A LARGE Berber demonstration took place earlier in the week in the Moroccan capital of Rabat. The demonstrators shouted slogans at mother tongue tamazight, carried banners in the Berber Tifinagh script saying: "We are not Arabs! Don't distort history!" Many of the passers-by reacted to the demonstrators with sympathy, but most were perplexed why the Berbers denied what had connected them with the rest of the inhabitants of North Africa for 14 centuries, why they abandoned the Arab culture that seemed to have become familiar and familiar to them.
Morocco is officially an Arab country with Islam as the state religion. Berber activists in Morocco claim that all Moroccans are Berbers, but Berber influence in the political and economic life of the country is minimal. The official number of Berbers living in Morocco is unknown, but according to independent sources, they are in the majority. In total, according to various estimates, there are from 10 to 25 million Berbers in the world. Most, except for Morocco, live in Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Tunisia, the Canary Islands, Egypt, Burkina Faso and Chad.
Activists of the Berber movement complain that in modern history books they forget about the contribution of their ancestors to the history of the countries where they live. The Berbers are remembered mainly at folklore festivals and for the entertainment of tourists, mentioning them as something exotic.
The word "Berber" comes from "barbarian" - this is how the ancient Romans called this people during the conquests of North Africa. The Berbers themselves identify themselves by the name of the tribe, the people to which they belong (Tamazight, Reefs, Shleh, Tuareg, Kabils). Moroccan Berbers prefer to call themselves "imazighen", which in translation from the Tamazight language means "free man".
Addressing the speech on the occasion of the second anniversary of the reign, King Mohammed VI of Morocco promised to create a Royal Institute for the Study of Berber culture, calling it a national treasure of the country. The king added that the institute would do everything possible to preserve the Berber heritage. True, back in 1978, the country's parliament decided to create such an institution, but this idea was never implemented. At the same time, the Berbers are not going to be satisfied with the recognition of their culture - they demand that the Tamazight language be given the status of the official language of Morocco along with Arabic.
The problem with the recognition of the Berber language is that it has about 300 dialects, and some experts even consider them independent languages. It is good if representatives of only one Berber nationality live in the country. And if there are several of them, then which of the languages should be recognized as official?
While everything goes without bloodshed in Morocco, in neighboring Algeria, Berber unrest has not stopped for several months. As NG has already written, it all started with the murder of a Berber youth by police in Kabylia. A wave of protests gradually overwhelmed several Algerian provinces. In July, protesting US support for the Algerian regime, the Berbers staged a picket at the White House during a visit to Washington by Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Demonstrations were also held in front of American embassies and consulates in many European and African countries.
OUT OF THE 29 MILLION population of Algeria, there are about 3 million Berbers. By the time of the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 7th century, the Berbers had already established a feudal system. After the arrival of the Arabs, the process of their gradual assimilation began, Islam began to spread, Arabic, writing and culture. Nevertheless, the Berbers have retained their language and customs for many centuries. The bulk is religiously related to Sunni Muslims, a small part after the colonization of Algeria by France adopted Catholicism. The Kabyles, who mainly represent the Berber population of Algeria, still retain many elements of animism, remnants of pre-Islamic beliefs and rituals, and do not comply with many of the precepts of Islam. And to this day, many of them live in settlements, which are small closed "mini-states".
For a long time, the Berbers resisted French and Spanish colonization. Since the colonization of Algeria, the Kabyles began to be intensively recruited into the French colonial troops and into the French army, and the name of one of the Berber tribes living in Algeria - the Suava - gave the name to a special genus French troops: zuavam. The first such regiment was created in 1831. Zouave regiments took part in almost all the colonial wars of France, in the Franco-Prussian War and in two world wars.
Organizer recent speeches in Algeria is the "Movement for a Free Kabyle", created by a group of representatives of the Kabyle intelligentsia. The movement demands that those responsible for the crimes committed against the Berbers be punished, that their language be recognized as the official language, that national rights be guaranteed, and that the economic situation be improved.
IN Lately separatist slogans are being raised more and more often. For many decades, relations between the Kabyles and the Algerian Arabs were complicated. At the same time, the French colonial authorities deftly used these contradictions.
The "Movement for a Free Kabylia" aims to unite all Berbers in single state. Similar plans exist for the leaders of another group of Tuareg Berbers living in the desert regions of Algeria and Libya, as well as in Mali and Burkina Faso.
Surprising as it may seem to many to find out, but indigenous people North Africa are not Negroid Africans and not even Arabs, but peoples who are commonly called Berbers. Even more surprising is the fact that these peoples are the peoples of the White Race, subjected to violent Islamization in the 7th century AD.
By the way, many Berbers are unaware that they are called that, since this name was given to them by other peoples, and such a name is scientifically called an exoethnonym. There is a theory that it allegedly appeared even under the Romans. Take it out of Greek barbaros, or Latin barbarus- "barbarian". So the Greeks, followed by the Romans, called all the peoples whose culture and language they did not understand. However, if we take into account that the Roman Empire in the sense in which it is presented to us by orthodox historians did not exist, and the entire “ancient” history was written in the Middle Ages, then everything is not so simple and unambiguous, even with the term “barbarian”, and even with the origin from him "Berber" and even more so. After all, they also, they say, called the ancient Germans barbarians, but they never began to be called Berbers.
But the ancient Spaniards were called Iberians. And here it is impossible not to notice that the ethnonyms "Berber" and "Iber" have the same root "ber". According to Karl-Wilhelm Humboldt, a German philologist and philosopher of the 19th century, the oldest population of Spain - the Iberians, who lived on the territory of the peninsula from the 8th millennium BC, are immigrants from North Africa and the remnants of this ancient population Western Europe are modern Basques. There is also a version that the name Berbers could either come from the local "ber-aber" - "to move in groups." In addition, the Braber tribe (or Barabir, Beraber) lives in central Morocco. So, if you wish, you can find several versions of the origin of the word Berbers, but for some reason the most common version is “barbaric”.
Now the Berbers are called the totality of many tribes that live throughout northern Africa, from Egypt in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and from Sudan in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north, as well as in other countries, including European ones. The number of Berbers in the world is estimated differently - from 20 to 40 million. Human. Most of them live in the so-called countries of the Maghreb, in Arabic - “Where the sunset is”: Morocco (tribes of Shilhs, Amazikhs, reefs - about 9.5 million people), Algeria (Kabils, Chauya, Tuareg - about 4, 3 million), Tunisia and Libya (Nafusi tribe 210 thousand). Berbers also live in Mali (0.6 million), Niger (0.4 million), France (1.2 million), Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, the USA and Australia.
It is believed that they call themselves amazigh, amasiyen(may sound like amazig, amazir and even amazai), which means "people" or « free people» . However, there is another opinion on this matter. It is expressed by A.Yu. Militarev is a Russian philologist and linguist, a specialist in the field of Semitic, Berbero-Canary and Afroasian linguistics. In his article "Through the Eyes of a Linguist: Garamantides in the Context of North African History" he writes the following:
“Let's touch on a few more scientific “micromyths” around the self-name of the Berbers. “The self-name that they (Berbers. - A.M.) most often they give themselves, this amasiyen which means "people". They call their language human, which is no less pride and contempt for the non-Berbers than the Romans, who called them barbarians ”(13). And from another author: “The self-name of the Tuareg is imohag (or imagirhen), which means “free” (“independent”)” (14). And in another place: “The love of freedom of the Tuareg, already reflected in their self-name -“ imohag ”... reminds of the Garamants who defended their independence ...” (15).
In fact, imaziyean- the self-name of the Berbers (and its variants among the southern Berbers - Tuareg) - is not translated either as "people" or as "free". This term has existed for at least 2.5 millennia - it is quite reliably identified with Maksyes Herodotus and Mazikes, Mazices other ancient sources and indeed, as Yu. K. Poplinsky suggests, comparable with the ethnonym msws"Libyan" Egyptian texts XIX and XX dynasties ... denoting one of the Libyan tribes and nothing more. The most plausible etymology for amaziy, pl. h. imaziyan, was proposed by T. Sarnelli: he reconstructed it as the adjective "red" with the usual prefix m- from the common Berber verb *i-zway"to be red".
Naming a people by color (hair, skin, or traditional clothing) is not a unique phenomenon (16). The additional meaning of this ethnonym developed in the Tuareg dialects - “free” - indicates not the love of freedom of the Tuareg or their desire for independence from some external “oppressors”, but, on the contrary, their own status as free, masters in relation to those dependent on them. ethnic groups non-Caucasoid type and non-Berber origin…”
At least two very interesting conclusions follow from this. Firstly, the self-name of the Amazigh-Berbers may come from the word "red". Indeed, among them are my red-haired, white-skinned people with blue or light brown eyes. For example, Miss Algiers 2013, the wife of King Mohammed 6 of Jordan and the world famous and beloved French singer Edith Piaf. She is Berber on her mother's side. Also in the national clothes of the Berbers there is a lot of red. And secondly, the Amazigh tribes are of the Caucasoid type. This conclusion is confirmed by quite a few genetic studies that have identified the so-called "Berber marker"- haplogroup E1b1b, which is found not only in Africa (East, North and South), but also in Europe (Southeast and South) and Western Asia.
However, cautious scholars are afraid to directly attribute the Berbers to the white race directly. They call them white Arabs (Caucasoid Arabs), an intermediate step between Europeans and black Africans (Sub-Saharan Africans), a cross between white Europeans and a Mediterranean race, a cross between Europeans and Western Asians, or simply Eurasians. Also the genetic studies of Western scientists such as Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza), Italian geneticist or Carlton Stevens Kuhn (Carleton Stevens Coon), an American anthropologist, led to the conclusion that white people came to North Africa several times during the period from 30 to 8 thousand years ago. First from Eurasia, and then from the Middle East. Kuhn is sure that the Amazigh-Berbers have been living in North Africa for at least 15 thousand years.
