Who worked Prishvin. Journey to the North

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born January 23 (February 4), 1873 in the Khrushchev estate of the Yelets district of the Oryol province in a merchant family, whose fortune was squandered by his father, who left the family without a livelihood. It took a lot of effort and work of the mother of the future writer to give children an education.

In 1883 enters the Yelets Gymnasium. Prishvin was expelled for "free thinking" from the Yelets Gymnasium. He studied at the Tyumen real school. A student at the Riga Polytechnic, Prishvin was arrested for participating in Marxist circles ( 1897 ). In 1902 Graduated from the Agronomy Department of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Leipzig. He served as an agronomist in the Zemstvo (Klin, Luga). Published several books and articles on agriculture.

Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in 1906 in the magazine "Rodnik". Leaving his profession, Prishvin became interested in folklore and ethnography. The birth of Prishvin as a writer is associated with his travels in the North (Olonets, Karelia, Norway). Observations on nature, life and speech of the northerners, records of tales resulted in a peculiar form of travel notes-essays: the book “In the Land of Fearless Birds” ( 1907 ) and “Behind the Magic Bun” ( 1908 ). Caught in the center literary life, Prishvin became close to the Petersburg decadents (A. Remizov, D. Merezhkovsky and others). Their influence is felt in the stories "Krutoyarsky Beast", "Bird Cemetery" and the story-essay "At the Walls of the Invisible City" ( 1909 ). The result of trips to the Crimea and Kazakhstan were the essays "Adam and Eve" ( 1909 ), "Black Arab" ( 1910 ), "Glorious tambourines" ( 1913 ) and others. The appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin ( 1912-1914 , publishing house "Knowledge") contributed to M. Gorky.

Prishvin believed that a person's personal life should develop. At the age of 25, he married a simple peasant woman from the Smolensk region, from whose marriage he had three sons, two of whom also became famous in literature.

During the First World War, Prishvin was a front-line correspondent; his essays were published in the newspapers Birzhevye Vedomosti, Rech, Russkiye Vedomosti.

After October revolution Prishvin led for some time pedagogical activity; he was passionately interested in hunting, local history (he lived in Yelets, in the Smolensk region, in the Moscow region). Published the essay "Shoes" ( 1923 ), hunting and children's stories, phenological notes "Springs of Berendey" ( 1925 ), released with additions called "Calendar of Nature" ( 1935 ). The writer teaches in them "kind attention" to nature, calls to recognize "... the face of life itself, be it a flower, a dog, a rock tree, or even the face of an entire region." In parallel with this line, Prishvin develops another: essays interconnected by a single hero (most often the lyrical "I" of the writer), his philosophical, moral quest, become chapters of a story or novel. In the 20s started autobiographical novel"Kashcheev's chain", on which Prishvin worked before last days life ( 1923-1954 ). The romantic quest of the protagonist Alpatov, developing against the backdrop of the life of Russia and Germany at the end of the 19th century, turns into a story of growth creative personality and analysis of the being creative activity generally. Poetically specific images novel simultaneously act as the personification of the myth (Second Adam, Marya Morevna, etc.). Adjoining the novel, the story about the work of "Crane Homeland" ( 1929 ) introduces the reader to the artist's laboratory.

During these years, Prishvin is constantly published in the magazines " New world”, “Krasnaya Nov” and others. The writer is looking for living material on trips to the Far East, the North and the Caucasus. He advocates the essay genre (“My essay”, 1933 ). And again from scientific knowledge and folklore goes to fiction, creating poetic stories and novels. So, the essay about deer "Dear Animals" preceded the story "Ginseng" (the first title is "The Root of Life", 1933 ), one of the best works Prishvin, in which the "root of life" acts as a multifaceted metaphor, symbolizing the search for the "creativity of life", the power of passion, and the pain of loss. Realistic and romantic elements, experienced and unprecedented, truth and fairy tale, merging, give an alloy of light Prishvin's worldview. Talking about the journey through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl lands in the story "Undressed Spring" ( 1940 ), Prishvin seeks to capture the unique features of the changeable face of nature. He creates a genre diary entries- poetic miniatures. The cycle of such miniatures was composed by the poem in prose "Phacelia" ( 1940 ), about which the writer said: "This is my song of songs." The cycle “Forest drops” adjoins it ( 1940 ).

