The texts are intended for reading lessons in grade 2, on self-study biographies of K.I. Chukovsky, A.I. Vvedensky, I.A. Bunin, A.L. Barto, A.S. Pushkin, Blaginina
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Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Ivanovich Korneychukov)Russian writer, critic, children's poet, literary critic, translator.
Born in St. Petersburg in 1882 in poor family. He spent his childhood years in Odessa. I've been driving since my youth working life, was engaged in self-education, studied English.
In 1901 he began publishing in the newspaper Odessa News; was sent as a correspondent to London, where he studied English literature. Upon his return he moved to St. Petersburg.
His first experience was the poetic fairy tale “Crocodile,” which marked the beginning of his work in children’s literature. Returning on the train to St. Petersburg with his sick son, he told him a fairy tale about a crocodile while the wheels clattered. The child listened very carefully. Several days passed, Korney Ivanovich had already forgotten about that episode, and the son remembered everything his father said then by heart. Thus was born the fairy tale "Crocodile", published in 1917.
Following “Crocodile”, fairy tales in verse appeared: “Moidodyr”, “Cockroach”, “Tsokotukha Fly”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, etc.
Since then, Chukovsky has become a favorite children's writer.
1.Where was the poet born? Where did you spend your childhood years?
2. Tell us how the fairy tale “Crocodile” was born?
3. Find the highlighted words in the text and try to explain them.
5. Name Chukovsky’s fairy tales that you know?
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Vvedensky Alexander Ivanovich (1904 – 1941)
Born on November 23 in St. Petersburg in the family of an economist. He studied at a gymnasium, then at a school, which he graduated in 1921 without passing the exam in Russian literature. But already at school he began to write poetry. In those years, A. Blok was my favorite poet.
After graduating from school, he first enters Faculty of Law Petrograd University, then to the Chinese department of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, but soon left that too. Worked as a clerk. However, all of Vvedensky’s interests are in literature. During these years, the circle of poetic, literary connections poet, his contacts in the world of art. He meets Kharms, who becomes his close friend. Since 1928, Vvedensky has acted as a children's writer, collaborating in the magazines "Hedgehog" and "Chizh".
In 1933 - 34 were written best poems Vvedensky - “I’m sorry that I’m not a beast”, “An invitation to me to think”, “Four descriptions”, etc. He works in children’s literature, earns money by writing clown reprises, couplets, and miniatures. Shortly before the war he wrote a play for puppet theater. During these years, he performed little with his poems.
In 1941, the Germans were approaching Kharkov, and the family had to evacuate. The train was crowded, so it was decided to stay and wait for the next one, which was due in a few days. However, there was no further evacuation. Two days later Vvedensky was arrested. The exact date of death is unknown. Later, the date on the rehabilitation document was December 20, 1941.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
- Where was the poet born?
- Where does a poet go after finishing school?
- What magazines did Vvedensky work for?
- Find a word that you don't understand.
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Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870 - 1953) - Russian writer. Born on October 10 in Voronezh in noble family. Childhood years passed in family estate on the Butyrki farm in Oryol province. Constant communication on the farm with courtyard people, with former serfs, enriched the writer. Here he first heard sad stories about the past, folk poetic tales. Bunin owes his first acquaintance with the rich Russian language to peasants and courtyard people.
He worked as a proofreader, librarian, and contributed to a newspaper. He moved often - he lived in Orel, then in Kharkov, then in Poltava, then in Moscow. Met with L. Tolstoy, met Anton Chekhov. Published the story "To the End of the World". Inspired by success, Bunin moves entirely to literary creativity. Among the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are novels, stories, stories, poems, translations of works of classics of world poetry.
Having met with hostility October Revolution, the writer left Russia forever in 1920. He emigrated to France and settled in Paris. Everything he wrote in exile concerned Russia, Russian people, Russian nature.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in Paris. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1. Find words in the text that you don’t understand and try to explain them.
