A fly in the ointment
1. Razg. Jottle-iron. About a small, insignificant addition that spoils the big and good. BTS, 93, 245, 503. 2. Jarg. school Jottle-iron. Assignment for the lagging student for the summer. Bytic, 1999–2000. 3. Jarg. they say Shuttle. About parents staying at home for the weekend. Maksimov, 225. /i> From a proverb
Big Dictionary Russian proverbs. - M: Olma Media Group. V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina. 2007 .
Synonyms:See what "A fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey" is in other dictionaries:
a fly in the ointment- About a small, insignificant addition that spoils a big and good ... Dictionary of many expressions
Jarg. school Shuttle. Turn. VMN 2003, 77 ...
Cucuteni cultures, late Neolithic ... Wikipedia
Adam's spoon Narodn. A handful of. SRNG 1, 206; DP, 314. Large spoon. Razg. Shuttle. Shovel. Hom. 1, 515. Spoon in front of someone's mouth. Kar. About a person who, breaking the rules of etiquette, starts eating earlier than others. SRGC 3, 140. A spoonful of shit in a barrel of honey. ... ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings
Vulg. simple. Unapproved What l. unpleasant, although small, but spoiling the whole. /i> Vulgarly punning alteration famous saying a fly in the ointment. Mokienko, Nikitina 2003, 189 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings
This article is about the liquid; other meanings: Tar (disambiguation). Souvenir tar Tar is a liquid product of the dry distillation of wood, as well as solid fuels of stone and brown ... Wikipedia
barrel- And; pl. genus. check, date chkam; and. see also barrel, barrel, barrel, barrel 1) a) A large wooden vessel with two flat bottoms and convex, hooped walls or a cylindrical metal container (usually used as ... ... Dictionary of many expressions
BARREL- A large wooden vessel in the form of a cylinder with two flat bottoms and convex walls pulled together by hoops, as well as an old Russian measure of the volume of liquids and loose bodies, used before the introduction of the metric system of measures (1918), equal to 492 l ... Linguistic Dictionary
A proverb is a phrase, a turn of speech that reflects any phenomenon of life, one of the small genres of folklore. Often humorous. From the simplest poetry what a fable or proverb is, can stand out and ... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Bowie. David Bowie David Bowie ... Wikipedia
Books
- Jealousy. How to cope? , Alexey Michman. They say that God gave jealousy so that love would not seem too sweet to people. She is like a fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey. Even a small or very small jealousy can destroy a big one ...
On the first of September, information about the opening caught my eye new school built with the personal money of German Gref, the first thought ... we have patrons of the level of Gavrila Gavrilovich Solodovnikov who donated to charity more than 20 million rubles (in today's money ... about 10 billion dollars) out of 22 earned.
With his own money, Gavrila Gavrilovich built on Bolshaya Dmitrovka concert hall With theater stage, where it was possible to stage ballets and extravaganzas (today in this room the Operetta Theater). Thanks to the philanthropist, the Clinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases appeared in the city, equipped with all the most interesting. Today, the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov is located in its premises. A third of the capital, out of 20 million, went to equip zemstvo women's schools in a number of provinces, the other third - to create vocational schools and a shelter for homeless children in the Serpukhov district, and the rest - for the construction of houses with cheap apartments for poor and lonely people. Such patrons as Solodovnikov in pre-revolutionary Russia there were hundreds, many of them heard ... Morozov, the Tretyakov brothers, Mamontov, Soldatenkov ...
With their donations, much was created and built for common people including schools...
Built his own school and German Gref.
The school is unique... its project won a prize international competition Re-thinking the Future, you can see it on the video and at the first moment I wanted to rejoice... rich people appeared in the country ready to donate millions of dollars to charity...
The error came...
found a fly in the ointment.
The school turned out to be not for ordinary children living in the neighborhood, but for very wealthy parents who can afford to pay 80 thousand rubles a month for a child's education and
66 thousand for the child's stay in kindergarten. It turns out that this is ... not an ordinary charity, but a business project of a private school headed by the wife of German Oskarovich.
By Hamburg account... it's okay, another private school has appeared, there are already hundreds of such schools across the country and it was possible to put a video with the title "Gref opened private school"and forget about this his business project ... if not for one but!
Found a second ... fly in the ointment
PEI "Khoroshevskaya School" is provided with a subsidy from the budget of the city of Moscow in order to reimburse the costs in connection with the provision of preschool education to citizens of Moscow and the Moscow region.
