The episode of the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov takes important place in the novel. The duel takes place after the return of Bazarov from Odintsova. After unrequited love Bazarov returned to Anna Sergeevna a different person. He withstood this test of love, which consisted in the fact that he denied this feeling, did not believe that it affects a person so much and does not depend on his will. Returning to the Kirsanov estate, he becomes close to Fenechka and even kisses her in the gazebo, not knowing that Pavel Petrovich is watching them. This incident is the reason for the duel, because it turns out that Fenechka is not indifferent to Kirsanov. After the duel, Bazarov is forced to leave for the estate with his parents, where he dies.
Bazarov believes that “from a theoretical point of view, a duel is absurd; but from a practical point of view, this is a different matter," he would not allow himself to be "insulted without demanding satisfaction." This is his attitude to duels in general, and he treats the duel with Kirsanov ironically.
In this episode, as in the previous ones, Bazarov's great pride is manifested. He is not afraid of a duel, a grin can be heard in his voice.
Pavel Petrovich in this episode shows his inborn aristocracy. When challenging Bazarov to a duel, he spoke snobbishly and officially, using long pompous phrases. Pavel Petrovich, unlike Bazarov, takes the duel seriously. He stipulates all the conditions of the duel and is even ready to resort to "violent measures" in order, if necessary, to force Bazarov to accept the challenge. Another detail confirming the decisiveness of Kirsanov's intentions is the cane with which he came to Bazarov. Turgenev remarks: "He used to walk without a cane." After the duel, Pavel Petrovich appears before us not as an arrogant aristocrat, but as a physically and morally suffering elderly man.
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov from the very beginning did not like his nephew's friend Bazarov. According to both, they belonged to different class groups: Kirsanov did not even shake hands with Bazarov when they first met. They had different views on life, they did not understand each other, opposed each other in everything, despised each other. Often there were clashes and quarrels between them. After a while, they began to communicate, and, consequently, quarrel less, but the spiritual confrontation remained, and it inevitably had to lead to an open clash. The incident with Fenechka became the reason for it. Pavel Petrovich was jealous of Fenechka for Bazarov when he saw them kissing in the arbor, and the next day challenged him to a duel. As for the reason, he said this: “I think ... it is inappropriate to delve into the real reasons for our collision. We can't stand each other. What more? Bazarov agreed, but called the duel "stupid", "extraordinary". It happens the next day early in the morning. They had no seconds, there was only a witness - Peter. While Bazarov measured out steps, Pavel Petrovich loaded pistols. They dispersed, took aim, fired. Bazarov wounded Pavel Petrovich in the leg ... Although they were supposed to shoot again according to the condition, he ran up to the enemy and bandaged his wound, sent Peter for the droshky. They decided to tell Nikolai Petrovich, who had arrived with Peter, that they had quarreled over politics.
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In February 1862, the first publication of the novel "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev took place. We bring to your attention it brief retelling. "Fathers and Sons" chapter by chapter will be considered by us from the point of view of the main events. In addition, in the article you will find the characteristics of the heroes. First, we suggest you read a brief retelling. "Fathers and Sons", set out by chapters by us, begins with the following events.
Acquaintance with Nikolai Petrovich
Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich - a landowner, apparently no longer young. He is about 40 years old. On May 20, 1859, he awaits the arrival of Arkady, his son, who has just completed his studies at the university. Nikolai Petrovich is waiting for him at the inn.
Kirsanov was the son of a general, however military career intended for him did not take place. The fact is that this hero broke his leg while still a young man. For the whole later life he remained "little". Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich married early. His wife was the daughter of an obscure official. In marriage, the landowner was happy. However, to great grief Nikolai Petrovich, in 1847 his wife died. After that, he devoted all his time and energy to raising his son. He even lived with him in St. Petersburg and tried to make friends with the students and comrades of Arkady. IN Lately Kirsanov actively engaged in the transformation of the estate.
Arkady brings his friend to the estate
Here, finally, there is a meeting between Nikolai Petrovich and Arkady in a work, the author of which is Turgenev ("Fathers and Sons"). However, Arkady does not arrive alone. Along with him is a self-confident, tall and ugly young man. This is a novice doctor who agreed to stay with the Kirsanovs for some time. His name is Bazarov Evgeny Vasilyevich.
