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The poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" occupies a central place in Nekrasov's work. It became a kind of artistic result of more than twenty years of work by the author, in which all the problems that worried him were rethought. Nekrasov not only created special genre socio-philosophical poem, he subordinated it to his super-task: to show the developing picture of Russia in its past, present and future.
Social problems in the poem are connected primarily with the peasant question. which Nekrasov considered the main one in contemporary Russia.The poem was conceived as a "peasant epic". Her heroes were ordinary Russian men. Nekrasov looks with hope at the seven truth-seekers who wished to unravel the secret of happiness and went to hard way. Before us is a whole string of characters. Each of them has its own story, but together they make up collective image Russian people. Drawing a generalized portrait, the poet seeks to preserve in it personality traits such different and unique people. We see both mass folk scenes and destinies individual heroes. Nekrasov often leads readers to where he is going a large number of of people. In one of the chapters we find ourselves at a rural fair, a favorite peasant holiday. It's fun, "loud", "drunk" here. But the picture of the holiday does not prevent the poet from coming to the disappointing conclusion that the happiness of men is “humpbacked with corns, full of holes with patches.”
Nekrasov does not idealize the peasants. Among them there are those who are content and even proud of the position of a slave. The author of the work is merciless to the “people of the servile rank”. " real dogs"He calls the peasant, who boasted of the master's disease with gout, Ipat, the slave Utyatin, Yakov the faithful," an exemplary serf. Such people have long lost their sense of human dignity, and with it their national pride.
Nekrasov contrasts them with "people's defenders". The first to appear is Yakim Nagoi. This is a man-philosopher, he conducts a deep analysis of the situation of the people. In his mouth, the poet puts a story about the lack of rights and economic dependence of the peasant on his "shareholders" - "God, king and master." Yakim Nagoi himself lives as a bitter poor man, but he has a literary creative soul. From the burning house, he takes out not hard-earned money, but “pictures”.
If Yakim Nagoi stands up for the people with his word, then Ermila Girin, being the headman, tries to protect the interests of the peasants. He has a folk mind and incorruptible honesty. Jirin is respected among the peasants. He earned his trust with fairness and kindness. This man takes his only offense against society hard - an attempt to protect his brother from recruitment at the expense of another peasant. Girin atones for his guilt by nationwide repentance.
Savely becomes the embodiment of the mighty forces of the people. The poet calls him a hero, returning us to the ancient Russian epics. The story of Saveliy and his like-minded people reveals to readers the people's primordial dream of freedom and the right to dispose of the fruits of their hard but glorious labor. The elemental beginning is embodied in this hero. The poet shows that the patience of the people cannot be eternal, the moment will come when the peasants will cruelly and mercilessly take revenge on their oppressors. The consequences of the rebellion may become irreversible. Talking about the reprisal against the German Vogel, the author of the work warns that the fight against oppression can turn into a bloody drama for all of Russia.
With love describes Nekrasov and Savely's granddaughter - Matryona Korchagina. Peasant woman lived hard life and grew old at the age of thirty-eight. The heroine is sure that "the keys to women's happiness ... are lost from God himself." But she resists misfortunes and fights injustice: she saved her husband from recruitment, not being afraid to turn to the governor's wife, put her back under the whip to protect her son Fedotka from beatings. Matrena Timofeevna combined the masculine strength of character and the tender feminine soul.
Heroes such as Yakim Nagoi, Yermila Girin, Savely, Matryona, seven truth-seekers, instill in the poet confidence that the people's lack of rights will be short-lived, that "an innumerable army rises, indestructible strength is heard in it." The poet connects the future of Russia with the liberation of the peasantry. Grisha Dobrosklonov, one of the few happy in the poem, knows that in any trials it is necessary to preserve “gold, gold, the heart of the people” - the key to the great revival of the Motherland.
Parallel to the image folk life rise in the poem philosophical problems the Russian peasantry and the entire Russian society of that time, since it is the people who always act as the bearer moral standards and human ethics in general.
