great artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky wrote several thousand amazing paintings, many of whom received world fame and won the hearts of art lovers. Most Ivan Konstantinovich dedicated his masterpieces to the sea and natural elements. His paintings mainly depict a stormy sea, which is subject to negative influences natural phenomena and the elements. But there are also images of a calm sea atmosphere.
Aivazovsky conveyed the incredible beauty of night landscapes in his masterpieces. Moonlight night has a mesmerizing look in its execution. He manages to show all the delights of the sea at night, to convey every small detail in the reflection of the water. Delving deeper into the artist’s work, you can immediately understand that Aivazovsky loves the sea very much. The moonlit night also impresses and inspires him. It is in the combination of the sea and the moon that many of its greatest paintings
. Looking through all the paintings, you can see that it was Aivazovsky who preferred moonlit nights. The description of such paintings only confirms this.
The artist’s love for the sea did not appear just like that, because Ivan Konstantinovich comes from Crimea, where there are a huge number of beautiful and picturesque places. It was on the shores of the Black Sea that the artist received inspiration for creating many of his paintings. Aivazovsky wrote many of his masterpieces specifically about Crimea. Aivazovsky's hometown is Feodosiya. Here he spent his childhood, and already at that time he gradually fell in love with the sea. Since childhood young artist showed his talents by painting the walls of houses. Then, already as an adult, and having graduated art academy
, Ivan Konstantinovich painted many paintings depicting the best sea views of the city.
Feodosia. Moonlight night. 1880 One of these paintings by Aivazovsky is “”. It depicts a pronounced lunar path in a calm sea, one of the author’s favorite views. In the distance two ships and mountain slopes can be seen. Also in the foreground you can see two people having a conversation. The picture is very harmonious, you can look at it and constantly notice new details. “Feodosia. Moonlight night". Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky painted this picture in 1850. After that, he painted two more paintings from the same angle. They all depict night, sea and moonlight, other details vary. Looking at these three paintings, great admiration for Aivazovsky’s work comes. How clearly he conveyed every detail of the night view of this Black Sea coast. Probably, this place was exactly what the artist liked, since he often visited here as a child. This bathhouse is located near his house.
For Aivazovsky, the moonlit night in Crimea was a special source of inspiration. Many paintings were dedicated to the beauty of this peninsula. He traveled to many coastal cities of Crimea and left the best sea views on his canvas.
View of Odessa on a moonlit night. 1855
Ivan Konstantinovich also visited Odessa and captured the Black Sea from other shores. Aivazovsky also could not ignore the view of Odessa on a moonlit night. This is exactly what he called his painting created in this Black Sea city" ". It depicts the sea, sea port and several ships. Also a small boat with fishermen going for the night catch. Clouds are visible, the weather is not entirely clear, but this does not prevent the moon from displaying its crowning path in the waters of the Black Sea.
Galata Tower on a moonlit night. 1845
Aivazovsky often visited Turkey. The artist was attracted by the extraordinary landscapes of the eastern country. He supported a good relationship With Turkish sultans. He often painted them paintings with impressive views or portraits of sultans as gifts, and also performed commissioned work. Most of the paintings created in Turkey were painted in Constantinople. This is not surprising, because there is inspiration here for a marine painter. One of popular paintings, dedicated to travel to Turkey "". Aivazovsky depicted a mesmerizing view of the tower - one of the main symbols of the city. The Turkish people are well depicted leading a measured nightlife. Also, the calm sea, reflecting the bright moon, did not go unnoticed. The weather is good, as can be seen from the clear sky, bright moon and calm sea. Mosques can be seen in the distance, which gives the picture oriental flavor. In the calm sea, many fishing boats went hunting.
Sea, moonlit night Aivazovsky’s description of these natural beauties is most attractive in creating his masterpieces. He, like no one else, does it perfectly. This is only given when enormous talent
Aivazovsky traveled a lot different countries. He was very attracted sea travel, after which he received the greatest inspiration. He produced some of his masterpieces while swimming. He was most attracted to travel to coastal cities. Aivazovsky also visited galleries and museums and became acquainted with the work of foreign artists. Besides creating own paintings, he copied paintings by other creators.