At first, the conversation between father and son does not stick (Chapter 5). Nikolai Kirsanov is embarrassed by Fenechka. He keeps this girl with him and has a child from her. His son tries to smooth over the awkwardness with a condescending tone, which jars Kirsanov a little.
Pavel Petrovich is waiting for them at home. This is the elder brother of Nikolai Petrovich. Mutual antipathy immediately arises between him and Bazarov. But the servants and yard boys willingly obey the arriving guest, although he does not intend to seek their favor.
Verbal skirmish between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov
Between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov the next day there is a verbal skirmish (Chapter 6). Kirsanov becomes the initiator of the skirmish. Yevgeny Vasilievich does not intend to argue with him, but nevertheless expresses his opinion on the main issues of his convictions. According to him, people strive for the goal, because they experience "feelings" and want to achieve "benefit". Evgeny Bazarov is convinced that chemistry is much more important than art. As for science, the most important thing in it is the practical result. Bazarov is even proud of the fact that he lacks artistic taste. He believes that there is no need to study the psychology of some individual person. In order to judge the entire human race, one copy is enough. Bazarov mercilessly denies any "decrees" in everyday life. He has a high opinion of his abilities, but Evgeny Vasilyevich assigns a non-creative role to his generation. He talks about the need to "clear up space" first.
The story of the youth of Pavel Petrovich
"Nihilism", which is promoted by Bazarov and Arkady, who imitates him, seems to Pavel Petrovich to be an unfounded and daring doctrine that exists "in the void." The tension that has arisen between the guest and his father's brother is trying to smooth out Arkady. To do this, he tells his friend the life story of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov (Chapter 7). This man was a promising and brilliant officer in his youth. He was very liked by women. Once Pavel Petrovich met Princess R., socialite. Passion for this woman changed Kirsanov's whole life. When their romance ended, Pavel Petrovich felt completely devastated. He retains from his past life only sophistication of manners and costume, as well as a love for everything English.
Pavel Petrovich's new attack, Nikolai Kirsanov's position
Bazarov's behavior and views irritate Pavel Petrovich very much. He begins to attack Yevgeny Vasilyevich again. However, he condescendingly and quite easily breaks all Kirsanov's arguments aimed at protecting existing traditions. Nikolai Petrovich is trying to soften the dispute that has begun, however, he cannot fully agree with Bazarov's such radical convictions. Nevertheless, Nikolai Kirsanov convinces himself that he and his brother are behind the times.
Meeting of Arkady and Evgeny with Sitnikov and Kukshina
Arkady and Bazarov go to one provincial city(12 chapter). Here they meet with Sitnikov, the offspring of a farmer, who considers himself a "student" of Yevgeny Vasilyevich. Sitnikov introduces them to Kukshina, an "emancipated" lady. Both of them consider themselves "progressives" who reject all authority. Sitnikov and Kukshina, following the fashion, tend to show "free-thinking". Both of them do not know how and do not know anything, but in their "nihilism" they leave behind both Bazarov and Arkady. Evgeny Vasilyevich frankly despises Sitnikov, and when visiting Kukshina he mainly deals in champagne.
Acquaintance of Evgeny with Odintsova
Turgenev ("Fathers and Sons") further tells us how Arkady introduces his friend to Odintsova (chapter 14). This rich, beautiful and young widow. Yevgeny Vasilyevich is immediately interested in her. His interest in this woman is not at all platonic. Regarding her, he cynically declares to Arkady Kirsanov that "there is a profit ...".
Kirsanov believes that he is in love with the widow. However, Arkady has this feeling feigned. But between Evgeny Vasilyevich and Odintsova, mutual attraction is established. The widow invites friends to stay with her for a while.
Friends visiting Odintsova
Guests in the house of this woman (her name is Anna Sergeevna) get acquainted with Katya, her younger sister. The girl is stiff. Yevgeny Bazarov also feels uncomfortable. He "looks angrily" and begins to get annoyed when visiting Odintsova. Arkady also suffers ("Fathers and Sons"). He finds solace by talking to Katya.
The feeling that Anna Sergeevna inspired Bazarov is new to him. This man, who despised any manifestations of "romanticism", unexpectedly realizes that a "romantic" is hiding in him. Eugene explains with Odintsova (chapter 18). She does not immediately escape from his embrace. On reflection, accept fatal decision Odintsov. "Fathers and Sons" would have continued with completely different events if she had accepted Bazarov's love. However, Odintsova decides that "peace" is the most precious thing for her.