The main idea of the poem follows directly from its title: who in Russia can be considered a truly happy person?
One of the main categories of morality underlying the concept of national happiness, according to the author, is fidelity to the duty to the Motherland, serving your people. According to Nekrasov, well on Russia lives those who fight for justice and "the happiness of their native corner."
The peasants-heroes of the poem, looking for the "happy" one, do not find him either among the landowners, or among the priests, or among the peasants themselves. The poem depicts the only happy man- Grisha Dobrosklonov, who devoted his life to the struggle for people's happiness. Here the author expresses, in my opinion, an absolutely indisputable idea that one cannot be a true citizen of one's country without doing anything to improve the situation of the people, who are the strength and pride of the Fatherland.
True, Nekrasov's happiness is very relative: the "people's protector" Grisha "fate prepared ... consumption and Siberia." However, it is difficult to argue with the fact that fidelity to duty and a clear conscience are necessary conditions real happiness.
In the poem, the problem of the moral fall of the Russian people is also acute, due to their terrifying economic situation, placed in such conditions in which people lose their human dignity turning into lackeys and drunkards. So, the stories of a lackey, the “beloved slave” of Prince Peremetyev, or the courtyard man of Prince Utyatin, the song “About the exemplary serf, Jacob the faithful” are a kind of parable, instructive examples of what kind of spiritual servility, moral degradation led serfdom peasants, and above all - the courtyards, corrupted by personal dependence on the landowner. This is Nekrasov's reproach to the great and powerful people in their inner strength, resigned to the position of a slave.
The lyrical hero of Nekrasov actively protests against this slave psychology, calls the peasantry to self-consciousness, calls on the entire Russian people to free themselves from centuries of oppression and feel like a Citizen. The poet perceives the peasantry not as a faceless mass, but as a people-creator, he considered the people to be the real creator of human history.
However, the most terrible consequence century-old slavery, according to the author of the poem, lies in the fact that many peasants are satisfied with their humiliated position, because they cannot imagine a different life for themselves, they cannot imagine how it is possible to exist in a different way. For example, the lackey Ipat, servile to his master, reverently and almost proudly tells how the master dipped him in the winter in an ice-hole and forced him to play the violin while standing in a flying sleigh. Kholui of Prince Peremetyev is proud of his "lordly" illness and the fact that "he licked the plates with the best French truffle."
Another philosophical moral problem, which is affected by Nekrasov - sin problem. The poet sees the path to the salvation of the human soul in the atonement of sin. So do Girin, Savely, Kudeyar; not such is the elder Gleb. Burmister Yermil Girin, having sent the son of a lonely widow as a recruit, thereby saving his own brother from soldiering, atones for his guilt by serving the people, remains faithful to him even in a moment of mortal danger.
However, the most serious crime in front of the people is described in one of Grisha's songs: the village headman Gleb hides the news of emancipation from his peasants, thus leaving eight thousand people in bondage of slavery. According to Nekrasov, nothing can atone for such a crime.
Reader Nekrasov's poem there is a feeling of acute bitterness and resentment for the ancestors, who hoped for better times, but forced to live in "empty volosts" and "tightened provinces" more than a hundred years after the abolition of serfdom.
Revealing the essence of the concept of "people's happiness", the poet indicates that the only Right way to achieve it - the peasant revolution. The idea of retribution folk suffering most clearly articulated in the ballad "About two great sinners", which is a kind of ideological key to the whole poem. The robber Kudeyar throws off the "burden of sins" only when he kills Pan Glukhovsky, known for his atrocities. The murder of a villain, according to the author, is not a crime, but a feat worthy of a reward. Here Nekrasov's idea comes into conflict with Christian ethics. The poet conducts a hidden polemic with F.M. Dostoevsky, who argued the inadmissibility and impossibility of building a just society on blood, who believed that the very thought of murder is already a crime. And I can't help but agree with these statements! One of the most important Christian commandments says: "Thou shalt not kill!" After all, a person who takes the life of his own kind, thereby kills the person in himself, commits a grave crime before life itself, before God.