Italy attracted the artist. Many great paintings were created here. He traveled to many Italian cities and captured the most striking places on his canvas. Of course, Aivazovsky could not ignore the moonlit night of Naples. The artist most liked to depict night landscapes with lunar views on canvas. In each country, he conveyed all the details in a special way, trying to convey the flavor of that country and the accompanying atmosphere.
Moonlight night in Capri. 1841
If we continue to describe Ivan Aivazovsky’s moonlit nights reproduced on canvas, then it is worth mentioning several more paintings. Aivazovsky's painting of a moonlit night, created in 1841, was called "". It is different from the paintings described above. The seashore is depicted, small waves. The bow of a wooden boat is visible, from which two teenagers admire seascape. The painting does not contain many objects to explore, but it is worth noting how the artist depicts small details. Each wave, how it changes according to the direction of the wind - the artist masterfully conveys all this in his paintings. For such reverent work, you need to truly feel every detail, and this can only be done by a person in love with the sea.
Moonlight night. 1849
Also, you can notice that the paintings were made in one color scheme and a separate object does not have a color that stands out from the crowd. Everything is subject to reflections of natural shades and lighting.
The clarity of the shape of the objects in the painting, the small number of colors used, attention to each the smallest detail– all these are the main highlights of the artist. He also skillfully played with colors, even when using a meager range of colors, due to the opposition of colors, he could achieve brightness and clarity of the resulting image.
Despite the fact that Aivazovsky is considered a marine painter, his execution also produced excellent portraits, landscapes of mountains, nature and other types of art. Still, Ivan Konstantinovich liked the seas and everything connected with them.
Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich moonlit nights in combination with sea water brought the greatest inspiration. This can also be seen by looking at it famous masterpieces, written from the sea. Despite the fact that the paintings depict night, everything is clearly visible thanks to the illumination of the moon. Her light in the paintings reflects every object and detail, which look harmonious in the moonlight.
In his paintings depicting the sea, the artist paid attention to the water element highest value. He painted all other objects the first time, but to depict sea water, the marine painter applied extraordinary Creative skills. He tried to express every wave, every crest, as well as a realistic representation of the sky in the water. This took a huge amount of time and effort, because it was necessary to apply several layers and apply glazing methods in order to achieve the desired combination of colors, the effect of water transparency and other distinctive qualities inherent only in Aivazovsky’s work.
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was one of the few marine painters who managed to so masterfully convey the mesmerizing sea nature on his canvas. You can look at his paintings for a long time and enjoy the landscapes. He managed to reproduce natural elements and the sea very realistically. The artist’s paintings are brilliant, both those depicting day and night. Looking at any of them, you are convinced of the extraordinary talent of the great marine painter Aivazovsky.
, oil . 178.8 × 135.2 cm
"Moonlight night"- painting by Russian artist Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887), painted in 1880. It is part of the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery (inv. 676). The size of the painting is 178.8 × 135.2 cm.
Story
Kramskoy began work on the painting “Moonlit Night” in 1879. The painting was presented at the 8th exhibition of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (“Peredvizhniki”) in St. Petersburg in 1880.
In 1880, the painting was purchased from the author by Sergei Tretyakov and became part of his collection. In 1892, after the death of Sergei Tretyakov, according to his will, the painting was transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery.
Description
The painting “Moonlit Night” is considered one of Kramskoy’s most lyrical paintings. It shows a woman in a white dress sitting on a bench under trees in the moonlight.
In one of the early versions, the model for the image of a woman was Anna Ivanovna Popova (1860-1942), future wife Dmitry Mendeleev. For the final version of the painting, Sergei Tretyakov’s second wife, Elena Andreevna Tretyakova (nee Matveeva), posed for the artist.
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Notes
Links
- in the Tretyakov Gallery database
Excerpt characterizing Moonlit Night (painting by Kramskoy)
“Cette armee russe que l"or de l"Angleterre a transportee, des extremites de l"univers, nous allons lui faire eprouver le meme sort (le sort de l"armee d"Ulm)", ["This Russian army, which English gold was brought here from the end of the world, will experience the same fate (the fate of the Ulm army).”] he recalled the words of Bonaparte’s order to his army before the start of the campaign, and these words equally aroused in him surprise at the brilliant hero, a feeling of offended pride and hope of glory. “What if there is nothing left but to die? Well, if necessary, I will do it no worse than others.”Prince Andrei looked with contempt at these endless, interfering teams, carts, parks, artillery and again carts, carts and carts of all possible types, overtaking one another and jamming in three, four rows dirt road. From all sides, behind and in front, as long as one could hear one could hear the sounds of wheels, the rumble of bodies, carts and carriages, the clatter of horses, blows of a whip, shouts of urging, curses of soldiers, orderlies and officers. Along the edges of the road one could constantly see either fallen, skinned and unkempt horses, or broken carts, near which lonely soldiers were sitting, waiting for something, or soldiers separated from their teams, who were heading in crowds to neighboring villages or they dragged chickens, sheep, hay or bags filled with something from the villages.