The Libyan tribes were mentioned above. They are often referred to as the ancestors of the Amazigh-Berbers. In this regard, it will be interesting to consider one variant of the appearance of the word "Libyans", also an exoethnonym. The Egyptians called these people "the people of the slave" - "worshiping the sun" and portrayed them as people with white skin, tattoos, ostrich feathers on their heads and a scythe descending to the temple. “Raboo” was also pronounced as “rebu”, then “lebu”, then “libu” and, finally, “livy”. The fact that the Libyans were of the white race is evidenced by Egyptian images (in the first figure - the first Libyan) and mosaics of "Roman" villas in Morocco, Libya and Tunisia (Cyrene, Leptis Magne and Sabrata). It should be noted that one of the Berber Amazighs became a Roman emperor Septimius Severus.
Despite the fact that there are a considerable number of sources on the Web that mention Berbers and their history, there is no consensus on when it began. The range of opinions is quite large - according to various sources, the history of the Berbers has from 3 to 11 thousand years. And the possible origin of this people is not mentioned anywhere. On the lands of North Africa, the Berbers lived back to all the conquerors known to us - the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and even more so, the Arabs, who came to their lands in the 7-8 centuries AD. The latter began to push the indigenous white population deep into the desert and mountainous regions, forcibly Islamize and assimilate, forcing interethnic marriages. The Berber language was forbidden to be used in schools and official institutions, but despite this and the almost universal adoption of Islam, the Berbers managed to preserve it, as well as their mentality, culture and way of life. Perhaps this also happened because the Berbers still somehow managed to combine Islam with their original cults.
Unfortunately, Berber sources about their own history and culture has not been preserved, which, in general, is not surprising, given the number of conquerors who rolled in waves on this ancient people. As usual, each conqueror reshaped the culture and history of the conquered for himself. For this purpose, the previous cultural and historical heritage of the people, having the misfortune of being conquered, was destroyed as much as possible. Yes, and take at least the recent occupation of Libya by NATO troops, who not only attacked a sovereign country, but also plundered and destroyed almost all museums and museum treasures in Libya, barbarously bombed ancient cities Libya - Sabratu and Leptis Magnu. Unique mosaics with Slavic-Aryan symbols, which the sands of Libya have kept for hundreds of years, are most likely irretrievably destroyed. European savages, who behaved in exactly the same way in Yugoslavia and Iraq, even managed to steal the oldest rock paintings from Libya. They impregnated with special chemical composition canvas, printed it to the images that were glued to it. Talks about this barbarity Nikolai Sologubovsky, publicist, historian, cinematographer, photographer, in his reports “Libya. The Demise of Civilization" and "The Demise of the Tripolitan Venus".
But back to the ancient Libyans. You can find mention of them only in the stories of other peoples - the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Let's consider brief mentions of them, and along the way, let's go through the history of the ancient Amazigh Berbers known today. The earliest written mention of the Libyans can be found in the ancient Egyptian papyri of the end 4 millennium BC With their Berber neighbors, the latter had a rather close relationship. And they traded, and fought with them, and forced to pay tribute. Military conflicts with the Libyan Berbers adorn the walls of Egyptian temples and tombs of the pharaohs. So in the temple of Amun in Karnak, the pharaoh Seti I is shown defeating the Libyan warriors, and in Medinet Habu, the funerary temple of Ramses III in Luxor, they found faience reliefs depicting traditional enemies of Egypt. From left to right: Libyans, Nubians, Syrians, Semites (Shasu nomads) and Hittites.
During the Middle Kingdom period (circa 2200-1700 BC), the Egyptians managed to subdue the eastern Berbers and force them to pay tribute. Many Berbers served in the army of the pharaoh and reached high positions in the state hierarchy. One of the officers of Berber origin seized power in Egypt around 950 BC. and ruled under the name of Sheshonk I. The 22nd and the next 23rd, as well as the 26th dynasties founded by him, are called "Libyan".
The Egyptians also talked about battles with tribes militant women(the papyrus of the era of Ramesses II (1279-1213 BC) has been preserved). Few people know, but in addition to the well-known Black Sea Amazons, and long before them, there were Libyan Amazons - a tribe blond and blue-eyed female warriors. It is of undoubted interest that the very name "Amazon" is consonant with the self-name of the Berbers "Amazigh". The earliest mention of their warlike tribe is contained in the Iliad (presumably 8th century BC) - Homer's poem about the Trojan War (14th century BC). In it, the Trojan king Priam recalls that he saw the battle of the Amazons against the Phrygians. In this war, the Amazons sided with the Trojans against the Greeks. Homer says that these women fought "like men."
Diodorus Siculus (90-30 BC), an ancient Greek historian and mythographer, also spoke about them, who in turn retold the myths recorded by another ancient Greek mythologist, Dionysius Skitobrachion (who lived in Alexandria in the middle of the 2nd century BC). e.). He said that the oldest Amazonian kingdom was located in Libya, otherwise in North Africa(Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), but it disappeared long before the Trojan War. The capital of this kingdom was located near the northeastern part of Lake Shergi (Atlas Mountains of Algeria). South of the capital, near the southeastern shore of this lake, there were majestic tombs and palace and religious buildings of the Amazons in the rocks. The most famous Amazon of those times was Mirina. Under her leadership, the Amazons passed Egypt and Arabia, conquered Syria, passed Asia Minor, where they founded a number of cities and sanctuaries: Mirina, Smyrna, Martesia, Otrera, etc. Mirina died with most of the troops in Thrace (the modern region in the east of the Balkans, divided between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey). The remaining Amazons returned to Libya.
The very first of the ancient authors who wrote about the ancient Libyans is Herodotus, who in the 5th century. BC. described their tribes and customs in his work "History" (Book IV of Melpomene). In the 6th c. BC. the Libyans actively fought against Carthage, who tried to subdue them, but during the Second Punic War (218-216 BC) - the war of Rome against Carthage, they took the side of the Carthaginians. Hannibal's army had a Libyan cavalry corps. Carthage fell in 146 BC. and the lands of the Libyans became Roman provinces, and they had to pay tribute, or even fall into slavery. In Roman sources, references to the Libyans are gradually disappearing, and indigenous people North Africa began to be called the Moors, and later - the Berbers. In the 1st century BC. Julius Caesar mentions them in his Notes on the Civil War.
In the 6th century AD The Byzantines replaced Rome and later the Vandals in Africa, and in the 7th-8th centuries all of North Africa was conquered by the Arabs and became part of the Arab Caliphate. started Islamization of the Berbers who fought with these conquerors. In 698, a powerful Berber uprising gripped North Africa. History has preserved the name of the leader of the rebels - the prophetess Daiya ( Daya Ult Yenfaq Tajrawt(berb.), Dihya or Damya(arab.)) el-Kahina. By the way, the Russian-language Wikipedia calls her the queen of the Berber-Jewish principality. However, the English-language version refers to the opinion of scholars who deny various reports that circulated in the 19th century that this warrior belonged to a tribe of Judaized Berbers. Moreover, some researchers, such as Nizovsky A.Yu., argue that she was descended from the queens of the Libyan Amazons.
The uprising was brutally suppressed in 703. Daiya fought with a sword in her hands at the head of her warriors and died in battle. Her severed head was sent to Caliph Abd el-Malik. The population of the African kingdom was offered a choice - to accept Islam or die. Among the many who converted to the Muslim faith were also two adult sons of Daya - they say that before her death she ordered her followers, in case of defeat, to convert to Islam for the sake of it in order to save the people from extermination. About 50 thousand people refused to change their faith, and were killed.
In the 8th century, the Berber tribal militias, together with the Arabs, participated in the conquest of Spain and played a decisive role there. Muslim troops that invaded in 711 under the command of Tariq ibn Ziyad (Tariq ibn Ziyad) to Spain, at the instigation of the Spanish Jews (even the Russian-language Wikipedia admits this), they consisted mostly of Berbers - 7 thousand people, and there were only 300 Arabs in the detachment. Look at what the “Moors” were then and, above all , Tariq himself, by whose name, by the way, Gibraltar was named (from the distorted Arabic Jabal al-Tariq - “Tariq Mountain”). This is how he was portrayed by the Spanish chroniclers in the year of the invasion of his troops on the Iberian Peninsula. In the pictures below: a ceiling fresco depicting the emirs of Granada in famous palace emirs - Alhambre. Medieval miniatures showing Muslim horsemen (right) and Christian horsemen (left) preparing to jointly take the Moroccan city of Marrakesh, Christian allies of Emir Omar Al-Murtad pursuing Muslims from the army of his opponent Abu Yusuf. "Book of Games" 13th century: Christian and Muslim play chess, Muslims play chess. They are all white Caucasians!
By the way, about reshaping the historical memory of the conquered peoples. The last state of the "Moors" in Spain was the "Emirate of Granada". It ceased to exist in 1492, during the centuries-old Reconquista (reverse conquest) of Christians. Andalusia was then considered not only a developed center of handicraft arts - the manufacture of silk fabrics, jewelry and weapons, gold embroidery, etc., but also a major cultural and scientific center literature, music and medicine. But with the fall of the emirate, all the "Moorish" books by the will of the Grand Inquisitor of Spain, Toledo Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros ( Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros(1436-1517)) were burned, only a few scientific treatises, mainly on medicine, were spared.
In fairness, we note that not only Christians, but also Muslims barbarously destroyed knowledge that was objectionable to them. The richest library collected by the works of Caliph Rahman al-Hakam II (al-Hakam II) in Cordoba, which contained over 400 thousand volumes, mainly translations into Arabic of the works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Hippocrates and other scientists and philosophers, was almost completely destroyed by General Al-Mansur, by the way, a Berber by mother, in 979 after the death of al- Hakama. Everything that did not comply with the norms of orthodox Islam, called the figure of 280 thousand volumes, went to the stake. As you can see, obscurantist actions do not depend on the nationality to which a person belongs, but only on the worldview that he professes.
In 1050-1146 in North Africa, the rules Berber dynasty Almoravids. They controlled a huge territory - from Senegal and the upper reaches of the Niger to Morocco and Western Algeria. By 1090 they had subjugated Muslim Spain. Then they were overthrown by the Berber Almohad dynasty, which ruled in North Africa until the 70s of the 13th century, when it broke up into three states that coincided with modern Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In the 16th century, most of the Maghreb countries came under the rule of Ottoman Empire, albeit nominally. Berber tribes of nomads and living in the mountains refused to pay tribute to any external rulers and obeyed only their leaders.