Therefore, justifying violence from the position of revolutionary democracy, lyrical hero Nekrasova calls Russia "to the ax" (in the words of Herzen), which, as we know, led to a revolution that turned into the worst sin for its executors and the greatest disaster for our people.
After the reform of 1861, many were worried about such questions as whether the life of the people had changed in better side did he become happy? The answer to these questions was Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Russia." Nekrasov devoted 14 years of his life to this poem, began work on it in 1863, but it was interrupted by his death.
The main problem of the poem is the problem of happiness, and Nekrasov saw its solution in the revolutionary struggle.
After the abolition of serfdom, many seekers of national happiness appeared. One of these are the seven wanderers. They left the villages: Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutova, Znobishina, Gorelova, Neyolova, Poorozhayka in search of a happy person. Each of them knows that none of common people cannot be happy. And what is the happiness of a simple peasant? That's okay pop, landowner or prince. But for these people, happiness lies in the fact that they live well, and the rest do not care.
Pop sees his happiness in wealth, peace, honor. He claims that in vain the wanderers consider him happy, he has neither wealth, nor peace, nor honor:
... Go - where they call!
... Laws, previously strict
To the dissenters, softened.
And with them and priestly
Income mat came.
The landowner sees his happiness in unlimited power over the peasant. Utyatin is happy that everyone obeys him. None of them cares about the happiness of the people, they regret that now they have less power over the peasant than before.
For the common people, happiness consists in being harvest year so that everyone is healthy and well-fed, they don’t even think about wealth. The soldier considers himself lucky because he was in twenty battles and survived. The old woman is happy in her own way: she has born up to a thousand rap on a small ridge. For a Belarusian peasant, happiness is in bread:
... Filled with Gubonin
Give rye bread
I chew - I do not wait!
The wanderers listen to these peasants with bitterness, but mercilessly drive away their beloved slave, Prince Peremetiev, who is happy that he is ill with a “noble disease” - gout, happy because:
With French best truffle
I licked the plates
Foreign drinks
Drinking from glasses...
After listening to everyone, they decided that they were pouring vodka in vain. Happiness is a man's
Leaky with patches
Humpbacked with calluses...
The happiness of a peasant consists of misfortunes, and they boast of them.
Among the people there are such as Yermil Girin. His happiness lies in helping the people. In all his life he never took a single penny from a peasant. He is respected, loved by simple
peasants for honesty, kindness, for not being indifferent to peasant grief. Grandfather Savely is happy that he has retained human dignity, Ermil Girin and grandfather Savely are worthy of respect.
In my opinion, happiness is when you are ready for anything for the happiness of others. This is how the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov arises in the poem, for whom the happiness of the people is his own happiness:
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
All over holy Russia!
Love for a poor, sick mother develops in Grisha's soul into love for his homeland - Russia. At the age of fifteen, he decided for himself what he would do all his life, for whom he would live, what he would achieve.
In his poem, Nekrasov showed that the people are still far from happiness, but there are people who will always strive for it and achieve it, since their happiness is happiness for everyone.
Tasks and tests on the topic "The problem of happiness in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Russia""
- Spelling - Important topics for repeating the exam in the Russian language
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Nikolai Alekseevich thought about this work for a long time, hoping to create in it " folk book", that is, a useful book, understandable to the people and truthful. This book was supposed to include all the experience given to Nikolai Alekseevich by studying the people, all the information about him, accumulated, according to Nikolai Alekseevich, "by word of mouth for 20 years."
Gleb Uspensky
“I thought,” said Nekrasov, “to state in a coherent story everything that I know about the people, everything that I happened to hear from their lips, and I started “Who should live well in Russia.” It will be the epic of modern peasant life».
