These are paintings made up of small colored squares of smalt (special glass) or stones of different colors and shades. monumental painting. Fresco. Fresco means "fresh" in Italian. Frescoes are painted on fresh, damp plaster with paints diluted with water. Mosaic. Stained glass. From the Latin "vitrum", which means "glass". These are paintings made up of pieces of colored transparent glass, which are fastened with lead bridges.
slide 11 from the presentation "Types of Fine Arts". The size of the archive with the presentation is 5742 KB.Izo 6 class
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DIY glass crafts - picture
Many objects are made of glass today, which very often break due to our negligence. Do not rush to throw a cracked vase, bottle or ceiling into the trash, because glass is a unique material that designers use for their compositions. In this article, you will learn what kind of glass crafts you can make.
— glass bottles different colors or broken glass;
- a hammer;
- tweezers;
- goggles and gloves;
- toothpicks;
- brush;
- Frame;
- White paint;
1) First you need to get a lot of broken fragments of different colors. To do this, you can use bottles of water, perfume, medicines, shades or other glass items. You can also take straight glass and use a glass cutter.
2) Before breaking the bottle, it must be wrapped in a dense cloth, placed on a flat surface and hit with a hammer. Be sure to use safety goggles and gloves to avoid injury from flying fragments.
3) Sift the glass through a sieve and use tweezers to select the most suitable fragments.
4) Draw a picture on a piece of paper. It could be a butterfly, a cityscape, flowers, or something else. If you don't know how to draw, print a template of any black and white drawing from the Internet.
6) Insert the finished sketch into the frame under the glass. Now you need to stick the beads and broken glass on the glass surface, in accordance with the contours of our drawing. Squeeze the glue onto the glass and start gluing. With a toothpick, you can pry off the beads, and with tweezers, broken glass.
7) After the whole picture has been transferred to the glass, take out the sheet with the picture. Paint the background of the frame with white paint.
8) Wait for the application on the glass and the glue on the frame to dry. Insert the glass into the frame. The picture is ready!
glass paintings can not only be done in a frame, but also on chipboard. Depending on the diameter of the glass fragments, you can create real masterpieces. Glass looks good in daylight, so the pictures will become original decoration your interior. DIY glass crafts can be done not only by adults, but also by schoolchildren in grades 5-8.
Stained glass is undergoing a renaissance. Colored glass paintings are increasingly used by designers for interior design in the most different style. Such a picture is able to decorate the room, become its accent, set the tone for the entire interior. But in the past, making stained-glass windows was a time-consuming and expensive task, while modern techniques allow you to create masterpieces on glass yourself.
Styles and techniques
There are many styles of stained-glass windows, because the stained-glass window itself appeared in the Middle Ages. It has evolved over time to reflect the cultures different countries and eras, the emergence of new techniques made it possible to diversify the materials used. Now, several styles are used to decorate the premises.
- Classical. Assumes symmetrical pattern, floral motifs or geometric pattern. Performed in warm pastel colors. Appropriate in classic interior with clear lines, solid, heavy furniture.
- Gothic. This is the style of Catholic churches medieval Europe. The semi-darkness, the upward thrust of the narrow lancet windows and high towers with spiers, crimson, scarlet, gold, green, blue, purple colors. It uses religious motives or scenes from the life of medieval knights, castles, exploits, dragons, unicorns. Gothic stained glass will give the space a touch of mystery, fabulousness. It was during the Middle Ages that the most famous stained-glass windows were created, recognized as masterpieces.
stained glass window gothic style- fairy tale and mystery in your home
- Modern. Perhaps a universal style for any interior. The main motives of this style are marine, the idea is the priority of form over content. This style is characterized by smooth bizarre lines, one way or another repeating the shape sea wave, elegance, sophistication. Pale, muted colors, halftones, blue-green colors. Modern goes well with modern technology and gets along well with high-tech interiors.
Stained glass in Art Nouveau style is appropriate in any interior
- Abstract. Assumes geometric pattern and bright, joyful colors. It does not conflict with almost any interior, with the exception of the most orthodox. Brings a special emotionality to the space. In an abstract stained-glass window, it is important to strike a balance between form and color, and then it will never get bored, charging you with optimism and encouraging creativity.
stained glass window abstract style suitable for any interior and never get bored
- Egyptian. Soft paintings in sandy-brown tones. Figure reproduces Egyptian hieroglyphs, gods, pharaohs and scenes from their lives.
- Antique. The paintings resemble antique mosaics with ancient Greek scenes. Characterized by the presence of many small parts. Suitable for rooms in a minimalist style.
Stained glass in antique style is often a finished work
- Byzantine. Distinguished by the use of not only colored, but also transparent glass, which makes the image seem to be hanging in the air. Such stained-glass windows resemble painting on glass, suitable for rooms filled with light.
