1. Archaeologists find traces of life primitive people during excavations of ancient settlements, garbage pits, as well as ancient graves. Explain why archaeologists often find vessels, weapons, tools, jewelry in graves, while only fragments of objects and animal bones can be found in garbage pits?
(Full answer - 2 points)
2. Consider if the people of Rome could have already celebrated significant date: the 3000th anniversary of your city. If yes, in what year? If not. When should this date be celebrated? (Rome was founded in 753 BC)
(Assessed at 1 point)
3. They say that there is no comrade for the taste and color. But in Ancient Egypt all farmers considered two colors very good, the third obviously bad. Choose from these colors your favorite and least favorite: yellow, black and green. Explain your choice.
(Assessed at 2 points)
4. In ancient Egypt, the “land of the dead” was often called Amethis, which means “west” in translation. How to explain the similar name of the "country of the dead"?
(2 points)
Answers: 3. Yellow - unloved, because. the color of the lifeless desert. Black and green are the colors of the earth and plants.
4. The sun sets (dies) in the west.
6th grade.
1. What was “given” to the world of civilization Ancient China, Ancient India?
2. Compose short story about any of the proposed characters in the story ancient world Cast: Odysseus, Pericles, Alexander the Great, Spartacus, Gaius Julius Caesar
3. Why is the medieval society of Europe called feudal?
4. Eastern Slavs paid a tribute-tax in trade goods
5. Tribal meeting Eastern Slavs in ancient times it was called
|
A) gathering B) thought C) veche D) rope |
6. Indicate any three prerequisites for the formation of the Old Russian state.
7. Give any three events that characterize the reign of the prince
Yaroslav the Wise.
Criteria for evaluation:
1. For each correctly named invention - 0.5 points;
2. Complete answer - 2 points;
3. Complete answer - 2 points;
4 and 5 task is estimated at 0.5 points;
Tasks 6 and 7 - for each correct prerequisite and event, 1 point.
Right answers:
7th grade.
1. Establish a correspondence between the concepts found in the text
"Russian Truth", and their definitions.
2. After the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the XIII century
3. Which of these terms appeared in the era of the Horde yoke?
4. The doctrine "Moscow is the third Rome" was
5. The uprising in Moscow against Fyodor Godunov in June 1605 led to
6. By the period of the Time of Troubles early XVII century applies name
8. We study the event according to the map-scheme.
8.1. What battle is shown in the diagram? Specify its year and name in the line.
8.2. Which of the Russian commanders commanded the Russian armies in this battle?
List their names.
8.3. Give short description the course of the battle. How did it end?
8.4. Formulate the meaning and consequences of the battle for Russian history
(at least three positions).
8th grade
Give any three examples illustrating foreign policy
2. Note the new phenomena that have appeared in the state system of Russia in
XVIII century. (Choose all the correct answers from the list.)
3. The beginning of the reign of Alexander I was the time
4. Russia in the war with Napoleon in 1812 pursued, first of all,
target -
5. Are the following statements true? Decembrists on Senate Square
defended the ideas
|
A. Limitations of autocracy by law B. the abolition of serfdom |
A) Only A is true
B) Only B is true;
C) Both statements are correct.
D) Both statements are wrong.
6. Establish a correspondence between statesman and his
characteristic
7. Describe the main program requirements of the Decembrists
(give at least three requirements). Specify two main program documents of the Decembrist movement.
Grade 9
A1
About what people who levied tribute from the Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes in question in the above fragment of The Tale of Bygone Years: “... from overseas they levied tribute from the Chud, and from the Slavs, and from the Mary, and from the Krivichi”?
A3
The name of Prince Oleg the Prophet is associated with
A4
One of the prerequisites for the transition to an era of fragmentation is
A5
Which of the battles was the first clash between the Russian squads and the Tatar-Mongols?
A6
About which of the capital cities Russians are coming speech in a fragment of the annals: “Truly, this city is called the third Rome ... The first Rome, born of Roma and Romulus ..., and the second Rome, that is, Constantine the floor, conceived not without the blood of many. But Sitsa and ours, this third Rome, did not conceive without blood, but after the shedding and after the slaughter of the blood of many.?