On the descents and ascents the crowds became thicker, and there was a continuous groan of shouts. The soldiers, sinking knee-deep in mud, picked up guns and wagons in their hands; whips beat, hooves slid, lines burst and chests burst with screams. The officers in charge of the movement drove forward and backward between the convoys. Their voices were faintly audible amid the general roar, and it was clear from their faces that they despaired of being able to stop this disorder. “Voila le cher [“Here is the dear] Orthodox army,” thought Bolkonsky, remembering Bilibin’s words.
Wanting to ask one of these people where the commander-in-chief was, he drove up to the convoy. Directly opposite him was riding a strange, one-horse carriage, apparently constructed at home by soldiers, representing the middle ground between a cart, a convertible and a carriage. The carriage was driven by a soldier and sat under a leather top behind an apron, a woman, all tied with scarves. Prince Andrei arrived and had already addressed the soldier with a question when his attention was drawn to the desperate cries of a woman sitting in a tent. The officer in charge of the convoy beat the soldier, who was sitting as a coachman in this carriage, because he wanted to go around others, and the whip hit the apron of the carriage. The woman screamed shrilly. Seeing Prince Andrei, she leaned out from under her apron and, waving her thin arms that had jumped out from under the carpet scarf, shouted:
- Adjutant! Mr. Adjutant!... For God's sake... protect... What will this happen?... I am the doctor's wife of the 7th Jaeger... they won't let me in; we fell behind, lost our own...
- I’ll break you into a cake, wrap it up! - the embittered officer shouted at the soldier, - turn back with your whore.
- Mr. Adjutant, protect me. What is this? – the doctor shouted.
- Please let this cart pass. Can't you see that this is a woman? - said Prince Andrei, driving up to the officer.
The officer looked at him and, without answering, turned back to the soldier: “I’ll go around them... Back!...
“Let me through, I’m telling you,” Prince Andrei repeated again, pursing his lips.
- And who are you? - the officer suddenly turned to him with drunken fury. - Who are you? Are you (he especially emphasized you) the boss, or what? I'm the boss here, not you. “You go back,” he repeated, “I’ll smash you into a piece of cake.”
The officer apparently liked this expression.
“You shaved the adjutant seriously,” a voice was heard from behind.
"Moonlit Night on the Dnieper"(1880) – one of the most famous paintings Arkhip Kuindzhi. This work created a real sensation and acquired mystical fame. Many did not believe that the light of the moon could be conveyed in this way only artistic means, and looked behind the canvas, looking for a lamp there. Many stood silently for hours in front of the painting, and then left in tears. Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich bought “Moonlit Night” for his personal collection and took it with him everywhere, which had tragic consequences.
The artist worked on this painting in the summer and autumn of 1880. Even before the exhibition began, rumors spread that Kuindzhi was preparing something completely incredible. There were so many curious people that on Sundays the painter opened the doors of his studio and let everyone in. Even before the exhibition began, the painting was bought by Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich.
Kuindzhi was always very zealous about exhibiting his paintings, but this time he outdid himself. It was personal exhibition, and only one work was shown on it - “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper”. The artist ordered to drape all the windows and illuminate the canvas with a beam of electric light directed at it - in daylight Moonlight it didn't look so impressive. Visitors entered the dark hall and, as if under hypnosis, froze in front of this magical picture.
There was a queue for days in front of the hall of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists in St. Petersburg, where the exhibition took place. The public had to be allowed into the room in groups to avoid crowding. ABOUT incredible effect the paintings were legendary. Shine moonlight was so fantastic that the artist was suspected of using some unusual mother-of-pearl paints brought from Japan or China, and was even accused of having connections with evil spirits. And skeptical viewers tried to find reverse side canvas hidden lamps.