In September 1941 M. Prishvin's family moves with him to the remote village of Usolye near the city of Pereslavl Zalessky and remains there until the end of the war. In 1943 Mikhail Prishvin is awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. During the years of the Great Patriotic War the writer creates "Stories about Leningrad children" ( 1943 ), "The Tale of Our Time" ( 1945 , fully published 1957 ). In the fairy tale, there were "Pantry of the sun" ( 1945 ), plot-related with the story-tale "Ship Thicket" ( 1954 ), Prishvin again seeks "... to seek and discover in nature the beautiful sides of the human soul." He shows how the will of people turns into action, how the truth merges with a fairy tale.

From 1946 to 1954 Mikhail Mikhailovich lives at his dacha near Zvenigorod, where the M.M. Prishvin. AT last years life Prishvin, as always, gave a lot of energy to diaries (the book “Eyes of the Earth” was published posthumously, 1957 ). In 1957 published a novel-fairy tale "The Sovereign's Road" (begun in the 30s), in which history and modernity meet.

The accuracy of the observations of the artist and naturalist, the intensity of philosophical quests, high moral sense, the language, nourished by juices folk speech, - all this imparts an irresistible charm to Prishvin's prose.

Name: Mikhail Prishvin

Age: 80 years old

Activity: writer

Family status: was married

Mikhail Prishvin: biography

"Singer of Russian nature" - this is how he called a fellow writer. Maxim Gorky admired Prishvin for his talent to give "physical tangibility to everything" through simple words. Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin himself, carried away by photography, jokingly called himself an “artist of light” and said that he even thinks “photographically”.

Childhood and youth

The writer was born in the estate bought by his grandfather - a Yelets merchant - in the Oryol province. Here, in Khrushchevo-Levshino, the childhood years of Mikhail Mikhailovich, the youngest of the five children of Maria Ignatova and Mikhail Prishvin, passed. From his mother, the prose writer took over the strength of mind and stamina, from his father, who lost in cards family estate, love for nature.

The head of the family is a skilled horseman who won prizes at the races, was fond of Oryol trotters, adored hunting and looked after the grown garden. He knew a lot about trees and flowers. The father, shattered by paralysis, left a vivid memory to his son: with his healthy hand he sketched a drawing of "blue beavers" - a symbol of an unfulfilled dream. After the death of her wife, Maria Ivanovna herself put five children on their feet. The remortgaged estate and debts did not prevent the woman from educating her four sons and daughter.

In 1883, 10-year-old Mikhail Prishvin was transferred from an elementary village school to a gymnasium in Yeletsk. But the younger Misha, unlike his older brothers, did not differ in zeal - in 6 years he reached the 4th grade. Due to poor academic performance, he was left a repeater for the third time, but the boy managed to scold the teacher, for which he was expelled.

Prishvin's interest in studying woke up in Tyumen, where Misha was sent to his uncle, the merchant Ivan Ignatov. In 1893, 20-year-old Mikhail Prishvin graduated from the Alexander Real School. The childless uncle, mother's brother, hoped to transfer the business to his nephew, but he had other goals - the future writer entered the Polytechnic University in Riga. There he became interested in Marxist teachings and joined a circle, for which he was under investigation in his last year.

In 1898, Mikhail Prishvin was released after a year of imprisonment in the Mitav prison. He left for Leipzig, where he completed two courses at the Faculty of Agronomy at the university, having received the specialty of a land surveyor. Prishvin returned to Russia and until 1905 worked as an agronomist, wrote scientific books and articles.

Literature

While working on books, Mikhail Prishvin realized that the framework scientific work he is tight. Confidence increased in 1907, when the first story "Sashok" was published. Prishvin leaves science and writes newspaper articles. Journalism and passion for ethnography called the writer on a six-month trip to the North. Mikhail Mikhailovich explored Pomorye and the Vyhovsky region, where he collected and processed 38 folk tales included in the collection "Northern Tales".