A7
The final liberation of Rus' from the Horde yoke took place in
A9
TO XVI century applies
economy Russia XVII century characterizes
The Synod established by Peter I replaced
|
1) |
Orders |
|
2) |
Patriarchate |
|
3) |
Boyar Duma |
|
4) |
Zemsky Sobor |
A12
"Charter to the cities", adopted in 1785, had as its goal
A13
According to the Iasi Treaty of 1791
A14
Decree on free cultivators, permission to purchase land by non-nobles, mass creation of military settlements - events related to the reign
A15
The expansion of the use of machines and the formation of factory production in the 1830-1840s testified
A16
The activities of the partisan detachments of D. Davydov, M. Fonvizin, A. Benkendorf, G. Kurin are associated with
|
1) |
Patriotic War of 1812 |
|
2) |
foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814 |
|
3) |
Crimean War |
|
4) |
Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 |
A 17 Fill in the missing letters (letter) in historical concepts(0.5 points per correct answer; maximum 6 points):
Gressia
antis...m...tism
in ... luntarism
cap... ulation
to ... nsensus
to ... corruption
l..vach...stvo
IN 1
The introduction of an emergency policy in the countryside and the establishment of committees in the spring of 1918 was caused by
AT 2
Establishment process Soviet power throughout the former Russian Empire was named the head of the Soviet government V. I. Lenin
Geologists have discovered ancient traces of microbial life up to 4.3 billion years old in the vicinity of Quebec. The discovery suggests that life on Earth appeared immediately after the formation of the planet.
“We can say that life could have arisen on Earth almost instantly, at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor almost immediately after the planet formed. The rapid emergence of life on Earth fits well with other recent findings, suggesting that as early as 3.7 billion years ago, microbes formed entire layers of sedimentary rocks, ”said Matthew Dodd from University College London (UK).
However, not all scientists agree: according to a number of experts, there is no way to prove that these traces are indeed evidence of the emergence of viable microorganisms in the early stages of the development of the planet's ecosystem.
It is known that life developed in the Earth's oceans. most 4.5 billion years of history of the Earth. However, there is still heated debate about exactly when the first microorganisms appeared, notes.
Three years ago, Japanese geologists discovered hints of the existence of life on Earth about 3.7 billion years ago, studying samples of graphite from the Isua Formation, which formed at the same time in Greenland.
Last year, scientists found the first unequivocal evidence of life in that era, and in 2015 they found in Australia supposed traces of life that inhabited the Earth's oceans 4 billion years ago.
Dodd and his colleagues, studying the rocks of one of the oldest layers of the earth's crust in the vicinity of Quebec, stumbled upon "true traces of life" that, scientists are convinced, have existed for almost as long as the planet itself.
It is difficult to examine these traces without a microscope. At maximum magnification, you can see something resembling microbial fossils previously found in Norway and California. However, previous fossils date from a later period.
Scientists have seen many unusual elongated "tubes" a few micrometers long. They were filled with hematite, iron oxide. Geologists note that the structure of the crystals in the pipes is identical to the deposits of hematite, which forms at the bottom of the sea near thermal springs where bacteria live. The tubes themselves were inside hollow balls, which the researchers believe resulted from the release of gases during the decomposition of microbes after their death.
Dodd and his colleagues are convinced that they have managed to find all the signs of the oldest product of the vital activity of the first microorganisms of the Earth.
Other geologists are skeptical about Dodd's discovery, noting that the results of the study cannot be considered conclusive. It is difficult to establish that the tubular formations are indeed evidence of the earliest life, since many different fluids have passed through the rocks over 4.5 billion years. In addition, it was difficult for ancient microorganisms to oxidize iron, since they lived in depths that were practically inaccessible to oxygen.
Scientists have discovered the most ancient footprints prehistoric man outside Africa - on the coast of Norfolk County in the east of Great Britain. These footprints were left more than 850-950 thousand years ago on the shores near the city of Happiesburg, and they are the first direct evidence of the earliest visit of human ancestors to northern Europe.
"At first we weren't sure about our discovery," says Dr. Ashton. "But it soon became clear that the depressions had the outlines of human footprints."
Soon after the discovery, the tracks were again hidden by the tide. However, the team was able to study them and capture them on video, which will be shown at an exhibition at the Natural History Museum in London in late February 2014.
