Every person, living in any country, has his own point of view on the government. There will always be those who agree with him, and, conversely, disagree. IN this text V.F. Khodasevich raises the problem of attitude to power.
The author tells about Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, statesman. He was dismissed, and he moved to Zvanka. Here Derzhavin “endured being outside the affairs of state,” a bitter sediment settled at the bottom of his soul. “He was sometimes ready to transfer his irritation to the rulers and nobles of all times and peoples.” Gavriil Romanovich worked tirelessly, tried to common people, was engaged in charity work, but for some reason did not turn out to be a worthy assistant in the eyes of the rulers whom he served.
He considered the ungrateful tsar, who dismissed him from service, despite his services to the Fatherland.
I fully agree with V.F. Khodasevich and I think that Derzhavin did not deserve such an attitude towards himself. about him was very good opinion people, because he often helped the beggars, courtyards, servants, gave loans and even started a hospital for the peasants.
The problem of attitude to power was often raised in the works of writers. I ran into her main character novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" The master wrote his novel about Pontius Pilate not by order, but by the call of his heart, and they refused to publish it, as the editors of the magazine were afraid of the wrath of the authorities.
In the poem by A.S. Pushkin " Bronze Horseman' is also traced this problem. This is not the end, continue below.
Useful material on the topic
- before his resignation, Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin loved Zvanka because ... V.F. Khodasevich
Here, an unusually sharp contradiction arises between the individual and the state. Eugene, a petty official who lost his bride, blames Peter I, the founder of St. Petersburg, who, on the one hand, is a great reformer, but at the same time a cruel tyrant. There is no final resolution of the conflict in the plot of the poem.
All arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness".
Why is indifference dangerous? Can mindfulness save lives?
Indifference can hurt a person, indifference can even kill. The indifference of people caused the death of a little girl, the heroine Christmas story H.K. Andersen. Barefoot and hungry, she wandered the streets in the hope of selling matches and bringing money home, but it was New Year's Eve in the yard, and people had absolutely no time for buying matches, and even less for a beggar girl hanging around houses. No one asked her why she was wandering alone in the cold, no one offered her food, a passer-by boy even stole her shoe, which was out of size and fell off her small foot. The girl dreamed only of a warm place where there is no fear and pain, of homemade food, the aromas of which came from every window. She was afraid to return home, and it was unlikely that the attic could be called home. In desperation, she began to burn the matches she was supposed to sell. Each burned match gave her wonderful images, she even saw her dead grandmother. The mirage was so clear that the girl believed in it, she asked her grandmother to take her with her. They ascended high into the heavens with joy on their faces. In the morning, people found a little dead girl with a smile on her lips and an almost empty box of matches in her hands. She was killed not by cold and poverty, but by human indifference to the troubles of the people around her.
Should we learn empathy?
Compassion can and should be learned. The protagonist of the novel by J. Boyne "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" Bruno is a prime example confirming my position. His father, a German military officer, hires a tutor for the children, who must teach them to understand modern history understand what is right and what is wrong. But Bruno is not at all interested in what the teacher says, he loves adventure and does not understand at all how some people differ from others. In search of friends, the boy goes to "explore" the area near his home and stumbles upon a concentration camp, where he meets his peer, the Jewish boy Shmuel. Bruno knows that he should not be friends with Shmuel, so he carefully hides the meetings. He brings food to the prisoner, plays with him and talks through the barbed wire. Neither propaganda nor his father can make him hate the prisoners of the camp. On the day of his departure, Bruno again goes to a new friend, he decides to help him find his father, puts on a striped robe and sneaks into the camp. The ending of this story is sad, the children are sent to the gas chamber, and only by the remnants of clothes, Bruno's parents understand what happened. This story teaches that compassion must be nurtured in oneself. Perhaps you need to learn to look at the world the way the main character does, then people will not repeat monstrous mistakes.
