Rakhmetov's quotes from the novel what to do. Previous

Central
in the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky "What to do?"
is the image of Rakhmetov - “special
human”, “higher nature”. In his image
merged best features advanced people era
Chernyshevsky.

Aristocrat
by origin, he becomes a Democrat
outlook on life and behavior.
Rakhmetov is a professional revolutionary,
revolutionary leader. This is a "knight without
fear and reproach”, a man, as if forged
from pure steel. There are few people like him.
“I met,” notes Chernyshevsky, “before
So far, only eight specimens of this breed (in
including two women)...”

Not right away
Rakhmetov became a “special person”. He
came to St. Petersburg as an ordinary
decent young man. Rapprochement with Kirsanov,
who introduced Rakhmetov to the teachings
utopian socialists and philosophy
Feuerbach, was the impetus for the transformation
him into a "special person". “Greedy
he listened to Kirsanov on the first evening, wept,
interrupted his words with exclamations of curses
to what must perish, blessings
that which must live." Gifted
extraordinary abilities, Rakhmetov,
having studied the theory of socialism, he soon moves on to
revolutionary action, becomes
a revolutionary, a man of a "special breed."
"He's more important than all of us here put together"

Rakhmetov,
preparing yourself for revolutionary activity,
knows that he will have to endure hardships,
torment, perhaps torture from the outside
royal jailers. And he tempers in advance
his will and body, accustoms himself to endure
physical suffering, refusing
every luxury. Rakhmetov is distinguished by a rare
performance. “He managed to do
frightening me, because and available
time put on myself exactly the same
curbing whims, as in material
things. Not a Thursday hour in a month wasted
he had for entertainment, he had no rest
need to". His occupations are varied, and the change
them is a rest for Rakhmetov. About the secret
revolutionary work of Rakhmetov
Chernyshevsky, for obvious reasons,
could not speak openly. He is only deaf
mentions that Rakhmetov had “cases ... had
abyss, and all matters that did not personally concern
him; he had no personal affairs, that's all
knew ... He was rarely at home, he kept walking and

Rakhmetov
fights for the happiness of the people, and this struggle
becomes his life's work. not easy
the path that Rakhmetov is taking, but he is rich
happiness and joys. Huge value
Rakhmetovs for life. “There are few of them, but they
the life of all flourishes; without them she died
would have turned sour, few of them, but they give to everyone
people to breathe, without them people would suffocate.
Great mass of honest

The novel by N. G. Chernyshevsky “What to do?” was written in the Peter and Paul Fortress. It was begun on December 14, 1862 and completed on April 4, 1863. It was written during the rise revolutionary movement in Russia.
The hero of the novel, Rakhmetov, is a revolutionary. By origin he is a nobleman. His father was a rich man. But free life did not keep Rakhmetov on his father's estate. He left the province and entered the natural faculty in St. Petersburg. Rakhmetov easily became close in the capital with progressively thinking people. I met Kirsanov, from whom I learned a lot of new and advanced politically. Began to read a lot. After six months, he stopped reading books and said: “Now reading has become a secondary matter for me; I am ready for LIFE from this side. He began to order himself and fulfill these orders exactly on time. Then Rakhmetov began to harden the body. Undertook the hardest work. Was even a burlak. He did all this in preparation for great revolutionary deeds.
Rakhmetov followed the path chosen once and for all. He ate only what ordinary people ate, although he had the opportunity to eat better. He explained this simply: “It is necessary - it gives respect and love to ordinary people. It's useful, it might come in handy." Rakhmetov refused to marry a wealthy young widow. He explained it this way: "... I must suppress love in myself: love for you would bind my hands, they will not be untied soon - they are already tied."

Chernyshevsky in the image of Rakhmetov portrayed a revolutionary leader, a special person. The author wrote about such people: "... This is the color of the best people, these are engines of engines, this is the salt of the salt of the earth." Rakhmetov is a knight without fear and reproach, a man as if forged from steel. He expands the circle of his knowledge with amazing speed, carefully studies life.

RAKHMETOV - "SPECIAL PERSON" OF HIS TIME

Here genuine person which Russia now especially needs, take an example from him and, whoever can and is able, follow his path, for this is the only path for you that can lead to the desired goal,
N. G. Chernyshevsky
How actor Rakhmetov appears in the chapter "A Special Person". In others
chapters his name is only mentioned. But it is felt that this image is central, that Rakhmetov - main character novel What to Do?
The chapter "Special Man" forms, as it were, a small independent story in the novel, the idea of ​​which would not be complete and understandable without it. Talking about Rakhmetov, Chernyshevsky deliberately shifts the time frame and does not give a consistent description and biography. He uses hints and omissions, intertwining what they "knew" about him with what they "learned" later. Therefore, every stroke of the biography is of fundamental importance. For example, origin. Indeed, why does the raznochinets Chernyshevsky make the main character of the socio-political novel a nobleman whose pedigree goes back centuries? Perhaps, according to the writer, the image of a revolutionary nobleman made the idea of ​​revolution more convincing and attractive. Once the best representatives the nobility renounce their privileges, which means that the crisis is ripe.