2. Where was the writer born?
3. To whom does Bunin owe his first acquaintance with the rich Russian language?
4. Where did Ivan Alekseevich work?
5. Where did the writer emigrate and why?
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Agnia Lvovna Barto ( real name Volova) is a famous children's writer, whose poems every child in our country knows. Born on February 17, 1906 in Moscow in the family of a veterinarian. She received a good home education, led by her father. I started writing poetry back in primary school gymnasium. She dreamed of becoming a ballerina and graduated from a choreographic school. Her books were printed in millions of copies. She devoted her entire life to children, their upbringing and problems. During the Great Patriotic War Barto speaks a lot on the radio and goes to the front as a newspaper correspondent. To write a poem about teenagers who were forced by the war to grow up earlier, work and feed their families, she studies with them to become a turner, acquiring a craft rank.
IN post-war years Agnia Lvovna became the organizer of a movement in the USSR to search for families separated during the war. She suggested searching for lost parents using childhood memories. Through the “Find a Person” program on Mayak radio, it was possible to connect 927 separated families. And the writer’s first book of prose is called “Find a Person.”
The writer died in 1981, having lived a long and such people need life.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1.Who is the text talking about?
2.When did she start writing poetry? Name any poem.
3.What did the writer do during the war?
4. What kind of life did Agnia Lvovna live?
5. Find unfamiliar words in the text and try to explain them.
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26 (June 6, new style) 1799 in Moscow. This is where he spent his childhood.
In the summer, Pushkin was taken to Zakharyino, his grandmother’s village near Moscow. The boy loved these places: the birch grove that began right at the gate of Zakharya’s house - they drank tea here on hot days - and the huge linden tree by the pond, and the dark spruce forest on its other bank. He played here, imagining himself as a hero fighting evil forces. And in the evenings he listened to cheerful and sad Russian songs, looked at the round dances led by peasant girls.
1.Where was the writer born?
2.Where was Pushkin taken for the summer?
3. What places did little Sasha like?
Parents did not care much for their children. Sergei Lvovich, the poet’s father, thought little about home and raising children. Nadezhda Osipovna, the poet’s mother, a beautiful society woman, was busy only with herself. The real mistress of the Pushkin house was the poet’s grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, an intelligent, efficient and sensible woman. She loved her grandson very much. And the child, who did not know parental affection, became attached to her with all his heart. He loved listening to her quiet stories. I loved the fairy tales of my nanny Arina Rodionovna. With her melodious voice, she took the child into such a dazzling world of folk fantasy, sang such amazing songs that the boy forgot about the world around him. My father had an excellent library, mainly in French. The child greedily reached for the book. Secretly from adults, he sneaks into bookcases at night and reads by candlelight. Reading has become a passion.
Read 2 times and answer questions about the text:
1.Were the writer’s parents involved in raising the writer?
2. To whom was Pushkin’s heart attached?
3.Whose fairy tales did the poet love?
4.What was Sasha’s hobby?
It's time to start studying, but tutors and governesses are not kept in the house. Pushkin did not like his teachers; they did not know how to interest him. However, the child had a brilliant memory, which helped him learn the given lesson, repeating it after his sister Olga.
In the eighth year of his life he begins to write. From his pen come fables, comic poems, and comedies. He alone “acts out” his comedy “The Kidnapper” in front of his sister. He writes short poems in the albums of neighboring young ladies. Adults do not attach importance to the boy's poetic exercises.
By the age of twelve, Pushkin, in general, was far ahead of his peers in development. He, according to his brother, “was gifted with an incredible memory and at the eleventh year he already knew by heart all French literature" However, this did not stop him from running and jumping over chairs, deftly throwing the ball, that is, remaining a twelve-year-old playful boy. He loved native nature, folk tales and songs, he loved his grandmother, his nanny, he loved Yusupov’s garden and Zakharyino, he loved books.
Read 2 times and answer questions about the text:
1. Could teachers have interested Pushkin?
2.What year did he start writing?
3.What was the poet gifted with?
4.What did he like?
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Elena Aleksandrovna Blagininaborn on May 27, 1903 in the village of Yakovlevo, Oryol province. She grew up as a simple village girl who could not even imagine that she would someday become a famous children's poetess. At the age of 8 she composed a play for home theater, from the same time she composed poems and fairy tales. The main characters of her works are girls.