Despite the fact that in modern times, some Berbers have achieved fame and power, for example, Muammar Gaddafi, originally from the Arabized Berber tribe - the Bedouins of Gaddaf, most of them today live in the mountains, in small towns and villages in houses made of red local stone or from clay. Most of them are deprived of basic amenities - electricity and running water. There is no transport connection with other cities. For water from the villages, women go with vessels several kilometers to special sources. Wash in a nearby river or body of water. Berbers are engaged in agriculture, gardening and animal husbandry.
So where did these tribes of white people come from to the continent, which, according to the "Slavic-Aryan Vedas", our ancestors intended for the black race from the galaxy of the Gloomy Waste to live, saved from the attacks of the cosmic Dark Forces about 40 thousand years ago?
Some researchers suggest that “starting from 8-7 thousand BC. there was a migration of Neolithic tribes from Western Asia to North Africa ... The reasons for the resettlement were the end of the first Neolithic climatic optimum and the onset of desertification of the Arabian Peninsula ... " But again, this doesn't tell us much. What are these "Neolithic tribes"? The white race lived on the Arabian Peninsula, but where did it come from? And what was the reason for the end of this very “Neolithic climatic optimum”? These researchers do not yet offer clear answers.
However, it is and is in the book Nikolay Levashov"Russia in Crooked Mirrors". Volume 2. Crucified Rus'. Chapters 1.4 and 1.5. He says that about 27,000 years ago, the Earth was subjected to a meteorite attack, as a result of which the climate in Siberia and the Far East - the places where the White Race clans lived - changed - a sharp cooling began, which led to the death of many species of animals and plants, which unable to adapt to climate change. Therefore, part of the Clans of the White Race were forced to withdraw from a well-settled place and leave their homeland in search of places more suitable for living. Here is how it is said in the "Slavic-Aryan Vedas", the Book of Wisdom of Perun, Circle One, Santia 5:
3. (67). The Holy Land of the Great Race will change its face.
The Great Chill will bring the wind yes "Aryan on
this land and Maren for a third of Summer will cover
her with his White Cloak. There will be no food for people and
animals during this time and the Great Migration will begin
protect Holy Rasseniya on the western borders ...
The tribes of the Union of Ants left Great Asia, whose patron was the White Hierarch Niy. They went west, reached Europe, gradually, settling on it, crossed it and reached the Atlantic Ocean. Then the Waitmars transferred them to the lands of the people of the Red Race, to the American continent, where they subsequently organized the huge Ant empire - Antlan or Atlantis.
As can be seen from the illustration, this Ant Empire, which 13 thousand years ago unleashed a war for world domination against the mother Empire of Great Asia, which ended in a terrible catastrophe for earthly civilization, included not only the capital island, but also part of North and South America, as well as part of southwestern Europe and the territory of North Africa. Moreover, on the territory of the last days there was an ancient, mysterious, highly developed state of the Garamants - Garamantida, who are believed to be the progenitors Amazigh Berbers and creators of the trans-Saharan trade. The capital of Garamantida was the city of Garam (or Hermas), which Pliny characterizes as "glorious". Archaeologists have found cobbled streets here, royal palace, a fortress and a water supply system, and about 50,000 graves were found in the vicinity of the city. All this is dated to the first century of our era. English scientists from the University of Leicester found castles in the Libyan desert, which are attributed to the Garamante civilization: “using satellites and aerial photographs to explore the southwestern abandoned desert regions of the Libyan state, discovered more than 100 fortified peasant farms surrounding several cities, in the center of which are castle-like structures”.
Garamantes built amazing in their complexity desert aqueducts - foggars- This many kilometers of underground galleries and pipes, which drained the moisture of the aquifers and directed it to the oases. The use of foggars made it possible to avoid very significant losses of water from evaporation in the desert. In order to assess the level of engineering calculations, it must be borne in mind that a uniform and very small height difference, literally one millimeter per meter, had to be observed along the entire length of the foggar. In the Al-Ajal valley, researchers counted about 200 foggars, and two of them continued to function well into the 1950s. The area irrigated by foggars was three to four times the area of land currently cultivated.
M. Zadornov In Search of the Aryans...
This is not a choir of Kuban Cossacks, but a performance of Berber women at a festival in Kaveliya (Kabylie is a place in North Africa at the junction of Libya, Algeria and Tunisia, the so-called "Berber triangle") The appearance of the “pure” Berbers, ornamentation, symbols, traditional clothing and the melody of the most ancient chants differ little from the South and Central Russian. Numerous bloggers have long written about this, but Zadornov, in Once again, gave sound to this topic. Therefore, in my search for the Aryans, I will not look for anything else about this people. Original taken from the MYSTERIOUS BERBERS (MOROCCO, PART II)
I did not manage to take enough photos, so I used, in addition to my own, also wonderful photos from the sites that are listed under the photos. I express my gratitude to the authors of the photographs, as well as to the authors of articles about the Berbers, whose thoughts- I was especially pleased - confirmed my speculation. But I want to note that I do not agree with all the ideas expressed on these sites. The main inhabitants of Morocco are not Arabs - Berbers! No one knows when they came to northern Africa and from where. But this happened many hundreds of years before the Arabs conquered these lands, and even before the arrival of the Phoenicians. Most Berbers today live in the mountains. There are many Berber villages. Houses made of folded red local stone or clay hut of the same color sometimes hide in the greenery of river valleys, sometimes climb the slopes of the mountains. 
To make it more interesting, turn on the musical accompaniment and read:
The Berber ancestors would have lived in the future in that a long time ago calm and happy, if not for the Phoenicians. They invaded and founded cities for the sake of the slave trade, allegedly bringing civilization. But in fact, they simply established the slave trade and created the largest middle sea slave markets. Most of the Berbers went to the mountains. Away from the "civilizers". 
Most people in the world today believe that all indigenous people in Africa are blacks. But Negroes have inhabited Africa south of the desert for centuries. They did not cross the desert, they believed that evil spirits - devils - live in it. And the devils of the blacks ... white and blue-eyed! By the way, so that you, dear readers, are not mistaken, I will tell you by secret what me by secret told even in Tanzania, local blacks. They, it turns out, in their hearts consider white people ... dirty! After all, on white skin, all the dirt is visible! Yes, and the skin itself is unpleasant: all in moles, in some strange spots, pock-marked and in wrinkles. Whether it's black skin! Smooth, clean, almost velvety - no flaws and even moles are visible on it. Not to mention warts. By the way, there are still many light-eyed among the Berbers. Didn't the ancient ancestors of today's Negroes consider people like them to be devils? 
easycooks.livejournal.com The original name of this mysterious people is not "Berbers". The Egyptians first called them "the people of the slave" - "worshiping the sun." "Slave" was also pronounced as "rebu." Among the Greeks, who liked to lighten all words, “reba” turned into “leba”, then into “liba” and, finally, into “livs” (“r” and “l” often alternate when moving from one language to another). And soon the Greeks called the whole of Africa Libya. They did not even suspect that in addition to the Livs, thousands of other tribes and peoples live beyond the Sahara. The Greeks also tried to crush the Livs under them. They partially succeeded. They even put three cities- policy, and called this community of policies Tripoli. By the way, Gaddafi, the permanent ruler of Libya for many years, was born in an Arabized Berber Bedouin tribe. True, Arab blood also flowed in him. Interestingly, in the Berber-Arabic language "Gaddafi" means something like "desecrated, offended"! I am sure that the Berbers settled the lands of North Africa from Europe. According to some researchers, many words in one of the Berber dialects coincide with Old Church Slavonic. I think the term "Old Slavonic" in this case is incorrect. It would be more correct to say - Proto-Slavic languages. There were many Proto-Slavic peoples in Europe, and they settled almost most mainland. And they were farmers too! There is a term "Indo-European languages". The language of the Berbers is classified by scientists as Semitic-Hamitic. Of course, languages neighboring nations mixed, and the Semitic influence on the Berbers is centuries old. But the basis of the language, if it is cleared of the "make-up" of numerous conquerors, I think, will not be Semitic! 
forum.dpni.org In Arabic written sources much has been written about the treachery of the Berbers, about their cruelty, about the fact that they cannot be trusted, that they are uneducated, wild ... The same words about the Berbers are in Phoenician sources. Why did the Phoenicians and Arabs write about the Berbers like that, without saying a word? And at different times? Because both those and others sought to conquer and enslave them. The people you want to subjugate must first be declared second-class, incapable of anything but being slaves. Exactly the same opinion today they are trying to impose on the whole world about all the Slavs - “ Not civilians» western « civilians". In fact, the Berbers simply did not fit with their concepts of honor and dignity into the "noble" hypocrisy of the conquering merchants. The Phoenicians managed to enslave the Berbers with the power of not only weapons, but also money, and the Arabs subjugated them ... with religion! The first royal dynasties of the Maghreb are Berber. Then the Berbers converted to Islam, gradually began to forget their glorious past and believed in their second-rateness. Is it possible to call a Berber woman a savage, a representative of the second-class people, a favorite of all mankind ... Edith Piaf? 
http://today.shadrinsk.info/star-birthday/881/album/ Greeks, Romans, Israelites, Phoenicians, Arabs - all described their deeds in detail, because they needed to justify themselves for the vile things that they committed to other peoples. And why did the Berbers describe the events of their lives? And what to write about? About how their leader was bitten by a termite ant? Or what huge size date ripened in the harvest year? It makes no sense - after all, the Guinness Book of Records did not exist at that time. Indeed, from the point of view of a “civilizing” slave owner, one can consider full-fledged farmers who get up at dawn, go to bed at nightfall, do not trade in slaves, do not arrange gladiator fights ... Those who have hardworking, obedient children; those who wash themselves with water from the river, and not from the fashionable aqueduct; finally, those who do not have an army, a unified government, brothels and ... gays? But the worst thing is the men are loved only with women? For the Romans, Greeks and Phoenicians, this is - horror terrible! Barbarian primitive, sucks! Over time, the former Berber farmers really became cruel and courageous warriors. But the conquerors made them so! It would never have occurred to the Berbers themselves to try to conquer Phenicia, Greece or Rome. 
