"... In a word, Terkin, the one who
A dashing soldier in the war
At the party, the guest is not superfluous,
At work - anywhere ... "
Alexander Tvardovsky
Vasily Ivanovich Terkin is one of the brightest collective images of a Russian soldier in the literature of the twentieth century. Terkin is an ordinary soldier, from the "first company, rifle regiment. Vasily's last name is saying" But it’s hardly my Terkin, a well-worn man. "He comes from a village in Smolensk region: "Your native Smolensk region, in your native village."
Vasily the joker and the kind man "And the great joker looks at people from the side", simple and ordinary:
"However, the guy at least where.
Turkin, good fellow."
Open soul and a generous heart make him the soul of a soldier's family:
"Terkin himself is already laughing,
Endowed with a generous heart."
And his playing the accordion, in moments of rest, fills the soldiers' souls with calmness, with a sense of family and home: "Just a fighter took a three-row, you can immediately see - an accordionist."
Terkin's appearance is typically Russian, not handsome, but handsome in soul, not big and not small, but a daring hero.
"Let's be frank:
endowed with beauty
He was not excellent
Not tall, not that small
But a hero is a hero."
Cheerful and optimistic, Terkin jokingly raises the morale of his comrades:
Leaving the captive region.
I have one political conversation
He repeated: Don't be discouraged.
Supports morally comrades in Hard time: "Vasily Terkin repeated: - We will endure. We will overcome." Never despairing, Vasily loved life now, as it is:
Allow me to report
Short and simple:
I am a big hunter to live
Years to ninety.
Kind and direct, Terkin is a man of honor: "Forget yourself in the war, Remember the honor, however." A jack of all trades, like all rural men, Vasily does not sit still. He finds something to do everywhere, having a lively and restless character. Colleagues admire his work, he helps everyone and infects with his energy:
Look - and that is gratifying:
Falling Saw
It's okay, it's so complicated
Passed in his hands.
Behind the appearance of a joker and a storyteller, a courageous, brave fighter, a patriot, ready to give his life for the Motherland, for his people, breaks down: "A brave guy fights to the death." rooting for the victory of his people:
I do not need, brothers, orders,
I don't need fame
And I need, my homeland is sick,
Native side!
Having shot down a plane with a rifle, Terkin receives an order, becoming a hero:
And it's not every day they get knocked down
Airplane from a rifle.
Who is he among his own
Not an anti-aircraft gunner and not a pilot,
And the hero is not worse than them?
Favorite of soldiers and commanders "But already a favorite of the platoon", Terkin hides behind a smile deep knowledge life, displacing flour with jokes hard life"He was long to melancholy", so he saw a lot of grief, death, human anguish:
I bent such a hook
I've come so far
And saw such flour
And I knew such sadness!
The war took all of Vasily's relatives, he is lonely, there was no one to accompany him to the war:
Terkin my Vasily.
Nobody happened
Lead on the road.
Vasily is the embodiment of human values, firm in decisions, purposeful in life, he goes through death and grief with honor, believing in victory and instilling hope in his comrades:
Hard in torment and proud in grief,
Turkin is alive and cheerful, damn it!
"Vasily Terkin" was written throughout the Great Patriotic War - from 1941 to 1945. But the idea for the work arose much earlier, during the Finnish campaign of 1939-1940. A hero named Vasily Terkin first appears in poetic feuilletons of the Tvardov period Soviet-Finnish war. Some chapters, which later became part of the poem "Vasily Terkin", were created long before the work took shape in its final form ("On a Halt", "Accordion", "Crossing"). After the end of the Finnish war, work on "Vasily Terkin" became the main business of Tvardovsky. It was during the Great Patriotic War that the text known to us under this name was created.
The first chapters of the poem "Vasily Terkin" were published in the front press in 1942. In addition, starting from the same year, the poem was published in separate editions.
Genre
Traditionally, the genre of "Vasily Terkin" is usually referred to as a poem. Such a genre definition is quite natural, since this work combines the lyrical and epic principles.
However, the author himself called "Vasily Terkin" "A book about a fighter." Tvardovsky explained this as follows: “The genre designation of The Book about a Fighter, which I settled on, was not the result of a desire to simply avoid the designation “poem”, “story”, etc. This coincided with the decision to write not a poem, not a story or a novel in verse, that is, not something that has its legalized and, to a certain extent, obligatory plot, compositional and other features.
