Without salt, without bread, a thin conversation. Without salt, without bread - a thin conversation

Denis Fomenko, acting CEO State Enterprise "Artyomsol" told Delo.UA how the Ukrainian monopoly lives without the Russian market.

— What is happening now with the supply of salt to Russian market?

- We learned about the decision of Rospotrebnadzor to ban the import of our salt into Russia from the media, as well as from a message on the website of this department. We have not received official notifications about the discrepancy between the quality of our products. Artyomsol, through official representatives in the Russian Federation, several times turned to the leadership of the Russian department with a request to clarify the situation, but we still have no official answer.

— Has the company completely stopped supplying salt to Russia?

- In fact, Rospotrebnadzor suspended the import of Ukrainian-made edible salt on January 26, 2015. The reason for this decision, as follows from media publications, was quality claims. However, we believe these accusations are unfounded. As for the salt technical purpose, it is shipped to Russia, as before.

— What is the share of sales in the Russian market?

- About 55% of the total production of Artyomsol products went to the Russian market, of which 30% was edible salt.

The Russian market is extremely important for our company, and we are trying to resolve the issue of resuming supplies, but so far to no avail.

— Who is the largest consumer of Ukrainian salt besides Russia?

— About 10% of the salt products we produce go to the foreign market besides Russia. "Artyomsol" delivers to 22 countries of the world. Among consumers in Europe are countries such as Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Serbia.

In the post-Soviet space, these are Belarus (our largest consumer after the Russian Federation), Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, as well as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

— Is everything okay with deliveries to other CIS countries?

- On this moment There were no complaints about the quality of Artyomsol's products, either from the regulatory authorities or from consumers.

- Are deliveries to the EU increasing?

— So far, we only supply technical salt to the EU countries — for use in chemical industry and for road treatment in winter. As you know, Europeans traditionally use evaporated rather than rock salt as edible salt. Therefore, it is difficult to talk about large export consignments of table salt for food purposes in the form in which it is mined in our country.

However, now we are actively negotiating with our largest consumer in the European Union - Poland - on the start of deliveries of table salt to Polish retail chains.

In addition, today we already have concluded contracts for the supply of products of the State Enterprise "Artyomsol" to the Baltic countries and the Danube region.

In order to increase our presence in the European market, we need to establish the production of premium products, taking into account the traditional tastes of Europeans. Therefore, at the moment we are studying and calculating a project for the construction of a factory for the production of evaporated salt in order to further expand the sales market.

— How much did the volume of salt sales decrease in 2014?

— At the end of 2014, the enterprise produced more than 3 million tons of salt, which is 11% less compared to 2013. Sales figures also changed proportionally. Given the current economic and political situation, this result can be considered quite acceptable. In addition, by certain types products, such as packaged salt for food purposes, production even slightly increased - by 4.5% compared to 2013.

There is also a positive dynamic of another kind. Thus, we eliminated intermediary schemes for the sale of salt in Ukraine, the CIS countries and far abroad, due to which the company received an additional UAH 16 million. In addition, we have renegotiated direct contracts with regional highways of Ukraine, eliminated intermediaries, which also led to significant cost savings.

— How are things going with the health and recreation business in the salt mines?

- Speleosanatorium today is a separate unit owned by a private individual. Options are being considered for its return to state control, but, as far as I know, no concrete decisions have been made yet.

In a lesson on the topic “Design and decor of a household item”, students get acquainted with the works folk art who lived with a person, helped in everyday life, work, were participants in the holidays. Considering the objects of peasant life, diverse in form and decor, we dwell in more detail on the form, design of salt shakers, decorating them with carvings and paintings. The lesson can start with an old legend and reveal the concept of the word “fishing”, as well as the attitude of the Russian peasant to salt. Two lessons can be held on this topic: in the first lesson, the design of the salt shaker is thought out, and then the students cut out the details of the salt shaker from paper.

To do this, it is necessary to determine the two main parts of the future product: vertical and horizontal. Next, fold the vertical part in half lengthwise. The resulting fold is the center, the middle of the future product. using a line, outline half of the silhouette of the salt shaker and cut it out. Then students think over the composition of the painting or carved pattern, including their favorite images and motifs, complementing them with geometric and floral elements. As the drawing of the pattern is completed, the details of the salt shaker can be tinted with ocher watercolor “under the tree”. In the second lesson, students paint salt shakers (wall boxes). Before starting practical work, it is necessary to once again demonstrate various options for decorating salt shakers.