For three months, Mikhail Prishvin visited the coast of the White Sea, the Kola Peninsula, the Solovetsky Islands and returned to Arkhangelsk. From there, on a ship, he set off on a journey across the Arctic Ocean, visited Norway and, having circled Scandinavia, returned to St. Petersburg. AT northern capital literary biography Prishvin is developing rapidly: on the basis of his impressions, he wrote essays, combined into a collection called "In the Land of Fearless Birds", for which the Russian Geographical Society awarded the writer a silver medal.

After the first book in 1908, a second one appeared - travel essays about the life and life of the inhabitants of the North "Behind the Magic Kolobok". Mikhail Prishvin gained weight in the circle of writers, became friends with Alexei Remizov, and. In the same eventful 1908, after traveling through the Volga region and Kazakhstan, Mikhail Mikhailovich published a collection of essays “At the Walls of the Invisible City”. In 1912, Gorky contributed to the publication of the first collection of works by Mikhail Prishvin.

Rushed First World War distracted the writer from writing travel stories and fairy tales. War correspondent Prishvin published essays on events at the front. Mikhail Prishvin did not immediately accept the Bolshevik revolution. Adhering to the views of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, he published ideological articles, argued with those who spoke on the side of the new government, and went to prison. But after October, the writer resigned himself to the victory of the Soviets.

In the 1920s, Mikhail Prishvin taught in the Smolensk region. A passionate local historian and hunter, moving from Smolensk to Yelets, and from there to the Moscow region, wrote dozens of stories and fairy tales for children, combined in the collection "Calendar of Nature". Observations of nature and animals formed the basis of the stories "Fox Bread" and "Hedgehog". Written plain language stories about the habits of animals are designed to awaken in young readers a love for flora and fauna. In Chanterelle Bread, Mikhail Prishvin told the children why cabbage is called hare cabbage, and chanterelle bread. The Hedgehog tells about the friendship between a hedgehog and a man.

"Birch Bark", "Bear" and "Double Footprint" debunk myths about animals. In the story "Children and ducklings" Mikhail Mikhailovich told about the experiences of a wild duck about his kids, who are caught by children. And in "Golden Meadow" and "Life on a Strap" Prishvin spoke about nature in such a way that young readers would understand that she is alive.

Mikhail Prishvin in the 1920s and 30s wrote for both children and adults. During these years, he worked on the autobiographical essay "Kashcheev's Chain". The writer began the novel in the 1920s and worked on it until the last days of his life. In the 1930s, the writer bought a van, which he gave the name "Mashenka". Prishvin traveled all over the country by car. Later, the van was replaced by the Moskvich.

During these years, Mikhail Mikhailovich visited the Far East region. The result of the trip was the book "Dear Animals" and the story "Ginseng". The story "Undressed Spring" Prishvin composed under the impressions of a trip to the outskirts of Kostroma and Yaroslavl. In the mid-1930s, after a trip to the Russian North, Mikhail Prishvin composed a book of short stories "Berendeeva Thicket" and took up writing the story-tale "Ship Thicket".

During the Second World War, the 70-year-old writer was evacuated to the Yaroslavl region. Love for flora and fauna also found application there: Prishvin protected the forest around the village where he lived from the destruction of peat by the developers. In the penultimate year of the war, Mikhail Prishvin came to the capital and published the story "Forest drops". In 1945 there appeared epic tale"Pantry of the sun".

The story "My homeland" - a prime example touching love to native land. It is written in simple words, without excessive pathos. There is no clear plot, more emotions. But while reading the story, you feel the aroma of tea with milk, you hear the mother's voice, the noise of the forest and birds.

After the war, Mikhail Prishvin bought a house in the village of Dunino near Moscow, where he lived every summer until 1953. Passion for photography since the 1920s has resulted in a life's work, comparable in importance to writing works about nature and animals. AT country house Prishvin found a place for a photo lab. It was preserved in Dunino, where a museum appeared after the death of the prose writer.

Mikhail Prishvin photographed nature from all angles, illustrating written books with photographs. Leica was true friend writer until the last years of his life. Biographers and critics call the main work of the writer "Diaries". The first entries are dated 1905, the last - 1954. The volume of the "Diaries" exceeds the 8-volume collection of the writer's works. Reading the notes, Mikhail Mikhailovich's views on life, society and the role of a writer become clear. The Diaries were published in the 1980s. Previously, for censorship reasons, they were not allowed to print.