These signs did not come out of me, but something still came out, and I designated this something as the “Book about a fighter.”
Plot
« Crossing". There is a river crossing. The platoons are loaded onto the pontoons. Enemy fire breaks the crossing, but the first platoon managed to get over to the right bank. Those who remained on the left are waiting for dawn, not knowing what to do next. Terkin sails from the right bank (winter, icy water). He reports that the first platoon is able to ensure the crossing if it is supported by fire.
« two soldiers". In the hut - grandfather (old soldier) and grandmother. Terkin comes to them. He fixes old men's saws and watches. The hero guesses that the grandmother has hidden fat and persuades him to treat him. Grandfather asks Terkin: “Shall we beat the German?” He answers, already leaving, from the threshold: “We will beat you, father.”
« Duel". Terkin fights hand-to-hand with the German and wins. Returns from reconnaissance, leads with a "language".
« death and warrior". Terkin is seriously wounded and lies in the snow. Death comes to him and persuades him to submit to her. Turkin disagrees. People from the funeral team find him and carry him to the medical battalion.
Composition
Conventionally, the poem "Vasily Terkin" can be divided into three parts: the first tells about the beginning of the war, the second is dedicated to the middle, and the third - to the end of the war.
A feeling of bitterness and sorrow fills the first part, faith in victory - the second, the joy of the liberation of the Fatherland becomes the leitmotif of the third part of the poem.
This is explained by the fact that Tvardovsky created the poem gradually, throughout the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
This is due to the originality of the composition.
The poem is built as a chain of episodes from the military life of the protagonist, which do not always have a direct event connection with each other.
Each next chapter of the poem is a description of one front-line episode.
Not only individual chapters, but also periods, stanzas within chapters are distinguished by their completeness. This is due to the fact that the poem was printed in parts, which means that it should be available to the reader from "anywhere".
It is no coincidence that Tvardovsky's work begins and ends with lyrical digressions. An open conversation with the reader brings the work closer to the inner world, creates an atmosphere of common involvement in the events.
The poem ends with a dedication to the fallen.
Topic
The central theme of the work is the life of the people in the war.
Despite the humor that permeates the poem from beginning to end, Tvardovsky portrays the war as a severe and tragic test. vitality people, country, every person:
The howl goes holy and right.
Mortal combat is not for glory.
For life on earth.
And put a pillar of water
Suddenly a projectile. Pontoons in a row
There were a lot of people there -
Our haircut guys...
And saw for the first time
It will not be forgotten:
people are warm and lively
Going down, down, down...
Tvardovsky shows victories, but also the drama of retreat Soviet army, soldier's life, fear of death, all the hardships and bitterness of war.
The war in "Vasily Terkin" is primarily blood, pain and loss. Thus, the author describes the grief of a fighter who hurries to the newly liberated native village and finds out that he no longer has a home or relatives.
... homeless and rootless,
Back in the battalion
The soldier ate his cold soup
After all, and he cried.
On the edge of a dry ditch
With a bitter, childish trembling of the mouth,
I cried, sitting with a spoon in my right,
With bread in the left, - an orphan.
The fighters start talking not at all about “high” topics - for example, about the advantage of a boot over a felt boot. And they end their “war-work” not under the columns of the Reichstag, not at a festive parade, but where any suffering usually ends in Russia - in a bathhouse.
But in "Vasily Terkin" we are talking not only about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, which took millions of lives, but also about the war in general.
Here rise philosophical problems life and death, war and peace.
Tvardovsky comprehends the war through the prism of peace, through the image of eternal human values that are destroyed by the war.
The writer affirms the greatness and value of life through the denial of war and the death that it brings.
The image of Vasily Terkin
In the center of the poem is the image of Terkin, uniting the composition of the work into a single whole. Terkin Vasily Ivanovich - main character poems, an ordinary infantryman from Smolensk peasants. He embodies best features Russian soldier and people in general.
Terkin tells young soldiers about the everyday life of the war with humor; says that he has been fighting since the very beginning of the war, he was surrounded three times, was wounded.
The fate of the protagonist, an ordinary soldier, one of those who bore the brunt of the war on his shoulders, becomes the personification national strength spirit, the will to live.
It is no coincidence that the hero's surname is consonant with the word "rub": Terkin is an experienced soldier, a participant in the war with Finland. In the Great Patriotic War, he participates from the first days: "in service since June, in battle since July."