Indifferent (indifferent) attitude to nature
One of the main characters of the novel by B.L. Vasilyeva "Don't shoot white swans" Yegor Polushkin is a man who does not stay long at one job. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart”. He loves the forest very much, takes care of it. That is why he is appointed a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Yegor manifests himself as a real fighter for the protection of nature. He boldly enters into a fight with poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man is an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Against Buryanov's cruelty, goodness must always come out in the person of the caring "polushkins".
"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. In the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéard Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area. For four decades, Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: the valley became like Garden of Eden. The authorities took this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official state protection. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Buffier. Elzéard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also able to create. Human resources are inexhaustible, purposefulness is able to create life where it does not exist. This story was translated into 13 languages, it had such a strong impact on society and authorities that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest were restored after reading it.
Indifferent attitude towards nature.
The story "" touches upon the problem of attitude to nature. A positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day, she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, they all fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is impossible to recognize: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers”, and “birds and butterflies flew over it”. Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but always brings such important results. Having spent an hour of his time, each person can save or "give life" to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.
Indifference to art.
The protagonist of the novel I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is completely devoid of interest in art. He denies it, recognizing only "the art of making money." He considers a decent chemist more important than any poet, calls poetry "nonsense." The painter Raphael, in his opinion, "is not worth a penny." Even music for is a “frivolous” occupation. Eugene is proud of the "absence artistic sense in his nature, although he himself is quite familiar with works of art. The denial of generally accepted values is the most important thing for him. For the idea of "necessity" should prevail in everything: if he does not see practical benefits in something, then it is not very important. His profession should be taken into account. He is a doctor, and therefore a zealous materialist. Everything that is subject to the mind is of interest to him, but that which is in the realm of the senses and has no rational justification is tantamount to danger for him. What he cannot understand scares him the most. And as we know, art is something that cannot be explained in terms, it can only be felt with the heart. That is why Bazarov shows a deliberate indifference to art, he simply does not understand it. Because if he understands, he will have to give up everything he believes in. It means to admit one's wrong, to "change the principles", to appear before all the followers of a person who says one thing and does another. Yes, and how could he abandon his ideas after he defended them, bringing the boiling point in the dispute to the maximum.
His profession also played an important role. It is difficult for a person who knows the anatomical structure of the body well to believe in the existence of the soul. It is difficult for a doctor who sees death, denies the miracle and believes in the power of medicine, that the soul also needs medicine - and this is art.
Another example illustrating indifference to art can be Dr. Dymov from the story "" by A.P. Chekhov. His wife Olga Ivanovna charges him with one shortcoming, namely, a lack of interest in art. To which Dymov replies that he does not deny art, but simply does not understand it, he studied medicine all his life, and he had no time. Osip claims that if one smart people dedicate their whole lives to art, while other smart people pay huge sums of money for works, that means they are needed. Partly the indifference to art is connected with his activities, partly with the fact that he had to work several jobs so that Olga Ivanovna could afford to "live in the world of art" and move in the society of "exalted" people. It is possible that Dymov did not understand exactly the fake art, the love for which Olga tried so hard to instill in him. Pretense, flattery, snobbery were companions of people of art who attended Olga Ivanovna's receptions. It can be said that Dymov was indifferent not to genuine art but to the false, because the sad motives that his friend played on the piano touched his heart.
What leads to indifference? Why is indifference dangerous?
For Onegin, indifference turned out to be a poison that destroyed him for many years. His inability to strong feelings played with him bad joke. When Tatyana confessed her love to Eugene, he turned out to be deaf to her impulses. At that stage of his life, he simply could not do otherwise. It took him years to develop the ability to feel. Unfortunately, fate did not give him a second chance. However, the recognition of Tatiana can be considered an important victory, the awakening of Eugene.
The attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives. What causes indifference to loved ones? Do you agree with Shaw's statement: The worst sin in relation to the neighbor, not hatred, but indifference, this is truly the pinnacle of inhumanity.
Indifferent attitude towards relatives.
Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "" shows the attitude of the daughter to her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried little Katerina Petrovna, she reread a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother last time in life to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words but didn't have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."
Why is indifference dangerous? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? What kind of person can be called indifferent? How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself?"