Films have been made based on two of Prishvin's works. The painting "The Cabin of Old Louvain" came out in the mid-1930s, but has not survived to this day. And the adventure drama "Wind of Wanderings" - a film adaptation of the fairy tales "The Ship Thicket" and "The Pantry of the Sun" - the audience saw on the screen in 1978, after the death of Mikhail Prishvin.

Personal life

The first wife of the writer was a peasant woman from the Smolensk village Efrosinya Badykina. For Efrosinya Pavlovna, this was the second marriage. In the first union, the woman had a son, Yakov (died at the front). In the "Diaries" Prishvin names the first wife Frosya, less often Pavlovna. In union with this woman, the writer had three sons.

First-born Sergei died in infancy. Second son - Lev Prishvin, a novelist who wrote under creative pseudonym Lev Alpatov - died in 1957. The third son, hunter Pyotr Prishvin, died in 1987. He, like Leo, took over from his father the gift of a writer. In 2009, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Pyotr Mikhailovich, his memoirs were published.

In 1940, at the age of 67, Mikhail Prishvin left his family and married Valeria Liorko, who was 26 years younger than him. Together they lived for 14 years. The writer's widow wrote about famous husband memoirs, kept the archives, and until 1979, the year of her death, she managed the writer's museum.

Death

At the age of 80, doctors diagnosed the writer oncological disease- stomach cancer. Prishvin died six months later, in mid-January 1954, in the capital. At the time of his death, he was 81 years old.

Mikhail Mikhailovich was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery. A mountain peak and a lake in the Caucasian Reserve, a cape in the Kuriles and an asteroid discovered in 1982 were named after him.

Bibliography

• 1907 - "In the land of fearless birds"
• 1908 - "Behind the Magic Bun"
• 1908 - "At the walls of the invisible city"
• 1933 - "Ginseng"
• 1935 - "Calendar of Nature"
• 1936 - "Berendeeva thicket"
• 1945 - "Pantry of the Sun"
• 1954 - "Ship Thicket"
• 1960 - "Kashcheev's chain"

Mikhail was born on January 23 (February 4), 1873 in the village of Khrushchevo-Levshino, Oryol province, into a merchant family. His father inherited a rich inheritance, which he lost (after which he died of paralysis). Prishvin's mother was left alone with five children and a mortgaged estate. Despite everything, she was able to give them a good education.

Education

The first education in the biography of Mikhail Prishvin was received at a village school. Then he transferred to the first class of the Yelets gymnasium, several times he stayed there for the second year. And after 6 years of study, he was expelled for impudence and conflict with the teacher, although Mikhail did not stand out for his knowledge either. Only 10 years later he continued his education at the Riga Polytechnic Institute.

AT student years The ideas of Marxism became close to Mikhail, for which he paid with arrest and imprisonment for a year. After leaving prison, he went abroad.
From 1900 to 1902, Prishvin studied at the University of Leipzig. There he received the specialty of an agronomist.

Creativity of the writer

Returning to his homeland, he married and began to raise three children. And in 1906 he left his profession, began to work as a correspondent in newspapers and began to write. He wandered through the forests, traveled a lot, collected folklore. All the impressions of travel, recorded by him then, formed the basis of his books.

AT short biography Prishvin, it is important to note that in 1906 his story “Sashok” was first published. Then his books with essays were published: “In the land of fearless birds” (1907), “Behind the magic bun” (1908), “At the walls of the invisible city” (1908). From 1912 to 1914 the first collected works of the writer were published.

In the 1930s, the writer traveled to the Far East. Next books Prishvin were: "Dear Animals" and the story "Ginseng" (1933), "Calendar of Nature" (1935), the novel "Kashcheev's Chain" and many others written on its basis. Also highly regarded are his Diaries (1905-1954).

“The singer of Russian nature,” the writer K. Paustovsky briefly described Prishvin. Indeed, all the works of Mikhail Prishvin are saturated with special treatment the writer to the nature around him, and they are presented in a very beautiful linguistic form.

Death and legacy

The writer was erected a bronze monument in Sergiev Posad in 2014, and in 2015 it was inaugurated on his birthday.

Asteroid No. 9539, discovered in 1982, was named after the writer.

