The play "At the Bottom" is a deep, ambiguous work in which the author has set complex philosophical and moral issues. Among them is the problem of truth and lies, true and false compassion, the problem of personality degradation, the problem of human relationships. revealing last problem, the author cannot but turn to the theme of love, which, even in such inhuman conditions as life in a rooming house, still exists and makes the characters do crazy things to prove their feelings.
Life in a rooming house, the inhabitants of which are trying to somehow exist, seems unreal and fantastic, because people are initially placed in such conditions when nothing normal can be. “A basement that looks like a cave. Ceiling - heavy stone vaults, sooty, with crumbling plaster. Light - from the viewer and, from top to bottom, from a square window with right side. The right corner is occupied by Ash's room, fenced off with thin bulkheads, near the door to this room is Bubnov's bunk. In the left corner is a large Russian stove; in the left, stone, wall - door to the kitchen where Kvashnya, Baron, Nastya live, ”the author describes the place of the events in this way. Dirt, overcrowding, crowding, dampness, squalor, men in the same room with women - this is the interior against which the characters' love unfolds. The hostess's wife, Vasilisa, runs on dates with the thief Pepel, which causes constant jealousy of her hypocritical and greedy husband, Pepel loves her sister Natasha, and Nastya, who earns her daily bread by the most humiliating craft in the world, dreams of a clean, selfless love. Human feelings did not die even in such terrible conditions: and here there is a place for compassion, sympathy, hopes and love.
Probably the most significant for the development of the plot of the play are the relationship between Ash and Natasha. Ashes, a thief, the son of a thief, sees in the modest and kind Natasha, who is constantly mocked by her sister, a symbol of something beautiful, bright, for which it is not a pity to give his life: “Even now I will accept death! You take a knife, strike against the heart ... I will die - I will not gasp! Even - with joy, because - from a clean hand ... ”At the same time, Pepel does not understand that Vasilisa, a domineering and vicious woman, will not give up hers so easily. The first act of the play ends with Vasilisa beating Natasha. Vasilisa tries to persuade Pepel to kill her husband, to free her from him, and for this she promises to give him Natasha as his wife. But Natasha Pepla herself does not like it, she also lives in dreams: “Well, I think tomorrow ... someone ... someone ... special will arrive ... Or something will happen ... also - unprecedented ... I wait for a long time ... always - I wait ... And so ... in fact - what can we expect?
Elder Luke persuades Pepel to take Natasha from the rooming house and go with her to Siberia, which he presents to Pepel as an earthly paradise. Ashes, trusting Luka, believes that life can be changed, he is ready for anything for the sake of his love: “I said, I will quit stealing! Oh my gosh, I'll drop it! When I say - I'll do it! I am literate... I will work... Do you think that my life doesn't disgust me? But - I feel one thing: we must live ... differently! It is better to live! You have to live like this ... so that I can respect myself ... ”Natasha is also not averse to leaving with Ash, realizing that she has no other choice. But the heroes do not have time: the third act ends with Vasilisa tipping a boiling samovar onto her sister, and Pepel, in this turmoil, kills Kostylev with one blow. At the end of the play, we learn that Natasha has disappeared from the hospital, and Ash is in jail. What is further fate these heroes are not known, but they are unlikely to find their happiness in a world of violence and oppression.
But the fate of another heroine of the play, Nastya, unfortunately, is quite certain. Nastya earns her bread on the street, all the hostels laugh at her, everyone despises her. Nastya goes into dreams, fantasies about great love which she never had and never will. She is the only one of the overnight stays who reads books, however, these are boulevard novels, from which she draws the plots of her fantasies: “Honest to God ... it was! Everything was! He was a student... he was a Frenchman... they called him a gastoche... with a black beard... he walked in patent-leather boots... smash me with thunder in this place! And he loved me so ... so loved! Only Luka sympathizes with Nastya, saying: “If you believe, you had real love... that means she was!” In that scary world Nastya can only dream, forgetting about the humiliation and insults that fall to her lot in the real world.