Of course, the whole secret was in the extraordinary artistic skill Kuindzhi, in the skillful construction of the composition and such a combination of colors that created the effect of radiance and caused the illusion of flickering light. The warm reddish earth tone contrasted with the cool silver tones, thereby deepening the space. However, even the professionals could not explain the magical impression that the painting made on the audience with skill alone - many left the exhibition in tears.
I. Repin said that the audience froze in front of the painting “in prayerful silence”: “This is how the artist’s poetic charms acted on selected believers, and they lived in such moments with the best feelings of the soul and enjoyed the heavenly bliss of the art of painting.” The poet Ya. Polonsky was surprised: “I honestly don’t remember standing in front of any painting for so long... What is this? Picture or reality? And the poet K. Fofanov, impressed by this painting, wrote the poem “Night on the Dnieper,” which was later set to music.
I. Kramskoy foresaw the fate of the canvas: “Perhaps Kuindzhi combined together such colors that are in natural antagonism with each other and after a certain time will either go out, or change and decompose to the point that descendants will shrug their shoulders in bewilderment: why did they come to the delight of the good-natured spectators? To avoid this unfair treatment in the future, I would not mind drawing up, so to speak, a protocol that his “Night on the Dnieper” is all filled with real light and air, and the sky is real, bottomless, deep.”
Unfortunately, our contemporaries cannot fully appreciate the original effect of the painting, since it has survived to our times in a distorted form. And it's all to blame - special treatment to the canvas of its owner, Grand Duke Constantine. He was so attached to this painting that he took it with him to trip around the world. Having learned about this, I. Turgenev was horrified: “There is no doubt that the painting will return completely destroyed, thanks to the salty fumes of the air.” He even tried to persuade the prince to leave the painting for a while in Paris, but he was adamant.
Unfortunately, the writer turned out to be right: the salt-saturated sea air and high humidity had a detrimental effect on the composition of the paints, and they began to darken. Therefore, now “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” looks completely different. Although the moonlight still has a magical effect on viewers today, it still arouses constant interest.
1. Kuindzhi worked on the painting “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” for about six months. A few months before the completion of the work, rumors spread throughout St. Petersburg about incredible beauty this work. Long lines lined up outside the windows of his workshop. Everyone wanted to at least get a glimpse of this work of art. Kuindzhi went to meet the people of St. Petersburg and lifted the veil of secrecy. Every Sunday, the artist opened the doors of his studio to everyone for exactly 2 hours.
2. During this time, many great people of that time became guests of his workshop - I.S. Turgenev, D.I. Mendeleev, Ya.P. Polonsky, I.N. Kramskoy, P.P. Chistyakov. One Sunday, a modest naval officer came to the artist and inquired about the cost of the painting. Arkhip Ivanovich named an incredible amount for those times - 5 thousand rubles. He didn't expect him to agree at all. But the officer replied: “Okay. I’ll leave it behind.” It turned out that it was Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, who acquired the painting for his collection.
3. “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” was exhibited on Bolshaya Morskaya Street in St. Petersburg, in the hall of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists. It is important that this was the first exhibition of one painting in Russia. And people stood in line for hours to see the work of the “artist of light.” This is exactly what fans of his work began to call Kuindzhi.
4. Arkhip Kuindzhi approached the exhibition of his painting responsibly. The idea came to him in a dream: in order to achieve a greater effect, the artist asked to curtain all the windows in the hall and illuminate the picture with a beam focused on it. When visitors entered the dimly lit hall, they could not believe their eyes - the sparkling silvery-greenish disk of the moon flooded the entire room with its deep, bewitching light. Many of them looked behind the painting in the hope of finding a lamp there in order to convict the author of charlatanism. But she was not there.
5. In this picture, Kuindzhi managed to show all the beauty of nature, calm and serene Ukrainian night– the majestic Dnieper, dilapidated mud huts and the cold glow of moonlight. I.E. Repin recalled how dozens of people stood in front of the canvas “in prayerful silence” with tears in their eyes: “This is how the artist’s poetic charms acted on selected believers, and they lived in such moments with the best feelings of the soul and enjoyed the heavenly bliss of the art of painting.”
6. There were rumors that Kuindzhi paints with “magic lunar” paints from Japan. Envious people said with contempt that drawing with them did not require great intelligence. The superstitious accused the master of being in cahoots with evil spirits.