Russian Soviet writer, prose writer, publicist. In his work, he explores critical issues human being, reflecting on the meaning of life, religion, the relationship between a man and a woman, about the connection between man and nature. Born on January 23 (February 4), 1873 in the Yelets district of the Oryol province (now the Yelets district Lipetsk region), in the family estate Khrushchevo-Levshino, which at one time was bought by his grandfather, a prosperous Yelets merchant Dmitry Ivanovich Prishvin. There were five children in the family (Alexander, Nikolai, Sergey, Lydia and Mikhail).

Mother - Maria Ivanovna (1842-1914, nee Ignatova). The father of the future writer Mikhail Dmitrievich Prishvin, after the family division, received the Konstandylovo estate and a lot of money. He lived like a lord, led Oryol trotters, won prizes at horse races, was engaged in gardening and flowers, and was a passionate hunter.

One day, my father lost at cards, so I had to sell the stud farm and mortgage the estate. He did not survive the shock and died, paralyzed. In the novel "Kashcheev's Chain", Prishvin tells how his father drew "blue beavers" for him with a healthy hand - a symbol of a dream that he could not achieve. Nevertheless, the mother of the future writer, Maria Ivanovna, who came from the Old Believer family of the Ignatovs and remained after the death of her husband with five children in her arms and with an estate mortgaged under a double mortgage, managed to rectify the situation and give the children a decent education.

In 1882, Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was sent to study at the elementary village school, in 1883 he was transferred to the first class of the Yelets classical gymnasium. In the gymnasium, he did not shine with success - for 6 years of study he reached only the fourth grade and in this class he had to again was left for the second year, due to a conflict with the geography teacher V. V. Rozanov - the future famous philosopher- was expelled from the gymnasium "for impudence to the teacher." Mikhail's brothers did not have such problems in the gymnasium as he did. All of them successfully studied, and having received education, they became worthy people: the eldest, Nikolai, became an excise official, Alexander and Sergey became doctors. Yes, and M. Prishvin himself, subsequently living with his uncle in Siberia, fully showed the ability to learn, and very successfully. It must be assumed that his failures at the Yelets Gymnasium are due to the fact that Mikhail belonged to the category of students in need of special attention. He had to finish his studies at the Tyumen Alexander Real School (1893), where the future writer moved under the wing of his uncle, merchant I. I. Ignatov. Not succumbing to the persuasion of a childless uncle to inherit his business, he went to continue his education at the Riga Polytechnic. For participation in the activities of the student Marxist circle, he was arrested and imprisoned, after his release he went abroad.

In 1900-1902 he studied at the agronomic department of the University of Leipzig, after which he received a diploma in land surveying engineer. Returning to Russia, until 1905 he served as an agronomist, wrote several books and articles on agronomy - "Potatoes in garden and field culture", etc.

Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in 1906. Leaving his profession as an agronomist, he became a correspondent for various newspapers. Passion for ethnography and folklore led to the decision to travel to the European North. Prishvin spent several months in the Vygovsky region (near Vygozero in Pomorye). Thirty-eight folk tales, recorded by him then, were included in the collection of the ethnographer N. E. Onchukov "Northern Tales". In May 1907, Prishvin traveled along the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina to Arkhangelsk. Then he traveled around the coast of the White Sea to Kandalaksha, crossed the Kola Peninsula, visited the Solovetsky Islands and returned to Arkhangelsk by sea in July. After that, the writer on a fishing boat set off on a journey through the Arctic Ocean and, after visiting Kanin Nos, arrived at Murman, where he stopped at one of the fishing camps. Then he left for Norway on a steamboat and, rounding the Scandinavian Peninsula, returned to St. Petersburg. Based on impressions from a trip to the Olonets province, Prishvin created in 1907 a book of essays “In the land of fearless birds (Essays on the Vygovsky region)”, for which he was awarded the silver medal of the Russian geographical society. On a journey through the Russian North, Prishvin got acquainted with the life and speech of the northerners, wrote down tales, transmitting them in a peculiar form of travel essays (“Behind the Magic Kolobok”, 1908). Became famous in literary circles, approaches Remizov and Merezhkovsky, as well as M. Gorky and A. N. Tolstoy. He was a full member of the St. Petersburg Religious and Philosophical Society.