In his play, Gorky shows how tragic the fate of people who, by their nature, cannot be predators. In the world of profit, they get the role of the victim, and all of them human feelings, including love, shatter against the terrible reality. But people remain people because they cannot help but suffer, sympathize with each other and love.
At the heart of the play "At the Bottom" love affair, which fits into two love triangles Ashes - Vasilisa-Natasha, Ashes-Vasilisa-Kostylev. Its development leads to the fact that Pepel kills Kostylev and ends up in prison, Natasha, crippled by Vasilisa, ends up in the hospital, and Vasilisa becomes the sovereign hostess of the rooming house.
But the originality of the play is that it is not love that is decisive. Most of the heroes are not involved in the development love story, and he himself occupies, as it were, a secondary position in relation to what Gorky depicts.
In first place here is social conflict between the masters of life, the Kostylevs, and the inhabitants of the rooming house. And even wider between Russian reality and the fate of people who were thrown out of active life to the bottom.
The social conflict of the work was perceived by contemporaries as a call for revolution, for fundamental change life. It was the play's conflict that made it revolutionary—it was the clash between reality and the lives of the people of the rooming house. But the most interesting thing is that even now the play has not lost its modern (universal) sound, it's just that the modern viewer and reader have changed their accents.
The figurative system of the play in resolving the conflict "At the Bottom"
The inhabitants of the rooming house are representatives of two lives, vagabonds who have been thrown to the bottom by society and who are not needed by society.
Gorky shows that people find themselves at the bottom in different ways:
- Satin - after prison,
- The actor fell asleep
- Tick due to wife's illness,
- The baron went bankrupt
- Ashes because he is a hereditary thief.
The reasons that led people to this state have not lost their relevance. Thus, the reasons for the conflict between these people and reality are different.
The inhabitants of the doss house have different attitudes towards their position, towards the fact that reality itself is such that it pushes them to the bottom and keeps them there. Some have come to terms with reality:
- Bubnov
(“A person is a thing, you are superfluous everywhere ... and all people are superfluous ...”),
("We must live - according to the law"),
- Natasha (dreams replace real life),
- Baron (life replaced by memories of the past).
Others are having a hard time with their condition, hoping or dreaming to change it (Natasha, Pepel, Actor).
But neither the first nor the second know how to escape from here. Modern reading play allows us to say that a person's attitude to his position determines his attitude to reality.
Therefore, the third group of heroes is very important - Satin and Luka - it is they who, as it were, know what needs to be done. The meaning of the images of Sateen and Luke and that here is formed more
one conflict is the conflict between truth and compassion, between truth and white lies.
The humanitarian component of the conflict in Gorky's play
Luke is one of central characters, with his appearance in the rooming house begin internal changes. According to the author, this character is rather negative
(“the savagery of virtue”, “the crafty old man”).
Luka takes pity on the man: he consoles the dying Anna, he tells Ash about wonderful life in Siberia, where you can part all over again, he tells the Actor about hospitals where you can recover from alcoholism. Gorky himself is sure that
"Don't feel sorry for the person." The writer believes that "pity humiliates a person."
However, it is Luke that affects people, it is he who makes them take a fresh look at their situation. It is he who remains by the bed until the last minute. dying Anna. Consequently, the rather unambiguous attitude of the author to the character does not make the image of Luka unambiguous, but sets its multidimensionality.
Satin stands out among others with his attitude to life and his statements about it. His monologues about man and truth are Gorky's credo. The image of this hero is ambiguous. He can be considered as a person provoking, for example, Pepel to kill Kostylev. A person who deliberately refuses to do anything, whose monologues are in conflict with his behavior. But you can consider his position from the point of view of Stoic philosophy: he deliberately refuses to work for this society, which threw him to the sidelines of life, he despises him
(“To work? For what? To be full?… Man is higher! Man is higher than satiety!”).