Her father was a cashier, her grandfather was a priest, and Elena herself was going to become a teacher. The desire to teach children was so great that she was ready to walk seven kilometers every day from her home in the village to the Kursk Pedagogical Institute.
Elena Blaginina had eight brothers and sisters. They lived with their parents and grandmother, who told a lot of fairy tales. I recited poems by A.S. Pushkin.
Elena Blaginina lived quite a life long life, and there wasn’t a day when she didn’t work. She dedicated her entire life to bringing joy to children through her works. Her poems were different: funny and interesting, childish and playful.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1.Where was the writer born?
3.What interesting things did you learn from the life of Elena Blaginina?
4. Find words that you don’t understand. Try to answer them.
Oleg Grigoriev.
I carried it home
A bag of sweets.
And here towards me
Neighbour.
He took off his beret:
- ABOUT! Hello!
What are you carrying?
- A bag of sweets.
- What - sweets?
- So - sweets.
- And the compote?
- There is no compote.
- No compote
And it is not necessary…
Are they made of chocolate?
- Yes, they are made of chocolate.
- Fine,
I am very happy.
I love chocolate.
Give me some candy.
- For candy.
- And that one, and that one, and that one...
Beauty! Delicious!
And this one, and that one...
No more?
- No more.
- Well hello.
- Well hello.
- Well hello.
L. Mironova
- Where is the apple, Andryusha?
- Apple? I've been eating for a long time.
- You didn't wash it, it seems.
- I peeled the skin off of him!
- Well done you have become!
- I've been like this for a long time.
- Where to clean things up?
- Ah... cleaning... ate it too.
S.V. Mikhalkov Kittens.
Our kittens were born -
There are exactly five of them.
We decided, we wondered:
What should we name the kittens?
Finally we named them:
ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE.
ONCE - the kitten is the whitest,
TWO - the kitten is the bravest,
THREE - the kitten is the smartest,
And FOUR is the noisiest.
FIVE - similar to THREE and TWO -
The same tail and head
The same spot on the back,
He also sleeps all day in a basket.
Our kittens are good -
ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE!
Come visit us guys
View and count
Singing is great! B.Zakhoder
- Hello, Vova!
- How are your lessons?
- Not ready...
You know, bad cat
Doesn't let me study!
I just sat down at the table,
I hear: “Meow...” - “What have you come for?
Leave! - I shout to the cat. -
I already... can't bear it!
You see, I'm busy with science,
So scurry and don’t meow!”
He then climbed onto the chair,
He pretended to fall asleep.
Well, he cleverly pretended -
It’s almost like he’s sleeping! -
But you can't fool me...
“Oh, are you sleeping? Now you will get up!
You are smart and I am smart!”
Strike him by the tail!
- And he?
- He scratched my hands,
He pulled the tablecloth off the table,
I spilled all the ink on the floor,
I stained all my notebooks
And he slipped out the window!
I'm ready to forgive the cat
I feel sorry for them cats.
But why do they say
As if it's my fault?
I told my mother openly:
“This is just slander!
You should try it yourself
Hold the cat’s tail!”
Fedul, why are you pouting your lips?
- I burned the caftan.
-You can sew it up.
-Yes, there is no needle.
-Is the hole big?
-One gate left.
I caught a bear!
- So lead me here!
-It doesn't go.
-Then go yourself!
- He won’t let me in!
Where are you going, Foma?
Where are you going?
-I'm going to mow hay,
-What do you need hay for?
-Feed the cows.
-What do you want about cows?
- Milk.
-Why milk?
-Feed the kids.
Hello pussy, how are you?
Why did you leave us?
- I can’t live with you,
There's nowhere to put the tail
Walk, yawn
You step on the tail. Meow!
V. Orlov
Theft.
- Kra! - the crow screams.
Theft! Guard! Robbery! The missing!
The thief sneaked in early in the morning!
He stole the penny from his pocket!
Pencil! Cardboard! Traffic jam!
And a beautiful box!
-Stop, crow, shut up!
Shut up, don't shout!
You can't live without deception!