In 1908, the result of a trip to the Volga region was the book "At the Walls of the Invisible City". The essays "Adam and Eve" and "Black Arab" were written after a trip to the Crimea and Kazakhstan. Maxim Gorky contributed to the appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin in 1912-1914.

During the First World War, he was a war correspondent, publishing his essays in various newspapers.

During revolutionary events and civil war survived imprisonment, publish a number of articles close in their views to the ideology of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, enter into a debate with A. Blok over the reconciliation of the creative intelligentsia with the Bolsheviks (the latter took the side of the Soviet government). In the end, Prishvin, albeit with great distrust and anxiety, nevertheless accepted the victory of the Soviets: in his opinion, the colossal victims were the result of the monstrous revelry of the lower human evil that the world war released, but the time is coming for young, active people whose cause is right , although it will not win very soon. After the October Revolution, he taught for some time in the Smolensk region. Passion for hunting and local history (he lived in Yelets, Smolensk region, Moscow region) was reflected in a series of hunting and children's stories written in the 1920s, which were later included in the book "Calendar of Nature" (1935), which glorified him as a narrator about the life of nature, singer of Central Russia. In the same years, he continued to work on the autobiographical novel "Kashcheev's Chain", which he began in 1923, on which he worked until his last days.

In the early 1930s, Prishvin visited Far East, as a result, the book "Dear Beasts" appeared, which served as the basis for the story "Ginseng" ("The Root of Life", 1933). About the journey through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl lands is written in the story "Undressed Spring". In 1933, the writer again visited the Vygovsky region, where the White Sea-Baltic Canal was being built. Based on the impressions of this trip, he created a fairy tale novel "The Tsar's Road". In May-June 1935, M. M. Prishvin made another trip to the Russian North with his son Peter. By train, the writer got from Moscow to Vologda and sailed on steamboats along Vologda, Sukhona and the Northern Dvina to Upper Toima. From the Upper Toima on horseback, M. Prishvin reached the Upper Pinega villages of Kerga and Sogra, then reached the mouth of the Ilesha on a rowing boat, and on an aspen boat up the Ilesha and its tributary Koda. From the upper reaches of the Coda, on foot through the dense forest, together with the guides, the writer went to look for the "Berendeev thicket" - a forest untouched by an ax, and found it. Returning to Ust-Ilesha, Prishvin went down the Pinega to the village of Karpogory, and then reached Arkhangelsk by steamer. After this trip, a book of essays "Berendeeva Thicket" ("Northern Forest") and a fairy tale story "Ship Thicket", on which M. Prishvin worked in the last years of his life, appeared. The writer wrote about the fairy forest: “The forest there is a pine tree for three hundred years, tree to tree, you can’t cut down a banner there! And such smooth trees, and such clean! One tree cannot be cut down, it will lean against another, but will not fall.”

In 1941, Prishvin evacuated to the village of Usolye, Yaroslavl Region, where he protested against the deforestation around the village by peat miners. In 1943, the writer returned to Moscow and published in the publishing house " Soviet writer» stories "Phacelia" and "Forest drops". In 1945, M. Prishvin wrote the story "The pantry of the sun." In 1946, the writer bought a house in the village of Dunino, Zvenigorod district, Moscow region, where he lived in the summer of 1946-1953.

Almost all Prishvin's works published during his lifetime are devoted to descriptions of his own impressions of encounters with nature, these descriptions are distinguished by the extraordinary beauty of the language. Konstantin Paustovsky called him "a singer of Russian nature", Maxim Gorky said that Prishvin had "a perfect ability to give almost physical tangibility to everything with a flexible combination of simple words."

Prishvin himself considered his main book to be the Diaries, which he kept for almost half a century (1905-1954) and the volume of which is several times larger than the most complete, 8-volume collection of his works. Published after the abolition of censorship in the 1980s, they allowed a different look at M. M. Prishvin and his work. Constant spiritual work, the writer's path to inner freedom can be traced in detail and vividly in his diaries rich in observations ("Eyes of the Earth", 1957; fully published in the 1990s), which, in particular, gives a picture of the process of "depeasantization" of Russia and the Stalinist model socialism, far from the one that was far-fetched by ideology; the humanistic desire of the writer to affirm the "sanctity of life" as the highest value is expressed.