modern-women.ru There is nothing surprising in such a possible migration of Berbers from Europe to North Africa. I saw the Strait of Gibraltar. From afar, there is a feeling that you don’t even need to swim across it - you can step over it. Surely someone in the lands of today's Spain or Portugal is tired of his wife, fed up with freak children who do not want to learn anything and go behind the plow, the leader is a moron, neighbors are scoundrels ... He threw everything and fled with his beloved woman to the opposite shore. And how many outcast criminals in history, who did not want to accept punishment for their crimes, always fled to the outskirts of their ancestral lands or beyond them? Finally, whole tribes left for wilder regions, to which war and enmity between tribes had not yet reached. 
tribal.su Naturally, for hundreds of years, immigrants from Europe to " New World» quickly turned black under the African sun. This is another very logical proof that in ancient times people from the north moved to the south, and not vice versa. After all, you go to the Black Sea for just a month and return with an almost Berber skin color. But I've never seen a southerner who turned white from life in our north. Well, where did white people come from otherwise? Came from Africa and turned into Swedes, Germans and Slavs? Did the cold winters make them so white? Or, like polar bears, did they have to change color in order to disguise themselves as ice hummocks? Berbers, like Proto-Slavs, were farmers, not traders. Lived their own labor, not taken away good. What is the most important thing for a farmer? Peaceful life and lots of sun for a good harvest! And therefore, the veneration of the gods of nature, and not the gods of war. Well, why not our village children who grew up in the beds, edges and highways? 
miroland.com Farmers and those whom we now call peasants have always dreamed of being able to work quietly in their beds and fields. No wonder one of the Berber tribes calls itself " free people". So, most likely, the northern lands of Africa were inhabited from today's Morocco to the Nile River several millennia BC. After all, the Berbers were already part of the population of powerful Egypt. In the history of Egypt, there were even several Berber pharaohs! Anyone who wants to get acquainted with the mummies of the Berber pharaohs can see them on the website of any museum of antiquities. Whoever finds the differences between the mummies of Berber and non-Berber pharaohs... wins a Nobel Prize! Berber blood also flowed in the brilliant commander Hannibal from Carthage. In his army, which made a splash throughout Europe, there was a whole Berber cavalry corps. They fiercely hated the "civilizing" Romans, for which the Romans considered them treacherous. Unlike African elephants and their drovers, the Berber cavalry suffered almost no casualties when crossing the Alps. As if the tribal memory of the icy ancestral home woke up. Cheered up and into battle with the hated Roman barbarians! Yes Yes… Romans considered Berbers barbarians, and Berbers considered barbarians Romans! But Romans won history because guessed it describe all your deeds for posterity from my point of view!
There should have been a photo of Hannibal in this place, but I couldn't find it. If one of the excellent students of the Unified State Examination helps to find it on Wikipedia, the book from me will be a gift. With my and Hannibal's autograph.
Since the Liv Berbers were originally peaceful farmers, and not militant merchants, they were always ruled by someone. After the Phoenicians, the Romans. For a while the Greeks, then the Arabs. The latter brought the Muslim religion with them and converted the Berbers to Islam, as the Slavs converted to Christianity in their time: forcibly V voluntary
order, that is, with fire and sword. Today in Morocco, professions are divided by nationality. Berbers, as a rule, work, Arabs sell what the Berbers have worked out. Yes, yes, it is the Berbers who produce almost all agricultural products, work cheaply in the production of any goods, including under the scorching Moroccan sun in the open poisonous dye-houses of leather factories, which then produce kilometers of jackets, grandmothers, ottomans ... 
Some scholars believe that the word "Berber" meant in ancient times the same thing as "barbarian". The words really match. I don't know if this is true or not. But today's work of many Berbers is far from barbaric - it is a slave! For example, knead paint in vats with your feet. The houses around the dyehouses are by no means ruins or homeless people - these are the very cool “brand” firms that make Armani jackets, Gucci ottomans and Brioni grandmothers for the Arab markets. 
The most reliable local “truck” is a donkey. Reliable, does not require gasoline and is submissive, like his Berber owner. And his eyes are just as joyless, as if he understands that he is loaded with the skin of his murdered "relatives". The donkey is a donkey, and the eyes are smart: “Is it possible that the same fate awaits me?” 
The rulers of Morocco do not want to excavate and study the history of the Berbers. Berbers should not know their past. They must work and obey the Arabs. So school bench they are told that before the arrival of the Arabs they had no past: they lived in caves, like primitive people, half beast! There was no writing, there was no money, they didn’t believe in God… So it’s pointless to conduct excavations to study the history of the Berbers, and besides, it’s dangerous. You start digging up an ancient Berber settlement, and you find oil. What then? Again, wait for the visit of the crusaders-NATO with their only correct faith in the "divine" democracy. Unfortunately, the Berbers themselves are not interested in their pre-Arab past. Yes, and it is dangerous to try to remember your past - the authorities will consider dissent. It is better to quietly and calmly enjoy a quiet village life in the cool mountains. 
When historians are silent, dreamers crawl out of all the cracks. Some argue that the Berbers are the descendants of the Atlanteans: it is not for nothing that the mountains in which they live are called Atlas. Others generally consider them aliens from other planets, sort of downshifters of the universe. And I would like to know the truth. After all, apart from the Maasai, the Berbers are the most mysterious people of all living on earth. But most of all I was impressed by the fact that they are descendants of the Amazons. Considering that the official registration at the place of residence of the Amazons, their nest, was located on the Tanais River, that is, on our Don, we again turn out to be the closest relatives. This fantasy did not come out of nowhere. The fact is that even Herodotus in the 5th century BC described the conquest by the Amazons of the north of Libya. By the way, the latter can be trusted. Seems like really Amazons inherited in North Africa and gave the Berbers a contagious example of how women can fight on an equal footing with men. For example, in the battles against the Arabs, the Berbers also fought very worthily on the side of the Berbers. AND queens were the Berbers! One of them terrified the Arabs so much that they, having decided to destroy its resistance, gathered an army a hundred times larger than the Berbers. What did the queen named Kahina? She ordered to destroy all the cities, to retreat, and to burn all the settlements so that the Arabs would not get anything. Well, definitely our Kutuzov! By the way, pay attention to her name - Kahina. Do you know what that means in ancient Berber? Darling! How can one not remember our Ukrainian - “ kohana"? Queen Kahina 
What then were the conquerors supposed to write about the Berbers? From their point of view, of course, this is treachery - to burn everything, to leave nothing to them - the colonialists! So the French thought of the Russians in 1812. Maybe our well, very distant ancestors, and indeed, some fourth or fifth cousins right-Berbers? Otherwise, from what chromosomal bins do such Berbers come from today? 
city-data.com The Berber peasants, like the Slavic ones, are very hospitable. And the table, when guests come, is obliged to “break” with food. Like the Slavs, they love all kinds of pastries, sweets ... Only instead of caviar, spread on hard boiled eggs, - fruits and lots of fresh vegetables. They, like Europeans, are not limited to sandwiches the size of a newborn goat's hoof, for which the fork is large and which can only be planted on a toothpick. And the products are fresher than in vaunted Europe. Their apples cannot be admired like European ones - they are not for sale, but to be eaten. Ugly but juicy. It is difficult for Berbers to explain what the expression "fresh-frozen fish" means. For them, it is as incredible as the sunset dawn. Many do not have refrigerators. The owner who received us famously said: “Products that spoil should be thrown away! And those that do not deteriorate, do not ... buy! How much in common in the life of the ancient Berbers with the Proto-Slavs! They are related by the same tools, love for their native land, for their beds, for plots of six acres and ... worship of a woman! Today's North Africans, like most of us, have lost the knowledge of their deep history, kind. Only a few have survived native music. And on holidays in the local village squares they sing short playful songs, very similar to our ditties. They also improvise, composing them on the go, while having fun and laughing. And at night they sing to children ... Berber lullabies! 
And just like our peasants, Old Believers and Old Believers, they retained a respectful attitude towards a woman-wife, a woman-mother, and even a woman ... mother-in-law! More than other tribes, these traditions are alive with such a Berber tribe as the Tuareg. The ancestors of the Tuareg left all sorts of conquerors in the hottest "back streets" of the Sahara and hid there in cool dugout houses. These Tuareg Berbers were also called troglodytes. The word "troglodytes" meant " underground inhabitants". Among the Berbers-troglodytes-Tuaregs, the main in the family is still a woman. Until recently, the groom after the wedding moved ... to the bride's house. Moreover, young men after 18 years of age were required to put on their faces ... no, no, not a veil, but a veil! Why, I don't know. Maybe so that the stranger does not jinx the whole family? Or maybe, on the contrary, so that he would not be jinxed by those who did not recognize strangers? en.wikipedia.org 
proafriku.ru If a man died in battle, then the widow with children returned to her family, and did not stay with her father-in-law and mother-in-law. It's pretty smart in my opinion. Women were in the old days the keepers of writing and the secrets of carpet patterns.
It is especially impressive that the mother of the leader could impose veto on any of his decisions, if she does not like it. (Similarly, today any decision of the President of Latvia can be subject to veto American ambassador).
I repeat once again: the Berbers never called themselves Berbers. The self-name of one of their tribes - matmata. It is not difficult to guess that the word mother"among the Proto-Slavs and among many other peoples meant the progenitor. Mom! The most terrible shame for the family was considered an insult to a woman, mother, ancestor.
Remember how Zidane, right on the football field during the match, responded to an insult to his mother? Headbutted the offender in the stomach! Then the whole world wondered where such manners come from? Do you know who Zidane is by nationality? Berber! Berbers do not forgive anyone for insulting their kind. Especially insulting the mother. Mother, as for the Slavs in antiquity, and for the Berbers, is a holy woman. By the way, the Berbers deny polygamy.
Why did he hit his head in the stomach? Apparently, some Berber traditions are still alive: for insulting a mother - a blow to the stomach with a running start!
Here it is - the favorite of all mankind! He played for his team and for the national team with dignity and left the sport with his head held high, with which he punished the offender of his kind! And, without hesitating, in front of millions of viewers!
The Berbers, like the Proto-Slavs, are mystics. Interestingly, the Tuareg often in their fine arts there is a motif of the cross. This gave rise to some fictional historians to suggest that the Tuareg are the descendants of those who settled in North Africa after the defeat of the crusaders.