Thus, Satin is not unambiguous in the work.
The conflict of the play “At the Bottom” between compassion and truth is formally resolved in favor of the truth: Luka’s consolations did not make the lives of the inhabitants of the rooming house better (the Actor commits suicide, Ash goes to prison, Natasha goes to the hospital, Luka himself disappears). A person must know the truth about himself, says Gorky, then he can change this life. But the question posed by the writer remains a question, since the images of the characters do not provide an unambiguous solution, so the play has not lost its relevance.
The conflict between the inhabitants of the rooming house and reality is also ambiguously resolved. On the one hand, as already mentioned, the very attitude of people determines their condition, their life path. On the other hand, the masters of life (Kostylev and Vasilisa) are the type of exploiters who are alien to humanity, their thoughts are aimed at profit, the existing system is beneficial to them. In the images of the Kostylevs, Gorky condemns the existing system. No wonder contemporaries take the play as a call to change the existing system. Thus, according to Gorky, it is necessary to change life - then a person will change. The resolution of the conflict between the inhabitants of the rooming house and reality is taken out by the author outside the work.
Unusual for its time, the plot (the life of a rooming house) and the universal human conflict in the play "At the Bottom", with an unambiguous and definite position of the author, give an ambiguous interpretation of the work and make it relevant for any time.
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The play "At the Bottom" is a deep, ambiguous work in which the author posed complex philosophical and moral problems. Among them are the problem of truth and lies, true and false compassion, the problem of personality degradation, the problem of human relationships. Revealing the last problem, the author cannot help but turn to the theme of love, which, even in such inhuman conditions as life in a rooming house, still exists and makes the characters do crazy things to prove their feelings. Life in a rooming house, the inhabitants of which are trying to somehow exist, seems unreal and fantastic, because people are initially placed in such conditions when nothing normal can be. “A basement that looks like a cave. The ceiling is heavy stone arches, sooty, with crumbling plaster. The light is from the viewer and, from top to bottom, from the square window on the right side. The right corner is occupied by Pepel's room, fenced off with thin bulkheads, near the door to this room - Bubnov's bunk. In the left corner is a large Russian oven; in the left stone wall there is a door to the kitchen where Kvashnya, Baron, Nastya live” – this is how the author describes the place of the events. Dirt, overcrowding, crowding, dampness, squalor, men in the same room with women - this is the interior against which the love of the characters unfolds. The hostel's wife, Vasilisa, runs on dates with the thief Pepel, which causes constant jealousy of her hypocritical and greedy husband, Pepel loves her sister Natasha, and Nastya, who earns her daily bread by the most humiliating craft in the world, dreams of pure, disinterested love. Human feelings did not die even in such terrible conditions: and here there is a place for compassion, sympathy, hopes and love. Probably the most significant for the development of the plot of the play are the relationship between Ash and Natasha. Ashes, a thief, the son of a thief, sees in the modest and kind Natasha, who is constantly mocked by her sister, a symbol of something beautiful, bright, for which it is not a pity to give his life: “Even now I will accept death! Take a knife, strike against the heart ... I will die - I will not gasp! Even - with joy, because - from a clean hand ... ”At the same time, Pepel does not understand that Vasilisa, a domineering and spiteful woman, will not give up hers so easily. The first act of the play ends with Vasilisa beating Natasha. Vasilisa tries to persuade Pepel to kill her husband, to free her from him, and for this she promises to give him Natasha as his wife. But Natasha Pepla herself does not like it, she also lives in dreams: “Well, I think tomorrow ... someone ... someone ... special will arrive ... Or - something will happen ... also - unprecedented ... I wait a long time ... always - I wait ... And so … in fact – what can you expect? » Elder Luke persuades Pepel to take Natasha from the rooming house and go with her to Siberia, which he presents to Pepel as an earthly paradise. Ashes, trusting Luka, believes that life can be changed, he is ready for anything for the sake of his love: “I said - I