Indifference is a feeling that can manifest itself not only in relation to other people, but also to life in general. , the central character of the "Hero of Our Time", is shown by M.Yu. Lermontov as a person who does not see the joys of life. He is bored all the time, he quickly loses interest in people and places, so the main objective his life is the search for "adventure". His life is an endless attempt to feel at least something. According to the famous literary critic Belinsky, Pechorin "furiously pursues life, looking for it everywhere." His indifference reaches the point of absurdity, turning into indifference to himself. According to Pechorin himself, his life "is becoming emptier day by day." He sacrifices his life in vain, embarks on adventures that do no good to anyone. On the example of this hero, one can see that indifference spreads in the soul of a person, like a dangerous disease. It leads to sad consequences and broken destinies of both those around and the most indifferent person. An indifferent person cannot be happy, because his heart is not capable of loving people.
HERO OF OUR TIME ANALYSIS
Indifferent attitude to the profession.
The role of a teacher in human life is difficult to overestimate. The teacher is the one who is able to open wonderful world, reveal the potential of a person, help to make a choice life path. The teacher is not only the one who transfers knowledge, it is, first of all, moral guide. So, the main character of the story by M. Gelprin "" Andrey Petrovich is a teacher with capital letter. This is a man who remained true to his profession even in the most Hard times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrey Petrovich continued to defend Eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite the bad financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to transfer knowledge and share it. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. Indifferent attitude to the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.
What kind of person can be called indifferent? Why is indifference dangerous? What leads to indifference? Can indifference hurt? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? Can an indifferent person be called selfish?
What can indifference lead to?
IN fiction the theme of indifference is also reflected. So, E. Zamyatin in the novel "We" shows us a certain model of life, as well as the consequences tacit consent both individual individuals and society as a whole. A terrifying picture emerges before the reader's eyes: totalitarian state in which people are deprived not only of their individuality, their own opinion but also morality. But if you try to understand the reasons for what is happening, then you come to the conclusion: each society gets the leader it deserves, and the inhabitants United State they themselves allow the bloodthirsty dictator to rule them. They themselves join the “slender ranks” of robot-like ones, go on their own legs for an operation to “remove fantasy”, which deprives themselves of the opportunity to live fully.
However, there were units who were able to say “no” to this system. For example, main character novel I-33, understanding the absurdity of this world. She created a coalition of resistance, because she firmly knew that no one has the right to deprive a person of freedom. She could have lived immersed in comfortable hypocrisy, but she chose to protest. On her shoulders lay a great responsibility not only for herself, but also for many people who did not understand the horror that was happening in the state.
D-503 did the same. This hero was favored by the authorities, held a high position, lived in a calm, indifferent, mechanical state. But meeting I changed his life. He realized that the ban on feelings is immoral in nature. No one dares to take away from a person what life has given him. After he experienced love, he could no longer remain indifferent. His struggle did not bring results, since the state deprived him of his soul, destroying the ability to feel, but his "awakening" cannot be called in vain. Because the world is able to change for the better only thanks to the brave and caring.
What is the danger of indifference? Do you agree with the statement: "Be afraid of the indifferent - they do not kill and do not betray, but it is with their tacit consent that betrayal and murder exist on earth"?
In the novel " Cloud Atlas» David Mitchell we meet examples of indifferent attitude towards people. The novel is set in the dystopian state of Ni-So-Kopros, which developed on the territory of modern Korea. In this state, society is divided into two groups: purebloods (people born naturally) and fabricators (clone people artificially raised as slaves). Slaves are not considered human, they are destroyed like broken equipment. The author focuses on the heroine Sunmi-451, who, by chance, becomes involved in the struggle against the state. When she learns the terrible truth about how the world truly works, Sunmi can no longer remain silent and begins to fight for justice. This becomes possible only thanks to the caring "purebreds" who understand the injustice of such a division. In a fierce battle, her comrades and loved one are killed, and Sunmi is sentenced to death penalty, but before her death, she manages to tell her story to the "archivist". This only person who heard her confession, but it was he who later changed the world. The moral of this part of the novel is that as long as there is at least one caring person, the hope for a just world will not fade away.