Terkin is the embodiment of the Russian character. He is distinguished neither by outstanding mental abilities, nor by outward perfection:
Let's be frank:
Just a guy himself
He is ordinary.
However, the guy though where.
Guy like that
In each company there is always
Yes, and in every platoon.
The image of Vasily Terkin embodies the best features of the people: courage, courage, love of work, modesty, simplicity, sense of humor.
Cheerfulness and natural humor help Terkin cope with fear and defeat death itself. Turkin often takes risks own life. For example, he crosses the river in icy water and establishes communication, ensuring a favorable outcome of the battle (“Crossing”).
When the frozen Terkin is rendered medical care, he is joking:
Rubbed, rubbed...
Suddenly he says, as in a dream: -
Doctor, doctor, can't you
Should I warm up from the inside?
Vasily Terkin is shown not only as a soldier, he is also a jack of all trades. In harsh military conditions, he did not lose his taste for peaceful work: he knows how to fix watches and sharpen an old saw (“Two Soldiers”). In addition, Terkin is also a master at playing the harmonica.
In a word, Terkin, the one who
A dashing soldier in the war
At the party, the guest is not superfluous,
At work, anywhere.
The prototype of Vasily Terkin was the entire Russian people.
It is no coincidence that in the chapter "Torkin - Terkin" we meet another fighter with the same surname and the same name, and he is also a hero.
Terkin speaks about himself in plural, thus showing that he is a collective image.
Perhaps the most terrifying passage in The Book of the Fighter is the Death and the Warrior chapter. It tells about how death came to the hero, who "was lying unselected". Death persuaded him to surrender to her, but Terkin courageously refused, although it cost him a lot of effort. Death does not want to lose its prey so easily and does not leave the wounded. Finally, when Terkin began to lose strength, he set a condition for Death:
I'm not the worst and I'm not the best
That I will die in the war.
But at the end of it, listen
Will you give me a day off?
Will you give me the last day,
On the holiday of world glory,
Hear the victorious salute
What will be heard over Moscow?
From these words of the soldier it becomes clear that he is ready to part with his life, but to see the victory of his people. In a difficult struggle, the front-line brotherhood helps the protagonist. Even Death is surprised at this friendship and retreats.
Vasily Terkin is a generalized and at the same time deeply individualized image.
He is perceived as completely real hero- dexterous, savvy, witty. Terkin is inseparable from the warring people.
The book is "inhabited" by many episodic persons: grandfather, a soldier who fought during the First World War, and a grandmother, his wife, tankers in battle and on the march, a girl, a nurse in a hospital, a soldier's mother returning from captivity, a soldier who lost all his relatives, etc.
Almost all of these heroes are nameless, which, of course, is not accidental. This helps the author create a unified image Soviet people defending their land.
"... In a word, Terkin, the one who
A dashing soldier in the war
At the party, the guest is not superfluous,
At work - anywhere ... "
Alexander Tvardovsky
Vasily Ivanovich Terkin is one of the brightest collective images of a Russian soldier in the literature of the twentieth century. Terkin is an ordinary soldier, from the "first company, rifle regiment. Vasily's last name is saying" But it’s hardly my Terkin, a well-worn man. "He comes from a village in Smolensk region: "Your native Smolensk region, in your native village."
Vasily the joker and the kind man "And the great joker looks at people from the side", simple and ordinary:
"However, the guy at least where.
Turkin, good fellow."
An open soul and a generous heart make him the soul of a soldier's family:
"Terkin himself is already laughing,
Endowed with a generous heart."
And his playing the accordion, in moments of rest, fills the soldiers' souls with calmness, with a sense of family and home: "Just a fighter took a three-row, you can immediately see - an accordionist."
Terkin's appearance is typically Russian, not handsome, but handsome in soul, not big and not small, but a daring hero.
"Let's be frank: endowed with beauty
He was not excellent
Not tall, not that small
But a hero is a hero."
Cheerful and optimistic, Terkin jokingly raises the morale of his comrades:
Leaving the captive region.
I have one political conversation
He repeated: Don't be discouraged.
Supports morally comrades in difficult times: "Vasily Terkin repeated: - We will endure. We will overcome." Never despairing, Vasily loved life now, as it is:
Allow me to report
Short and simple:
I am a big hunter to live
Years to ninety.