Although the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” remained unfinished, Nekrasov fulfilled his promise. He really set forth in the poem everything that he knew about the people, what he happened to hear from their lips.
Seven temporarily liable left to seek the truth about a happy man. The poet led the peasants along native land and showed that a happy person is the one for whom
The share of the people
his happiness,
Light and freedom
Primarily.
Nekrasov considers freedom a prime necessity.
In 1861, the authorities gave free rein to the peasants, but no one became happier because of this. In general, there is no truly happy person.
"The people are liberated, but are the people happy?" - N.A. writes in his poem. Nekrasov.
The peasants have been liberated, but now they are enslaving themselves, because they cannot live otherwise. They are already accustomed to this enslavement. They live as before the abolition of serfdom: poor, hungry, cold. Peasants are people who "have not eaten their fill, have not sipped salt." In their life, the only thing that has changed is that now they “instead of the master will be torn by the volost”. Their hard life is emphasized by everything: the description of the life of the people in songs, the names of villages, provinces and landscapes:
Seven men came together:
Seven temporarily liable,
tightened province,
County Terpigorev,
empty parish,
From adjacent villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryaeva,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neelova -
Crop failure too.
The whole truth of people's life is clearly visible in the poem: its joyless, powerless, hungry side is shown. “A man's happiness,” the poet exclaims bitterly, “leaky with patches, humpbacked with calluses.”
Each peasant has his own understanding of happiness, for some it is associated with struggle, for others with inaction. Looking for an answer to the question “Who is living well in Russia?” Wanderers come to the fair in the village of Kuzminskoye. They, having obtained vodka with the help of self-assembly, throw a cry in the festive crowd: if there is someone happy, then they will pour him free vodka. But it turned out that everyone was extremely happy.
Happy is the soldier who has survived twenty battles, the old woman who has born "up to a thousand rep" in the garden, and many such "lucky ones." From all this, the questioners realized that none of them understood what the word “happiness” meant at all.
For a priest, this is “peace, wealth, honor”, but he has no peace, he became poor, as the people became completely poor, and honor, as the priest did not have, will never be.
But in the poem there are peasants who have not lost the ability to self-sacrifice, spiritual nobility. These include Matryona Timofeevna, Savely, Yakim Nagogoy, Yermila Perin, Agapa Petrov and, of course, the truth-seekers. They have their own personal goal set in life, which guides them in search of the truth. Truth-seekers represent the happiness of the people in the freedom and gaiety of their lives:
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely, fun
All over holy Russia.
In the understanding of Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, happiness is unthinkable if there is no family and children. For her, happiness is patience, work. This position is also close to some other peasants.
Yakim Nagoi is vivid image a truth-seeker, a righteous man who neglected possible financial well-being, making a choice in favor of spiritual transformation. Yakim lives in conditions similar to others, but earlier he and his wife had accumulated 35 rubles, but during a fire, he first rushed to save pictures, and his companion - icons. So, the hard life could not kill his love for beauty. The “bread” of the soul is dearer to him than his daily bread. He understood the whole breadth, inexplicability of the human soul, his ability to fight, ruined in wine, utters a fiery speech:
Every peasant has
The soul is like a black cloud.
Angry, formidable - and it would be necessary
Thunders rumble from there
pouring bloody rain,
And everything ends with wine.
The image of Yermila Perin also stands out clearly: a pure, incorruptible "protector" of the people. But N.A. Nekrasov does not show him as an ideal hero, no, he shows that Yermila is, first of all, a person who has relatives, loved ones. After all, he wanted to send the son of a peasant woman instead of Mitrius, but he himself confessed to his misconduct. Then he was imprisoned, but we don’t know exactly for what: either for betraying the peasants, or for refusing to accept them. The image of Perin testifies to the spiritual forces hidden in the people, rich moral character common people. By happiness, they understand truth, devotion, honesty.