The story of today's Berbers as descendants of the Crusaders, fantasized by semi-scholars, did not surprise me, because even in Kenya they told me that the Masai were the illegitimate descendants of Alexander the Great and his friends.
Wow, even scientists began to fail in our fashionable and mystical time. Don't pundits know that the cross ancient symbol tribes and peoples who worshiped the sun? The sun heats the earthly world on all four sides (!) - this is what the cross meant many thousands of years before Christianity. However, now ask a Tuareg troglodyte or a dancer dressed in national costumes to explain what the cross means in an ornament of clothes or on a carpet? Finally, the symbol of what is a sign similar to the Slavic Kolovrat? They will just shrug their shoulders and, at best, answer: "Well, for beauty."
And we, the Slavs, also cannot decipher our ancient patterns. But old Russian ornaments are akin to writing. According to the stitching on wedding dress the bride could understand what kind she was and even read history of this kind.
The new Arab government, after the adoption of Islam by the Berbers, forbade them to wear sacred tribal signs on their bodies. First of all, the cross. In addition to the cross, the Tuareg also revered " zero". Like our ancestors, it meant the Universe, life, the integrity of being.
Women painted their faces with these two amulets as if someone was playing tic-tac-toe on their faces.
The Berbers, of course, obeyed the new demand of the colonial "civilizers", stopped painting their faces and wearing tribal jewelry. But in order to preserve them, they transferred them to ornaments in clothes and carpet patterns and sometimes allow themselves to remember the past for the sake of tourists and maintain the “brand” of the mysterious people.
The Berbers not only did not recognize gold as a precious metal. They hated him! Their most sacred amulets were made of wood or silver. It was silver that the ancestors of the Berbers considered a noble metal. I believe they were right! All wars "civilizers"-barbarians started because of gold. Since the traders began to rule the world, gold has become a karmically dangerous metal. Bloody! Subtly feeling the energies of nature, the Berbers and Proto-Slavs, for this very reason, did not wear gold on their bodies - as if intuited that a gold necklace around your neck or a brooch will worsen the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Unfortunately, today few people feel natural energies. Fashion and fuss destroyed the chuyka. Although since those ancient times, gold has become an even more bloody metal. I formulated the following sign for myself: the more gold jewelry a woman wears today, the more aggressively she asserts herself in life. And the cheaper it will get to anyone.
On this Berber woman, dressed in a bride's outfit, there is not even one gold beads. But the face don't fuss! Why not a peasant woman from our distant Slavic past?
Unfortunately, some of the troglodytes in our time have surrendered to the world of consumption. They did not give up to the conquerors, but they could not resist the dream of enriching themselves. Started to trade, learned breed tourists. They built modern houses in the cities. True, in the Sahara they kept their dugout dwellings like dachas, as well as for the reception of tourists traveling for the sake of extreme light, for whom the very word "Berber" is already a brand. Isn't it cool to brag when you get home, "I spent the night with troglodytes in the Sahara?"
While in Tunisia, anyone can travel to the south of the country and stay in a Berber five-star dugout or in three-star cave. True, water will flow from the tap, as from a dropper in an intensive care unit, and the Berber service will correspond to the word "troglodytes".
There are in such "dungeons" and expensive restaurants with super-food! In them you can get some extravagant zebra hoof carpaccio, giraffe ear tartare, grilled cobra cheeks, and a salad of the famous Atlas turtledoves, served as a compliment from an Arabian chef in a shell the size of our northern squirrel's ear. But the compliment is free!
And for a special fee, the local sorceress will tell you everything about your past life and, God forbid, predict the future with such an expression on her face.
Savor"civilizers", finally, has reached the Saharan troglodytes. In my opinion, they have not only glamorous restaurants in dugouts and cool hotels in caves, but also their own troglodyte models.
It is amazing how a huge people, despite all their historical troubles, not only preserved themselves, but also bred so that standing anywhere in the Atlas Mountains, you can immediately see up to a dozen Berber villages. And how many Berbers live today in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria!
In short, they do not understand real art at all.
Maybe that's why Berber children grow up in families as obedient helpers, because their TV screen is a window to the world of mountains, sky and light! Berber TV is a continuous 5D live show with 3D image, with the smell of mountain flowers, birds singing and the sound of mountain rivers.
It may seem incredible to us civilians but the children uncivils Berbers obey their parents! They are not rude to them, do not interrupt them, and the candy gifts presented by us are divided fairly, without noise, uproar and fights. How would we say "according to concepts"!
I am not sure of my observation, but, in my opinion, few of today's Arabs see these bright sides of Berber life. On the contrary, many people like to tell jokes about the stinginess of the Berbers, their stupidity, lack of education.
Upon learning that I was a humorist, my guide, who accompanied me to the Berber village, began to pour jokes at the speed of a Russian KVN officer.
For example, before entering the village, he warned that if a foreigner wants to sleep with a Berber woman, he should know that half of the local population is sick with AIDS, and half with tuberculosis, so it is advisable to seek intimacy only with those women who cough!
I, of course, chuckled for decency. But in his heart, as a professional humorist, he considered the anecdote unfair to the Berbers.
Again I can't help but compare with the Slavs. The Proto-Slavs also suffered for centuries from the same " civilizers". And the Slavs were driven into slavery and sold to Greece, to Rome, to the Phoenicians ... " Civilians» smacked « Not civilians". And what is the result? Look at the modern map! The Slavs settled throughout the mainland, and those states that smacked remained only in memories. Why? Because the Slavs remained faithful their land. Both the Berbers and the Slavs call the land... Mother! Russian heroes, when they wanted to gain strength, lay down on the ground. And they became invincible.
You can defeat the hero in his native land only by deceit!
Hercules overcame the mythical ruler of Libya, Antaeus, precisely by cunning. First, he tore the hero from his land. Deprived of strength! And only then he managed to overcome. This is a parable, not a documentary description of events.
(Unfortunately, neither Hercules nor Antey's photographs have been preserved).
All "civilizing"-colonizers-democratizers are always for valor revered cunning. In order to enslave some people, they first had to tear them away from their native land. Root out! So the Slavs today are trying in every possible way to deprive last strength, transported to metropolitan cities, destroying the national basis - the peasantry! Turn into chipped, low-frequency music-fueled slaves bustling around in pursuit of virtual happiness!
Oh, how it is necessary for the Western "Hercules" to tear the Slavs away from Mother Earth! However, everything is not so simple!
No matter how much smacked plowmen Berbers and Slavs, they still resurrected. Berbers and Slavs are phoenix birds, which each time are reborn almost from the ashes!
Because both of them have a saving motto: “What we haven’t eaten, we’ll finish it!”
Original taken from angemaroc V
All about the same, yeah))).
Original taken from zelenyislon in MYSTERIOUS BERBERS (MOROCCO, PART II)
My upcoming performances:
I did not manage to take enough photos, so I used, in addition to my own, also wonderful photos from the sites that are listed under the photos. I express my gratitude to the authors of the photographs, as well as to the authors of articles about the Berbers, whose thoughts- I was especially pleased - confirmed my speculation. But I want to note that I do not agree with all the ideas expressed on these sites.
The main inhabitants of Morocco are not Arabs - Berbers! No one knows when they came to northern Africa and from where. But this happened many hundreds of years before the Arabs conquered these lands, and even before the arrival of the Phoenicians.
Most Berbers today live in the mountains. There are many Berber villages. Houses made of folded red local stone or clay hut of the same color sometimes hide in the greenery of river valleys, sometimes climb the slopes of the mountains.
To make it more interesting, turn on the musical accompaniment and read:
The Berber ancestors would have lived in the future in that a long time ago calm and happy, if not for the Phoenicians. They invaded and founded cities for the sake of the slave trade, allegedly bringing civilization. But in fact, they simply established the slave trade and created the largest middle sea slave markets.
Most people in the world today believe that all indigenous people in Africa are blacks. But Negroes have inhabited Africa south of the desert for centuries. They did not cross the desert, they believed that evil spirits - devils - live in it. And the devils of the blacks ... white and blue-eyed!
By the way, so that you, dear readers, are not mistaken, I will tell you by secret what me by secret told even in Tanzania, local blacks. They, it turns out, in their hearts consider white people ... dirty! After all, on white skin, all the dirt is visible! Yes, and the skin itself is unpleasant: all in moles, in some strange spots, pock-marked and in wrinkles. Whether it's black skin! Smooth, clean, almost velvety - no flaws and even moles are visible on it. Not to mention warts.
By the way, there are still many light-eyed among the Berbers. Didn't the ancient ancestors of today's Negroes consider people like them to be devils?
easycooks.livejournal.com
The original name of this mysterious people is not "Berbers". The Egyptians first called them "the people of the slave" - "worshiping the sun." "Slave" was also pronounced as "rebu." Among the Greeks, who liked to lighten all words, “reba” turned into “leba”, then into “liba” and, finally, into “livs” (“r” and “l” often alternate when moving from one language to another). And soon the Greeks called the whole of Africa Libya. They did not even suspect that in addition to the Livs, thousands of other tribes and peoples live beyond the Sahara.
The Greeks also tried to crush the Livs under them. They partially succeeded. They even put three cities- policy, and called this community of policies Tripoli.
By the way, Gaddafi, the permanent ruler of Libya for many years, was born in an Arabized Berber Bedouin tribe. True, Arab blood also flowed in him. Interestingly, in the Berber-Arabic language "Gaddafi" means something like "desecrated, offended"!
http://www.partbilet.ru/publications/jizn_polkovnika_kaddafi_v_fotografiyah_7319.html
I am sure that the Berbers settled the lands of North Africa from Europe. According to some researchers, many words in one of the Berber dialects coincide with Old Church Slavonic. I think the term "Old Slavonic" in this case is incorrect. It would be more correct to say - Proto-Slavic languages. There were many Proto-Slavic peoples in Europe, and they inhabited almost most of the mainland. And they were farmers too!
There is a term "Indo-European languages". The language of the Berbers is classified by scientists as Semitic-Hamitic. Of course, the languages of neighboring peoples are mixed, and the Semitic influence on the Berbers is centuries-old. But the basis of the language, if it is cleared of the "make-up" of numerous conquerors, I think, will not be Semitic!
forum.dpni.org
In the Arabic written sources, much is written about the treachery of the Berbers, about their cruelty, that they cannot be trusted, that they are uneducated, wild ...