What kind of person can be called responsive? Are there people unworthy of sympathy?
A responsive person can be called someone who thinks about others more than about himself, is always ready to help those in need, and also takes other people's experiences to heart. The hero of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" by Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin. Prince Myshkin is a representative of a noble family, orphaned early, who spent 4 years abroad due to nervous disease. He seems strange to others, but interesting person. He strikes people with the depth of his thoughts, but at the same time shocks with his straightforwardness. However, everyone notes in him openness and kindness.
Her responsiveness begins to show soon after getting to know the main actors. He is at the epicenter family scandal: Ganya Ivolgina's sister, in protest against his marriage, spits in his face. Prince Myshkin stands up for her, for which he receives a slap in the face from Ganya. Only instead of getting angry, he pities Ivolgin. Myshkin understands that Ghana will be very ashamed of her behavior.
Lev Nikolaevich also believes in the best in people, therefore he turns to Nastasya Filippovna, claiming that she is better than she tries to seem. The ability to compassion, like a magnet, attracts the surrounding people to Myshkin. Nastasya Filippovna falls in love with him and, later, Aglaya.
A distinctive feature of Myshkin is pity for people. He does not approve of them. bad deeds but always empathizes, understands their pain. Having fallen in love with Aglaya, he cannot marry her, because he takes pity on Nastasya Flippovna and cannot leave her.
He feels sorry even for the robber Rogozhkin, who subsequently kills Nastasya.
The compassion of Lev Myshkin does not divide people into good and bad, worthy and unworthy. It is directed at all mankind, it is unconditional.
How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself"?
Indifference to oneself is a heavy burden that pulls a person to the very bottom of life. An example confirming the above is the hero novel of the same name I.A. Goncharova Ilya. His whole life is geometric progression self-indifference. It starts small: with appearance to which Ilya Ilyich does not attach any importance. He wears an old worn dressing gown, slippers. These things lack individuality and beauty. Everything in his room is broken and dusty. In his financial affairs - the collapse. But most of all, the manifestation of indifference in oneself can be considered Oblomov's rejection of the idea of \u200b\u200bhappiness with Olga. He is so indifferent to himself that he deprives himself of the opportunity to fully live. This leads him to hook up with a woman he doesn't love, just because it's convenient.
(341 words) For several centuries, the theme of the relationship of power to the common man has been inexhaustible source for reflection. Undoubtedly, Russian-speaking writers could not but reflect it in their works. Representatives of the authorities often determine the fate of their subordinate, and their decisions are not always aimed at the good, therefore, in classical literature the reader can find different examples relationship between officials and commoners.
Perhaps one of the most prominent representatives indifferent authorities is the commander-in-chief of the Russian army in Patriotic war 1812 M. I. Kutuzov. His image is always associated with victory and humanity at the same time, perhaps because this is how the commander appears as one of central characters epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The author describes his hero as a "simple and ordinary" person, but very attentive to his subordinates. He supports officers and soldiers with affectionate words, worries about the lack of good boots for infantrymen. It turns out that in the work it is Kutuzov, and not Alexander I, who is opposed to Napoleon Bonaparte: the Russian military leader is sensitive, wise, sympathetic, while french emperor shown as arrogant, indifferent and short-sighted.
Examples of authorities who are indifferent to fate common man, much more in Russian literature. Many have thought about this topic, and among them - N.V. Gogol. In the poem " Dead Souls he masterfully introduces it as a standalone episode. It's about about the "Tale of Captain Kopeikin", which the postmaster tells. Captain Kopeikin fought against the French, his arm and leg were torn off during the war, and he decided that he was entitled to a reward, the so-called “pension”. He got to St. Petersburg, was able to meet several times with various high-ranking officials, but achieved nothing but promises and rudeness. The postmaster says that it is not known where the hero went, but hints that he became the leader of the Ryazan gang of robbers. By the way, it is curious that Gogol indicates the different ranks of those to whom the veteran addressed. He does this for some generalization, it is important for him to show that the case of Captain Kopeikin is not the only one.