Rich kids "cry too", 66,000 a month is not enough... without government subsidies, their childhood would not be as fun and carefree... as it is today... with budget funding.
Our new patrons have not grown up to Solodovnikov and Morozov ... all of them are drawn into business and into the state pocket (budget), but I really want to see the headline - "German Gref built a unique school for his own money and handed it over to the city" ...
Dreams Dreams...
measure of tar in a barrel of honey
Alternative descriptionsCutlery
dining accessories
Russian percussion musical instrument
. "Dry ... mouth tearing" (last)
. "Bready" cutlery
. "Chopper" Antoshka
The main "working" tool of the eater
Road to dinner
Antoshka cooked her for dinner in a song
G. tool for slurping, for eating liquids; loafer, shevyrka, eater. Draft spoon, ladle. A kind of iron ladle with which copper is poured, with a small casting; the same, flatter ladle, with which they take out the incandescent cores, or bayonets, ingots from the molds; wide blade drill; wide nozzle of an earthen drill; lower end of the sternum, spoon, dimple under the sternum. A wooden spoon (the main craft of the Lower Gubernia of the Sem. Uyezd) is chopped off from a buckwheat with a hatchet, embossed with an adze, sharpened with a knife and cut with a curved cutter, and the stalk and forging on it are sharpened with a saw, by hand. Spoon happens: mezheumok, simple Russian, wide; butyrka, burlatskaya, the same, but thicker and rougher; barefoot, longish, blunt-nosed; semi-flat, rounder than that; nosy, sharp-nosed; fine, generally fine, clean finish. White, i.e. unpainted, comes first hand
Measure of tar
musical instrument for dinner
Tool of one when seven with a bipod
Item household utensils, in rituals - a symbol of a family member, living or dead
An item that rises in price for lunch
Appliance - cabbage soup slurp
Glutton's working tool
Russian folk musical instrument
Russian percussion musical instrument
Canteen "colleague" knife and fork
Cutlery
Soup scoop
What Antoshka cooked for dinner
Percussion instrument of folk orchestra
The closer to dinner, the more expensive it is.
Scoop for Antoshka
scoop
I feed everyone willingly, but I myself am mouthless (mystery)
Detail of a drilling device designed to extract liquid, semi-liquid and loose rock from a well
By lunchtime it rises in price
One of the oldest cutlery
She's on her way to dinner
An object for scooping up liquid crumbly food
Household item, one of the handicraft products
Appliance for food
sling-spoon
IN Ancient Greece even in rich houses, dried crusts of bread were served for dinner, and what do we use instead of them
Barge haulers called her "butyzka" and wore their hats on their foreheads behind a ribbon, like a cockade
eater tool
. “I don’t eat myself, but I feed people” (riddle)
The most important cutlery
Without her, eating soup would be very difficult.
A musical instrument that can be used to sip cabbage soup
Intermediary between soup and eater
The minimum required amount of honey for spoiling one barrel of honey
One with a bipod, and seven with it
Cutlery at the soldier's top
Cutlery for seven
A dose of tar, lethal for a barrel
Bouillon scoop
Soup drinker
. "scoop", dear to dinner
. scoop for shoes
Great!
The main "working" tool of the eater
In ancient Greece, even in rich houses, dried crusts of bread were served for dinner, but what do we use instead of them?
Barge haulers called her "butyzka" and wore their hats on their foreheads behind a ribbon, like a cockade.
. “I don’t eat myself, but I feed people” (riddle)
. "dry ... mouth tearing" (last)
Bread Cutlery
. "scoop", dear to dinner
. Antoshka's "scoop"
Canteen "colleague" knife and fork
Appliance - cabbage soup slurp
. scoop for shoes
The actions of the Soviet fighter aviation on June 22, 1941 cannot be called successful. First constrained by prohibitions to attack the enemy, and then hit by airfields, Soviet pilots operated in small groups and often died without having time to inflict any tangible damage on the enemy. But there were among the "Stalin's falcons" and those who were able to distinguish themselves even in these difficult conditions. Against the backdrop of all the Red Army Air Forces, the history of the air regiment, which managed to prove itself on the first day of the war precisely as a unit - the 67th IAP of the Odessa Military District, looks especially noteworthy.
Pre-war difficulties
The regiment commander, Major Semyon Grigorievich Ilyin, who led the formation and cohesion of the 67th IAP in 1939-1941, was an experienced pilot and commander. In 1941, he was 35 years old, and he was already a man of age for fighter aviation. After graduating flight school in 1933, in 1937 he fought for six months on the I-15 in Spain. The result of the “government mission” was 96 sorties, wounding and two Orders of the Red Banner. In September 1939, after completing the Lipetsk advanced training courses for command personnel, Major Ilyin was appointed commander of the emerging 67th IAP.