The same words about the Berbers are in the Phoenician sources.
Why did the Phoenicians and Arabs write about the Berbers like that, without saying a word? And at different times? Because both those and others sought to conquer and enslave them. The people you want to subjugate must first be declared second-class, incapable of anything but being slaves.
Exactly the same opinion today they are trying to impose on the whole world about all the Slavs - “ Not civilians» western « civilians».
In fact, the Berbers simply did not fit with their concepts of honor and dignity into the "noble" hypocrisy of the conquering merchants.
The Phoenicians managed to enslave the Berbers with the power of not only weapons, but also money, and the Arabs subjugated them ... with religion!
The first royal dynasties of the Maghreb are Berber. Then the Berbers converted to Islam, gradually began to forget their glorious past and believed in their second-rateness.
Is it possible to call a Berber woman a savage, a representative of the second-class people, a favorite of all mankind ... Edith Piaf?
http://today.shadrinsk.info/star-birthday/881/album/
The Greeks, Romans, Israelites, Phoenicians, Arabs - all described their deeds in detail, since they needed to justify themselves for the vile things that they committed to other peoples. And why did the Berbers describe the events of their lives? And what to write about? About how their leader was bitten by a termite ant? Or what huge size date ripened in the harvest year? It makes no sense - after all, the Guinness Book of Records did not exist at that time.
Indeed, from the point of view of a “civilizing” slave owner, one can consider full-fledged farmers who get up at dawn, go to bed at nightfall, do not trade in slaves, do not arrange gladiator fights ... Those who have hardworking, obedient children; those who wash themselves with water from the river, and not from the fashionable aqueduct; finally, those who do not have an army, a unified government, brothels and ... gays? But the worst thing is the men are loved only with women? For the Romans, Greeks and Phoenicians, this is - horror terrible! Barbarian primitive, sucks!
Over time, the former Berber farmers really became cruel and courageous warriors. But the conquerors made them so! It would never have occurred to the Berbers themselves to try to conquer Phenicia, Greece or Rome.
modern-women.ru
There is nothing surprising in such a possible migration of Berbers from Europe to North Africa.
I saw the Strait of Gibraltar. From a distance, the feeling that you don’t even need to swim across it - you can step over it. Surely someone in the lands of today's Spain or Portugal is tired of his wife, fed up with freak children who do not want to learn anything and go behind the plow, the leader is a moron, neighbors are scoundrels ... He threw everything and fled with his beloved woman to the opposite shore. And how many outcast criminals in history, who did not want to accept punishment for their crimes, always fled to the outskirts of their ancestral lands or beyond them? Finally, whole tribes left for wilder regions, to which war and enmity between tribes had not yet reached.
tribal.su
Naturally, over hundreds of years, immigrants from Europe to the "New World" quickly turned black under the African sun. This is another very logical proof that in ancient times people from the north moved to the south, and not vice versa. After all, you go to the Black Sea for just a month and return with an almost Berber skin color. But I've never seen a southerner who turned white from life in our north.
Well, where did white people come from otherwise? Came from Africa and turned into Swedes, Germans and Slavs? Did the cold winters make them so white? Or, like polar bears, did they have to change color in order to disguise themselves as ice hummocks?
Berbers, like Proto-Slavs, were farmers, not traders. Lived their own labor, not taken away good. What is the most important thing for a farmer? Peaceful life and lots of sun for a good harvest! And therefore, the veneration of the gods of nature, and not the gods of war.
Well, why not our village children who grew up in the beds, edges and highways?
miroland.com
Farmers and those whom we now call peasants have always dreamed of being able to work quietly in their beds and fields. No wonder one of the Berber tribes calls itself " free people».
So, most likely, the northern lands of Africa were inhabited from today's Morocco to the Nile River several millennia BC. After all, the Berbers were already part of the population of powerful Egypt. In the history of Egypt, there were even several Berber pharaohs!
Anyone who wants to get acquainted with the mummies of the Berber pharaohs can see them on the website of any museum of antiquities. Whoever finds the differences between the mummies of Berber and non-Berber pharaohs... wins a Nobel Prize!
Berber blood also flowed in the brilliant commander Hannibal from Carthage. In his army, which made a splash throughout Europe, there was a whole Berber cavalry corps. They fiercely hated the "civilizing" Romans, for which the Romans considered them treacherous.
Unlike African elephants and their drovers, the Berber cavalry suffered almost no casualties when crossing the Alps. As if the tribal memory of the icy ancestral home woke up. Cheered up and into battle with the hated Roman barbarians! Yes Yes… Romans considered Berbers barbarians, and Berbers considered barbarians Romans! But Romans won history because guessed it describe all your deeds for posterity from my point of view!
There should have been a photo of Hannibal in this place, but I couldn't find it. If one of the excellent students of the Unified State Exam helps to find it on Wikipedia, the book from me will be a gift. With my and Hannibal's autograph.
Since the Liv Berbers were originally peaceful farmers, and not militant merchants, they were always ruled by someone. After the Phoenicians, the Romans. For a while the Greeks, then the Arabs. The latter brought the Muslim religion with them and converted the Berbers to Islam, as the Slavs converted to Christianity in their time: forced into voluntary okay, that is, with fire and sword.
Today in Morocco, professions are divided by nationality. Berbers, as a rule, work, Arabs sell what the Berbers have worked out. Yes, yes, it is the Berbers who produce almost all agricultural products, work cheaply in the production of any goods, including under the scorching Moroccan sun in the open poisonous dye-houses of leather factories, which then produce kilometers of jackets, grandmothers, ottomans ...
Some scholars believe that the word "Berber" meant in ancient times the same thing as "barbarian". The words really match.
I don't know if this is true or not.
But today's work of many Berbers is far from barbaric - it is slave! For example, knead paint in vats with your feet.
The houses around the dye-houses are by no means ruins or homeless people - these are the very cool “brand” firms that make Armani jackets, Gucci ottomans and Brioni grandmothers for the Arab markets.
The most reliable local "truck" is a donkey. Reliable, does not require gasoline and is submissive, like his Berber owner. And his eyes are just as joyless, as if he understands that he is loaded with the skin of his murdered "relatives". The donkey is a donkey, and the eyes are smart: “Is it possible that the same fate awaits me?”
The rulers of Morocco do not want to excavate and study the history of the Berbers. Berbers should not know their past. They must work and obey the Arabs. From school, they are taught that before the arrival of the Arabs, they had no past: they lived in caves, like primitive people, half-animals! There was no writing, there was no money, they didn’t believe in God… So it’s pointless to conduct excavations to study the history of the Berbers, and besides, it’s dangerous. You start digging up an ancient Berber settlement, and you find oil. What then? Again, wait for the visit of the crusaders-NATO with their only correct faith in the "divine" democracy.
Unfortunately, the Berbers themselves are not interested in their pre-Arab past. Yes, and it is dangerous to try to remember your past - the authorities will consider dissent.
It is better to quietly and calmly enjoy a quiet village life in the cool mountains.
When historians are silent, dreamers crawl out of all the cracks. Some argue that the Berbers are the descendants of the Atlanteans: it is not for nothing that the mountains in which they live are called Atlas. Others generally consider them aliens from other planets, sort of downshifters of the universe.
And I would like to know the truth. After all, apart from the Maasai, the Berbers are the most mysterious people of all living on Earth.
But most of all I was impressed by the fact that they are descendants of the Amazons. Considering that the official registration at the place of residence of the Amazons, their nest, was located on the Tanais River, that is, on our Don, we again turn out to be the closest relatives. This fantasy did not come out of nowhere. The fact is that even Herodotus in the 5th century BC described the conquest by the Amazons of the north of Libya.
By the way, the latter can be trusted. Seems like really Amazons inherited in North Africa and gave the Berbers a contagious example of how women can fight on an equal footing with men. For example, in the battles against the Arabs, the Berbers also fought very worthily on the side of the Berbers. AND queens were the Berbers! One of them terrified the Arabs so much that they, having decided to destroy its resistance, gathered an army a hundred times larger than the Berbers. What did the queen named Kahina? She ordered to destroy all the cities, to retreat, and to burn all the settlements so that the Arabs would not get anything. Well, definitely our Kutuzov! By the way, pay attention to her name - Kahina. Do you know what that means in ancient Berber? Darling! How can one not remember our Ukrainian - “ kohana»?
What then were the conquerors supposed to write about the Berbers? From their point of view, of course, this is treachery - to burn everything, to leave nothing to them - the colonialists! So the French thought of the Russians in 1812.
Maybe our well, very distant ancestors, and indeed, some fourth or fifth cousins right-Berbers? Otherwise, from what chromosomal bins do such Berbers come from today?
city-data.com
The Berber peasants, like the Slavic ones, are very hospitable. And the table, when guests come, is obliged to “break” with food. Like the Slavs, they love all kinds of pastries, sweets ... Only instead of caviar spread on hard-boiled eggs, there are fruits and a lot of fresh vegetables. They, like Europeans, are not limited to sandwiches the size of a newborn goat's hoof, for which the fork is large and which can only be planted on a toothpick.
And the products are fresher than in vaunted Europe. Their apples cannot be admired like European ones - they are not for sale, but to be eaten. Ugly but juicy. It is difficult for Berbers to explain what the expression "fresh-frozen fish" means. For them, it is as incredible as the sunset dawn.
Many do not have refrigerators. The owner who received us famously said: “Products that spoil should be thrown away! And those that do not deteriorate, do not ... buy!
How much in common in the life of the ancient Berbers with the Proto-Slavs!
They are related by the same tools, love for their native land, for their beds, for plots of six acres and ... worship of a woman!
Today's natives of North Africa, like most of us, have lost the knowledge of their deep history, a kind of. Only in some places native music has been preserved. And on holidays in the local village squares they sing short playful songs, very similar to our ditties. They also improvise, composing them on the go, while having fun and laughing. And at night they sing to children ... Berber lullabies!
