history, the term lumpen-proletariat was introduced by Marx, thus denoting its lower stratum. Translated from German, the word means "rags".

Gradually, the semantic content of this concept expanded, and everyone who sank to the “bottom” of society began to be called lumpen: vagabonds, criminals, beggars, prostitutes and all kinds of dependents.

Summarizing the well-known definitions, we can say that the word lumpen now unites a class of people deprived of personal property and surviving by odd jobs, who prefer to live on certain social benefits.

Folk art

IN modern language, actively replenished by youth slang, this concept has expanded even more. Now, when pronouncing the word lumpen, its meaning can be understood at least in three ways:

A man from the bottom (homeless, alcoholic, drug addict);

A person outside of society (marginal);

An unprincipled person who does not comply with the norms of public morality (scum).

Thus, now a member of any class of society can be called a lumpen if his actions fit one of three categories. Here, for example, are phrases from the mass media: “the lumpen people are growing and multiplying”, “yes, I am a lumpen intellectual” or “there is such a ruling class in Russia - the lumpen bureaucracy”.

Who are the lumpen: the roots of life philosophy

Historians have determined that the first lumpen appeared in antiquity, and gave rise to this class. In ancient Roman society, the economy was based on the use of the labor of numerous slaves, and small landowners, unable to compete with large farms, quickly went bankrupt. This gave rise to a mass resettlement of peasants who had lost their land in the city.

Nominally, they had all the rights, as citizens of the Roman state: they could participate in elections, had them at city meetings. However, they did not have any property, and neither did they have jobs, which forced them to support their existence by "selling" their votes in support of wealthy clients, or to provide other small services.

The Roman government decided to provide financial assistance to these people in the form of a weighty measure of grain (about one and a half kilograms per day), which they received according to special lists.

In Rome alone, the lumpen proletariat numbered about 300,000 by the beginning of the first millennium. He began to take an active part in all political and military brawls. Without their own constructive interests, these people were ready to serve anyone - just to provide themselves with food and simple pleasures.

Outcasts - "border guards" of society

Well, what about marginals? Translated from Latin, it means "marginal" and refers to a person who has separated himself from his social group, but has not been able to integrate into any other. The number of marginals increases significantly when there are too rapid changes in the social order: reforms, revolutions, etc.

In Russia, this process began with the reign of Alexander II and continued through the efforts of Witte and Stolypin. By the beginning of the 20th century, our country already had a significant stratum of marginals of various kinds.

Trace in Russian literature

The outcasts and lumpen stand out with their special psychology, quite vividly captured in our classical literature, for example, Maxim Gorky, who described who the lumpens are. In the play "At the Bottom" he brought together representatives of all social strata: the Baron - from the nobility, the Actor - from the people of art, Satin - from the technical intelligentsia, Bubnov - from the townspeople, Luka - from the peasants, and Kleshch - from the proletarians.

But not all outcasts can be classified as lumpen. It is enough to disagree with the attitudes of one's circle, while outwardly remaining on the same social level. So, in Nekrasov's poem “Who is living well in Rus'?”, in fact, everyone is living badly - from priests to lackeys.

If we consider the heroes of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard from this position, then they all fall under the definition of outcasts: landlords who are forced by circumstances to sell their land; servants with whom they part; lackey, still experiencing the abolition of serfdom; a half-educated student dreaming of a revolution.

Gorky made up psychological picture representative of another variant of marginality - a person who rebelliously "breaks out" (the writer's definition) from his class environment, categorically not accepting its values, and at the same time, continuing to successfully fulfill his professional features("Egor Bulychev and others").

Savva Morozov - a marginal from the underground

The story of the legendary manufacturer Savva Morozov is quite in the spirit of Gorky's Bulychev: he, as expected, exploited his own workers, and spent the proceeds to support revolutionary anarchist groups, that is, he dug a hole for himself. But at the same time he also patronized.

Such a life could not but end tragically - unable to withstand the internal discord, he, in the end, shot himself.

Lumpens and outcasts: differences

IN explanatory dictionaries it is noted that lumpen and outcasts are general characteristics people who have lost touch with their social environment, who have become outcasts in society. But what is their difference?

Let's clarify who the lumpen are. By definition, these are people who have lost touch not only with their social group, but also who have lost the means of earning a living, who do not have a source of income. The outcasts are always on the edge: they fought off their own, but they didn’t find anyone to stick to. However, they may have mixed features of two bordering subcultures.

In other words, lumpen do not have permanent job but live on odd jobs, social benefits, or break the law. Outcasts are people in a borderline state who have not adapted to the changed reality.

It turns out that lumpen and outcasts are two individual groups modern society. Marginality is rather a dissent inherent in a person who is lost in a world that does not meet his expectations.

Marginal is not a very flattering characteristic. To call a lumpen means to insult.

The word "marginal" came into Russian from German, there - from French, and in, in turn, from. WITH Latin this word can be translated as "located on the edge." Outcasts - outcasts who are outside their social group or at the junction of two different groups. If we are talking about one person, most likely, he was expelled from one group and not accepted into another. Bright - people who were forced to flee their country and turned out to be apostates in the eyes of its citizens, but at the same time failed to accept the traditions of another state where they moved.