We must pay tribute to Ilyin - he was a purposeful person. Despite the serious difficulties associated with the late re-equipment on the I-16 (until May 1940, the regiment operated the I-15bis) and the relocation from Rzhev to Moldova to an unequipped air hub, he managed to put together a unit. Together with experienced commanders and their deputies, Ilyin instilled in most pilots the skills necessary in combat conditions.
Regiment commander Major V. A. Rudakov among the pilots of the 4th squadron of the 67th IAP
Unfortunately, intensive training had reverse side: due to the intensification of flights on aircraft with unfinished M-63 engines in the regiment in March 1941, there was a surge in flight accidents. At the request of the division commander, on April 5, Major Ilyin was removed from command, and his deputy, Major Vladimir Afanasyevich Rudakov, became the acting commander of the regiment.
On April 16, 1941, an out-of-the-ordinary case for the Air Force of the spacecraft took place. At about 23:30, when flying on a U-2 plane from the Briena site to the Bolgariyka airfield, Senior Lieutenant A. I. Moklyak lost orientation, whose passenger was the aircraft mechanic, Petty Officer P. D. Plisyugin. The “travelers”, having slipped through the Bulgarian in the dark, flew to Romanian territory, after which they got lost. The aircraft was wrecked on landing, but the crew remained unharmed. Two days later, on April 19, Moklyak and Plisyugin safely crossed the border into the territory of the USSR, naturally leaving a broken U-2 in Romania.
Accident of I-16 type 28 of junior lieutenant N.F. Murashev from the 1st squadron, April 12, 1941. Reconstruction appearance artist Alexander Kazakov
As a result, Major Ilyin was made “extreme”, although he had already been appointed inspector for piloting technique of the Air Force Department of the 5th Army, as well as the commander of the 4th squadron, Major I. M. Artamonov (a war veteran in Spain, 95 sorties, two shot down aircraft). Senior Lieutenant Moklyak, from acting assistant commander of the 4th squadron, was demoted to flight commander and fell under investigation by the military prosecutor's office.
By June 22, 1941, the 67th IAP approached, to put it mildly, not in best condition. To ensure the next deployment of the Air Force of the spacecraft undertaken at the beginning of the year, one and a half dozen pilots were withdrawn from it, as well as from all other regiments of the district, including the commander of the 2nd squadron, Major P.P. Tikhonov, the inspector for piloting technique Hero Soviet Union major A. D. Yakimenko, navigator of the regiment captain N. L. Dranik and others. Nevertheless, the foundation laid by the former leadership of the regiment allowed the flight and technical staff of the 67th IAP to show their best qualities on the first day of the war.
Morning of June 22, the first clashes
As in all parts of the Red Army Air Force, in the early morning of June 22, 1941, a combat alert was announced in the 67th IAP, the personnel prepared the aircraft for combat missions and dispersed them around the airfield.
From left to right: the first commander of the 67th IAP Semyon Grigorievich Ilyin, the regiment commander on June 22, 1941 Vladimir Afanasyevich Rudakov (photo taken later), the regiment's chief of staff Nikolai Konstantinovich Borisov, Nikolai Moiseevich Yermak
At about 04:00 (hereinafter, Moscow time), a twin-engine aircraft appeared from the east. At first they assumed that this was a drill, and an inspector flew in from the headquarters of the division or the district air force. However, the plane turned out to be a Romanian reconnaissance aircraft. Blenheim Mk.I (tail number 36) from the 1st reconnaissance and bomber squadron started at 03:30 from the Focsany-Severny airfield and was supposed to perform reconnaissance of Soviet airfields in the Chisinau, Bendery, Akkerman, Bolgrad regions. However, the Blenheim crew of the squadron commander, locotenant commander Corneliu Batekui (Lt.Cdor.av. Corneliu Bătăcui) was not destined to complete the task.
The chief of staff of the regiment, Major N.K. Borisov, an experienced pilot who fought at Khalkhin Gol, reacted most quickly to the appearance of the Romanian aircraft. Seeing the yellow crosses, he ordered Lieutenant N. M. Yermak to destroy the scout. Nikolai Yermak did not let us down and won the first air victory not only of his regiment and the Air Force of the Odessa Military District, but, apparently, of all the Air Forces of the spacecraft in the war that had begun.