The use of transparent glass in the Byzantine style creates the illusion of the pattern floating in the air.
- Vanguard. The plot of the picture can be anything. But thanks modern technicians performance, it is given a sense of volume. The image is multi-layered, with three-dimensional details, on transparent or frosted glass, glossy, shining. This stained glass window sets the tone for the entire room and makes it trendy.
Stained glass in an avant-garde style can contain voluminous details
Stained glass in the interior creates a powerful accent, so it is important not to make a mistake when choosing a style. It should be in harmony with the overall style of the room or set it. Then the rest of the interior will complement and beat it without creating dissonance.
You can decorate with a stained glass window any glass or mirror surface. This will give the interior originality, originality and a sense of luxury. It is appropriate to place a stained-glass window in any room.
Where to place a stained-glass window in an apartment
- Window. The stained-glass window will give the bedroom a feeling of comfort, and the nursery - fabulousness. The stained-glass window in the window can be used as protection from the sun, hide the bathroom from prying eyes, add festivity and comfort in the kitchen.
Floral pattern on the balcony window will create the illusion of a country house
- Doors. You can decorate both full glass doors and glass inserts. The drawing is best done in the same style on all doors.
Drawing on all doors is best kept in the same style
- Fake windows. Such glass picture is supplied with lighting and is often installed in bathrooms or on landings.
A stained glass window will help to avoid the feeling of a closed space and additionally decorate the room.
- Ceiling lights. Large glass shades or acrylic inserts in the ceiling will add originality to the interior.
Gothic interior will decorate the stained-glass ceiling
- Glass partitions. They can be transparent and matte. Such partitions are often installed between the kitchen and the bathroom or the toilet and the bathroom. The stained glass window allows light to pass through, but does not allow you to see what is happening behind it.
Stained glass is a good solution for zoning a room
- Furniture facades, glass tabletops. Decorating furniture with stained glass - good way give it a personality. Even old furniture, decorated with stained glass, looks expensive and luxurious.
Stained glass inserts are appropriate for both furniture in the living room and for the kitchen
But not every stained glass can be done independently. There are several types of performance techniques.
Types of equipment
- Classic or set. The most complex and ancient technique. Colored glass fragments are inserted into metal frames assembled into a pattern and soldered. The technique requires special tools and skills. It is used for large structures and only by professionals.
stained glass window classic technique indispensable for large areas
- English or film. The pattern is formed on glass from stained glass self-adhesive film. Each fragment is cut out separately and glued to the place determined by the stencil. The pasted fragments are framed with lead tape. With certain skills, such a stained glass window can be made independently.
- Fusing. The stained-glass window is made without a metal frame by sintering multi-colored fragments into a monolithic pattern. It is impossible to make such a stained-glass window at home; a special oven with a high temperature is required.
Fusing stained glass strikes with the brightness of colors and the integrity of the composition
- Tiffany. This technique is similar to the classical one. Fragments of the pattern are cut out of colored glass, bordered with copper tape. Finished elements are assembled into a pattern and soldered together. For beginners, this technique is difficult, but it is quite possible to master and use it at home.
Stained glass in the Tiffany technique successfully replaces the classical technique
- Sandblasting. It consists in processing glass on a stencil with sand supplied under high pressure. The treated areas become dull, and the pattern becomes airy. Not applicable at home, requires special equipment.
- Cast. Each element is cast or blown from glass separately. After that, the fragments are assembled into a picture using reinforcement or mortar. Does not apply at home.
- Etching. pickling hydrofluoric acid glass creates deep relief patterns. Home use of this strong acid dangerous for health.
- Painted stained glass. The pattern is copied onto the glass and outlined. After drying, the contour of the void is painted stained glass paints.
In the painted technique, you can create real paintings
- Contour filling. As with the painted technique, the outline of the drawing is first prepared. After it dries, the voids are filled with thick layers of paint. If necessary, the paint is leveled with a brush or wooden stick.
Filling technique most successfully imitates classical styles
Video: making an English film stained glass window with your own hands
The most accessible for self-production are painted stained-glass windows and contour pouring techniques. They do not require special knowledge, materials and tools, and can imitate almost any other technique. For the manufacture of such stained-glass windows, only special paints, accuracy and patience are needed.
Video: do-it-yourself Tiffany stained glass window
What you need to make stained glass
Before you get started, prepare everything you need. For painted and flooded stained glass, you will need paints.
Paints
Special stained glass or acrylic paints on glass. All of them have their own characteristics.
Acrylic paints
The composition includes three main components: pigment, water and acrylic polymer emulsion. Sold in tubes or jars.