And just like our peasants, Old Believers and Old Believers, they retained a respectful attitude towards a woman-wife, a woman-mother, and even a woman ... mother-in-law! More than other tribes, these traditions are alive with such a Berber tribe as the Tuareg. The ancestors of the Tuareg left all sorts of conquerors in the hottest "back streets" of the Sahara and hid there in cool dugout houses. These Tuareg Berbers were also called troglodytes. The word "troglodytes" meant " underground inhabitants". Among the Berbers-troglodytes-Tuaregs, the main in the family is still a woman. Until recently, the groom after the wedding moved ... to the bride's house. Moreover, young men after 18 years of age were required to put on their faces ... no, no, not a veil, but a veil! Why, I don't know. Maybe so that the stranger does not jinx the whole family? Or maybe, on the contrary, so that he would not be jinxed by those who did not recognize strangers?
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en.wikipedia.org
proafriku.ru
If a man died in battle, then the widow with children returned to her family, and did not stay with her father-in-law and mother-in-law. It's pretty smart in my opinion.
Women were in the old days the keepers of writing and the secrets of carpet patterns. It is especially impressive that the mother of the leader could impose veto on any of his decisions, if she does not like it. (Similarly, today any decision of the President of Latvia can be subject to veto American ambassador)
I repeat once again: the Berbers never called themselves Berbers. The self-name of one of their tribes - matmata. It is not difficult to guess that the word mother"among the Proto-Slavs and among many other peoples meant the progenitor. Mom! The most terrible shame for the family was considered an insult to a woman, mother, ancestor.
Remember how Zidane, right on the football field during the match, responded to an insult to his mother? Headbutted the offender in the stomach! Then the whole world wondered where such manners come from? Do you know who Zidane is by nationality? Berber! Berbers do not forgive anyone for insulting their kind. Especially insulting the mother. Mother, as for the Slavs in antiquity, and for the Berbers - a holy woman. By the way, the Berbers deny polygamy.
Why did he hit his head in the stomach? Apparently, some Berber traditions are still alive: for insulting the mother - a blow to the stomach with a running start!
Here it is - the favorite of all mankind! He played for his team and for the national team with dignity and left the sport with his head held high, with which he punished the offender of his kind! And, without hesitating, in front of millions of viewers!
dic.academic.ru
The Berbers, like the Proto-Slavs, are mystics. It is interesting that among the Tuareg people, the motif of the cross is often found in their fine arts. This gave rise to some fictional historians to suggest that the Tuareg are the descendants of those who settled in North Africa after the defeat of the crusaders.
The story of today's Berbers as descendants of the Crusaders, fantasized by semi-scientists, did not surprise me, because back in Kenya they told me that the Maasai were the illegitimate descendants of Alexander the Great and his friends.
Wow, even scientists began to fail in our fashionable and mystical time. Do not scientific men know that the cross is the oldest symbol of the tribes and peoples who worshiped the sun? The sun heats the earthly world on all four sides (!) - this is what the cross meant many thousands of years before Christianity. However, now ask a Tuareg troglodyte or a dancer dressed in national costumes to explain what the cross means in an ornament of clothes or on a carpet? Finally, the symbol of what is a sign similar to the Slavic Kolovrat? They will just shrug their shoulders and, at best, answer: "Well, for beauty."
And we, the Slavs, also cannot decipher our ancient patterns. But old Russian ornaments are akin to writing. By embroidering on the bride's wedding dress, one could understand what kind she was and even read history of this kind.
The new Arab government, after the adoption of Islam by the Berbers, forbade them to wear sacred tribal signs on their bodies. First of all, the cross. In addition to the cross, the Tuareg also revered " zero". Like our ancestors, it meant the Universe, life, the integrity of being.
Women painted their faces with these two amulets as if someone was playing tic-tac-toe on their faces.
sova-samsonova.livejournal.com
The Berbers, of course, obeyed the new demand of the colonial "civilizers", stopped painting their faces and wearing tribal jewelry. But in order to preserve them, they transferred them to ornaments in clothes and carpet patterns and sometimes allow themselves to remember the past for the sake of tourists and maintain the “brand” of the mysterious people.
http://www.diary.ru/~etoday/?tag=2675325
Another interesting detail!
The Berbers not only did not recognize gold as a precious metal. They hated him! Their most sacred amulets were made of wood or silver. It was silver that the ancestors of the Berbers considered a noble metal. I believe they were right! All wars "civilizers"-barbarians started because of gold. Since the traders began to rule the world, gold has become a karmically dangerous metal. Bloody! Subtly feeling the energies of nature, the Berbers and Proto-Slavs, for this very reason, did not wear gold on their bodies - as if intuited that a gold necklace around your neck or a brooch will worsen the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Unfortunately, today few people feel natural energies. Fashion and fuss destroyed the chuyka. Although since those ancient times, gold has become an even more bloody metal. I formulated the following sign for myself: the more gold jewelry a woman wears today, the more aggressively she asserts herself in life. And the cheaper it will get to anyone.
On this Berber woman, dressed in a bride's outfit, there is not even one gold beads. But the face don't fuss! Why not a peasant woman from our distant Slavic past?
Unfortunately, some of the troglodytes in our time have surrendered to the world of consumption. They did not give up to the conquerors, but they could not resist the dream of enriching themselves. Started to trade, learned breed tourists. They built modern houses in the cities. True, in the Sahara they kept their dugout dwellings like dachas, as well as for the reception of tourists traveling for the sake of extreme light, for whom the very word "Berber" is already a brand. Isn't it cool to brag when you get home, "I spent the night with troglodytes in the Sahara?"
While in Tunisia, anyone can travel to the south of the country and stay in a Berber five-star dugout or in three-star cave. True, water will flow from the tap, as from a dropper in an intensive care unit, and the Berber service will correspond to the word "troglodytes".
There are in such "dungeons" and expensive restaurants with super-food! In them you can get some extravagant zebra hoof carpaccio, giraffe ear tartare, grilled cobra cheeks, and a salad of the famous Atlas turtledoves, served as a compliment from an Arabian chef in a shell the size of our northern squirrel's ear. But the compliment is free!
And the Berber show will show you ...
http://www.tribal.su/viewtopic.php?t=5708
And for a special fee, the local sorceress will tell you everything about your past life and, God forbid, predict the future with such an expression on her face.
http://www.tribal.su/viewtopic.php?t=5708
The secular life of the "civilizers" finally reached the Saharan troglodytes. In my opinion, they have not only glamorous restaurants in dugouts and cool hotels in caves, but also their own troglodyte models.
sibtribal.1bb.ru
It is amazing how a huge people, despite all their historical troubles, not only preserved themselves, but also bred so that standing anywhere in the Atlas Mountains, you can immediately see up to a dozen Berber villages. And how many Berbers live today in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria!
In the houses of rural Berbers, and even then not all of them, television has only recently appeared.
Happy people!
They do not know anything about the European collider and that in the event of an unsuccessful experiment, our Mother Earth will fly into a black hole.
They are not afraid that Rockefeller and Rothschild united in their friendship against humanity ...
They don’t dream of an asteroid that just the other day will collide with our planet and turn it into dust even before it is sucked into a black hole ...
The Berbers don't get flu epidemics because no one told them about the flu on television.
They wake up not from text messages gurgling in their mobile phones, but at dawn…
They don’t even know that their Berber woman, who lives in Sweden, won first place at Eurovision…
Moreover, they had not heard anything about the "Buranovskiye Babushki"! And also about the fact that Kirkorov quarreled with Timati, and in American show"House-2" Lucretia again has a disagreement with Ralph, who, out of a sense of political correctness, is not told that he is black.
In short, they do not understand real art at all.
Maybe that's why Berber children grow up in families as obedient helpers, because their TV screen is a window to the world of mountains, sky and light! Berber TV is a continuous 5D live show with a 3D image, with the smell of mountain flowers, birdsong and the sound of mountain streams.
It may seem incredible to us civilians but the children uncivils Berbers obey their parents! They are not rude to them, do not interrupt them, and the candy gifts presented by us are divided fairly, without noise, uproar and fights. How would we say "according to concepts"!
I am not sure of my observation, but, in my opinion, few of today's Arabs see these bright sides of Berber life. On the contrary, many people like to tell jokes about the stinginess of the Berbers, their stupidity, lack of education.
Upon learning that I was a humorist, my guide, who accompanied me to the Berber village, began to pour jokes at the speed of a Russian KVN officer.
For example, before entering the village, he warned that if a foreigner wants to sleep with a Berber woman, he should know that half of the local population is sick with AIDS, and half with tuberculosis, so it is advisable to seek intimacy only with those women who cough!
I, of course, chuckled for decency. But in his heart, as a professional humorist, he considered the anecdote unfair to the Berbers.
Again I can't help but compare with the Slavs. The Proto-Slavs also suffered for centuries from the same " civilizers". And the Slavs were driven into slavery and sold to Greece, to Rome, to the Phoenicians ... " Civilians» smacked « Not civilians". And what is the result? Look at the modern map! The Slavs settled throughout the mainland, and those states that smacked remained only in memories. Why? Because the Slavs remained faithful their land. Both the Berbers and the Slavs call the land... Mother! Russian heroes, when they wanted to gain strength, lay down on the ground. And they became invincible.
You can defeat the hero in his native land only by deceit!
Hercules overcame the mythical ruler of Libya, Antaeus, precisely by cunning. First, he tore the hero from his land. Deprived of strength! And only then he managed to overcome. This is a parable, not a documentary description of events.
(Unfortunately, neither Hercules nor Antey's photographs have been preserved).
All "civilizing"-colonizers-democratizers are always for valor revered cunning. In order to enslave some people, they first had to tear them away from their native land. Root out! So today they are trying in every possible way to deprive the Slavs of their last strength, to transport them to metropolitan cities, destroying the national basis - the peasantry! Turn into chipped, low-frequency music-fueled slaves bustling around in pursuit of virtual happiness!
Oh, how it is necessary for the Western "Hercules" to tear the Slavs away from Mother Earth! However, everything is not so simple!
No matter how much smacked plowmen Berbers and Slavs, they still resurrected. Berbers and Slavs are phoenix birds, which each time are reborn almost from the ashes!
Because both of them have a saving motto: “What we haven’t eaten, we’ll finish it!”
yablor.ru
These guys are not weak - the Berbers! Pharaohs, Hannibal's cavalry corps, Hannibal himself, Gaddafi, Zidane, Edith Piaf... And the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012!
top-antropos.com
To be continued...