The painting can be done in watercolor or gouache. The lesson ends with an exhibition and discussion of the work. Students analyze their work, determine the most successful, strong and positive qualities in weak works. And you can also invite the guys to try to determine whether a salt shaker (wall box) can be used in our daily life.

There is an old legend that the world began with a tree. Its trunk is the axis of the universe, the roots have gone to mother earth, and the crown has scattered with stars in the skies.

The village is a wooden world, it begins with a tree, it is built, heated, breathes. From time immemorial, wood has been the most accessible and favorite material of folk art. artistic creativity, because the people have never known "non-artistic" creativity, indifferent to the perfection of expressiveness.

Whether it was a plow, a spinning wheel, a casing - no matter what peasant hands undertook to make, they gave beauty to everything, an intricate pattern, smooth lines - to the delight of the eye and heart.

The word “fishing” comes from the word “provide”, that is, to think about how to get the means to live. And the trade existed as long as it brought income, fed.

In a peasant way, prudent craftsmen understood: they will work quite simply - people will not buy, the work will be too intricate - at a loss, you won’t do much. And the price will rise - again they will not buy. The peasant estimate has always helped the master to find that measure of expressive means, sufficient to both decorate an object and sell it without sacrificing profit.

Did you know that the tradition of gathering together at the festive table is rooted in the distant, pre-Christian past? And that each item placed on the table of our ancestors had a special ritual meaning and never appeared by chance?

The table etiquette of our ancestors was very strict. You need to sit at the table and behave like in a church. It was considered sacrilege to stand on the countertop, and they avoided putting items that were not related to food on it. Bread and salt were placed in the most honorable place. folk craftsmen they created surprisingly diverse forms of salt shakers and the richness of their decor from wood. In proverbs and sayings, epics, fairy tales and folk songs, bread and salt are almost always mentioned together. They are inseparable on the dining table. “Without bread it is insatiable, but without salt it is tasteless”, “Without salt, without bread, a bad conversation,” say folk proverbs.

Bread and salt have long been considered a symbol of prosperity and well-being, generosity and hospitality. By ancient custom and now dear guests are greeted in Rus' with bread and salt, and the uninvited leave “sipping unsalted”. Without salt, a person can not do the same as without air and water. That is why salt has always been treated very carefully - spilling salt was considered a great sin. They kept it in reliable salt shakers, or salt shakers. Dimensions, proportions, designs, materials and decorative trim were determined by the appointment of salt shakers.

Going to long way, along with bread they always took salt, pouring it into travel salt shakers. They were most often woven from birch bark or spruce, pine, cedar roots. Salt shakers made of birch bark had the shape of a cube, a duck or a boot. So that the salt does not wake up and does not swell, the salt shaker was tightly closed with a reliable cork.

“Curve table” - guests say if the hostess forgets to put a salt shaker on it. The ancient salt shakers served on the table differed from their travel counterparts in their more impressive size and rich decorative decoration. In ancient Novgorod, wide squat salt shakers, carved on lathes, were common. In the North, there were chiseled salt shakers, painted oil paints. But most often, salt shakers were sculpted with cutting tools. Folk craftsmen gave them the shape of a swan or a duck and even a lion. The salt cellar in the form of a duck or a swan was widespread in the Russian North. (Appendix 3) . In ancient times, birds, including duck and swan, were revered by the people as a symbol of happiness and family well-being. Their sculptural or pictorial image was a kind of amulet. Still. in some peasant families, the custom has been preserved to constantly keep a salt shaker - a duck on a dining table covered with a tablecloth. When carving a salt shaker - a duck, the master left a jumper between the beak and the chest, which served as a convenient handle. The back, along with part of the tail, was sawn off and a capacious recess for salt was chosen with incisors in the body. Then the sawn part was installed in its original place instead of the cover. Holes were drilled near the tail, into which a round rod, the so-called swivel. (Appendices 4) . If it was necessary to open the salt shaker, the lid on the swivel was easily taken aside. Some salt shakers - ducks had a removable lid. The salt shakers were decorated with laconic carvings or paintings. If the valuable wood of a birch burl served as a raw material, then the craftsmen tried to identify and emphasize natural beauty texture drawing.