Over the next two weeks after the discovery, the team performed 3D scans of the prints. Detailed Analysis, performed by Dr. Isabelle De Groote (Isabelle De Groote) from Liverpool John Moores University, confirmed that the footprints are indeed human. Perhaps they were left by five at once - an adult man and several children.
(Illustration by Happisburgh Project).
Dr. de Groot said she was able to see heels and even toes, and the largest print left was, by today's standards, 42 sizes.
“The largest footprints seem to have been made by an adult male, who was about 175 centimeters tall,” she says. “The smallest of those present was about 91 centimeters tall. Other large footprints may belong to boys or short women. That is, most likely, it was a kind of family wandering along the beach together - probably in search of food.
It is not clear who exactly these people were. There is an assumption that they belonged to one of the related modern man species - a human predecessor ( Homo antecessor). Representatives of this species lived in the south of Europe, however, it is quite possible that they came to the territory of modern Norfolk along the strip of land that connected the British Isles with the rest of the European landmass a million years ago.
(photo by Martin Bates).
The human predecessor, the most ancient hominid of Europe, disappeared from the face of the Earth about 800 thousand years ago due to a sharp cooling of the climate - that is, shortly after the prints found on the coast were left. Very little is known about this species, in particular, that the human predecessor walked on two legs and had a small brain volume compared to modern people(about 1000 cm³). Also representatives species Homo antecessor were right-handed, which distinguishes them from a number of primate predecessors.
The descendant of the human predecessor, apparently, is the Heidelberg man ( Homo heidelbergensis) who lived in the area modern UK about 500 thousand years ago. This species is thought to have given rise to the Neanderthals about 400,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in Great Britain until the arrival of our species, Homo sapiens, about 40 thousand years ago.
(photo by Martin Bates).
Despite the fact that the fossils of the human predecessor have never been found on the coast of Norfolk, scientists have circumstantial evidence of their presence in the hands of scientists. For example, in 2010 the same research group found stone tools labor used by members of this species.
"The current discovery has definitively confirmed that Homo antecessor lived in our territories about a million years ago," said Professor Chris Stringer of the Museum of Natural History, who also took part in the study on the shores of Happiesburg. "We have received very concrete evidence. And if we If we keep looking in the right direction, we may finally be able to find even human fossils."
1. What was called a tribe?
a) Several clans living in the same area+
b) The team of relatives
c) Residents of the same city
d) Collective of hunters
2. Where were traces of the most ancient people who lived more than 2 million years ago found?
a) North America
b) in East Africa +
c) South Australia
d) in Western Europe
3. How was a man called by scientists about 40 thousand years ago, when a man became like a modern one?
a) a smart person
b) "upright man"
c) "reasonable person" +
d) "uneducated person"
4. Which of the following activities contributed to the emergence of agriculture?
a) Cattle breeding
b) Craft
c) Gathering+
d) Hunting
5. What signs are characteristic of the appearance of the most ancient person?
a) protruding jaws +
b) straight gait
c) jumping gait +
d) arms hanging below the knees +
6. What was the name of the primitive collective of people, where the custom “one for all and all for one” operated?
a) the human race
b) tribal community +
c) neighborhood community
d) tribe
7. Who was the first pet?
a) cow
b) Pig
c) dog
d) goat
8. Which animal became more successful hunting With the invention of the harpoon by primitive people?:
a) sitting birds
c) big fish
b) small fish
d) fast running animals
9. What ability was the main difference between the most ancient man and the animal?
a) hunt
b) build a house
c) live alone
d) Make tools +
10. What animals were hunted 40-12 thousand years ago by primitive people?
a) horses, deer, bison +
b) mammoths, cave bears +
c) wolves, foxes, tigers
d) hares, dogs, martens
11. How hard did people get their food?
a) hunting +
c) farming
b) craft
d) gathering.+
12. How did primitive people communicate?
a) speech +
b) gestures
c) various sounds
d) drawings.
13. How did the ability to make tools help the most ancient person?
a) better communicate with each other
b) better hunting +
c) live alone
d) collecting
14. If primitive lost fire, then his:
a) forced to rekindle the fire
b) expelled from the team +
c) forced to guard the sleep of relatives all their lives
d) demanded to make fire alone again
15. What event happened about 40 thousand years ago?
a) Homo sapiens appeared+
b) People have learned to process metals
c) People switched to agriculture and animal husbandry
d) The first sites of primitive people appeared