The rebirth of Rakhmetov began in early youth. His family was obviously a serf. This is evidenced by the mean phrase: "Yes, and he saw that in the village." Observing the cruelty of serfdom, the young man began to think about justice. “Thoughts began to wander in him, and Kirsanov was to him what Lopukhov was to Vera Pavlovna.” On the very first evening, he "eagerly listened" to Kirsanov, "interrupted his words with exclamations and curses for what must perish, blessings for what must live." Rakhmetov differs from Lopukhov and Kirsanov not only in his aristocratic pedigree, but also in his exceptional strength of character, which manifests itself in the constant hardening of the body and spirit, but especially in his preoccupation with the preparation for the revolutionary struggle. This is a man of ideas in the highest sense of the word. The dream of a revolution for Rakhmetov is a guide to action, a guideline for his entire personal life.

The desire for rapprochement with ordinary people. This can be seen from his travels in Russia, classes physical labor, severe self-restraint in personal life. The people nicknamed Rakhmetov Nikitushka Lomov, thereby expressing their love for him. Unlike the commoner Bazarov, who condescendingly spoke to the "thick-bearded" peasants, the nobleman Rakhmetov does not look at the people as a mass to be studied. He believes that the people are worthy of respect and is trying to experience at least part of the burden that hangs on the peasant's shoulders.
Rakhmetova Chernyshevsky shows how a person is a “very rare”, “special breed”, but at the same time as a typical person, belonging to a new public group, albeit few. The writer endowed the "special person" with severe demands on himself and. different and even gloomy appearance. Vera Pavlovna at first finds him "very boring". “Lopukhov and Kirsanov, and everyone who was not afraid of anyone or anything, felt in front of him at times a certain cowardice ... except for Masha and those who equaled or surpassed her in the simplicity of soul and dress.” But Vera Pavlovna, getting to know Rakhmetov better, says about him: ““. What a gentle and a kind person!».
Rakhmetov is a rigorist, that is, a person who never and in no way deviates from the accepted rules of conduct. He is preparing himself for the revolutionary struggle both morally and physically. After sleeping on the nails for the night, he explains his act, smiling broadly and joyfully: “A trial. Need to. Unbelievable, of course: but just in case, it is necessary. I see I can." This is probably how Chernyshevsky saw the leader of the revolutionaries. To the question "What to do?" Nikolai Gavrilovich responds with the image of Rakhmetov and the words placed in the epigraph.

The figure of this rigorist had an enormous influence on subsequent generations of Russian and foreign revolutionaries. This is evidenced by the confessions of these people that their "favorite was especially Rakhmetov."
I like Rakhmetov. He has those qualities that Bazarov lacks. I admire his perseverance, will, endurance, ability to subordinate his life to the chosen ideal, courage, strength. I want to be a little like this character.

Rakhmetov is the hero of the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky "What to do?"

Central in the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky "What to do?" is the image of Rakhmetov - “a special person”, “higher nature”. In his image, the best features of the progressive people of the Chernyshevsky era merged.

An aristocrat by birth, he becomes a democrat in his views on life and behavior. Rakhmetov is a professional revolutionary, a revolutionary leader. This is a “knight without fear and reproach”, a man, as if forged from pure steel. There are few people like him. “I have met,” notes Chernyshevsky, “so far only eight samples of this breed (including two women)...”

Rakhmetov did not immediately become a “special person”. He arrived in St. Petersburg as an ordinary decent young man. Rapprochement with Kirsanov, who introduced Rakhmetov to the teachings of utopian socialists and the philosophy of Feuerbach, was the impetus for turning him into a "special person." “He eagerly listened to Kirsanov on the first evening, wept, interrupted his words with exclamations of curses to that which must perish, blessings to that which must live.” Gifted with extraordinary abilities, Rakhmetov, having studied the theory of socialism, soon moves on to revolutionary actions, becomes a revolutionary, a man of a “special breed”. “He is more important than all of us here, taken together,” Kirsanov says of him. Rakhmetov expands the range of his knowledge with amazing speed. At twenty-two, "he was already a man of very remarkably thorough learning." Rakhmetov reads only “original” works, which, in his opinion, “there are very few capital works on each subject; in all the others, it only repeats, liquefies, spoils what is contained much more fully and clearly in these few works. It is necessary to read only them; any other reading is just a waste of time.” Realizing that the leader's strength lies in his closeness to the people, Rakhmetov closely studies the life of the working people. On foot he traveled all over Russia, was a lumberjack, sawmill, stonecutter, together with barge haulers pulled the strap. For a simple person, he is his own, native person. No wonder the barge haulers called him Nikitushka Lomov in memory of the legendary Volga hero barge hauler.