In the Upper and Middle Volga regions, the so-called salt shakers - armchairs - became widespread. Apparently, the poet B. Dubrovin had them in mind: Saltlessness responded - with a blow!

You can't live on earth without it!
Empress - salt!
And not without reason
Solonitsa,
Like a throne, on a table!

In shape, such salt shakers really resembled armchairs, and some of them, skillfully decorated with carvings, can be compared with a throne. Separate parts of the salt shakers bear the same names as the details of the chair, for example, the back, armrests, legs, etc. For many centuries, a special type of salt shaker cover, the chair, has been developed in peasant life. Two cylindrical rods cut out of the protrusions of the cover - swivels rotate in holes drilled in the armrests of the side walls. The lid, rotating on swivels, easily leans back and rests against the back of the salt shaker. Towering above the body of the salt shaker, the back served as a convenient handle for carrying it. Sometimes a through figured hole was cut in the back. Such a salt shaker could be hung on the kitchen wall in a convenient place. The design of salt shakers is designed in such a way that there is not a single nail or any other metal fasteners in it. And this is not accidental - after all, metal parts from salt and moisture quickly rust or oxidize, and then collapse.

The famous Russian master Ivan Vasilievich Savinov, who lived in the village of Timirevo not far from Moscow, made a salt pot, which, it seems, was intended as a gift to friends; to decorate it, the master worked hard. She herself is carved in the form of a chair with a lid (many peasant salt boxes have this shape). (Appendix 6) . All its walls are dotted with carved ornaments and scenes from village life. Here are two wanderers with knapsacks and a staff. They are replaced by a peasant woman who bakes pancakes. Nearby - three cheerful men are sitting at the table, in front of them there is a stack of pancakes on a plate, and the hostess brings another whole dish. Now the fun feast will begin. But business is time, fun is an hour, as he says folk proverb. Here we see the peasants at work. One plows with a plow, driving a horse, the other sows from a basket. All scenes are very lively, reliable in the smallest details. The signature on the back wall indicates: "Volostny sud" - several bearded men obviously came to some business. (Annex 7)

Savinov remained faithful to his love for sculptural images in the decoration of this salt shaker: the salt shaker stands on legs carved in the form of bearded heads. And on top, on the lid, there are three hens: as if alive, they follow each other, they are about to cackle.

According to the technique of making salt shakers - chairs can be divided into three types: dugout, carpentry and cooperage. Hollowed salt shakers are cut from a whole piece of wood, knocking out a cavity with special cutters. Joiners are assembled from individual planks, using the methods of joining wooden parts, for example, into a spike. Cooperage salt shakers are also assembled from separate boards, but they are fastened to each other, like staves of cooperage utensils, with the help of a willow hoop. But many such salt shakers were made by masters of the Volga region for sale. They were willingly bought not only by peasants, but also by townspeople. Strong, reliable and capacious salt shakers served them for many years.

It's no secret that some people these days keep salt in glass jars with plastic lids. Needless to say, how inconvenient is such a “salt shaker”? In addition, it constantly has to be removed from sight - after all, it is unlikely that anyone would think of putting such a salt shaker in a conspicuous place as decoration. And besides, there is always a risk of breaking a jar and spilling salt. A wooden salt shaker, whether it is old or recently made, fits perfectly into the interior of a modern home. There is no need to hide it, and there is no need to talk about its convenience - it is confirmed by the centuries-old experience of the people. (fig. 1, fig. 2)

The Murmansk Art Museum presents an exhibition from the cycle of simple things "Without salt, without bread, a bad conversation." Salt shakers.

“Eat bread, salt, and decide the truth,” the hand of the carver skillfully drew on the back wall of the Kostroma salt box of the 18th century. Smartly painted with patterned belts and rosettes, it attracts attention, makes you think. Why did the master spend so much time, needlework and inventions on decorating an object so common in our time? Why were they so lovingly and carefully preserved for many years, finally taking their rightful place in museum collections?