Kind and direct, Terkin is a man of honor: "Forget yourself in the war, Remember the honor, however." A jack of all trades, like all rural men, Vasily does not sit still. He finds something to do everywhere, having a lively and restless character. Colleagues admire his work, he helps everyone and infects with his energy:
Look - and that is gratifying:
Falling Saw
It's okay, it's so complicated
Passed in his hands.
Behind the appearance of a joker and a storyteller, a courageous, brave fighter, a patriot, ready to give his life for the Motherland, for his people, breaks down: "A brave guy fights to the death." rooting for the victory of his people:
I do not need, brothers, orders,
I don't need fame
And I need, my homeland is sick,
Native side!
Having shot down a plane with a rifle, Terkin receives an order, becoming a hero:
And it's not every day they get knocked down
Airplane from a rifle.
Who is he among his own
Not an anti-aircraft gunner and not a pilot,
And the hero is not worse than them?
A favorite of soldiers and commanders "But already a favorite of the platoon", Terkin hides a deep knowledge of life behind a smile, displacing the flour of a hard life with jokes "He was long to longing", so he saw a lot of grief, death, human longing:
I bent such a hook
I've come so far
And saw such flour
And I knew such sadness!
The war took all of Vasily's relatives, he is lonely, there was no one to accompany him to the war:
Terkin my Vasily.
Nobody happened
Lead on the road.
Vasily is the embodiment of human values, firm in decisions, purposeful in life, he goes through death and grief with honor, believing in victory and instilling hope in his comrades:
Hard in torment and proud in grief,
Turkin is alive and cheerful, damn it!
Vasya Terkin - real hero. I know that he was and still is loved by many. It can be mistaken for a real person, and not for a fictional character. He still evokes sympathy, even admiration.
Not only did he manage to shoot down a German plane, while Vasya was in the infantry, which he adores ... He twisted the German with his bare hands. Although the fight scene shows how difficult it all was. The German is fat, sleek, strong. And Vasya has grown thin, tired. Of course, he jokingly asks for supplements from a local chef. And in general he gets it, but the cook is not very pleased - there are probably few products. And he even makes a remark to Terkin: “Why don’t you go to the fleet, such a glutton.” But Terkin, which is his remarkable quality, is not offended. He laughs it off, it's hard to hurt him.
But he (such a merry fellow) is experiencing negativity. For example, when it small motherland belittle. This is when in the hospital young hero offended that Terkin mistook him for a countryman. Why is Smolensk land worse?! And for her sake, Terkin is ready to perform feats. Il when a colleague laments that he has lost his pouch, Terkin freaks out in the end. He said to the bewildered once with a smile, twice with a joke, but he still does not let up. But it is clear that this was the last straw for the one who lost. He even complains that he lost his family, home, and now that pouch. But Terkin generously gives his own, saying, they say, the main thing is not to lose the Motherland. And what is needed for this? Cheer up, first of all!
That is, Vasily is an optimist, he is generous and courageous. He respects civilians: children, old people... By the way, the authorities too. Here he was talking about the general - how smart he should be. But this experience is also because when the soldier was still in the cradle, the future general was already at war.
I remember the scene with the awarding of the order. When they called Terkin to that same general, and the soldier’s things were wet - only washed. And Vasya is in no hurry to see the general, although he was given “two minutes” time, because it is impossible in wet pants. He understands that there are certain boundaries that cannot be violated.
While I see some pluses in Vasya. Laziness is also not about him. He would not be able to sit out in the rear or in the hospital when the war ... The only thing that would give me a headache from him. There are way too many jokes.
But in the terrible time of the war it was necessary, I think.
Option 2
Vasily Terkin is collective image Russian soldier. Where did he come from? Soldiers from all fronts wrote to Tvardovsky and told their stories. It was some of them that formed the basis of the exploits of Terkin. Therefore, it is so recognizable, so popular. Yes, in the next company there, Vanya or Petya did exactly the same as Terkin.
A cheerful, resilient joker who knows how to make everything with his own hands.
He served in the "queen of the fields" - mother infantry, which marched all the way to Berlin across Europe. Vasily managed to shoot down a German plane. And in a hand-to-hand fight, he defeated a healthy Fritz. And when the cook asks for supplements, but it is not provided - there is not enough food, he grumbles and sends him to the fleet. The naval at that time were fed better than the infantry.