Rakhmetov, preparing himself for revolutionary activity, knows that he will have to endure hardships, torment, perhaps torture by the tsarist jailers. And he tempers his will and body in advance, accustoms himself to endure physical suffering, renounces all luxury. Rakhmetov is distinguished by a rare capacity for work. “He managed to make me terrified, because at the disposal of time he put upon himself exactly the same curbing of whims as in material things. He didn’t waste an hour a month for entertainment, he didn’t need rest. ” His occupations are varied, and changing them is a rest for Rakhmetov. Chernyshevsky, for obvious reasons, could not speak openly about the secret revolutionary work of Rakhmetov. He only muffledly mentions that Rakhmetov “had an abyss of affairs ... and all the affairs that did not personally concern him; he had no personal affairs, everyone knew that ... He was rarely at home, he kept walking and driving around, walking more. But he ... had people ... often for several days he was not at home. Then, instead of him, one of his friends sat with him and received visitors, devoted to him in body and soul and silent as a grave. Rakhmetov, knowing that the revolution needs dedicated and knowledgeable people, takes care of the training of revolutionary personnel: his scholarship holders study at several universities, preparing for underground activities. Rakhmetov seems to be a stern and gloomy person. He himself says: "You see gloomy things, how can you not be a gloomy monster here." But its severity is only external, behind it lies a tender and loving nature. “For all his phenomenal rudeness, he was, in fact, very delicate,” remarks Chernyshevsky. “What a gentle and kind person he is,” Vera Pavlovna thinks of him. In order to help the oppressed, Rakhmetov renounces personal happiness in the name of revolutionary work. “I have to suppress love in myself,” he says to the woman he loves, “love for you would bind my hands, they will not be untied soon, they are already tied. But I'll untie it. I don't have to love... people like me have no right to tie anyone's fate to their own."

Rakhmetov fights for the happiness of the people, and this struggle becomes the work of his whole life. The path that Rakhmetov follows is not easy, but he is rich in happiness and joys. The significance of the Rakhmetovs for life is enormous. “They are few, but the life of all flourishes with them; without them, it would have died out, turned sour, there are few of them, but they allow all people to breathe, without them people would suffocate. The mass of honest and kind people is great, but such people are few; but they are in it ... a bouquet in a noble wine; from them her strength and fragrance; it is the color of the best people, it is the engines of engines, it is the salt of the salt of the earth.” For many generations of revolutionary fighters, the image of Rakhmetov was an example of behavior and imitation, a source of inspiration, they drew strength and courage from it.

The image of Rakhmetov in Chernyshevsky's novel What to do

The true hero of his era, before whom Chernyshevsky "bows down", is Rakhmetov, a revolutionary with his fiery love for all that is good. At the beginning of the novel, we see the image of Rakhmetov and the whole innocent, elevated atmosphere of respect and recognition that surrounds this hero. All this undoubtedly testifies that the central theme of the novel is not in the depiction of love and new family relations"ordinary decent people", but in the glorification of all the unbridled revolutionary energy and feat ordinary person, Rakhmetova. The title of the novel “What is to be done?” is directly related to the image of Rakhmetov.

It is noteworthy that in the "Notes" of the III section, containing assessments of the journals of the 60s, this famous passage in the novel was quoted in full from the Sovremennik, word for word. The anonymous author of the Notes testified to the "enthusiastic" reception given by readers to the novel What Is to Be Done? He was bitterly annoyed that the followers of Chernyshevsky, “our nihilists have made up such a dense and autocratic corporation that they act in literary world completely despotic."

Nobody before Chernyshevsky in Russian, and indeed in the world fiction did not say such poetic penetrating words about the revolutionary, about the socialist. In the final chapter of the novel A Change of Scenery, confidence is expressed that a revolutionary upheaval is imminent. With all his being, the disgraced author of “What is to be done?” waited for the revolution in Russia, welcomed it, glorified its leaders.

