Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin *, known to us under the pseudonym Mamin-Sibiryak, was born on November 6, 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant (now the village of Visim near Nizhny Tagil). Mom's were hereditary priests. Father, Narkis Matveyevich Mamin, served as rector at the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Visim. At the same time, together with his wife, he taught at the local parochial school, but at the same time he was a member of the Ural Society of Natural Science Lovers. The mother of the future writer, nee Anna Semyonovna Stepanova, is the daughter of a deacon. Dmitry became the second child of 4 children of the Mamins, he had 2 more brothers and 1 sister.
Mitya received home education, then studied at the Visim school for the children of workers.
Parents wanted their son to follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. Therefore, in 1866 they sent the boy to Yekaterinburg religious school. He stayed there until 1868, then moved to the Perm Theological Seminary. In Perm, the young man became interested in literature.
In the spring of 1871, the young man left for St. Petersburg and entered the Medical and Surgical Academy, the veterinary department, later transferred to the medical one. After 3 years, Mamin signed up for the natural faculty of St. Petersburg University, where he studied for another 2 years. But this was not the end of his studies. Since 1876, the young man studied at the law faculty of the university, however, he did not complete this course, he was forced to interrupt his studies due to financial difficulties and sharp deterioration health - Dmitry was diagnosed with tuberculosis. The disease was taken over initial stage which made him completely cured.
All Petersburg years Dmitry wrote short reports and stories for the capital's newspapers. Moreover, it began to be published already in 1872.
In 1877, Dmitry Narkisovich returned to his parents in Nizhnyaya Salda, where they then lived. In the summer of the same year, at a picnic, a young man met the wife of a local engineer, a 30-year-old mother of 3 children, Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva. Dmitry fell in love. The woman reciprocated. The romance began.
Maria Yakimovna was a fairly wealthy lady, her father held a high post at the Demidov factories. In 1878, a woman left her husband and, under the pretext that she intended to give her children a good education, bought herself a house in Yekaterinburg and moved there with her two sons and daughter. At the same time, Dmitry Narkisovich also moved to her, since Mom's father died and no one could prevent fornication. A little later, the entire Mamin family moved to Yekaterinburg. Maria Yakimovna and Dmitry Narkisovich lived in sin for 12 years. Alekseeva became the lover's first adviser in his work. It was in those years that Mamin wrote great romance"Privalovsky millions".
Dmitry Narkisovich traveled a lot in the Urals, studied literature on history, economics, and ethnography. He earned a living by journalism, but basically Maria Yakimovna supported him. In 1881-1882, the writer published a series of travel essays "From the Urals to Moscow" and published them in the capital's publications under the pseudonym D. Sibiryak. The pseudonym automatically joined the author's surname and the writer Mamin-Sibiryak turned out.
In 1883, the journal Delo published the Privalov Millions. A second novel, The Mountain Nest, soon followed. After his release, Dmitry Narkisovich gained fame as an outstanding realist writer. With the fees received, Mamin-Sibiryak bought a house in Yekaterinburg for his mother and brothers.
In the autumn of 1890, Dmitry Narkisovich fell in love with the daughter of the Yekaterinburg photographer Heinrich, Maria Moritsevna Abramova. She was an actress and married to actor Abramov. Maria did not live with her husband and traveled with theater troupes around Russia.
Stormy love story The writer and actress ended in a breakup between Mamin-Sibiryak and Alekseeva and the lovers moved to St. Petersburg. On the eve of the break, the writer managed to publish his third novel, Three Ends, which was dedicated to Alekseeva.
Since the first spouse did not give Abramova a divorce, they lived with Dmitry Narkisovich in an illegal marriage. On April 4, 1892, Maria Moritsevna gave birth to a daughter and died the next day. The girl was called Elena, affectionately - Alyonushka. It was an unfortunate, seriously ill child from birth. Alyonushka suffered from the dance of St. Witta - her face was constantly twitching, there were convulsions.
Dmitry Narkisovich was shocked by the death of his beloved woman. He set himself the goal of raising a sick daughter and dedicated the rest of his life to her.