In the poem relentlessly follows the wanderers fairy world where heroes meet. This hero is Savely. He is powerful, like Svyatogor - the strongest, largest, but also the most motionless hero of all. He wants to get rid of the bonds of slavery, but for this he does nothing essential. Of course, Savely, together with the peasants from Korez, freed themselves from Vogel, but for this he served twenty years in exile. Unfortunately, this tyrant will be replaced by another. Saveliy is a spontaneous rebel who has his own folk philosophy: "Untolerate - an abyss, endure - an abyss."
Even the peasant patience for Savely is the personification of their strength:
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!
But he is in no hurry to draw premature conclusions about the future fate of the peasants:
I don't know, I can't imagine
What will happen? God knows.
He lets everything take its course, what will happen - only God knows. But his understanding of happiness is freedom, and this is the most important thing. Savely did not change his opinion, even after going through a thorny, difficult path.
The word "happiness" means different things for each person, which means that the paths to achieving it are different.
One spacious
The road is torn,
The passions of a slave
On it is huge,
Hungry for temptation
The crowd is coming
The other one is tight
The road is honest
They walk on it
Only strong souls
loving,
To fight, to work.
The first road is the road of evil, the road of sin, along which all the rich go, who do not skimp on anything. The other road is the road of kindness, honesty and complacency, but at the same time it is the road of the poor, hunger. But the people walking on it are strong, and if they rise, then nothing will stand before them. They just need to "wake up" from long sleep and they will win. We see this theme in the legend of the "two great sinners", which calls for awakening, calls to rebel against the oppressors.
The reflection of revolutionary democratic ideas is connected in the poem with the image of the author and people's protector- Grisha Dobrosklonova. The main motive of his songs is love for the motherland and people. He prepares himself for exploits in the name of the people, the country and their freedom. Grisha thought that the only way to achieve the abolition of serfdom was through a revolution. N.A. himself adhered to the same opinion. Nekrasov.
Nikolai Alekseevich sincerely believed that the people would eventually get enough of their peasant lot and stop tolerating it. The poet was able to notice the "hidden spark" of the mighty internal forces concluded among the people, looking forward exclusively with hope and faith:
The army rises
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Indestructible.
The problem of happiness is indeed stated in the poem. But there, after all, they also expand it, asking about fun and about freedom. Yes, these are important parts of happiness.
It is difficult for all the characters in the poem. Especially hard with the will. For example, a priest (he is in abundance and respected), but in a distant village someone dies - you need to go there off-road. What is the will?
And for a woman, even if she rejoices for all her children, it is always one thing - the second. One child needs food, another needs new bast shoes. In general, there is no rest for a woman.
It is clear that the poet suggests that happiness is not in the usual peace and will, but in peace, that you are doing a true and good deed, for which you are even ready to give up your freedom. Do not be selfish ... Work for the benefit of the people, that same people's happiness.
Just what is it? Before the abolition of serfdom, everyone said that this was the problem. They called for the abolition of slavery. And here's what happened after the cancellation! Everyone is unhappy: both men and gentlemen.
Perhaps the misfortune lies in coercion. Now, if the peasants served the masters only because they love and respect them, they want to help, and not because they do not have a passport. And gentlemen should take care of their subordinates sincerely and with love. Then there will be harmony! But this, probably, teachers and priests could only explain to everyone.
And the “happy” hero is a revolutionary, what will he achieve in the end? We went through history. And about the revolution, and about civil war... How many misfortunes there were! Where is the happiness of the people? Again, not that.
And still happy in the poem, in my opinion, are the walkers themselves. They obviously don't think so. They generally associate happiness with prosperity. And they themselves are fire victims and tramps from villages with "speaking" names. And then they had a goal! And there was also a magic tablecloth from a bird. No life - no cooking, no washing ... And they get acquainted with different people see different landscapes. And they themselves became friends with each other, although at first they were ready to fight! This is also happiness, although they did not understand it yet. But to return to their poor villages, they will tell everyone, they will remember this great adventure ... And they will understand how happy they were!