Saltcellars are very diverse in form, manufacturing technique, decor. Some are hollowed out, in the form of swimming ducks or horsemen proudly throwing back their heads. Others, "high chairs," look like smartly decorated thrones with twisted columns and lavish carvings. Still others are woven from birch bast or pine root. All of them attract attention with the plasticity of lines, a variety of decorations.
Usually the salt box was hollowed out from whole piece trees, most often birch. The tools were the most uncomplicated - an ax, a knife, an adze. Main tool - skillful hands peasant. Long winter evenings, by the light of a torch, he cut the things necessary in the household, decorating them with elegant carvings and putting into their decor his own, in a peasant way, simple and wise, received from his ancestors, an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure of the world.

Usually items applied arts associated with peasant life are nameless. The village craftsmen did not put their signature on the products that came out of their hands. It is only by the form, proportions and elements of decoration that one can assume the possible time and place of the production of the monument. That is why we are especially fond of things whose authorship has been established.
A small household item - a wooden salt box, as it were, conveyed to us a particle of the past, spoke about the traditions and customs of bygone generations. Like all works of peasant art, salt boxes are full of spirituality. Of course, one of the main requirements for them were good quality and durability. Therefore, when creating their works, folk carvers first of all made sure that the usefulness of the object and its beauty were inextricably linked.

Nowadays, both “ordinary” salt shakers and works of art are produced: made of expensive materials, atypical shapes (for example, made in the form of some animal or funny creature), richly decorated or painted. The exhibition presents salt shakers from the museum’s collection and private collections.

Without salt, without bread, a thin conversation. See GUEST HOSPITALITY ...

Wed Without salt, without bread, a thin conversation. Our brother, a Russian man, loves to chew. Leskov. Islanders. 5. See our brother... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

- (half of the conversation). See FOOD… IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

See. You can’t put a lie on the tooth ... IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

Female mutual conversation, sociable speech between people, their verbal communication, the exchange of feelings and thoughts in words. What were you talking about tonight? | Speech, dialect, word, language, adverb, method of explanation, pronunciation; syllable, turn of speech. The Galicians have a different ... Dictionary Dalia

Conversation- - any kind of dialogue, especially in an everyday situation, including in a situation of discussing a case, in a situation of rest. Without salt, without bread, a thin conversation. In someone else's conversation, everyone will buy a mind. Live in neighbors, be in conversations. A good conversationalist, but overpriced (a lot ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary in psychology and pedagogy

conversation- any kind of dialogue, especially in an everyday situation, including in a situation of discussing a case, in a situation of rest. Without salt, without bread, a thin conversation. In someone else's conversation, everyone will buy a mind. Live in neighbors, be in conversations. A good conversationalist, but overpriced (a lot ... ... Culture of speech communication: Ethics. Pragmatics. Psychology

Easy to remember. Just remember him, and he is here. Mentioned the wolf, and he is here. Remember the wolf, and the wolf from the peg. No hearing, no spirit, no news, no bones. And the eye doesn't show. And we don't see his face. If only he would spit on us (i.e., visit us). Like a young month ... ... IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Wed, music. the fifth note is fine, ge. II. SALT wives. compound substance, the combination of alkali and acid into one, according to chemical affinity; in sem value saltpeter and vitriol salts, also gypsum, lime, chalk, etc. | Salt, cooking, kitchen, sodium hydroxide ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Wed Without salt without bread - thin conversation.

Our brother, a Russian man, loves to chew.

Leskov. Islanders. 5.

• - Wed. Without salt, without bread - a thin conversation. Our brother, a Russian man, loves to chew. Leskov. Islanders. 5...
• - Wed. Yes, an eccentric: you call for a visit, how not to go. Who refuses bread and salt? Ostrovsky. The heart is not a stone. 13...

  Explanatory-phraseological dictionary of Michelson

• - Without salt, without bread - a bad conversation. Wed Without salt, without bread - a bad conversation. Our brother, a Russian man, loves to chew. Leskov. Islanders. 5...
• - They do not refuse bread and salt. Wed Yes, an eccentric: you invite to visit, how not to go. Who refuses bread and salt? Ostrovskiy. The heart is not a stone. 13...

  Michelson Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original orph.)

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  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

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  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

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• - Without bread, without salt, a bad conversation ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - See DECENCY - GOODNESS -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - See CHILDREN -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - They do not refuse bread and salt ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

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  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

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  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

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• - Eat bread and salt, crush the swan ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

"no salt, no bread - a bad conversation" in books

Conversation between the author and the hero - on the eve of the release of the book ... Conversation between Nina Baranovskaya and Konstantin Kinchev