In 1894, the writer published his first work for children - famous fairy tale « gray neck» about a duck with a broken wing. In the Gray Neck, he saw his own little sick daughter. Created in 1894-1896, "Alyonushka's Tales" finally secured the glory of the great storyteller for Dmitry Narkisovich.
In 1900, the writer legally married for the first time - to the tutor of his daughter, Olga Frantsevna Guvala.
The main trouble for Mamin-Sibiryak was the illegitimate birth of a girl. From the end of 1901, the writer led the fight for her adoption. The father of Alyonushka was the husband of Maria Moritsovna. After receiving his refusal from the child, a trial took place and from March 1902 the girl became the legal daughter of Dmitry Narkisovich.
Of course, all these years, Mamin-Sibiryak did not leave romance, he composed and published the novels "Bread", "Features from the Life of Pepko" and "Shooting Stars". "Ural stories" were very popular. However, all these works did not reach the heights of the "Privalovsky millions", created under the supervision of Maria Yakimovna.
In 1911, the writer had a stroke and was partially paralyzed. Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak died on November 15, 1912 in St. Petersburg. He was buried next to his wife in the graveyard of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. A year and a half later, in the autumn of 1914, his Alyonushka died of transient consumption. The girl found peace next to her parents. In the 1950s, the remains of the Mamin-Sibiryak family were reburied at the Volkovo Cemetery in Leningrad.
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* The surname comes either from Tatar name- Mom's or from Bashkir name- MamIn, so it was originally pronounced with an emphasis on the last syllable - MamIn.
ALENUSHKA'S TALES
E. Permyakov. Alyonushka's fairy tales. Staged.
GRAY NECK
I. Medvedeva, T. Shishova. Gray Neck. Staged.
G. Berezko. Gray neck. Scenario.
Mamin - Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich
(6.11.1852-15.11.1912)
Is in the Urals Small town We hang. He was lost among the mountains and forests, valleys and rivers. Many years ago
November 6, 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant, Verkhotursky district, Perm province, not far from Nizhny Tagil, a boy Mitya was born - Russian writer Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin - Sibiryak. He was the second child in the family.
His parents were simple, kind, honest people. His father, Narkis Matveyevich Mamin, was a poor factory priest. In addition, he taught children at the parochial school and helped sick and poor people in any way he could. The writer spoke of his mother as the ideal of a Russian woman.
Anna Semyonovna, day after day, recorded observations of the life and development of her children. Pets were full-fledged owners in the house along with people: a wonderful Siberian husky dog with a fluffy tail, a red cat with green eyes; a cheerful canary was jumping in a cage, and a smart talking parrot was sitting on a perch. The children took good care of them.
the evening after labor day the whole family got together. Father read aloud the poems and stories of Pushkin and Lermontov, Gogol and Nekrasov, Aksakov; magazines that were subscribed from the capital. The bookcase occupied the most honorable place in the house. In it, the children found travel books. With the heroes of these books, they sailed on stormy seas, overcame rapid rivers, discovered new lands. And when the parents left, the grandmother told the children fairy tales.
Until the age of 14, Mitya stayed at home, studied at the school where his father taught. Mitya grew up brisk, although he was physically weaker than his brother, an inquisitive, diligent student. Dmitry participated in the games of the factory children - they were the children of field workers, miners, peasants, of course, he knew well how his friends live. The father of his friend Kostya Ryabov had a library where they spent a lot of time. And they also loved to walk in their native places, mountains and forests, knew all the paths, often stayed overnight in the forest with the hunters, listened to their fascinating stories.
Mitya retained his attachment to the Urals for the rest of his life. When adults had to leave him, he remembered the lands dear to his heart. “When I feel sad, I am carried away in thought to my native green mountains, it begins to seem to me that the sky is higher and clearer there, and the people are so kind, and I myself become better ...” he wrote many years later.
At the age of 14 (1866), Mitya Mamin entered the religious school in Yekaterinburg. "Bursa" was distinguished by the wild morals of the students, the constant cramming and cruelty of the teachers. Two years of “bursovskaya” studies flew by, and Mitya returned home to his native Urals happy. Dmitry Narkisovich considered these years of his life to be lost, since he had not read a single book.