Acrylic paints are sold in jars and tubes.
Acrylic paints dry quickly, after which they become resistant and elastic. After drying, they are resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. It is very difficult to scrape off the dried coating, as well as to remove it with sandpaper.
Acrylic paints dry quickly and are easy to work with at home.
The color of the finished coating is matte, bright. It is not subject to fading and does not fade over time. Paints of different colors can be mixed with each other. The brush is washed immediately after use with water, for a dried one you will have to use a solvent.
There are two types: fired and non-fired. Fired after application, they heat up in the oven, harden and become resistant to external influences. The firing temperature is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.
Stained glass paints can be fired and unfired
If the paints are not fired, after a week they will dry and harden in the same way as when they were fired, but until then there is a risk of smearing them. The paints are water-based, which is why they are diluted with it. Brushes are also washed with water.
Unfired paints dry from 1 to 3 days depending on the manufacturer. The drawing requires fixing by applying a layer of nitro-lacquer.
These colors are more vibrant. They are thicker due to the synthetic solvent included in their composition. They fit well, they are more convenient to work on vertical surfaces.
Homemade paints
Some masters prefer to use paints own production. They are easy to make yourself from what is sold in hardware stores.
- Based on nitro lacquer. NTs-2141 or another similar one is used. Nitrolak is diluted with solvent 647, in a ratio of 1 to 0.4. Tinted artistic oil paint or building color. The dye is added little by little until the desired color intensity is achieved.
- Based on BF-2 glue. The glue is diluted twice with acetone, tinted with any alcohol-based dye. It can be ballpoint pen paste or other paint. The emulsion is stirred in a glass dish, tested on glass. If necessary, paint is added until the required intensity is reached.
- Gelatin based. 5-6 g of gelatin is brewed with 200 ml hot water to the consistency of a paste and add fabric dye. Drawing from such paint requires fixing with nitro-lacquer.
In addition to paints, you will need a contour for work. This is a special thick paste for outlining the borders of the pattern. It imitates metal frames for pieces of smalt in painted and stained-glass windows.
Circuit
Contours-reliefs are made on a water basis, sold in tubes. With their help, the drawing is outlined, which is then filled with paints. It can also be used to create a three-dimensional drawing.
Stained glass contours can be used to create a three-dimensional pattern
At home, contour paste can be prepared on the basis of PVA glue. To do this, you need 50 ml of dishware PVA, 20-30 ml of natural black ink (the best is Dutch), 30-40 g of silver or bronze powder.
Ink is introduced into the glue with constant stirring, and then powder, until a creamy consistency is obtained. Such a paste is prepared as needed, it is not stored. Stir each time before use. Masters apply it with a brush, forming a roller, it is more convenient for beginners to use a confectionery syringe.
Required Tools
For the manufacture of stained-glass windows using different techniques a special tool is required. In drawing and pouring technique, it will need a minimum:
- ruler;
- pencil;
- glass marker;
- brushes;
- wooden sticks or toothpicks.
And of course, making a stained glass window is impossible without a pattern stencil. How to do it, consider in more detail.
Stencil for stained glass
A suitable stencil can be purchased from a specialized store or stained glass artist. But it is much more interesting to make a stencil on your own, choosing a suitable sketch.
Do not choose a sketch with many details and voids; such a pattern will look sloppy on a finished stained glass window.
The image can be downloaded from the Internet and simply printed at the desired scale, taking into account the size of the future stained glass window. Or take your favorite picture, postcard and enlarge it to the required size.
Photo gallery: stencil samples for self-creation of stained glass
Floral motifs never go out of style and suitable for any room 
The details of the stencil are numbered for the convenience of coloring the stained glass window. 
The lattice complements the flower and gives the picture a finished look. 
Birds - another timeless story for stained glass
Number the details of the picture of the same color. This will help you not to make mistakes when coloring.
How to enlarge a drawing
- Draw the pattern into cells with a side of no more than 1 cm.
- Number the resulting grid vertically and horizontally.
- Measure stained glass.
- Transfer the dimensions to paper.
- Mark the sheet according to the number of cells in the figure.
- Draw a grid on the sheet in accordance with the markup.
- Cell by cell, transfer the image from the postcard to paper on an enlarged scale.
- The finished drawing can be corrected, colors can be changed.
If you have drawing skills, you can create a pattern yourself. To do this, transfer the dimensions of the future stained-glass window onto a sheet of paper and mark the contours of the pattern. Draw with a simple pencil to be able to correct inaccuracies.
When choosing an image, keep in mind that its proportions may suffer when enlarged. If necessary, draw the picture not with squares, but with rectangles.
Draw the details, you should be able to whole picture. Circle the finished drawing ballpoint pen or fine marker.