You don't have a pocket!
“How?” the crow jumped
and blinked in surprise
Why didn't you say it before?
Car-r-raul! Car-r-rman stole!
Who is first.
Who offended whom first?
- He me!
- No, he me!
-Who hit whom first?
- He me!
- No, he me!
- You were friends like that before?
- I was friends.
- And I was friends.
- Why didn’t you share?
- I forgot.
- And I forgot.
Fedya! Run to Aunt Olya,
Bring some salt.
- Salt?
- Salt.
- I'm here now.
- Oh, Fedin’s hour is long.
- Well, he finally showed up!
Where have you been running, tomboy?
- Met Mishka and Seryozhka.
- And then?
- We were looking for a cat.
- And then?
- Then they found it.
- And then?
- Let's go to the pond.
- And then?
- We caught pike!
We barely got the evil one out!
- Pike?
- Pike.
- But excuse me, where is the salt?
- What salt?
S.Ya. Marshak
Wolf and fox.
Gray wolf in a dense forest
I met a red fox.
Lisaveta, hello!
- How are you, toothy?
Things are going well.
The head is still intact.
Where have you been?
- On the market.
- What did you buy?
- Pork.
How much did you take?
- A tuft of wool,
Ripped off
Right side
The tail was chewed off in a fight!
- Who bit it off?
- Dogs!
Are you full, dear kumanek?
- I barely dragged my legs!
Children's writers and their works.
Today you can find a huge number of offers on the shelves of bookstores, but not everything that has a beautiful and bright cover will be useful for children to read. The best works will be those that not only have a fascinating plot, but also carry certain educational ideas: they teach goodness, justice, and honesty.
Exactly at before school age erudition begins to develop: the child comes to school with an extensive and in many respects unique literary baggage. At preschool age, children are widely acquainted with Russian and world folklore in all the diversity of its genres, with Russian and foreign classics, with the works of children's writers - with those first classical works, to which a person often does not return later.
Art created for children is a diverse and extensive part modern culture. Literature has been present in our lives since childhood, it is with its help that the concept of good and evil is laid down, the worldview and ideals are formed. Even at preschool and primary school age, young readers can already appreciate the dynamics of poetry or beautiful fairy tales, and at an older age they begin to read thoughtfully, so the books need to be selected accordingly. Let's talk about Russian and foreign children's writers and their works.
Children's writers of the 19th-20th centuries and the development of children's literature.
For the first time, books specifically for children in Rus' began to be written in the 17th century; in the 18th century, the formation of children's literature began: at that time such people as M. Lomonosov, N. Karamzin, A. Sumarokov and others lived and worked. The 19th century is the heyday of children's literature, " silver Age“, and we read many books by writers of that time to this day.
Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)
The author of "Alice in Wonderland", "Alice Through the Looking Glass", "The Hunting of the Snark" was born in a small village in Cheshire (hence the name of his character - Cheshire Cat). The writer's real name is Charles Dodgson, he grew up in big family: Charles had 3 brothers and 7 sisters. He studied at college, became a professor of mathematics, and even received the rank of deacon. He really wanted to become an artist, he drew a lot, and loved to take photographs. As a boy he wrote stories, funny stories, loved the theater. If his friends had not persuaded Charles to rewrite his story on paper, Alice in Wonderland might not have seen the light of day, but still the book was published in 1865. Carroll's books are written in such an original and rich language that it is difficult to find a suitable translation for some words: there are more than 10 versions of the translation of his works into Russian, and it is up to the readers to choose which one to prefer.
Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002)
Astrid Eriksson (married Lindgren) grew up in a farmer's family, her childhood was spent in games, adventures and work on the farm. As soon as Astrid learned to read and write, she began to write various stories and the first poems.
The story "Pippi" Long stocking"Astrid composed it for her daughter when she was sick. Later, the stories “Mio, my Mio”, “Roni, the Robber’s Daughter”, a trilogy about detective Callie Blumkvist, a favorite triology of many, which tells the story of the cheerful and restless Carlson, were published.