Turkin is collective character, and every soldier recognized familiar features in him. Each chapter is separate story about the next feat of Vasily. Tvardovsky wrote the poem not after the war, but during the fighting, in the intervals between battles. He was a front correspondent.
Terkin was as alive. He communicated with the soldiers on an equal footing, gave good advice. The soldiers were looking forward to the release of each new chapter in the front-line newspaper. Terkin was a friend and comrade for everyone. He was one of them. If Terkin could do such a thing, then every soldier could do exactly that. The soldiers enjoyed reading about his exploits and adventures.
Tvardovsky specially invented his Terkin so that he would help the soldiers morally. Supported their fighting spirit. Terkin means "gritty".
Here it is melted down to the opposite shore under enemy fire. Alive, swam, and it was late autumn. The water in the river is cold. But it was necessary to personally deliver a report to someone, because. there was no connection.
The other messengers did not make it to shore. And Vasya swam. At stake was the life of many soldiers and officers who melted down from one shore to another and came under fire from the Nazis.
And for his feat does not require anything. You don't even need an order. He agrees to a medal. And the medal "For Courage" was considered a soldier's order. Well, another hundred grams of alcohol inside to keep warm. Why waste everything on skin? He also has the strength to joke around.
Composition Image of Vasily Terkin image with a description with examples and quotes from the text
Tvardovsky wrote his poem not after the war in the quiet of offices, but practically on it, in the intervals between hostilities. The chapter just written was immediately published in the front-line newspaper. And the soldiers were already waiting for her, everyone was interested in the further adventures of Terkin. Tvardovsky received hundreds of letters from all fronts from soldiers like Vasily Terkin.
They told him interesting stories about the exploits of their fellow soldiers. Some episodes Tvardovsky then "attributed" to his hero. That is why it turned out to be so recognizable and popular.
Didn't exist real person with the same first and last name. This image is collective. It contains all the best that is inherent in the Russian soldier. Therefore, everyone could recognize himself in it. Tvardovsky specially invented it so that in a difficult moment, as if alive, real man helped the soldiers morally. Everyone and everyone was best friend. Each company and platoon had its own Vasily Terkin.
Where did Tvardovsky get such a surname from? "Torkin" means a grated roll, beaten by life. A Russian person can endure everything, survive, grind, get used to everything.
From the poem, you can learn a little about the biography of Terkin. He comes from the Smolensk region, was a peasant. A good-natured Russian guy, easy to talk to, likes to tell all sorts of stories, a joker and a merry fellow. At the front from the first days of the war. Was injured.
Brave, courageous, fearless. At the right moment, he took command of the platoon. It was he who was sent across the river with a report that the platoon was entrenched on the opposite bank. Those who sent it understood that he had little chance of getting it. But he got there. Alone, swimming, in the icy November water.
Like all Russian peasants, Terkin is a jack of all trades. What he just didn’t do was fix the clock, sharpen the saw, and even play the harmonica. He must have been the first guy in the village. Modest "... why do I need an order, I agree to a medal ..."
He lay in the cold trenches under heavy fire from the Nazis. In the face of death, he did not get scared, but asked her for a respite for one day to see victory and salute. And death receded.
Initially, Tvardovsky planned Terkin as a feuilleton image in order to entertain the soldiers and raise their morale. But he did not notice how he himself fell in love with his hero, and decided to make his image real, not caricatured. Give him the best human features- resourcefulness, courage, patriotism, humanism, a sense of military duty.
The author compares his favorite hero with the Russian hero folk tales, a soldier who managed to cook soup from an ax. Those. he is resourceful and savvy, can find a way out of any seemingly hopeless situation. "Russian miracle man". On people like Terkin, all of Russia rests.
The poem is written plain language, easily and permanently remembered.
Essay 4
Vasya Terkin, of course, is a well-known character and even beloved by everyone. However, I have a slightly different opinion.
I think he is a character, not a real hero. That is, it is clear that such a person does not exist, cannot actually exist. He is too cheerful, optimistic, so joyful ... He would, frankly, annoy me. I'm surprised no one hit him from the soldiers. That is, raising morale is, of course, good, but playing tricks when there is a war around ...