will give up theft! By God - I'll quit! When I say - I'll do it! I am literate… I will work… Do you think that my life does not disgust me? But - I feel one thing: we must live ... differently! It is better to live! You have to live like this ... so that I can respect myself ... ”Natasha is also not averse to leaving with Ash, realizing that she has no other choice. But the heroes do not have time: the third act ends with Vasilisa tipping a boiling samovar onto her sister, and Pepel, in this turmoil, kills Kostylev with one blow. At the end of the play, we learn that Natasha has disappeared from the hospital, and Ash is in jail. What is the fate of these heroes is unknown, but they are unlikely to find their happiness in a world of violence and oppression. But the fate of another heroine of the play, Nastya, unfortunately, is quite certain. Nastya earns her bread on the street, all the hostels laugh at her, everyone despises her. Nastya goes into dreams, fantasies of great love, which she never had and never will. She is the only one of the rooming houses who reads books, however, these are boulevard novels, from which she draws the plots of her fantasies: “Honest to God ... it was! Everything was! He was a student... he was a Frenchman... they called him a gastoche... with a black beard... he walked in patent leather boots... thunder on me at this place! And he loved me so… so loved!” Only Luka sympathizes with Nastya, saying: “If you believe, you had true love ... then it was!” In this terrible world, Nastya can only dream, forgetting about the humiliation and insults that fall to her lot in the real world. In his play, Gorky shows how tragic the fate of people who, by their nature, cannot be predators. In the world of profit, they get the role of a victim, and all their human feelings, including love, are shattered by a terrible reality. But people remain people because they cannot help but suffer, sympathize with each other and love.
The play "At the Bottom" is a deep, ambiguous work in which the author posed complex philosophical and moral problems. Among them is the problem of truth and lies, true and false compassion, the problem of personality degradation, the problem of human relationships. Revealing the last problem, the author cannot help but turn to the theme of love, which, even in such inhuman conditions as life in a rooming house, still exists and makes the characters do crazy things to prove their feelings.
Life in a rooming house, the inhabitants of which are trying to somehow exist, seems unreal and fantastic, because people are initially placed in such conditions when nothing normal can be. “A basement that looks like a cave. Ceiling - heavy stone vaults, sooty, with crumbling plaster. The light is from the viewer and, from top to bottom, from the square window on the right side. The right corner is occupied by Ash's room, fenced off with thin bulkheads, near the door to this room is Bubnov's bunk. In the left corner is a large Russian stove; in the left, stone wall, there is a door to the kitchen where Kvashnya, Baron, Nastya live," this is how the author describes the place of the events. Dirt, overcrowding, crowding, dampness, squalor, men in the same room with women - this is the interior against which the characters' love unfolds. The hostel's wife, Vasilisa, runs on dates with the thief Pepel, which causes constant jealousy of her hypocritical and greedy husband, Pepel loves her sister Natasha, and Nastya, who earns her daily bread by the most humiliating craft in the world, dreams of pure, disinterested love. Human feelings did not die even in such terrible conditions: and here there is a place for compassion, sympathy, hopes and love.
Probably the most significant for the development of the plot of the play are the relationship between Ash and Natasha. Ashes, a thief, the son of a thief, sees in the modest and kind Natasha, who is constantly mocked by her sister, a symbol of something beautiful, bright, for which it is not a pity to give his life: “Even now I will accept death! You take a knife, strike against the heart ... I will die - I will not gasp! Even - with joy, because - from a clean hand ... ”At the same time, Pepel does not understand that Vasilisa, a domineering and vicious woman, will not give up hers so easily. The first act of the play ends with Vasilisa beating Natasha. Vasilisa tries to persuade Pepel to kill her husband, to free her from him, and for this she promises to give him Natasha as his wife. But Natasha Pepla herself does not like it, she also lives in dreams: “Well, I think tomorrow ... someone ... someone ... special will arrive ... Or something will happen ... also - unprecedented ... I wait for a long time ... always - I wait ... And so ... in fact - what can we expect?