The writer died on January 16, 1954 from stomach cancer, and was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow. Prishvin was very fond of cars. Back in the 30s, when it was very difficult to buy a personal car, he studied car manufacturing at the Gorky Automobile Plant and bought a van, which he used to travel around the country. Affectionately called him "Mashenka". And in the last years of his life he had a Moskvich-401 car, which still stands in his house-museum.

My young friends!

We are the masters of our nature and she is for us the pantry of the sun with the great treasures of life. Not only to protect these treasures - they need to be opened and shown. Fish need clean water Let's protect our waters.

In the forests, steppes, mountains, various valuable animals - we will protect our forests, steppes, mountains. Fish - water, bird - air, beast - forest, steppe, mountains. And to protect nature means to protect the homeland.

Mikhail Prishvin

The whole life of Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was devoted to nature and connected with it. He loved the forest and all living things so much that even in an ordinary hare cabbage he saw interesting things: under the hot sun it closed, and opened up in the rain so that more rain fell on it. Like she's a sentient being.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born on February 4, 1873 in the Khrushchevo estate of the Oryol province into a merchant family.

Mikhail Dmitrievich Prishvin, the writer's father, inherited a rich inheritance, which he lost at cards. Prishvin's mother, Maria Ivanovna, was left alone with five children and a mortgaged estate. Despite everything, she managed to rectify the situation and give children a decent education.

Mikhail received his first education in a village school. Then he studied at the Yelets male gymnasium, from where he was expelled "for free thinking" and a conflict with a geography teacher. Only 10 years later, having passed the exams for the seventh grade of a real school externally, Prishvin continued his education at the Riga Polytechnic.

In 1897 he was arrested for participating in a revolutionary student circle of Marxists, and imprisoned for a year. After his release from prison in 1900, he went abroad, where he studied at the University of Leipzig. There he received a degree in agriculture. Returning to his homeland, Mikhail worked as an agronomist. But he soon left this profession and became interested in folklore and ethnography, became a correspondent in the newspapers Den, Russkiye Vedomosti, Morning of Russia.

Prishvin spent most of his life traveling and hunting wanderings. He traveled and went around almost the whole country, observing and studying nature. The writer has been to Far North, in the Far East, in the steppes of Kazakhstan, in the mountains of Crimea, in the dense Trans-Volga forests and in old oak forests on the free Oka. All the impressions of travel, recorded by him then, formed the basis of his books.

“The singer of Russian nature,” the writer K. Paustovsky briefly described Prishvin. Indeed, all the works of Mikhail Prishvin are imbued with a special attitude of the writer to the nature around him, and they are presented in a very beautiful linguistic form. How poetic is his first book - "In the land of fearless birds" (1907).

The pristine beauty of nature has become his theme for many years. He set off "For the Magic Kolobok" (1908), making "a journey to a country without a name, without territory, where we all run in childhood", where he lives untouched Ancient Rus' with its eternal fairy-tale heroes.

Twice Mikhail Mikhailovich was married - from his first marriage with a peasant woman Efrosinya had three sons. In 1940 he married Valeria Liorko, who became Prishvin's faithful companion until the end of her life. After his death, Liorko worked with her husband's archives.

I would like to note thatnamed after the writer:

– peak2782 m high in the spurs of the Main Caucasian ridge and nearbyMountain Lake;

– capeat the eastern end of Iturup Island in the Kuril chain;

– streetsin Moscow, Donetsk, Lipetsk, Yelets and Orel.

Monuments were erected to the writer in the city of Yelets (author - N. Kravchenko) (photo5), in the village of Palna-Mikhailovka (sculptor - Yu.D. Grishko)

in Sergiev Posad (sculptor - Y. Khmelevsky)

All the writer's work is permeated with love for nature and admiration for it. When you read Prishvin's stories, it seems that the writer took you by the hand and led you along; you see, as if with your own eyes, everything that is written in them, you learn to love and understand your native nature even better.

Do you want to know what makes the meadow golden? Readstory« golden luG".

golden meadow.

My brother and I, when dandelions ripen, had constant fun with them. We used to go somewhere to our trade - he was ahead, I was in the heel.