The only aircraft of the 71st Squadron that survived the sortie on June 22, the flagship Savoia Marchetti S.79B (tail No. 5)
However, the reconnaissance Blenheim was only the first sign. Directly strikes on the airfields of Bolgrad and Bolgariyka were to be carried out by Romanian air units included in the so-called “Combat Aviation Connection” (Gruparea Aeriană de Luptă - GAL), which united the most combat-ready units.
The first were 12 Savoy-Marchetti S.79B bombers from the 71st and 72nd bomber squadrons, which took off literally 15 minutes after the dead Blenheim from the Poganele airfield (south of Buzau). To escort them, 18 IAR 80 fighters from the 8th Fighter Air Group were allocated. Because of various reasons Romanian planes did not enter targets compact group, but by links and even individual aircraft.
Heroes of the Morning Battle Flight Commander of the 4th Squadron Senior Lieutenant Alexander Ignatievich Moklyak, Lieutenant Alexander Alekseevich Melentiev, Junior Lieutenant Yakov Grigoryevich Kurochka
The first link of the 71st squadron was led by the commander of the 1st bomber air group, locotenant-commander L. Komsa, who went on a mission to the Savoy with tail No. 5 of the squadron commander, Captain K. Stoenescu. Even on the approach to Bolgariyka at 05:10–05:15, the Romanians were attacked by a trio of I-16s of the 4th squadron (A. I. Moklyak - A. A. Melentiev - Ya. G. Kurochka). As a result of persistent attacks from the rear and front hemispheres, both driven Romanian aircraft were shot down. At the same time, the crew of the Savoy No. 17 died in in full force, and pilot Constantin Bukuri and radio operator Ioan Valcu escaped from the crew of the Savoy No. 1, who became the first captured Romanian aviators in the Great Patriotic war.
The crew of the leading Romanian aircraft did not tempt fate and immediately turned towards the Prut . However, he continued to be pursued for another 35 km until he crossed the border. Its Soviet pilots were strictly forbidden to fly, which saved the Romanian flagship with broken tanks, its crew and the commander of the 1st bomber group. According to the results of the battle, Senior Lieutenant Moklyak and Lieutenant Melentyev were rightly credited with one downed bomber each.
The victories of Moklyak and Melentiev were not accidental: both were well-trained pilots of not a timid dozen. In addition, Moklyak simply needed to distinguish himself in order to make amends for his misdeed with the broken U-2. He succeeded - the actions of the link largely predetermined the success of the entire battle that had begun. Unfortunately, the senior lieutenant had only a few minutes to live.
Immediately after the start of the battle of the Moklyak link, the I-16 links began to take off from the airfield and immediately engage in battle. Due to the fact that the Romanian planes went to the Bolgariyka airfield from different directions, the pilots of the 67th IAP got the impression of a well-thought-out coordinated strike of several large groups of bombers under the cover of dozens of fighters. This impression was probably reinforced by flights in the airfield area and several reconnaissance aircraft - three Blenheims and two IAR 39s.
Pilot of the 59th Fighter Squadron Georgy Posteuka in the cockpit of an IAR 80
Romanian fighters from the 59th and 60th fighter squadrons, who tried to protect the Savoys, were themselves immediately attacked by Soviet fighters and suffered losses. The first four IAR 80s, led by the commander of the 8th group G. Bordeani and the commander of the 59th fighter squadron, captain V. Mazaran, were attacked by the I-16 link of the commander of the 1st squadron, captain P. F. Golovnev. As a result of the battle, the Romanian pilots barely managed to fight off the attacks, but one of the IAR 80 wingmen was shot down, and his pilot G. Posteuka was wounded in the head. He hardly brought the fighter to the airfield, where he was able to land normally and was sent to the hospital. Captain Golovnev and one of his wingmen, Lieutenant D. A. Chvatov, were credited with one downed fighter, declared as the Messerschmitt Me-109.
Three dozen I-16s that participated in the battle literally tore to pieces the approaching small groups and single aircraft of the Romanians. Two more Savoys (No. 11 and No. 18) from the 72nd bomber squadron were damaged, and the pilot of the first of them was injured.
"Savoy" S.79B (tail number 11) from the 72nd squadron, which received damage from the fire of fighters of the 67th IAP in the raid on June 22
Romanian scouts suffered even more. Two Blenheims were shot down. The first of them, credited to Senior Lieutenant A.I. Novitsky, fell 8 kilometers south of Bolgrad. It was a tail No. 38 aircraft under the control of Captain I. Popescu. The authorship of the victory over the second (tail number 24, pilot adjutant J. Boran) has not been established. Both crews were killed. The third Blenheim (tail number 3, pilot adjutant chief F. Paslari) returned to its airfield with significant damage to the fuselage and on one engine.