Departure of Bazarov, life with parents
Bazarov, not wanting to become a slave of passion, leaves for his father. He lives nearby and works county doctor. Odintsova does not want to keep Evgeny. Bazarov on the road reflects on what happened. He says that letting a woman take over is the worst thing that can happen.
Arriving home, Eugene is faced with the fact that his mother and father cannot breathe on their beloved son. He is bored in home. He leaves his parents in a few days. Bazarov decides to return to the Kirsanovs' estate.
Yevgeny's return to the Kirsanovs' estate, episode with Fenechka
Here, out of boredom and heat, Eugene draws attention to Fenechka, beloved by Nikolai Petrovich (chapter 23). Finding this girl alone, he kisses her hard. Pavel Petrovich becomes an accidental witness to this scene. He is outraged to the depths of the soul by the act of Yevgeny Bazarov. In particular, Pavel Kirsanov is indignant because he finds some similarity between Fenechka and Princess R.
Duel of Pavel Petrovich with Bazarov
Pavel Petrovich, in accordance with his moral convictions, decides to challenge Yevgeny Vasilyevich to a duel (chapter 24). Bazarov, feeling awkward and realizing that he is forced to give up his own principles, agrees. He believes that the duel is absurd in theoretical terms, but in practical terms it is a completely different matter.
As a result of the duel, Bazarov easily injures Pavel Petrovich and himself provides him with first aid. Pavel Kirsanov ("Fathers and Sons") is very dignified. Pavel Petrovich even tries to make fun of himself. However, both he and Bazarov are embarrassed at the same time. real reason they decided to hide the duel from Nikolai Petrovich. He in this situation also behaves nobly. He finds an excuse for both opponents.
After the duel, Pavel Petrovich, who had previously objected to the wedding of his brother and Fenechka, begins to persuade Kirsanov to propose to her.
The development of the love line of the novel, the departure of Bazarov
Love in "Fathers and Sons" is one of central themes. Let's talk about how this line developed after the duel. Arkady is getting closer and closer to Katya. Mutual understanding is established between them. Katya notices that Yevgeny Bazarov is a stranger to them, since they are "tame", and he is "predatory".
Evgeny Vasilyevich, who lost last hope to the reciprocity of Anna Sergeevna, steps over himself and decisively parted with Odintsova and Arkady (chapter 26). Saying goodbye, Bazarov says ex friend that he is a "glorious fellow", but a "liberal barich". Kirsanov is upset, but soon finds solace in communicating with Katya. He confesses his love to her and is convinced of reciprocity.
Eugene's life in the parental home, infection and death
Yevgeny Bazarov returns to his parents' house and tries to devote all his time to work in order to forget about his love for Odintsova. However, after a few days, the passion for work disappears. It is replaced by "deaf anxiety" and "dreary boredom". Yevgeny Bazarov tries to talk to the peasants, but finds nothing in their heads but stupidity. But even the peasants treat Yevgeny Vasilyevich only as a "pea jester."
Bazarov, opening the corpse of a typhoid patient, injures his finger, resulting in blood poisoning (chapter 27). A few days later, he tells his father that his days are numbered. Bazarov, before dying, asks Anna Sergeevna to come to say goodbye to him. Eugene reminds the woman of his love and notices that all his proud thoughts, like his feelings for her, have gone to dust. Bazarov bitterly notes that Russia does not need him. All she needs is a tailor, a shoemaker, a butcher...
After Yevgeny Vasilyevich is given communion at the insistence of his parents, the author notes that a "shudder of horror" was reflected on his "dead face".
The wedding of two couples, the further fate of the heroes
6 months pass. In a small village church, two couples are getting married: Nikolai Kirsanov with Fenechka and Arkady with Katya (chapter 28). Everyone is happy, but there was something artificial in this mood, as if everyone had agreed to play an "innocent comedy."
Arkady eventually becomes the father of a family and a hardworking owner. After some time, the Kirsanov estate begins to bring in a good income thanks to his efforts. IN family life and the management of the estate finds the meaning of life Arkady. "Fathers and Sons" continues with a description of the fate of Nikolai Petrovich. He becomes Nikolai Kirsanov actively working in the public arena, which is very suitable for his nature. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich moved to Dresden. The author notes that "life is hard for him", although he still looks like a gentleman.