The nationwide fundraising for the filming of a film about Rurik continues! Read the details on the website
The Berbers are the most mysterious and ancient people of all living on Earth. It was the Berbers who created a civilization in North Africa, the heirs of which were the ancient Egyptians, and the culture of the Berbers became the ancestor of the culture of the Maghreb countries. . El-Maghrib - "Where the sunset is", as the countries of Africa to the west of Egypt were called. For centuries, the royal dynasties of the Maghreb were the aristocratic dynasties of the Berbers, the line of Moroccan kings comes from the Berbers ...
Berbers (from Greek βάρβαροι, Latin barbari - "barbarians") - this is the name of the indigenous population of North Africa, in the Maghreb countries. According to Berber experts, various Berber peoples make up at least 60% of the population of Morocco, 45% of the population of Tunisia, about 25% of the population of Algeria, they also live in Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger and other countries. The total number of Berbers is about 30 million people, 3 million Berbers live in Europe - in France (1.2 million people), Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, the USA and Australia.
The name "Berbers" is unknown to most of the Berber peoples themselves, as it was given to them by Europeans by analogy with the "barbarians" due to the incomprehensibility of their language. The self-name of the Berbers: Amazig, Amahag, Amazir and even Amazai, which means "free man".
Conquered in the 7th century by the Arabs, the Berbers profess Islam, they are mostly Sunni Muslims, supporters of Sufism and mystical teachings, but there are Jews and Christians among the Berbers. For several centuries, the Berbers managed to resist total Islamization, maintain their independence and combine Muslim and Christian traditions with their own cults, original language and culture, which remains almost unchanged today.
Despite the fact that in terms of real numbers, the Berber peoples are far from everywhere in the minority in the Maghreb countries, they are in the position of national minorities, and they fight for their rights exclusively by peaceful means. In Europe, the international cultural Berber movement Amazig was created, proclaiming the goal of achieving equal status in the countries inhabited by Berbers, for the Berber language to be the state language along with Arabic.
Moroccan Berbers demand rights call children Berber names and use Berber place names (from other Greek τόπος "place" + ὄνομα "name") in the Maghreb countries.
Among the numerous Berber peoples of the Maghreb, the main nationalities can be distinguished:
1. Amazakhi- live in northern Morocco, on the extreme northwestern coastline of the mainland (Rif, "reef pirates") and the northernmost part of the Atlas Mountains to the province of Tella.
2. Mashuesh, Mazies, Matmata- peoples living in large communities, they decide everything together, appreciate the internal warmth of relations and help each other in every possible way.
3. Shilu, Berber people, occupying part of a large plain along Oum er Rebia and Tenzift, in southern Morocco.
4. Kabyles(from the Arabic "qaba'il" - tribe) - living in Algeria. The Kabylie area in North Africa.
5. Shauya- people in Algeria, inhabits Ores (Ares). Shauya are famous for the "evil eye", and inspire superstitious fear of their secret knowledge, ethnoscience, magic, they adorn their faces with characteristic sacred tattoos, from combinations of crosses, dots and ovals.
6. Tuareg (traglodytes), their self-name Imoschag, Imoshag- the ancient Berber people living in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso. They live separated by vast expanses of the Sahara desert and inhabit the farthest corners of the desert.
7. Garamants(Greek Γαράμαντες) - the ancient people of the Berbers, living from the end of the 2nd millennium BC. e. in the Sahara, and first mentioned by Herodotus in 500 BC. e., as "a very great people." The Berbers consisted of warlike, desperate and cocky Berber tribes, penetrating into the steppe expanses of North Africa on chariots drawn by four horses. In the VIII century BC. e. the state of the Garamants included the entire current Fezzan, the southern regions of Tripolitania and a significant part of Marmarica. In 19 BC. e. the state of the Garamantes was captured and subordinated to the Roman Empire. In the 7th century A.D. e. the Garamantes were conquered by the Arabs. The Garamantes spoke the language of the Berber group and used the ancient Berber script - "Tifinagh", which is called "Old Libyan", or the Berber-Libyan language.
According to glottochronology, in the 6th millennium BC, in the Nile Valley, the speakers of the Proto-Berber language separated from the close language of the Proto-Egyptians. From the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, the Proto-Berbers - Libyans are written in texts ancient kingdom and Egyptian art, as about Egypt's western neighbors. The proto-language of the Berber-Libyan languages split at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, after the defeat of the Sea Peoples and their Libyan allies from the Egyptians. Part of the Libyan tribes left the borders of Egypt and settled in the west and southwest of Egypt. The Berbers were part of the population of powerful Egypt. In the history of Ancient Egypt, there were even several Berber pharaohs, it is known that!
Modern Berbers claim that they are direct descendants of the Etruscans and Romans. All the Berber peoples are Caucasian in appearance, white-skinned, with blue eyes, balding early, they absolutely do not look like either Arabs or Africans of the Negroid race.
One of the greatest commanders and statesmen of antiquity Hannibal (247-183 BC) Berber blood flowed.
Hannibal was born in Carthage in the family of the commander Hamilcar, nicknamed Barka - "lightning",
given to him for his swiftness and tactics of fighting against the Roman troops in Sicily. In the army of Hannibal, who fought the Romans in Spain, and defeated the Romans in several battles in Italy in 218 BC, there was a whole cavalry corps of Berber warriors. The warriors of Hannibal fiercely hated the Romans and more than once crushed the Roman armies, for which the Romans considered them treacherous.
Before the invasion of the Arabs in the 7th century, there were 9 Berber-Jewish principalities in northern Africa: Borion, Nafusa, Ores, Ludalib, Al-Kurdan, Shivava, Talmesan, Wad Draa and Tahir. Ores in Algeria became the center of the Judeo-Berber principalities, which, led by the legendary Berber Queen Kahina, for a long time repelled the attacks of the armies of the Arab conquerors.
Among the Berbers, elements of "folk Islam" are widespread - the cult of saints, religious and religious-guild associations, brotherhoods dating back to Sufi orders - tarikats.
Tuaregs are Sunni Muslims.
However, the Tuareg Berbers retained many pre-Islamic customs- veneration of the cult of the mother - the progenitor of the clan, the guardian ancient language and traditions, among the Tuareg polygamy is prohibited. girls with early age learn to read and write, and it is permissible for a man to be illiterate. Part of the Tuareg, inhabiting the Algerian Sahara and the Tenere desert, roams with herds of camels and goats, they breed small cattle.
Main traditional activities of all Berber peoples - nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralism (camels, small and large cattle). For a long time Berbers maintained communal arable land use (“arsh” - earthen measure), hoe farming, grew cereals, barley, millet, wheat, legumes, and gardened vegetables.
The Berbers maintain clan-tribal relations, at the head of the tribal association is an elected council of elders - imzran and leader (aglid, amgar). Inter-clan unions (thiweezy),
and cooperation in grazing (tauallat). The center of the tribal group is the fortified village of Tigremt or Dshar.
In ancient times, Tuareg society was divided into castes. The Tuareg themselves are thin, fair-skinned, tall warriors raided neighboring tribes, capturing people into slavery, the slaves were dark-skinned and constituted the lowest caste of society.
Hamsa means "five" a protective amulet in the form of a palm is considered a symbol of good luck and happiness appeared before Islam. The Phoenicians associated her with the "Hand of Tanit", the wife of Baal or the Lord, the moon goddess and patroness of Carthage. And in Cyprus, she was associated with Aphrodite.
Berber ljubian – amber and hamsa – hand of Tanit
The ancient legends of the Tuareg tell about the "mother-ancestor" Tin-Hinan, who came to them from Morocco on a white camel with her maid Takamat and became queen. The most beautiful, young and strong male suitors came to the queen of Tin-Hinan, but the queen treated the men in the same way as the legendary Amazons, she killed them in the morning. Queen Tin-Hinan and the maid Takamat gave birth to children, laying the foundation for the family of the highest and lower caste Tuareg, their black and white descendants are today united by one tribal name. In 1925, in the area of the ancient fortification of Abalessa in Ahaggar, a rich burial of a woman was found, many Tuareg believe that this is a tomb. Queen of Tin Hinan.
In the 11th century, Arab conquerors invaded the territory of the Tuareg Berber tribes in North Africa, and they retreated west and into the farthest corners of the Sahara desert, but were still subjected to forced Islamization and Arabization.
In the Middle Ages, the Tuareg created several state entities that did not last long - the Sultanate of Agadez controlled important transit trading points, the city-state of Takedda in Niger.
In the colonial era, the Tuareg, despite resistance, were conquered by the French and their lands were included in French West Africa, in the colony of Niger. The Tuareg raised uprisings in 1916-1917, the colonial authorities were able to subjugate the Tuareg tribes only by 1923. The French colonial authorities ruled the Tuareg through clan leaders, using contradictions between tribal clans.
The Berbers build houses of unbaked clay, adorning them with patterned windows, and the Berber valleys are called the valleys of a thousand fortresses, since their houses are more like impregnable fortresses.
Contrary to the popular opinion in the literature about the militancy of the Berbers, they are very peaceful and harmless farmers, unlike the militant merchants of the Phoenicians, Romans, Greeks, and Arabs. The Berbers have always been ruled by someone, first the Egyptians, then the Phoenicians, then the Romans, Greeks, Arabs. Defending their freedom, independence, language, culture and way of life, the Berbers learned to fight.
All nationalities and tribes of the Berbers are united by a common tricolor flag, the colors of which personify the sea, mountains and desert. Many famous and famous people from different eras are from from the Berbers
e.g. Christian theologian Saint Aurelius Augustine, famous general Hannibal.
A significant Berber diaspora lives in France, from which a number of famous people e.g. French singer Edith Piaf - real name Edith Giovanna Gassion. 
The nickname Piaf, colloquially meaning "sparrow", became the stage name of this truly great artist of the 20th century. For the sake of her beloved, Piaf converted to Orthodoxy.
The famous Algerian footballer Zinedine Zidane comes from the Berber Kabyle family.
Zinedine Zidane is an Algerian-born French footballer and coach who is the head coach of Spanish club Real Madrid. Considered one of the greatest players in football history.