A pair of IAR 39 light reconnaissance bombers from the 22nd Squadron, which took off at 04:00 for reconnaissance along the route Matka - Oancha - Cahul - Bolgrad, was also attacked. As a result, one of them (pilot Adjutant Major Niculescu) was shot down by donkeys, from three members of the crew, only the wounded gunner survived. The second (pilot adjutant-chief D. Angelute) after the attack by a pair of I-16s made an emergency landing on Romanian territory. In this crew, on the contrary, the shooter was killed, and the pilot and navigator were injured.
Romanian fighters from the 60th squadron did not leave without losses either - two IAR 80s were damaged. The pilot of one of them (tail number 56), adjutant G. Sofariu, barely jumped over the border, made an emergency landing on the fuselage in the Briela area. The second (tail No. 52) adjutant E. Yupesk managed to reach the airfield in Focsani. One of these two aircraft was credited as an air victory to Senior Lieutenant Ya. I. Rogozin.
IAR-80 (tail number 56) adjutant G. Sofariu from the 60th squadron, who made an emergency landing after the battle with the I-16 of the 67th IAP. Reconstruction by artist Alexei Valyaev-Zaitsev
Despite the losses and the complete absence of victories, the Romanian fighters made an extremely optimistic report, as did the commander of the 1st bomber group, who, according to the results of the flight, announced four victories over Soviet fighters in the air and 33 I-16s destroyed on the ground! The real losses of the 67th IAP amounted to one I-16, in the cockpit of which Senior Lieutenant A.I. Moklyak died - he was shot down by the shooter of the Savoy S.79B attacked by him with tail No. 18.
Unlike the Romanians, the reports on the victories of the 67th IAP look much more moderate: in the combat report of the headquarters of the 21st mixed air division, victories over seven enemy bombers were noted, of which four fell in the Bolgariyka-Bolgrad area. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine in detail which of the pilots of the regiment shot down or shot down other Romanian aircraft. It can only be noted that one bomber, identified as Xe-111, was recorded personally by senior lieutenants I. M. Ananiev and Ya. I. Rogozin, and the third - by junior lieutenants N. I. Katsapov and G. I. Prokhorov in pairs. Apparently, these pilots attacked single Savoys, Blenheims, and IAR 39s. In addition, the flight commander, Junior Lieutenant M.V. Bobko, declared victory over the Me-109 Messerschmitt.
Summing up the results of repelling the first raid, the command of the 67th IAP could give itself an excellent mark. At the cost of losing one I-16 and one pilot, they managed to thwart all the attacks of their airfield without losing a single car on the ground. The pilots of the regiment shot down six aircraft (two Savoys, three Blenheims and one IAR 39) and damaged eight more (three Savoys, three IAR 80s, one Blenheim and IAR 39 each). At the same time, about 10 Romanian aviators died, and several more were injured. This was the best result along the entire length of the Soviet-German front. However, the war had just begun, and the enemy was gathering forces for revenge.
Noon. Continuation
The headquarters of the 21st mixed air division, taking into account the advanced location of the 67th IAP, instructed the command of the regiment to "become a shield" for the entire grouping of the 9th Army in the Odessa direction. This was not done in vain, as the Romanians continued to try to implement their plan.
Aircraft "Potez" P.633 from the 74th squadron, accompanied by He 112 fighters from the 5th fighter air group, around noon on June 22, 1941, are heading towards the airfields of Bolgrad and Bolgariyka
Nevertheless, the crews of the Romanian reconnaissance aircraft, which completed several additional sorties, finally convinced the command of the seriousness of the intentions of the defenders of the Bolgariyka airfield. Around 09:00, they again almost sent IAR-39 (tail number 84) from the 22nd squadron to the ground, the crew of which, with the planes shot through, managed to escape with great difficulty. Therefore, for the next attack, a reinforced detachment was prepared, which included Potez P.633 bombers from the 2nd air group and PZL P.37 Los from the 4th air group.
The first to enter at about 12:25 were seven P.633 Potezes from the 74th bomber squadron, led by the commander of the 2nd group, Captain I. Cristescu, and the squadron commander, Captain G. Popescu. However, two nine I-16s from the 2nd and 3rd squadrons of the 67th IAP, led by captains I.M. Artamonov and F.F. Chechulin, were already waiting for them.