Elder Luke persuades Pepel to take Natasha from the rooming house and go with her to Siberia, which he presents to Pepel as an earthly paradise. Ashes, trusting Luka, believes that life can be changed, he is ready for anything for the sake of his love: “I said, I will quit stealing! Oh my gosh, I'll drop it! When I say - I'll do it! I am literate... I will work... Do you think that my life doesn't disgust me? But - I feel one thing: we must live ... otherwise! It is better to live! You have to live like this ... so that I can respect myself ... ”Natasha is also not averse to leaving with Ash, realizing that she has no other choice. But the heroes do not have time: the third act ends with Vasilisa tipping a boiling samovar onto her sister, and Pepel, in this turmoil, kills Kostylev with one blow. At the end of the play, we learn that Natasha has disappeared from the hospital, and Ash is in jail. What is the fate of these heroes is not known, but they are unlikely to find their happiness in a world of violence and oppression.
But the fate of another heroine of the play, Nastya, unfortunately, is quite certain. Nastya earns her bread on the street, all the hostels laugh at her, everyone despises her. Nastya goes into dreams, fantasies of great love, which she never had and never will. She is the only one of the overnight stays who reads books, however, these are boulevard novels, from which she draws the plots of her fantasies: “Honest to God ... it was! Everything was! He was a student... he was a Frenchman... they called him a gastoche... with a black beard... he walked in patent-leather boots... smash me with thunder in this place! And he loved me so ... so loved! Only Luka sympathizes with Nastya, saying: “If you believe, you had true love ... then it was!” In this terrible world, Nastya can only dream, forgetting about the humiliation and insults that fall to her lot in the real world.
In his play, Gorky shows how tragic the fate of people who, by their nature, cannot be predators. In the world of profit, they get the role of a victim, and all their human feelings, including love, are shattered by a terrible reality. But people remain people because they cannot help but suffer, sympathize with each other and love.
The play "At the Bottom" is a deep, ambiguous work in which the author posed complex philosophical and moral problems. Among them are the problem of truth and lies, true and false compassion, the problem of personality degradation, the problem of human relationships. Revealing the last problem, the author cannot help but turn to the theme of love, which, even in such inhuman conditions as life in a rooming house, still exists and makes the characters do crazy things to prove their feelings.
Life in a rooming house, the inhabitants of which are trying to somehow exist, seems unreal and fantastic, because people are initially placed in such conditions when nothing normal can be. “A basement that looks like a cave. The ceiling is heavy stone arches, sooty, with crumbling plaster. The light is from the viewer and, from top to bottom, from the square window on the right side. The right corner is occupied by Pepel's room, fenced off with thin bulkheads, near the door to this room - Bubnov's bunk. In the left corner is a large Russian oven; in the left stone wall there is a door to the kitchen where Kvashnya, Baron, Nastya live” – this is how the author describes the place of the events. Dirt, overcrowding, crowding, dampness, squalor, men in the same room with women - this is the interior against which the love of the characters unfolds. The hostel's wife, Vasilisa, runs on dates with the thief Pepel, which causes constant jealousy of her hypocritical and greedy husband, Pepel loves her sister Natasha, and Nastya, who earns her daily bread by the most humiliating craft in the world, dreams of pure, disinterested love. Human feelings did not die even in such terrible conditions: and here there is a place for compassion, sympathy, hopes and love.
Probably the most significant for the development of the plot of the play are the relationship between Ash and Natasha. Ashes, a thief, the son of a thief, sees in the modest and kind Natasha, who is constantly mocked by her sister, a symbol of something beautiful, bright, for which it is not a pity to give his life: “Even now I will accept death! Take a knife, strike against the heart ... I will die - I will not gasp! Even - with joy, because - from a clean hand ... ”At the same time, Pepel does not understand that Vasilisa, a domineering and spiteful woman, will not give up hers so easily. The first act of the play ends with Vasilisa beating Natasha. Vasilisa tries to persuade Pepel to kill her husband, to free her from him, and for this she promises to give him Natasha as his wife. But Natasha Pepla herself does not like it, she also lives in dreams: “Well, I think tomorrow ... someone ... someone ... special will arrive ... Or - something will happen ... also - unprecedented ... I wait a long time ... always - I wait ... And so … in fact – what can we expect?”