Seryozha! - I will call him busily. He'll look back, and I'll blow a dandelion right in his face. For this, he begins to watch for me and, as you gape, he also fuknet. And so we plucked these uninteresting flowers just for fun. But once I managed to make a discovery.

We lived in the village, in front of the window we had a meadow, all golden from many blooming dandelions. It was very beautiful. Everyone said: Very beautiful! The meadow is golden.

One day I got up early to fish and noticed that the meadow was not golden, but green. When I returned home around noon, the meadow was again all golden. I began to observe. By evening the meadow turned green again. Then I went and found a dandelion, and it turned out that he squeezed his petals, as if your fingers were yellow on the side of your palm and, clenched into a fist, we would close the yellow. In the morning, when the sun rose, I saw dandelions open their palms, and from this the meadow became golden again.

Since then, dandelion has become for us one of the most interesting colors because dandelions went to bed with us children and got up with us.

And from the story "Hedgehog" you will learn about the hedgehog's habits and how he settled down in a human dwelling.

Hedgehog.

R I was walking along the bank of our stream and noticed a hedgehog under a bush. He also noticed me, curled up and mumbled: knock-knock-knock. It was very similar, as if a car was moving in the distance. I touched him with the tip of my boot - he snorted terribly and pushed his needles into the boot.

Ah, you are so with me! - I said and pushed him into the stream with the tip of my boot.

Instantly, the hedgehog turned around in the water and swam to the shore like a small pig, only instead of bristles on its back there were needles. I took a stick, rolled the hedgehog into my hat and carried it home.

I have had many mice. I heard - the hedgehog catches them, and decided: let him live with me and catch mice.

So I put this prickly lump in the middle of the floor and sat down to write, while I myself looked at the hedgehog out of the corner of my eye. He did not lie motionless for a long time: as soon as I calmed down at the table, the hedgehog turned around, looked around, tried to go there, here, finally chose a place for himself under the bed and there it completely calmed down.

When it got dark, I lit the lamp, and - hello! - the hedgehog ran out from under the bed. He, of course, thought to the lamp that it was the moon that had risen in the forest: in the moonlight, hedgehogs like to run through the forest clearings.

And so he started running around the room, imagining that it was a forest clearing.

I picked up the pipe, lit a cigarette and let a cloud near the moon. It became just like in the forest: the moon and the cloud, and my legs were like tree trunks and, probably, the hedgehog really liked it: he darted between them, sniffing and scratching the backs of my boots with needles.

After reading the newspaper, I dropped it on the floor, went to bed and fell asleep.

I always sleep very lightly. I hear some rustling in my room. He struck a match, lit a candle, and only noticed how a hedgehog flashed under the bed. And the newspaper was no longer lying near the table, but in the middle of the room. So I left the candle burning and I myself do not sleep, thinking:

“Why did the hedgehog need a newspaper?” Soon my tenant ran out from under the bed - and straight to the newspaper; spun around her, made noise, made noise, finally managed: he somehow put a corner of the newspaper on the thorns and dragged it, huge, into corner.

I light a candle and what do you think? The hedgehog runs around the room, and he has an apple on his thorns. He ran to the nest, put it there and after another runs into the corner, and in the corner there was a bag of apples and collapsed. Here the hedgehog ran up, curled up near the apples, twitched and runs again, on the thorns he drags another apple into the nest.

And so the hedgehog got a job with me. And now I, like drinking tea, will certainly put it on my table and either I will pour milk into a saucer for him - he will drink it, then I will eat the ladies' buns.

These and many other secrets of nature and animals will be revealed when reading the wonderful works of Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin.

BUT in the library №16 "Lighthouse" on Kerchenskaya street, 6, you can look into the "Literary Chest" - a series of exhibitions and events dedicated to writers and books anniversaries of 2018

In this "Literary Chest" you will find an exhibition of books "The Singer of Russian Nature - Mikhail Prishvin". She invites readers to get acquainted with the works of M.M. Prishvin and discover the beauty of nature and the treasures of the forest, feel the warmth and love with which the author talks about simple things. These books teach careful attitude to all living things and will be of interest not only to children, but also to adults.

Tatyana Volodkina,