Often, officials leave people to their own devices, they are not at all interested in how poor and weak citizens will survive in difficult conditions, as, for example, it happened with Captain Kopeikin. But this is not always the case: there are also such representatives of power who worry about their subordinates, worry about their well-being and try to somehow help.
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1) The indifference of the authorities to the people and to the common man:
Tale "Lefty" Leskov about the miracle master Lefty - a collective image of the whole people, handicraft, inventive, patient and disenfranchised. The main theme is the inability to appreciate the skill of the people, the conniving, indifferent attitude of the authorities to unique masters, and to the people as a whole.
"Railway" N. Nekrasov- this is not only the path along which people move. The road is human life itself, it turns and goes downhill and hard uphill, there are stops, it happens that they go astray. Nekrasov put into the image railway comparison with human life, life a society that develops and moves forward, but not always in the right way. The sacrifices made to achieve goals are not always comparable to the price of people's lives, crippled destinies, but was progress worth such human grief. The main idea of the poem is the question of the fate of ordinary people , heavy beat and callous attitude authorities to working people.
2) Indifference and responsiveness in love:
"War and Peace" L. Tolstoy. Pierre Bezukhov was blinded by love for Helen, everyone around him saw the truth, except for Pierre, who trusted Helen. She deceived her gullible husband, and even worse, she did not think to hide it from society. The betrayal of his wife brought deep disappointment to a noble man, he was disappointed in women in general , and in the society that surrounded him. The marriage of Helen Kuragina is a marriage of convenience, she is not able to love the main thing for her is money, the condition of her husband, to whom she is indifferent.
A. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet". The theme of the story is love, an all-consuming feeling that does not look at ranks and class differences, no matter if it brings happiness or suffering, a person cannot live without a feeling of love. Life is empty without love, a person does not live, but only exists. Life loses meaning if a person does not love anyone or no one loves him. Vera Sheina rejects Zheltkov's feelings, laughs at them, but in the end she remains lonely, life loses its meaning, no one can love her like Zheltkov, who is dying. Position and well-being in society cannot replace a real, devoted feeling, love is higher than material values, stronger than death, as it remains in Vera's memory as the highest feeling in her life that she lost.
3) Responsiveness to oneself and to one's life in general:
N. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Taras is proud of his life - he fought for his homeland. Taras dies happy, he is calm for his homeland, his followers will continue to fight. The execution of Taras, he dies as a martyr, the Poles themselves, not understanding, made him a saint. a symbol of the struggle for independence, a symbol of heroism and love for his homeland. Taras is not afraid of death, it is more important for him to know that his comrades managed to escape and continue his work. The fire only kills Taras's body, his image remains forever in the soul of the people, his enemies are also broken the greatness of the executed.
B. Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man". Aleksey Meresyev did not reconcile himself to physical loss, he hears himself - he cannot live without heaven. The hero passes tests and proves to everyone what a person is capable of for the sake of a dream. has not lost its meaning for the pilot.
4) Indifference and responsiveness to art:
A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".Onegin visits the theater every day, this is part of his life routine, the author calls him an "honorary citizen of the backstage." Late for the opera, as he is not going to listen to her, but goes to pay his respects to friends or make new ones. The theater does not care how both art and beauty in general, he is tempted by behind-the-scenes intrigues. Onegin is not a connoisseur of art, he is only concerned about acquaintances, looking at the stage, he yawns. Art does not give rise to any emotions in Eugene, he indifferently contemplates beauty, masterpieces do not excite him. Lensky knows how love, admire beauty, write poetry. passionate about art. Ardent romantic, fascinated by poetry and works of art.
Ray Bradbury "Smile" In the distant future, people destroyed the painting "La Gioconda" by Leonardo da Vinci. Tom, a little boy, saved a piece of the canvas, enchanted by the beauty of the Mona Lisa's smile. People laughed and spit on Mona Lisa. Beauty saves the world, Tom believes in the spiritual rebirth of humanity, Gioconda's smile helps him in this.