Elder Luke persuades Pepel to take Natasha from the rooming house and go with her to Siberia, which he presents to Pepel as an earthly paradise. Ashes, trusting Luka, believes that life can be changed, he is ready for anything for the sake of his love: “I said - I will give up theft! By God - I'll quit! When I say - I'll do it! I am literate… I will work… Do you think that my life does not disgust me? But - I feel one thing: we must live ... differently! It is better to live! You have to live like this ... so that I can respect myself ... ”Natasha is also not averse to leaving with Ash, realizing that she has no other choice. But the heroes do not have time: the third act ends with Vasilisa tipping a boiling samovar onto her sister, and Pepel, in this turmoil, kills Kostylev with one blow. At the end of the play, we learn that Natasha has disappeared from the hospital, and Ash is in jail. What is the fate of these heroes is unknown, but they are unlikely to find their happiness in a world of violence and oppression.
But the fate of another heroine of the play, Nastya, unfortunately, is quite certain. Nastya earns her bread on the street, all the hostels laugh at her, everyone despises her. Nastya goes into dreams, fantasies of great love, which she never had and never will. She is the only one of the rooming houses who reads books, however, these are boulevard novels, from which she draws the plots of her fantasies: “Honest to God ... it was! Everything was! He was a student... he was a Frenchman... they called him a gastoche... with a black beard... he walked in patent leather boots... thunder on me at this place! And he loved me so… so loved!” Only Luka sympathizes with Nastya, saying: “If you believe, you had true love ... then it was!” In this terrible world, Nastya can only dream, forgetting about the humiliation and insults that fall to her lot in the real world.
In his play, Gorky shows how tragic the fate of people who, by their nature, cannot be predators. In the world of profit, they get the role of a victim, and all their human feelings, including love, are shattered by a terrible reality. But people remain people because they cannot help but suffer, sympathize with each other and love.
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Truth and lies in M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom". What is the truth and what is a lie? Humanity has been asking this question for hundreds of years. Truth and lies, good and evil always stand side by side, one simply does not exist without the other. The clash of these concepts is the basis philosophical play M. Gorky "At the bottom".
Two truths about a person in M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" Author: Gorky M. The play "At the Bottom" is the pinnacle of M. Gorky's dramaturgy. The central idea of the play is a dispute about a person, about what a person is, what he needs more - the truth, often a cruel, or a beautiful lie. The author's position is expressed by Satin, the opposite - by Luke.
In the work of Maxim Gorky, the problem of humanism has always occupied great place. But only in one work did it become a central theme. This is a brilliant, created in 1902, socio-philosophical drama "At the Bottom", which gave rise to a huge number of critical literature and received an unprecedented stage life in terms of breadth and diversity.
A little about Gorky's play "At the bottom" Author: Gorky M. Drama at the bottom. World of Perception of Heroes in Gorky's Drama. From 1901-1906 Gorky wrote a number of plays. In the theater, Gorky sees a close connection with the masses, where he can touch on the topical issues of life.
In M. Gorky's play "At the bottom" all the vices are revealed modern society. The author describes the life of people who fell to the bottom of society. These people once stumbled in life or went bankrupt and ended up in a rooming house where everyone is equal, and there is no hope of getting out.
Introduction 1 Biography 2 Roles in Yaroslavl chamber theater 3 Filmography References Introduction Vladimir Evgenievich Gusev (b. July 9, 1958) - Russian actor theater and cinema, Honored Artist of Russia (2010).