Kukshina is located in Heidelberg. She hangs out with students, is fond of architecture. According to her, she discovered some new laws in it. As for Sitnikov, he married a princess. The wife pushes them around. According to him own opinion, he "continues" the work of Yevgeny Bazarov, working as a publicist in a dark magazine.
The final episode of the work
Let's move on to the description of the final scene, which completes the brief retelling. "Fathers and Sons" chapter by chapter cannot be stated without including in the story this episode from the last, 28th chapter. Although in the development of the plot he big role does not play, it is very important for understanding the author's intention. No wonder Turgenev included him in his novel, and we - in a brief retelling ("Fathers and Sons"). Chapter by chapter, the outlined plot of the work allows us to fully understand this particular scene.
Decrepit old men often come to the grave of Eugene. They weep bitterly and pray to God to rest his soul. Concluding the work, the author describes the flowers growing on the grave mound. Ivan Sergeevich notices that they remind everyone living not only of the indifference and tranquility of nature. Flowers tell us about endless life and eternal reconciliation. Thus, "Fathers and Sons" is a story with a life-affirming ending.
We offer now to get to know the heroes of the work better. Below is their description.
"Fathers and Sons": Characteristics of the Characters
Bazarov Evgeny Vasilyevich - student, nihilist, novice physician. Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the central character. In his nihilism, he is Arkady's mentor. This hero opposes the liberal ideas that the Kirsanov brothers represent in the novel, as well as the conservative views of his own parents. Yevgeny Bazarov - raznochinets, revolutionary democrat. By the end of the work, he falls in love with Odintsova, after which he changes his nihilistic views regarding love feeling. Passion for Odintsova becomes serious test for Bazarov. At the end of the work, he dies as a result of blood poisoning received during
Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich - liberal, landowner, widower, father of Arkady. He loves poetry and music. This character is interested in modern progressive ideas, including new ways of doing things. Agriculture. The author notes that at the beginning of the work he is ashamed of his feelings for Fenechka from common people. However, at the end of the novel, he decides to marry her.
The elder brother of Nikolai is Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich. "Fathers and Sons" is a work that cannot be imagined without this hero. This is a self-confident and proud aristocrat, a retired officer, an ardent supporter of liberalism. He often argues with Yevgeny Vasilyevich about nature, love, science, art, aristocracy. Alone Pavel Petrovich. "Fathers and Sons" is a novel in which the author introduces us to the years of his youth. In his youth, he experienced a tragic passion for Princess R. Pavel Kirsanov sees in Fenechka the features of his beloved. He harbors hatred for Bazarov and decides to challenge him to a duel. During the duel, he is slightly injured.
A friend of Bazarov is Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov. "Fathers and Sons" begins with his return to parental home after graduating from Saint Petersburg University. Under the influence of his friend, this hero becomes a nihilist, but then decides to abandon this worldview.
Bazarov Vasily Ivanovich - Evgeny's father. This is a poor retired army surgeon. He manages the estate owned by his wife. Vasily Ivanovich is moderately enlightened and educated. He understands that because rural life he was isolated from modern ideas. In general, this hero adheres to conservative views. He loves his son and is quite religious.
Arina Vlasyevna is also very remarkable in the work "Fathers and Sons". The content of the chapters of this work, summarized above, does not allow to form a definite idea about it. Therefore, it is especially important to read the characteristics of Yevgeny Vasilyevich's mother, which this woman is. She owns the village of the Bazarovs. At her disposal are 22 souls of serfs. This woman is pious and very superstitious. In addition, she is sentimentally sensitive and suspicious. Arina Vlasyevna loves Yevgeny and is very worried that he has renounced the faith.
One should also introduce such a character as Anna Sergeevna Odintsova ("Fathers and Sons"). This is a rich widow, with whom Arkady and Eugene stayed. She likes Bazarov, but after his confession, she does not dare to reciprocate.
Lokteva Ekaterina Sergeevna - Odintsova's sister. This is an inconspicuous and quiet girl who loves to play the clavichord. Arkady spends a lot of time in her company, tormented by his love for Anna. However, after a while, he realizes that he loves Katya. Catherine at the end of the work becomes the wife of Arkady.