Such a socially borderline state is perceived very hard. If we are talking about a group of people, most likely, the essence is in serious social, political, economic changes in society that led to the collapse of the usual society. Something similar often happens as a result of revolutions.

The word "lumpen" is again borrowed from German, and in translation it is "rags". Lumpens are people who find themselves in the lowest social strata and at the same time do not engage in any socially useful work. This is something that cannot be called a poor person who, by the sweat of his brow, tries to earn money, but achieves very modest results. Not at all - we are talking about criminals, vagabonds, beggars, those who trade in piracy, robbery.

Very often, non-working alcoholics and drug addicts, people who are supported by someone, although they can work and earn money, are also considered lumpen. It is also called the representatives of the lower social stratum, living off state benefits.

What is the difference between lumpen and marginal

As a rule, lumpens have almost no property: they either wander or live in other people's houses, and have only the most necessary things for life. Marginals, on the contrary, can even be wealthy people who are not recognized by society, since for some reason they have lost their former position.

Lumpens either use short, one-time earnings, or earn money illegally, or live at the expense of relatives or the state. Outcasts can be engaged in socially useful work.

An additional meaning of the term "lumpen" is a person who does not have his own moral principles, does not obey the laws of morality and recklessly or cowardly obeys the group of persons who has the most power in a particular historic moment. Outcasts in such cases become more victims than thoughtlessly active force.

Sources:

Lumpens and outcasts

In every society, side by side with socially adapted citizens, there are people who have lost their social roots, who are alien to the moral code, they understand only the language of rude physical strength.

Lumpens

Usually lumpen include people who have no social roots, who also do not have any property, and they live off one-time earnings. But more often their source of existence is different kinds social and government benefits. In general, this category should include homeless people, as well as citizens like them. If it is explained more simply, then a lumpen is a person who does not lead labor activity, he begs, wanders, in other words, he is homeless.

In translation from German, the word "lumpen" means "rags". These are a kind of ragamuffins who sank to the "bottom" of life, fell out of their midst. The more lumpen there are in society, the greater the threat they pose to society. Their environment is a kind of stronghold of various extremist-minded individuals and organizations. Marxist theory even used an expression like Lumpenproletariat, characterizing with this word vagabonds, criminals, beggars, and also scum. human society generally. At Soviet power It was swear word.

Outcasts and lumpen are not the same concept, although there is much in common between these groups of people. The very concept of "marginality" in sociology means a person who is between two different social groups, when a citizen has already broken away from one of them, and has not yet nailed to the second. These are the so-called prominent representatives bottom, or social "bottom". Such a social position greatly affects the psyche, crippling it. Often the marginalized are people who went through the war, immigrants who were unable to adapt to the conditions of life on new homeland who could not fit into the social conditions of their modern environment.

During the collectivization carried out in the USSR, in the 20-30s, rural residents massively migrated to the cities, but the urban environment was reluctant to accept them, and all roots and ties with the rural environment were severed. Their spiritual values collapsed, well-established social connections. And it was precisely these segments of the population that needed a “firm hand”, established order at the state level, and it was this fact that served as the social basis for the anti-democratic regime.

As you can see, lumpen and outcasts are not identical concepts, although they have much in common. In modern reality, the word "lumpen" is practically not used, calling homeless people outcasts. Although this word can also be used to describe people who have housing, but lead an asocial lifestyle.

Sources:

Outcasts and lumpen

IN contemporary culture you can meet not only individual individuals, but even whole groups of people who do not fit into the established social structure society. These are not always representatives of the social “bottom”, they may have high level education and status. The difference between such marginal people and other people lies in a special world of values. Who are these marginals?

Marginality as a social phenomenon

Wikipedia calls the marginal one who finds himself on the border of opposing social groups or cultures. Such people experience mutual influence different value systems, which often contradict one another. In times, the synonym for "marginal" was "declassed element". So often called people who have fallen to the very bottom of the social hierarchy. But the understanding of marginality should be considered one-sided and not entirely correct.

The concept of "marginality" is also found in. Here it denotes the intermediateness of the social position in which it appears. The first mention of marginalized individuals and groups appeared in American sociology, which described the adaptation of immigrants to the unaccustomed to them. social conditions and the customs of life in a foreign land.

Marginals deny the values of the group from which they came out, and approve new norms and rules of behavior.

Beyond the usual life

Marginality in society increases when cataclysms begin. If a society is regularly in a fever, its structure loses its strength. Completely new social groups and strata of the population are emerging with their own way of life. Not every person in such conditions is able to adapt and stick to a certain shore.

Transition to a new social group often associated with the need to reshape behavior and accept new system values, which almost always becomes a source of stress.

Leaving his usual social environment, a person often encounters a situation where a new group does not accept it. This is how the marginals appear. Here is one example of such a social transition. The average engineer who quits his job and decides to go into business is failing. He understands that a businessman did not work out of him, and it is no longer possible to return to his former way of life. To this may be added financial and other material losses, as a result of which a person is left out of life.

But far from always marginality is associated with the loss of a sufficiently high former social. Quite often referred to as marginal successful people whose attitudes, habits, and value system do not fit into established notions of "normality". Outcasts may well be enough wealthy people who are successful in their field of work. But their views on life turn out to be so unusual for the average layman that such people are simply not taken seriously or forced out of social community.