Astrid's works are staged in many children's theaters around the world, and her books are adored by people of all ages. In 2002 it was approved literary prize in honor of Astrid Lindgren - she is awarded for her contribution to the development of literature for children.
Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940)
This Swedish writer, the first woman to receive Nobel Prize on literature. Selma was reluctant to remember her childhood: at the age of 3, the girl was paralyzed, she did not get out of bed, and her only consolation was fairy tales and stories told by her grandmother. At the age of 9, after treatment, the ability to move returned in Selma, and she began to dream of a career as a writer. She studied hard, received a doctorate, and became a member of the Swedish Academy.
In 1906, her book about the journey of little Nils on the back of Martin the goose was published, then the writer published the collection “Trolls and People,” which included fantastic legends, fairy tales and short stories, and she also wrote many novels for adults.
Russian children's writers
Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969)
Real name - Nikolai Korneychukov is known for children's fairy tales and stories in verse and prose. He was born in St. Petersburg, for a long time lived in Nikolaev, Odessa, from childhood he firmly decided to become a writer, but when he arrived in St. Petersburg, he was faced with refusals from magazine editors. He became a member of a literary circle, a critic, and wrote poetry and stories. He was even arrested for his bold statements. During the war, Chukovsky was a war correspondent, editor of almanacs and magazines. He spoke foreign languages and translated works foreign authors. Most famous works Chukovsky is “Cockroach”, “Fly Tsokotukha”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, “Miracle Tree”, “Moidodyr” and others.
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887-1964)
Playwright, poet, translator, literary critic, talented author. It was in his translation that many first read Shakespeare's sonnets, Burns's poems, fairy tales different nations peace. Samuel's talent began to manifest itself in early childhood: the boy wrote poetry, had the ability to foreign languages. The poetry books of Marshak, who moved from Voronezh to Petrograd, immediately enjoyed great success, and their peculiarity was the variety of genres: poems, ballads, sonnets, riddles, songs, sayings - he could do everything. In his works, Samuel Marshak introduces children different ages with the surrounding world, encouraging the child to feel full-fledged and interesting poetry. The poems of this writer not only help the child broaden his horizons, cultivating taste and love for literary Russian speech, but also help the child experience the richness of the language. Samuil Yakovlevich was awarded many prizes, and his poems were translated into dozens of languages. The most famous works are “Twelve Months”, “Luggage”, “The Tale of stupid mouse", "He's so absent-minded", "Mustache-striped" and others.
Agnia Lvovna Barto (1906-1981)
Agnia Barto was an exemplary student; already at school she began to write poetry and epigrams for the first time. Now many children are brought up on her poems; her light, rhythmic poems have been translated into many languages of the world. Agnia was an active literary figure all her life, a member of the jury of the Andersen Competition. In 1976 she received the H.H. Andersen Prize. The most famous poems are “Bullfinch”, “Bullfinch”, “Tamara and I”, “Lyubochka”, “Bear”, “Man”, “I am growing” and others. Barto always succeeded in such a dialogue, because she knew perfectly well the person she was addressing and respected the interlocutor, no matter how small he was.
Each toy in the image of Agnia Barto acquires individuality. A toy is an important part of the material, material environment that is closest to the child and is actively mastered by him.
Poems help you survive disdain to a toy as a betrayal of a friend. Barto contrasts the negligent and cruel “mistress” of the rag hare with another small character, who, after the bear lost his paw, continues to play with him “because he is good.” So childish affection old toy the poet melted it into a beautiful property of the soul: loyalty to close friends, gratitude and love. A peculiarity in poems about toys: as a rule, they are written in the first person, if we're talking about about some good deeds of children (“I’m pulling a boat along a fast river...”, “No, it’s not in vain that we decided to give the cat a ride in the car...”, “We’ll build the plane ourselves...”) and from a third person, when there are no active actions of the child or bad deeds child (“The mistress abandoned the bunny...”, “Our Tanya is crying loudly...”).