It would also be interesting for me to walk around Russia with friends, to conduct such a “poll”. And not to take care of everyday life, but to seek the truth for the benefit of everyone. Class!
By the way, happiness complex concept. Here we wrote an essay on it. And everyone has their own happiness. And here we are talking about the whole people's happiness. It's very difficult to put everything together. There, for a peasant, there is one happiness (harvest), and for a priest, another (parish). And if the happiness of one and the other contradicts? A peasant - more freedom, and a master - more servants. And how do you put it all together?
The search for happiness, I believe, is also happiness. How preparation for a holiday is sometimes more pleasant than a holiday.
The problem of people's happiness in Nekrasov's poem To whom in Russia it is good to live essay Grade 10
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, one of the most talented writers of the nineteenth century, began the poem in 1863 and composed it until the end of his life, until 1877. The writer devoted his life to poems about the arbitrariness of the Russian people. Even in his deep childhood, he was not indifferent to the topic abuse his father with the peasants. The poem was a continuation of the poem "Elegy", where the question was posed:
"The people are liberated,
But are the people happy?
The poem was the result of Nekrasov's reflection on the topic of poverty, the tyranny of peasants by landowners, drunkenness in Russia, and the inability of peasants to stand up for themselves. After the abolition of serfdom, much in the life of the peasants had to change, because, it would seem, here it is freedom, but the peasants are so accustomed to their lives that they do not even know the meaning of the word "freedom". And for them, little has changed in life: “Now, instead of the master, the volost will fight,” the author writes.
The composition of the poem consists of separate chapters connected by the motives of the roads of the main characters. It also contains fairy-tale elements and songs. Seven wanderers with names already telling us from the villages of Zaplatovo, Dyryaevo, Razutovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neyolovo and Neurozhayko - become truth-seekers, the world of a happy person. One claims that the priest is the happiest, the other says that the boyar, the third, that the king.
In order to dispel their argument, the wanderers decide to conduct: a survey of residents. They offer vodka for free in exchange for a story about their happiness. There were many who wanted to. By this, the author also shows the problem of drunkenness in Russia. And this is not surprising, because from such difficult life hard not to sleep. However, they claim to be happy. The deacon put it this way, that for him happiness is drunkenness, for which he is simply expelled. The next soldier comes up, he says that he is happy as he served, but did not die. Then the grandmother is satisfied with the harvest. The queue continues to grow, but the wanderers realize that they have wasted their time.
Soon, researchers of human happiness go to Kochergina Matryona, she says that for her happiness is her children. With this, the writer draws the image of a Russian woman, describing her difficult fate. “It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women,” says Matryona.
Grisha can be considered a truly happy person. From his song, you can understand that he is really the happiest person. Grisha is the main character in the poem. He is honest, he loves the people and understands them. Grisha connects his happiness with the fate of the people, he is happy when others are happy. In the image of Dobrosklonov, the author sees the hope of the future of Russia. And yet there are happy people in Russia, it’s a pity the wanderers never found out.
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The question of happiness is the main problem of N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who should live well in Russia” and determines its plot and composition.
Nekrasov began work on the poem shortly after the peasant reform, so it reflected the consequences of the abolition of serfdom, the general crisis, during which "the great chain broke." Thus, the central issue in the poem is the question of "post-reform" happiness, closely related to the socio-political problems of the work.
The very title of the poem speaks of the stated problem, sets one on the search for someone who "has a fun, free life in Russia." The seekers of the happy become the peasants - "seven temporarily liable", whose collective image runs through the entire poem. It is significant that the peasants converge "on the pole path": their path, "a controversial matter" becomes the compositional core of the poem.
Starting work on his work, Nekrasov wrote: "This will be the epic of modern peasant life." The epic breadth of the idea explains the variety of types, characters, as well as various ideas about happiness reflected in the poem.