Fenechka - ordinary girl, who gave birth to a child from Nikolai Petrovich. She lives in the same house with him. In the final chapter, she becomes the wife of Nikolai Petrovich.
Such are the heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons" (the portrait of the author is presented above). Of course, to understand the nature of each of them, it is better to get acquainted with the original work. By the way, it is very interesting to read it - all the heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons" have bright and curious characters. And the main theme of the work - the relationship between generations - is always relevant. It is no coincidence that many in our time like "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of this novel is deep, and the problems that the author poses are eternal.
The episode of the duel plays one of the key roles in the work. It includes the climax and denouement of the conflict that arose between Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. This conflict is not only a confrontation between two people, but also between two generations and their views – “fathers and children”.
The reason for this duel is Kirsanov's hatred towards Bazarov.
At first, Pavel Petrovich despises Bazarov for his nihilistic views. Also, Pavel Petrovich is annoyed and outraged by the behavior of Bazarov. Yevgeny Vasilievich does not consider it his duty to respect Kirsanov just because he is a representative of the aristocracy, and this offends and shocks him. The last straw that overflowed Kirsanov's patience is the kiss of Bazarov and Fenechka in the gazebo. Pavel Petrovich finally gets a worthy reason to challenge his opponent to a duel.
Kirsanov comes to Bazarov's room and offers him a duel. During their conversation, Bazarov, as usual, jokes in a relaxed and ironic way and shows absolutely no fear or uncertainty. But no matter how indifferent he may seem, the feelings in his soul are alive.
Bazarov even begins a letter to his father, and it is his kind of farewell to possible death. And this means that despite the mask of indifference, protagonist loves his parents very much. But still, reason prevails over his feelings, and he tears up this letter. Bazarov confidently and indifferently says to himself that he will be looming in the world for a long time to come. He chooses exactly the word “loom”, and not “live”, because we cannot say that Bazarov really lived - he experienced emotions, loved, rejoiced, was afraid how a common person with your weaknesses. He always refused simple human life for their nihilistic views.
Finally, the next day comes - the day of the duel. On the way to the forest, in which the clash of the two opposing sides will take place, Bazarov is a little nervous and even shudders twice, which again testifies to the emotions of the hero. He is worried, but when meeting with an opponent in a duel, he does not give it away and still continues to joke. Kirsanov still remains serious and does not betray feelings. During the duel, Bazarov wounds Kirsanov and then commits Noble act- and immediately as a doctor rushes to the aid of the wounded. But even in such a situation, pride takes over Kirsanov, and at first he refuses Bazarov's medical help. After a moment, he loses consciousness, and this is strange, because, according to Bazarov, his wound is completely non-serious and cannot cause fainting. Most likely, this is a fright and weakness of nerves and character. After coming to his senses, Kirsanov does not want reconciliation with Bazarov, although he is ashamed of his arrogance, and after returning home, he jokes unusually a lot, especially with Bazarov. At parting before the departure of the protagonist, they coldly shake hands with each other, and this is where their confrontation ends.
Analyzing this episode, we see that Bazarov is in fact the same person as everyone else, even though he wears the mask of an invulnerable and mocking nihilist. And Kirsanov stops bickering with Bazarov. Even though he continues to despise Bazarov, at the same time he develops respect for his opponent.
This episode is inextricably linked with others in the work. It is a logical continuation of the tenth chapter, in which the conflict between Kirsanov and Bazarov begins.
From all of the above, we can conclude that this episode is one of the most important and key in the work. It reflects not only interpersonal conflict but also a conflict between two generations. The ideological meaning of this work lies in the clash of absolutely opposite views.
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) -
"Fathers and Sons"
Duels as a way to resolve conflicts that arise between people of the same circle were adopted by the nobles. The duel entered literature, on the one hand, as part of the noble life of that era, on the other hand, as a technique that helps the writer to aggravate the conflict, bring it to a climax or to a denouement. In the novel "Fathers and Sons" by the time of the duel, the climax in the relationship between the heroes of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich is already behind (Chapter 10, an argument over tea). The role of the duel episode in this work is to show the noble custom as a relic. The duel, like the whole work, is directed "against the nobility as an advanced class."