This example helps to affirm in young readers positive features character. A. Barto is a children's writer not because she wrote for children, but because her best poems became children's folklore. She walks with her reader through all the stages of childhood and at the same time not only strives to open the world of toys, things, nature, people, but also to lay the beginning in the child’s soul moral attitude to the world. Barto reveals the child's personality from the very beginning early childhood when the child just begins to walk (“Mashenka” - 1948). During this period, the baby is a discoverer of the world; he only receives the very first impressions. In her poems, the poetess traces the growth of independence of the child.
Agnia Barto laughs with children cheerfully, not evilly, she does not want to offend or condemn the child forever, since children grow and change and therefore they are not hopeless in bad deeds. Barto's ridicule does not hurt or kill, but makes him look at himself from the outside. Barto is deeply convinced that it is in childhood that the foundation of a person is laid, and if in the formative character appeared negative qualities, then this threatens great moral losses in the future.
Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (1913-2009)
He can be considered a classic of Russian children's literature: writer, chairman of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR, talented poet, writer, fabulist, playwright. He is the author of two anthems: the USSR and Russian Federation. He devoted a lot of time to social activities, although at first he did not have a dream of becoming a writer: in his youth he was both a laborer and a member of a geological exploration expedition. We all remember such works as “What do you have”, “Song of Friends”, “The Three Little Pigs”, “Under New Year", "Uncle Styopa is a policeman." Why is the image of Uncle Styopa so close to the reader, why is he friends with millions of children? First of all, he has a very attractive feature character, which, unfortunately, does not too often define the images of heroes of children's literature: kindness, responsiveness. Uncle Styopa not only prevented a train crash - he also saved pigeons from a burning house, and “lifted someone who was small in stature at a parade,” and “removed a kite from the telegraph wires for the guys.”
Children not only need everything that Uncle Styopa does for them, but they also need close and interesting what he does for himself. He jumps with a parachute, goes to a parade, shoots at a shooting range, comes to a stadium, rides a camel and finally joins the navy.
Mikhalkov, with remarkable accuracy and perceptiveness, defined the range of childish (mainly boyish) interests and managed to play out the adventures of Uncle Styopa in such a way that with each episode the appearance of the hero emerges more fully and attractively.
Contemporary children's writers
Grigory Bentsionovich Oster
Children's writer, from whose works adults can also learn a lot of interesting things. He was born in Odessa, served in the navy, his life is still very active: he is a presenter, a talented author, and a cartoon screenwriter. “Monkeys”, “A Kitten Named Woof”, “38 Parrots”, “Caught That Bitten” - all these cartoons were filmed according to his script, and “Bad Advice” is a book that has gained enormous popularity. By the way, an anthology of children’s literature was published in Canada: the books of most writers have a circulation of 300-400 thousand, and Auster’s “Bad Advice” sold 12 million copies!
Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky
From childhood, Eduard Uspensky was a leader, participated in KVN, organized skit parties, then he first tried his hand at being a writer, and later began writing plays for children's radio programs, children's theaters, and dreamed of creating his own magazine for children. The writer became famous thanks to the cartoon “Gena the Crocodile and His Friends”; since then the long-eared symbol, Cheburashka, has settled in almost every home. We also still love the book and cartoon “Three from Prostokvashino”, “The Koloboks Are Investigating”, “Plasticine Crow”, “Baba Yaga Against!” and others.
JK Rowling
Speaking about modern children's writers, it is simply impossible not to remember the author of the series of books about Harry Potter, the boy wizard and his friends. It is the best-selling book series in history, and the films based on them have grossed huge amounts of money at the box office. Rowling went from obscurity and poverty to... worldwide fame. At first, not a single editor agreed to accept and publish a book about a wizard, believing that such a genre would be uninteresting to readers. Only the small publishing house Bloomsbury agreed - and it was right. Now Rowling continues to write, is involved in charity work and social activities, she is a realized author and a happy mother and wife.
Modern children read little, are not interested in art, do not know how to organize leisure time, most spend time at the computer, as a result of which they do not know how to communicate with peers and adults.
You can’t help but wonder where such a wonderful tradition as family reading or reading before bed? It is no secret that it is in the family that a child’s personality is nurtured. The task of adults is to introduce children to reading and instill a love for books. If the family loves and reads a lot, then the baby will imitate the lifestyle of his family.