7. The secret of the “artist of light” was the artist’s fantastic ability to play with contrasts and long experiments on color rendering. In the process of creating a painting, he mixed not only paints, but also added chemical elements. Kuindzhi helped him with this close friend– D.I.Mendeleev.
8. The new owner, Grand Duke Constantine, liked the painting so much that he decided not to part with it even when traveling. He placed the canvas on his yacht and went sailing. I.S. Turgenev was horrified by this. He wrote to D.V. Gigorovich: “There is no doubt that the picture... will return completely destroyed.” I even personally persuaded the prince to leave the painting, but he was adamant. Of course, dampness, wind and air saturated with salt had a negative impact on the condition of the canvas. The paint was cracked and faded. But despite this, the picture still fascinates the viewer.
9. The picture was extremely popular. This prompted Kuindzhi to create two more original copies of Moonlit Night on the Dnieper. They were written 2 years later - in 1882. The first is kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, the other in the Livadia Palace in Yalta.
10. The fame that befell Kuindzhi after “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” almost “crushed” the artist. At the peak of your creative powers great creator took an unexpected step. He closed the doors of his workshop and stopped exhibition activities. He explained his action this way: “...an artist needs to perform at exhibitions while he, like a singer, has a voice. And as soon as the voice subsides, you have to leave, not show yourself, so as not to be ridiculed.” For 30 years of “silence” there was not a day when the artist did not pick up a brush or pencil. Even before his death, he remained faithful to his life's work. Not having the strength to get out of bed, he lay down and drew pencil sketches.
11. The museum-apartment of the talented master is located in the famous “house of the artist” on Birzhevoy Lane. The initiative to create a museum-apartment was made by Kuindzhi’s student, Nicholas Roerich. Unfortunately, it was possible to open the exhibition only in 1991 - on the 150th anniversary of the artist.
HELP KP
Arkhip Ivanovich KUINDZHI born on January 27, 1842 in the family of a poor shoemaker. The surname Kuindzhi was given to him by his grandfather’s nickname, which in Tatar means “goldsmith.” In the 60s, the aspiring artist “failed” the exam twice and entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts only on the third try. There he became friends with V.M. Vasnetsov and I.E. Repin, met I.N. Kramskoy, the ideologist of advanced Russian artists. Early works The artist's works were written under the influence of Aivazovsky's manner. Over time, he begins to think about themes and writing style, independently studying paints, colors, lighting effects, and by the age of forty he becomes famous. In the early 90s, Kuindzhi began a period of “silence” and for almost 30 years he painted “on the table”. In the period 1894-1897, Kuindzhi led the highest art school at the Academy of Arts. His students were A. Rylov, N. Roerich, K. Bogaevsky. In 1909, Kuindzhi organized the Society of Artists. He donated his money, lands and paintings to this organization. “The Artist of Light” died in St. Petersburg on July 11, 1910.
08.05.2015
Description of the painting by Ivan Kramskoy “Moonlit Night”
Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy is a famous Russian artist. He is the author of paintings that are still popular among art connoisseurs to this day. Ivan Nikolaevich painted many paintings, the plot of which unfolded in the evening or late at night. But one of the most best paintings A painting called “Moonlit Night” is considered to have a similar plan. This canvas very accurately conveys the beauty and romance of a summer night. What could be more beautiful than warm summer night, through the darkness of which a ray of the full moon breaks through. main character painting - a woman dressed in a fabulous white dress. A woman sits on a bench and from her bowed head and thoughtful gaze you can understand that she is thinking or dreaming about something.
The bench on which the woman is sitting is located opposite the pond. Behind the miniature beauty, militant poplars rise. The poplars are not completely depicted in the picture - it seems that their tops go far beyond the boundaries of the picture. A woman, deep in thought, looks at a pond. She is sad and very calm. It is noticeable that she is glad to have the opportunity to retire from the endless noise of everyday life. Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy very well conveyed to the audience the naturalness of nature and the atmosphere that permeated the place near the pond. Basically, the accurate transfer of the atmosphere of that place contributes a large number of highlights that the painter used. Night calm and tranquility, the dreaminess of a woman sitting near a pond, and a moonbeam breaking through the trees - the artist was able to convey all this with great skill. It is not for nothing that this particular work was noted by critics who lived at the same time as Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy. This painting helped critics put Kramskoy on a par with such legends of Russian painting as