The episode is saturated with the author's irony from beginning to end. Curiosity is the very reason for the duel, because it was generally accepted either to fight because of " beautiful lady or to wash away an insult inflicted with blood. Here, Pavel Petrovich calls Bazarov because he spied on the innocent kiss of his enemy and Fenechka, to whom, by the way, Pavel Petrovich was not indifferent. For some unknown reason, she reminded him of the woman he loved before. This, undoubtedly, reduces the image of Pavel Petrovich, gives it a comic shade, because the commoner Fenechka is no match for the mysterious Princess R.
Why does Bazarov accept the challenge? He believes that "from a theoretical point of view, a duel is absurd, but from a practical point of view, it is another matter." By agreeing to follow an outdated aristocratic custom, he thereby destroys nihilistic idea. Throughout the novel, the author forces Bazarov to violate the commandments of nihilism.
At the outset of the episode, Bazarov is in a stalemate, because the enemy made a challenge with a heavy cane in his hands. At the thought of a possible insult, "all his pride rose on its hind legs." The absurdity and comicality of this scene is emphasized by the words of Bazarov: “How beautiful and how stupid! What a comedy broke off! smart dogs so on hind legs are dancing."
Having accepted the challenge, Bazarov may feel the proximity of death. On the evening before the fight, he even starts a letter to his father, but leaves it with the thought: “I will loom in this world for a long time.” The word "looming" reflects state of mind a hero who is going through a crisis after breaking up with Odintsova.
Turgenev again deviates from the image of a duel accepted in Russian literature. The participants in the duel traditionally summed up their lives (Onegin, Pechorin). For Bazarov, the time of comprehension of the life lived will be a dying illness, and not a duel.
So it was "a glorious, fresh morning." Turgenev draws nature with great skill before the duel. It does not depend on the events taking place around, but remains invariably beautiful. With this picture, the writer once again emphasizes the idea that everything acutely political, momentary fades into the background before the eternal. “No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious heart hides in the grave, flowers ... speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life,” it will be written at the end of the novel.
And on this beautiful morning, Bazarov, together with Peter, goes to the appointed place. Along the way, they meet a peasant, whose appearance once again sets off the senselessness of the duel: “This one also got up early, yes, at least, on business, and we?”
Pavel Petrovich tries to fulfill all the rules and formalities of the duel. On the contrary, in every action of Bazarov. there is irony about these formalities ("I will measure steps" because "my legs are longer"). He mocks all the actions and words of Pavel Petrovich. When he offers to “please choose” pistols, he replies: “I deign!” Even the appointment of Peter as a second is another way to make fun of Pavel Petrovich.
The culmination of this episode is the wounding of Pavel Petrovich. Even in this “tragic” moment, the author does not leave an ironic tone with which he announces the appearance of a trickle of blood on his white dandy pantaloons - how “beautiful”! Although the wound is not serious, Pavel Petrovich loses consciousness. By this, the writer emphasizes his weakness. The escape of the second looks comical: “Peter! come here; Peter! Where did you hide?
After being wounded, Bazarov shows his best qualities by helping your former enemy. “Now I am no longer a duelist, but a doctor,” says Bazarov, and one can feel relief in his words that he has finally got rid of the role of “duelist” imposed on him.
The duel scene is framed by the appearance of a man with a horse, important not only in composition, but also in ideological sense, emphasizing the contrast between the people and both heroes.
The episode of the duel ends with the departure of the protagonist. It becomes clear that the duel did not resolve the conflict between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov, between "fathers and children", but only formally reconciled them. “Pavel Petrovich shook hands with him,” “but Bazarov remained as cold as ice. He understood that Pavel Petrovich wanted to be "generous."
Central characters In the novel Fathers and Sons, Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov are antipodes, although there is something in common between them: both are proud, categorical, while they are decent, sincere and attractive in their own way. All this, as well as the abyss that separates them, we see both in the duel episode and in other episodes.
Ideological duel of Bazarov and Kirsanov (based on Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons")
The novel "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861 by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. This novel shows the relationship of generations in a special historical period- on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At this time, Russia is divided into two ideological and political camps. The conflict of generations acquires a particularly acute character: “fathers” and “children” turn out to be irreconcilable ideological rivals. The main representatives of the warring camps in the novel are Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov (“fathers”) and Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov (“children”).
In Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an aristocrat is immediately guessed. He is always carefully shaved, perfumed, dressed. Even while living in the countryside, Pavel retains his secular habits. He comes out to meet guests dressed in “a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots.” Turgenev emphasizes the beauty of Pavel Petrovich's face: "His face ... unusually correct and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty."
In Bazarov, one feels a man from the people. He does not look after his appearance, wears "hanging sideburns sand color” and “a long hoodie with tassels.” There is no particular beauty in his face, it is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large greenish eyes ... it was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence.”
Turgenev pays special attention to the hands of these characters. Bazarov arrives without gloves and holds out to Nikolai Petrovich a “naked red hand”, which speaks of a habit of hard work. And Pavel Petrovich holds out Arkady " beautiful hand with long pink nails." With Bazarov, the aristocrat avoids shaking hands, immediately feeling an ideological enemy in him.
Bazarov does not like Pavel Petrovich. He ridicules his aristocracy, secular habits: “Yes, I will spoil them, these county aristocrats! After all, this is all pride, lion's habits, fatness. Arkady is trying to somehow protect his uncle, telling Yevgeny the story of the unhappy love of Pavel and Princess R. But Bazarov scoffs at this too: “No, brother, this is all licentiousness, emptiness, romanticism ... rot, art.”
This mutual rejection of the characters develops into an ideological conflict.
Pavel Petrovich considers himself advanced man. He adheres to liberal views, supports the upcoming reforms. Therefore, he is very surprised when young people do not take his ideas seriously and call him an “archaic phenomenon”. As soon as Pavel learns that Arkady's friend is a nihilist, he has a desire to challenge this nihilist to a dispute. But, unfortunately for Pavel Petrovich, Evgeny does not like verbal debate and brushes them off like an annoying fly. For Bazarov, the main thing is to take actions that are beneficial, and everything else is a waste of time.
Still, Pavel Petrovich manages to challenge Bazarov twice. But for the first time, he is lost from the categoricalness of Bazarov. Kirsanov, trying to offend the nihilist, declares that he gives more preference to German scientists than Russian ones. But Bazarov retorts with the fact that it does not matter to him nationality, he does not recognize any authorities: “But why should I recognize them? … They will tell me the case, I will agree, that’s all.” Bazarov generally rejected all art: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet." With this step of his, Evgeny Vasilyevich puzzled Pavel Petrovich.
The decisive “ideological duel” took place a few days later. Bazarov dismissively treated one of the neighboring landowners, calling him “rubbish, aristocratic,” which seriously offended the feelings of Pavel Petrovich, who considered himself an aristocrat. Kirsanov begins to prove that the aristocrats are the stronghold of world liberalism, they support the “principles” on which society is based. But Bazarov rejects all these judgments at once. He considers all aristocrats idlers: “... You respect yourself and sit back; what good is it for the bien public?” Pavel is trying to name some foundations of society: progress, liberalism. But Yevgeny Vasilyevich rudely denies everything: “At the present time, denial is most useful of all - we deny it.” “You deny everything, or, to be more precise, you destroy everything ... Why, you need to build,” Pavel Petrovich is surprised. But even to this, the nihilist has an answer that, they say, this is not his business, “first you need to clear the place.”
The opinions of two generations regarding the Russian people also do not coincide. Pavel Petrovich begins to prove that "the Russian people are not like that", "he honors traditions, he is patriarchal." Bazarov contemptuously declares that the people "deserve contempt."
A complete misunderstanding of the "fathers" and "children" is also manifested in their views on art. "Fathers" read Pushkin, play the cello. Yevgeny Vasilievich denies art itself: “Raphael is not worth a penny,” which irritates Kirsanov. The aristocrat believes that such "nihilists" are not needed at all.
This is where the “ideological duel” of “fathers” and “children” ends. And only in the second part of the novel, the ideological intransigence between the characters turns into a real duel.
I believe that in these “ideological” debates, Turgenev still gives his preference to the “fathers”. However, he sees that, unfortunately, the aristocrats do not go beyond empty talk. Despite the fact that the writer does not agree with the "denial" of Bazarov, he portrayed him as active, strong, intelligent and educated person seeking to benefit the Fatherland. The duel of heroes, although it is portrayed somewhat comically, as an anachronism, one can also see a prophecy in it: ideological conflicts can turn into bloodshed.