Romanian planes dropped bombs on the Bolgrad airfield under construction, after which they immediately retreated along with 12 Heinkel He 112 escorts. “Under distribution” were only two aircraft that bombed at the railway station - Soviet fighters managed to intercept and knock out one “Potez” (tail No. 1), the crew of which made an emergency landing in the floodplains. The victory, most likely, was won in pairs by junior lieutenants M. G. Buzhenkov and A. E. Shirmanov.
"Potez" P.633 (tail number 1) from the 74th squadron (pilot adjutant M. Timotin) on an emergency landing among the reeds and duckweed
Most interesting point concerns the disappearance of Romanian fighters, thanks to which the 75th bomber squadron was defeated a few minutes later. Subsequently, the senior political officer of the regiment K. N. Myagkov recalled: “During the analysis of the battle, we were puzzled by the behavior of enemy fighters covering the bombers. Noticing Artamonov's nine, they immediately disappeared and did not appear again ... ".
Separately, it is worth mentioning the "hero of the battle over the Bulgarian" Lieutenant Theodor Moska from the 51st Fighter Squadron. To this day, only the lazy one has not described his "exploits", embodied in two downed I-16s. It goes without saying that the pilots of the He 112 did not fight over Bolgariyka, they had neither losses nor victories, and Moscu was not even part of this group. He flew out an hour later as part of the eight to escort IAR 37 aircraft from the 18th squadron and participated in the battle over Izmail against the I-153 and I-15bis from the 96th OIAE of the Air Force of the Danube Flotilla.
While the Soviet pilots were trying to attack the seven of the 74th squadron, two links of the 75th squadron managed to reach the Bolgariyka airfield and bombed, and the first link, led by the commander captain N. Balsha, first slipped through the airfield , and all three crews had to make a second run. Actually, this predetermined the defeat of the entire group. Almost immediately, the squadron's aircraft were attacked by Captain Chechulin's nine.
The commander of the 2nd group I. Christescu at his plane
The first link, which was the last to depart from the airfield, suffered the most. The leader's plane was shot down, both wingmen (aircraft with tail No. 4 and No. 13) were seriously damaged, and the first of them was completely destroyed on landing. In the second link, the right wingman "Potez" (tail No. 20, pilot S. Krakun) was shot down, the crew of which died. The left wingman (aircraft No. 17) was damaged, and only the leading flight aircraft returned unharmed to the base - apparently because it was the very first to leave the Bulgarian.
The result of the battle in Soviet sources exactly matches the Romanian data: “According to the report of Artamonov and Chechulin, four Junkers, having caught fire, hardly crossed the front line. These were wounded animals - the result of firing from long distances ... ". In this battle, the deputy commander of the 3rd squadron, Captain S. I. Andreev, distinguished himself, who was credited with two personally shot down aircraft and one more paired with junior lieutenant F. I. Lisitsyn.
According to the plans of the Romanian command, the crews of the 4th bomber air group under the cover of the Hurricanes from the 53rd fighter squadron were entrusted with “completing the defeat” of the airfields in the Bolgrad-Bolgariyka region. This group appeared over Bolgariyka at 13:30.
These pilots acted most professionally. The commander of the 76th squadron, Captain A. Stefanescu, and his wingmen managed to keep the line and drop bombs on the airfield. According to their report, Soviet fighters allegedly began to attack 5 minutes before the target, after crossing the border near the town of Măcin. The interaction of the Romanian bombers and escort fighters was organized at the proper level, and as a result, the six Hurricanes managed to tie up most I-16. However, only one Los (tail number 210, pilot I. Kuluri) returned from the closing link of the 77th squadron from this flight, the crew of which was credited with the downed I-16 as a consolation.
Takes off PZL P.37 "Moose" with tail number 210
Undoubtedly, the crews of the six Hurricanes (leading locotenant L. Toma, slave adjutants P. Cordescu, E. Kamenzeani, K. Popescu, K. Pomut, N. Kulzer) became the heroes of this sortie. They failed to protect all aircraft shock group, but they fought desperately and were able to inflict losses on the Soviet "colleagues" - adjutants Cordescu and Pomut declared two victories each. The Soviet side admits losses in this battle - two I-16s were shot down. Their pilots, Acting Deputy Regiment Commander Captain V.S. Nikiforov and Lieutenant I.F. Solganov, were wounded. Two days later, on June 24, Lieutenant Solganov died in the hospital.