Application
Having prepared everything you need, you can start making stained glass. Take care to working surface straight and be aware that the glass may break if handled carelessly.
Making a stained glass window: step by step instructions
To protect yourself from cuts, the edges of the glass can be pre-pasted with masking tape before work.
Video: a master class for making a stained-glass window with a flood technique
Having mastered the painted and filling equipment, you can try yourself in the English film or fusion technique. This will require large expenses, materials and skills, but it's worth it.
Photo gallery: a few ideas for placing stained glass windows in the interior
Abstract pattern suitable for high-tech style 
Floral ornament decorate living room windows 
A stained-glass window on the bathroom window will give a special atmosphere and protect from prying eyes. 
The geometric pattern for the living room is easy to make with stained glass film 
Stained glass windows of the landing are made in the same style 
Bay windows are well suited for stained glass 
Ceiling insert can be decorated with film stained glass
Creating stained glass windows is a creative and exciting activity. The simplest stained-glass windows can be made even by children. And let your work not be like the masterpieces of world art, but they will bring originality and a particle of your individuality to your home.
Paintings on glass by Elsa Kolesnikova have an amazing property - they change their shade depending on the lighting, time of day and even the weather outside the window.
And when the sun is outside, it seems that each picture is literally saturated with sunlight, and in itself radiates light and heat... 
It's hard to paint on glass. First, you need to draw with reverse side, which means that it is difficult for the artist to keep track of what exactly he draws and how it turns out. 
You have to navigate by memory, following the imposition of strokes. 
And painting on glass does not forgive mistakes, because they cannot be corrected. One small inaccuracy, a tiny "puncture" - and write wasted.
The finished work is fixed with enamel and allowed to dry thoroughly.
We create a stained-glass window with our own hands. Master Class
Beauty is always captivating. Especially if this beauty is an extraordinary pattern on a window pane or a stained-glass window playing in the sun. Looking at the painted windows, we often do not guess - this can be done with our own hands - with the help of our master class, which was conducted by interior designer and artist Natalia Povyakel. She called her technique "home stained glass". It can be used almost everywhere: paint windows, glass in interior doors. Home stained glass is ideal for conditional zoning of space: hung on a thick twine or chains, the stained glass will delimit the territory of the apartment and become bright decorative element. With the help of such a painting, you can update the glass tabletop, emphasize the originality of the glass shelf. Small framed stained glass windows are a wonderful gift. It does not need to be an artist from God. Enough imagination, a little time (our master class took 4 hours of time) and patience (it will take the whole night for the stained glass to dry).
Step 1. Choose tools
For the instrument, we went to the art salon-shop. Tassels chosen from synthetic fiber: natural hair may deteriorate after the first painting with chemical-based paints. We bought special paints and a contour - for a stained-glass window. It is important that they are of the same company: materials from different manufacturers may not be combined in consistency, and because of this, the stained-glass window will spread. It is easier to buy a special set for this type of work. For window glass it is better to use transparent paints. If you create a picture on glass that will not let light through, matte paints are more suitable.
THE COST OF BEAUTY
Brushes, 2 pcs. - 90 UAH.
Paints - 7 colors + 2 tubes of contour - 118 UAH.
Nail polish remover - 2 UAH.
Total: 210 UAH.
Step 2. Preparing a sketch
It can be an author's drawing, a copy of a photograph, an outline of a loved one's hand - it's better to fill your hand in unpretentious drawings.
Step 3. Translating the Image
We put the prepared sketch under the glass and transfer the drawing to it, carefully tracing the lines with a stained glass outline. We start working from above so as not to smear the contour. Finishing the line, tear off the hand. Each element must be completed separately.
Step 4. Apply paint
The contour should dry well. This will take at least 5 hours. Then we decorate the elements of the finished drawing with stained glass paints (we recall children's colorings). If there are not enough colors, you can interfere with the ones that you have, creating different shades. For purity of color after each paint, the brush must be washed with nail polish remover. Wet it with a clean napkin or cloth and carefully wipe the pile.
Step 5. Finishing touches
“You have to love your instrument very much. And it will answer you the same,” says Natalya, washing the brushes with love after the last stroke.
To clean the tool well, use a solvent and a napkin. We clean up the "errors" on the stained glass window. If you need to remove a small element, you can arm yourself with ear sticks.
Step 6. We admire!
Paints should dry very well. If they are wet, they will spread all over the glass. The best option is to leave the stained glass to dry overnight. If the work needs to be finished urgently, you can use a hair dryer to speed up drying.
The next day, turn the resulting beauty over face. After all, we did all the work from the inside out. And... enjoy!
If the drawing subsequently gets bored, it is elementary to remove it using the same solvent.
Tatiana Shaginyan