For example, in the scene with the lost pouch. To the fighter who lost expensive thing, obviously no joke. From the outside it may seem that the pouch is nonsense. But it is clear that for a fighter this loss was the last straw, as they say. He held on when he lost his home, his family, but he held on last strength. And here is the pouch...
And our "hero" Vasya does not understand the suffering of a soldier. Laughing, mocking, shaming! To something he says that losing the Motherland is scary. But it is understandable, compared: the pouch and the Motherland.
So, Terkin is too positive. I'm not sure that such a person (with such dashing manners) could hold out on a real front.
But of course, Tvardovsky tried to invest a lot good qualities into your hero. And he boldly fights the Germans, and he cannot be kept in the hospital ... However, what unprecedented luck Vasily must still have in order to shoot down a German plane with a gun! It looks more like a soldier's bike! However, here he is Terkin - lucky. In fact, he was also lucky in hand-to-hand combat with the German, although the Fritz was well-fed and strong. It was lucky when our tankers picked him up in the wounded hut, took him to the doctor - they saved him.
I think that at that time the front-line needed such a hero. He is almost a hero, almost Ivan the Fool. He gives readers confidence in victory. The poet repeats through his lips that we will not lose in this war. Fortunately, these words have come true.
And yet, for me, this character is too simple. But that's just my personal opinion.
Option 5
Alexander Trofimovich Tvardovsky - the author of the unforgettable work "Vasily Terkin" Being himself in the thick of things, since he himself fought at the front and went through the whole war as a war correspondent, he talked a lot with soldiers, and he himself more than once got into various difficult situations. Everything that he describes in his book, he heard from ordinary fighters, foot soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, the infantry played essential role in the history of the war, and it is mainly to her that main merit in victory. So the main character of the author's story belonged to the infantry.
The image turned out to be collective and averaged. He is an ordinary guy who dreams of love, happiness, family and a peaceful life. One participant in the war wrote: The Germans loved, knew how and wanted to fight, but we fought out of necessity. Turki also fought out of necessity. A cruel enemy attacked his beloved land. His serene happy life on the collective farm was cruelly cut short by a formidable misfortune, and the war became work for him, as hot suffering in the collective farm, when the rains broke out. The whole country turned into a single military camp, and even in the rear, the fascist could not sleep peacefully. Terkin endlessly loves his homeland, calling the earth "mother". His cheerfulness, courage and kindness permeate every chapter of the book. The cheerful and kind-hearted Terkin does not burn in fire and does not sink in water. Because his will to defeat the Nazis is very great in order to free mother earth from the damned invader. He is savvy, as he masterfully gets out of all the troubles in which the author puts him. In addition, he has great feeling humor, which helps to endure the hardships and difficulties of the front with ease, tipsy, and, not least, helps the reader with bated breath to follow the adventures of our hero and worry about him.
At the front, all the soldiers were looking forward to the release of each new chapter about Terkin. They loved him as a brother and as a friend. And everyone found in themselves and in their comrades something from their favorite hero. The author is trying to show through his Terkin what the Russian people should be like. Only great courage, selflessness and kindness could lead the country to victory. And we won because the Russian engineers were more talented, the technologists were more brilliant, and our twelve- and fourteen-year-old boys, who got up to the machines instead of their fathers who had gone to the front, turned out to be more skillful and enduring than the overgrown German soldiers. And about each of them we can say that his name was Vasily Terkin. Soldiers fought and died not because their commanders sent them to their deaths, but because they fought for their homeland!!! This feat was, is and will always be, this is a feature of the Russian soldier - to sacrifice himself: Brest Fortress held until November, all died for their homeland! And there are tens of thousands of such examples!
"Vasily Terkin" can be called the bestseller of that time. Glory to the Russian soldier!
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History of creation
The poem began to be written in 1941. Separate excerpts were printed in a newspaper version in the period from 1942 to 1945. In the same 1942, a still unfinished work was published separately.
Oddly enough, but work on the poem was started by Tvardovsky back in 1939. It was then that he already worked as a war correspondent and covered the course of the Finnish military campaign in the newspaper On Guard for the Motherland. The name was coined in collaboration with the members editorial board newspapers. In 1940, a small brochure "Vasya Terkin at the front" was published, which was considered a great award among the fighters.
The image of the Red Army soldier was liked by the readers of the newspaper from the very beginning. Realizing this, Tvardovsky decided that this topic was promising and began to develop it.