With the feeling of a great realist artist and thinker, Chernyshevsky realized that only a relief image with the greatest completeness would express the essence of the Russian revolutionary - then still "an instance of ... a rare breed" - and would have a strong educational impact on the reader. According to the terminology of the author of "What is to be done?", he painted the Rakhmetovs as "funny".

“There was a lot of fun in them,” Chernyshevsky wrote, “everything important in them was funny, everything that made them people of a special breed.” under judicial investigation Chernyshevsky was forced to often resort to Aesopian language, most of all on those pages where he wrote about Rakhmetov. The word "revolutionary" is replaced here by the concepts "rigorist", " special person”, “higher nature”. revolutionary activity- "business", revolutionary beliefs and views - "original principles in material, moral, and mental life." Revolutionary propaganda - "Rakhmetov's fiery speeches, of course, are not about love"; tsarism, the landlord system - "circumstances", "the old order", "what must perish." Socialism - "golden age", " new order”, “what should live”, etc.

With the subtlest hints, the author made it clear that his hero was leading revolutionary work. Having reported that Rakhmetov had an abyss of all sorts of “cases that did not personally concern him,” Chernyshevsky concludes the story with words from which it becomes clear what dangerous conspiratorial pursuits his hero indulges in: “But often he was not at home for several days. Then, instead of him, one of his friends sat with him and received visitors, devoted to him in body and soul and silent as a grave.

Surrounded by these and similar allusions, revealing the political face of Rakhmetov as a revolutionary and socialist, Chernyshevsky extremely pointedly, emphatically highlights the main aspects of his character, the unusualness of his life biography.

Rakhmetov is a descendant of the ancient aristocratic family, the son of a wealthy ultra-conservative landowner. Protesting thoughts began to wander in the head of the young man while still in the house of his despot father, who had caused much harm and grief to his mother, beloved girl, and serfs. IN student years Rakhmetov became friends with Kirsanov, and "his transformation into a special person began."

Already this extraordinary biography of Rakhmetov (a healthy ear on a tiny piece of rotten noble swamp) declared the mighty conquering power of new revolutionary ideas. At the same time, the writer did not fantasize, he knew, and his readers knew, that revolutionaries - people from a noble environment - were not an exceptional phenomenon in Russian history (Radishchev, the Decembrists, many of the Petrashevists, Ogarev, Herzen, etc.).

The figure of Rakhmetov testified how far the process of decomposition had gone within the old society, within the ruling class, to be honest, healthy people renounce it and join the people and the revolution. Rakhmetov tempers himself physical work, leads the most severe way of life, to match common people. Furthermore, Rakhmetov does not observe the life and life of the people from the outside. The hero of Chernyshevsky himself works as a plowman, carpenter, carrier, barge hauler. Rakhmetov is proud of the fact that his comrades in the strap dubbed him Nikitushka Lomov, the glorious and dear name for the common people of the Volga bogatyr barge hauler. So unusually convex, pointedly represented in the novel is the revolutionary's democracy, which brought him the trust, respect and love of ordinary people.

To emphasize Rakhmetov's deep devotion to the revolutionary cause, Chernyshevsky deliberately exaggerates the Spartan, ascetic principles in the behavior of his hero. Nature is ebullient, lively, passionate, Rakhmetov refuses love, from life's pleasures. “We demand full enjoyment of life for people,” he says, “we must testify with our lives that we demand this not to satisfy our personal passions, not for ourselves personally, but for a person in general.”

Rakhmetov checks his readiness to endure the most difficult trials, any suffering, even torture in the name of revolutionary convictions by the fact that once he calmly fits on felt studded with nails, and, bloodied, spends the whole night in this way. "Try. It is necessary ... - says Rakhmetov, - just in case, it is necessary. I see I can."

Rakhmetov is not only a stern person, but also taciturn, “phenomenally rude”, “terribly harsh”, and, in essence, he is a delicate, sweet, cheerful, gentle and kind person. Harmful "circumstances" do not allow him to forget "his dreary thoughts, his burning sorrow", and he rarely jokes, more often he looks like a "gloomy monster". honest people not offended by his harshness. They love him, trust him. The writer admires his "funny" hero.

In the role of Rakhmetov, the most significant aspects of the character of the revolutionary type that was emerging in Russia are captured, with his unbending will to fight, high moral nobility, boundless devotion to the people and homeland. The fierce public struggle around What Is to Be Done?, around the images of the “new people” created by Chernyshevsky, the embittered attacks of enemies on the author of this revolutionary novel and sincere thanks adherents, allies, in turn, clearly reveal a political being like the hero - Rakhmetov.