A pop met by men who, in their opinion, “lives happily”:
Bell Nobles -
Priests live in a princely way, -
dissuades the peasants, telling in detail, "what is the ass ... peace, wealth, honor."
The landowner Obolt-Obolduev, with whom the "seekers of the happy" talk, complains:
I smoked the sky of God
He wore the livery of the king,
Littered the people's treasury
And I thought to live like this for a century ...
And suddenly...
On the contrary, in the chapter "Happy" to tell the peasants about their happiness, those come among whom the wanderers would never have thought to look for a happy one. A soldier with medals is happy because he is mercilessly beaten with sticks, "at least feel it, he's alive", overstrained Tryphon, who "carried away at least fourteen pounds", that he "went home". In contrast to their "muzhik's happiness", the happiness of "servant" is depicted - to be a "beloved slave", to stand behind a chair "at the brightest // At Prince Peremetyev."
Thus, the poem raises the theme of a false, “servile” and true idea of happiness associated with Nekrasov’s reverent attitude towards the people: recognizing conscientiousness and striving for truth among the people, the author did not tolerate passivity, the people’s “habit of slavery”. The author's contempt for the serf of Prince Peremetyev is also manifested in plot twist: footman, drunk, "caught in theft."
In the chapter “The Last Child”, it would seem that the “false happiness” of the peasants is also presented, who voluntarily play the serfs of Prince Utyatin. Not all men immediately agree to such a "performance", the steward Vlas says:
And so I am forever
Standing at the lintel
Worried before the master
Satisfy!
However, the peasants have a goal - to get "rented meadows", so the "performance" becomes a way to achieve happiness. The principle of contrast in the depiction of the people is also preserved in the “Last Man”: two stewards differ from each other (Vlas is “gloomy”, and Klim has “a clay conscience, Minin's beard”). There is an even more striking contrast between Ipat, "the serf of the Utyatin princes," and Agap Petrovich, who could not bear the pretense and died because "the head is unbowed."
In addition to the question of "false" and "true" ideas about happiness, the poem raises the question of women's happiness. Wanderers decide:
Not everything is between men
Find a happy
Let's touch the grandmother!
Image Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, who is advised to ask the peasants, is devoted to a separate chapter, “a poem within a poem” - “Peasant Woman”. This chapter shows almost the whole life of Matryona Timofeevna, the development of her character. element of folklore, folk songs, rituals (“And the volushka rolled // From the girl’s head”) allows us to speak of the image of the “peasant woman” as a symbol of the entire Russian nation: the question of women’s happiness turns out to be closely connected with the question of Russia’s happiness in general.
Happiness Matryona Timofeevna finds in motherhood:
All the power given by God
I believe in work
All in children love!
At the same time, this happiness turns into a huge misfortune: Dyomushka dies, for Fedot she herself "lies under the rods." The help of the governor's wife, because of which Matryona Timofeevna was "denounced as a lucky woman," was perhaps the only miracle in her life.
Thus, this peasant woman does not call herself happy and believes that:
Keys to women's happiness
abandoned, lost
God himself!
In the chapter “Peasant Woman”, in addition to the image of Matryona Timofeevna, another important image appears - the image of Savely, the “hero of the Holy Russian”. Savely embodies the idea of \u200b\u200bthe strength of the Russian people, is a rebel peasant (the murder of Vogel expresses his spontaneous protest). "Branded, but not a slave!" he says about himself.
According to contemporaries, at first Nekrasov believed the question: "who lives happily, freely in Russia" - to answer: "drunk." While working on the poem, the theme of the happy gradually changed, faded into the background (for example, in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World”, the question of happiness is indirectly touched upon). The image of Grisha Dobroeklonov can be considered one of the options for solving the problem of happiness: happiness for everyone, not for yourself, love for "mysterious Russia". Nevertheless, the poem “Who should live well in Russia” does not give an answer to this question, and the global philosophical problem of people's happiness remains unresolved.