However, the actual results of the bombing strike are not at all impressive. Even the Romanian crews themselves declared only six aircraft destroyed on the ground, but in reality the losses of the 67th IAP were even less. According to the documents of the regiment, in just two raids, losses on the ground amounted to two I-16s, which received shrapnel and bullet holes. Another aircraft veered off during takeoff due to falling into a poorly rolled bomb crater. Pilot Lieutenant Leontiev remained unharmed, the plane was broken. With all due respect to the crews of the "Moose", with more aircraft on the ground were damaged as a result of the impact of the Potezov group of the 75th squadron.
PZL P.37 "Moose", tactical number 206, from the 77th bomber squadron, shot down in an air battle on June 22, 1941 over the Bolgariyka airfield (artist Alexei Valyaev-Zaitsev)
Applications for the victories of the pilots of the 1st and 4th squadrons of the 67th IAP and the actual number of downed bombers in this episode coincide almost 100%. The victories were declared by Lieutenant N. M. Ermak (personally), as well as junior lieutenants Ya. G. Kurochka and V. P. Khudoleev (in pairs).
At the same time, Lieutenant Yermak's second victory of the day is no less remarkable than the first. Here is what follows from the report of the senior engineer of the 21st mixed air division: “06/22/41 Lieutenant Yermak, gaining altitude over five bombers, began to hit their RS, as a result of which the aircraft broke their formation ...”. This is the first documented case of the use of rockets in the Great Patriotic War. Apparently, because of the explosions of rockets, the Romanians thought that their "Moose" No. 206 (adjutant K. Vyrlan) and No. 214 (adjutant V. Nenescu) were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery fire.
"Hurricane" Mk.I from the 53rd fighter squadron, pilot - adjutant Konstantin Pomut (artist Igor Zlobin)
The further fate of Lieutenant Yermak was thorny, like the history of the entire 67th IAP. On the morning of the second day of the war, he was shot down in an air battle, wounded, but managed to leave the uncontrolled I-16 with a parachute. After being wounded in the 67th IAP, Yermak did not return, but was transferred to the 149th IAP. On July 1, 1942, he was shot down over enemy territory and on July 16 was taken prisoner, from which he escaped on July 27, after which he was in the occupied territory until January 1943. From February 1943, after passing the test, he served as a squadron adjutant in the 239th IAP. Nevertheless, Nikolai Moiseevich was still able to fight, and in January 1945 he again took to the skies. As part of the 181st Guards IAP, being an ordinary pilot, he personally shot down 4 enemy aircraft, thus becoming an ace. For this, the pilot, in addition to the Order of Lenin for the first battles, was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner, and by May 1945 he had risen to the rank of squadron commander, having received the rank of captain. He was transferred to the reserve in the fall of 1948, died on November 13, 1967.
Results and conclusions
The strike of the bombers of the 4th bomber group ended the raids of the Romanian aviation on the airfields of the 67th IAP. After 14:00, Romanian aviation did not take any action, except for reconnaissance flights. During one of these sorties, the Blenheim (tail No. 22) from the 1st Squadron was shot down, but its crew managed to reach their airfield.
The Romanians not only failed to destroy the Soviet Air Force in their area of responsibility or force them to retreat from forward airfields, but even inflicted some serious damage. Actually, by 14:00, the Romanians had completed only 56 sorties by bombers, of which 18 fell on airfields in the Chisinau and Tiraspol region, 30 on Bolgrad and Bolgariyka, and 8 on Izmail.
War is war, but lunch was brought to the Bolgariyka airfield
In this situation, it was, at least, naive to hope to gain air supremacy. Most of the Soviet aviation units in the Odessa direction did not participate in the hostilities on June 22 at all, and the personnel did not see a single Romanian aircraft in the sky. In fact, the entire offensive impulse of the Romanians was extinguished by a single fighter regiment, and there were six more such units in the OdVO Air Force, and all of them, including the 55th IAP, which fell under the German "press", remained in a combat-ready state. The tasks of destroying the Soviet Air Force at the airfields and gaining air supremacy were postponed by the Romanian command to the following days.
The brilliant actions of the 67th IAP are knocked out from the whole number of units of the KA Air Force along the entire front. What is the secret of the success of the regiment, which actually defeated the Romanian "Combat Air Force" on the first day of the war? There are many reasons for this.
First, success was largely due to the determination and common sense of the regimental command. While most of the Soviet fighter regiments, following the installation of directive No. 1, “swung their wings to German aircraft,” the chief of staff of the 67th IAP, Major Borisov, without hesitation, gave the order to shoot down an enemy aircraft that appeared in the airfield area. Immediately after that, without yet having any instructions from above, the command of the regiment organized patrols over the airfield, and the personnel were ready to destroy the enemy, and not “force to land” or “force them out of the border”. But Directive No. 2, allowing active fighting, was received at the headquarters of the OdVO only at 09:15!!!