From the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, being at the front as a war correspondent, he gets into the hottest battles. Gets into the encirclement along with the soldiers, leaves it, retreats and goes on the attack, worrying about own experience whatever he wanted to write about.
In the spring of 1942, Tvardovsky arrives in Moscow, where he writes the first chapters "From the Author" and "On a Halt", and they are immediately published in the newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda.
Such an explosion of popularity Tvardovsky could not imagine even in his wildest dreams. The central publications Pravda, Izvestia, Znamya reprint excerpts from the poem. Orlov and Levitan read the texts on the radio. Artist Orest Vereisky creates illustrations that finally formed the image of a fighter. Tvardovsky spends in hospitals creative evenings, and also meets with labor collectives in the rear, raising morale.
As always, what you like common people, did not receive the support of the party. Tvardovsky was criticized for pessimism, for the lack of mention that the party leads all the accomplishments and achievements. In this regard, the author wanted to finish the poem in 1943, but grateful readers did not allow him to do this. Tvardovsky had to agree to censorship edits, in return he was awarded Stalin Prize for what has become immortal work. The poem was completed in March 1945 - it was then that the author wrote the chapter "In the Bath".
Description of the work
The poem has 30 chapters, which can be conditionally divided into 3 parts. In four chapters, Tvardovsky does not talk about the hero, but simply talks about the war, about how much ordinary Soviet peasants had to endure, who defended their homeland, and hints at the progress of work on the book. The role of these digressions cannot be underestimated - this is a dialogue between the author and readers, which he conducts directly, even bypassing his hero.
There is no clear chronological sequence in the course of the story. Moreover, the author does not name specific battles and battles, however, individual battles and operations highlighted in the history of the Great Patriotic War are guessed in the poem: retreats Soviet troops, so common in 1941 and 1942, the battle of the Volga, and, of course, the capture of Berlin.
There is no strict plot in the poem - and the author did not have the task of conveying the course of the war. The central chapter is "Crossing". The main idea of the work is clearly traced there - a military road. It is on it that Terkin and his comrades are striding towards the achievement of the goal - complete victory over the Nazi invaders, which means to a new, better and free life.
The hero of the work
The main character is Vasily Terkin. Fictional character, cheerful, cheerful, straightforward, despite the difficult circumstances in which he lives during the war.
We are watching Vasily in different situations- and we can mark it everywhere positive traits. Among brothers-in-arms, he is the soul of the company, a joker who always finds an opportunity to joke and make others laugh. When he goes on the attack, he is an example for other fighters, he shows such qualities as resourcefulness, courage, endurance. When he rests after a fight, he can sing, he plays the accordion, but at the same time he can answer quite harshly and with humor. When soldiers meet with civilians, Vasily is charm and modesty itself.
Courage and dignity, shown in all, even the most hopeless situations, - these are the main features that distinguish the main character of the work and form his image.
All other heroes of the poem are abstract - they don't even have names. Brothers in arms, a general, an old man and an old woman - they all just play along, helping to reveal the image of the main character - Vasily Terkin.
Analysis of the work
Since Vasily Terkin does not have real prototype, then we can safely say that this is a kind of collective image that was created by the author, based on his real observations of the soldiers.
The work has one distinguishing feature What distinguishes it from similar works of that time is the absence of an ideological principle. In the poem there is no praise of the party and personally Comrade Stalin. This, according to the author, "would destroy the idea and figurative structure of the poem."
The work uses two poetic size: four-foot and three-foot trochee. The first size is found much more often, the second - only in separate chapters. The language of the poem has become a kind of Tvardovsky's card. Some moments that look like sayings and lines from funny songs, as they say, "gone to the people" and began to be used in everyday speech. For example, the phrase “No, guys, I’m not proud, I agree to a medal” or “Soldiers surrender cities, generals take them out” are still used by many today.
It was on such as the protagonist of this poem in verse that all the hardships of the war fell. And only them human qualities- strength of mind, optimism, humor, the ability to laugh at others and at oneself, in time to defuse the tense situation to the limit - helped them not only win, but also survive in this terrible and merciless war.
The poem is still alive and loved by the people. In 2015, the Russian Reporter magazine conducted sociological research on hundreds of the most popular poems in Russia. Lines from "Vasily Terkin" took 28th place, which indicates that the memory of the events of 70 years ago and the feat of those heroes is still alive in our memory.