A group of pilots of the 67th IAP near the plane of the commander of the 4th squadron, Captain Savenko
Secondly, the main key to success was the plan of the chief of the operations department of the regiment, Major Kostikov, who intended, in the event of an enemy attack on the airfield, to counteract with large groups of fighters, which replaced each other as fuel was consumed. It would seem that nothing outstanding, but even in the case when the aircraft of the Romanian 4th group managed to maintain formation and break through to the airfield, it was due to numerical superiority that the Soviet pilots managed to thwart targeted bombing and shoot down two bombers.
Thirdly, in critical moment experienced commanders and pilots of the regiment brilliantly showed their leadership qualities, who bore the brunt of the battles and were able to captivate the rest of the personnel. This happened both in the case of the decisiveness of Lieutenant Ermak, and during the attacks of Senior Lieutenant Moklyak and Lieutenant Melentiev on the Savoy flight, and in the subsequent episode, when Captain Golovnev’s flight literally tore apart the patrol of the commander of the 8th fighter air group of Romanians. In the battles at 12:30 and 13:30, the leading captains Artamonov, Chechulin, Andreev showed themselves perfectly.
In just one day, the regiment's pilots shot down at least 11 Romanian aircraft: three Potezes, two Loss, two Savoys, three Blenheims and one IAR 39. In addition, at least 12 more aircraft were damaged to varying degrees of severity: two Savoys, two Blenheims, three IAR 80s, three Potezes and two IAR 39s. Of these, one Potez and one IAR 39 were crashed during forced landings.
I-16 of the 67th IAP in the summer of 1941 had a numerical designation system - tactical numbers big size were applied with white paint on the tail of aircraft:
1st squadron: aircraft numbers from 10 to 29;
2nd squadron: aircraft numbers from 30 to 49;
3rd Squadron: aircraft numbers from 50 to 69;
4th Squadron: aircraft numbers from 70 to 89.
According to the numbers of the control link of the regiment accurate information no - apparently, these are numbers from 1 to 9 or from 90 to 100.
Presented profile of I-16 type 24 - reconstruction from the picture above, artist Alexander Kazakov
In the final operational report of the 67th IAP, it was quite reliably noted that during the day the regiment's pilots flew 177 sorties and shot down 18 enemy aircraft, including 16 bombers and two fighters. For this, the regiment received an absolutely well-deserved congratulatory telegram from the commander of the Air Force of the 9th Army, General Michugin.
It should be noted that in the future, the command of the regiment continued to conduct combat operations clearly, competently and without too much fuss, and, despite the almost daily attempts of the Romanian aviation to destroy the regiment's aircraft, the 67th IAP continued to be based at the Bolgrad air hub until July 19. Having dispersed the squadrons on the field sites, the regiment suffered minimum losses: on July 19, it included 40 serviceable and 10 faulty I-16s.
Pilots of the 67th IAP who distinguished themselves on June 22, 1941. From left to right, from top to bottom: Pavel Fedorovich Golovnev, Yakov Ivanovich Rogozin, Alexey Pavlovich Novitsky, Ivan Matveevich Ananiev, Ivan Mikhailovich Artamonov, Fedor Fedorovich Chechulin, Samson Ivanovich Andreev, Fedor Ivanovich Lisitsyn
In total, from June 22 to September 20, 1941, the personnel of the 67th IAP completed 3360 sorties, shooting down 79 enemy aircraft. For outstanding services, the regiment was presented to the Order of Lenin, and the commander and commissar of the regiment - to the Order of the Red Banner and promotion military ranks. But, apparently, old sins were remembered, the regiment did not wait for the award. True, the 67th IAP nevertheless received its small share of glory: in mid-July 1941, an episode about the life of the regiment at the Bolgariyka airfield was filmed for the Soyuzkinozhurnal collection. Due to the fact that by this time only the 4th squadron was based there, in the chronicle this video was called “Comrade Squadron. Savenko "...
Photos and memoirs of the personnel of the 67th IAP were provided by the granddaughter of A.A. Melentyeva Inna Kravchenko and grandson N.D. Solokhin by Mikhail Solokhin. Romanian data are given according to the book of Romanian historians Dan Antoniou and George Chikosha "Romanian Aviation in Aggression on June 22, 1941".