At the age of 16 (1868), Dmitry Narkisovich entered the Perm Theological Seminary, gradually he realized that he wanted to be a doctor, not a priest.
At the age of 20 (1872), he applied to leave the seminary. That same summer, he leaves for St. Petersburg and enters the veterinary department of the Medico-Surgical Academy. Here he finds himself in a revolutionary student environment. He attends various circles, reads forbidden books. Ideas about the life and needs of ordinary people expanded. Life turned out to be very difficult, I had to save on everything: on an apartment, on dinner, on clothes, on books, on lighting. But still, Dmitry Narkisovich reads a lot and writes a lot. One day, when it was really bad and everything fell out of hand, there was a knock on the door and offered Dmitry Narkisovich to become a reporter in the Russkiy Mir newspaper. From that time on, he could print and not starve to death.
At the age of 22 (1874), he transferred to Faculty of Law, believing that it is better for him as a writer to gain a broader knowledge of social life. But lung disease forced him to leave his studies and leave for his homeland, the Urals. He was happy because he constantly yearned for the Urals.
Life in the Urals 1877-1891
In the spring of 1877 (aged 25), Mamin returned to the Urals, to Verkhnyaya Salda, where the family had moved. In January 1878, the family suffered great sorrow, Narkis Matveevich died, and from that time to Dmitry Narkisovich. I had to take care of the family to help my mother, 2 brothers and sister.
Soon they move to Yekaterinburg.
Dmitry Narkisovich, in order to somehow live, begins to engage in private lessons and soon becomes the most famous tutor in Yekaterinburg. “For five years I gave private lessons twelve hours a day,” the writer recalled. He wrote for popular literary and journalistic St. Petersburg and Moscow magazines.
Since 1882 the second period begins literary activity Mom. Mamin considered himself a "Siberian", since he was born in the Visimo-Shaitansky industrial settlement, located in the Verkhoturye district, and Verkhoturye at the beginning of the eighteenth century was part of the Siberian province. Therefore, the writer chooses a pseudonym for himself - "Siberian". Adding a pseudonym to his name, the writer quickly gained popularity, and the signature Mamin-Sibiryak remained with him forever. Having stayed in his native places for 14 years, he actively travels to his native places, studies the life of people, their way of life and the economy. native land and writes, writes, writes.
At the age of 38 (1890), Dmitry Narkisovich married the artist Maria Maritsevna Abramova, her beauty and artistry impressed the writer.
At the age of 39 (1891) they arrived in St. Petersburg. However, their happiness was short-lived. On March 21, 1892, Maria Maritsevna died from childbirth, leaving her beloved a sickly fragile girl - Elena (affectionately called her Alyonushka).
Love for his daughter opened the soul of a child to him and revealed to the world the creator of immortal works of children's literature.
From 1892 to 1912 D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak created more than one hundred and fifty works for children, after the birth of her daughter. In them, he transferred all the treasured things that had accumulated in his soul: all the unchanging love for nature, for its fabulous beauty, love for all living things that surround a person and live their own special life next to him.
"Alyonushka's Tales" ( 1896), which became a recognized classic of children's literature - a book written by love itself and therefore it will outlive everything else. Fairy tales and stories for children Mamin-Sibiryak began to write in last years life, considering this work "more important than anything else." In addition to the funny and joyful Alyonushka Tales, the writer also has other works for children in which he does not hide the harsh truth of life. How much cruelty and injustice in the world, little readers think "Grey neck", "Wintering on the cold", "Emelya hunter" "Stories and fairy tales for young children" (1895), "Zarnitsa" (1897), "Stories and fairy tales" (1898), "Across the Urals" ( 1899) and others. These books cannot be read and listened to calmly; they evoke a feeling of compassion for the characters. Some critics compare Mamin's fairy tales with Andersen's.
In 1894 he writes a novel-biography "Features from the Life of Pepko" (brilliant novel - a memory of his Petersburg youth).
Dmitry Narkisovich died on November 15, 1912. In our time, the works of Mamin-Sibiryak have become available to the whole people, everyone knows them at a very early age.
D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak (Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin)
25.10.1852 – 02.11.1912
In the village, surrounded on all sides by green, huge, like giants, mountains, standing far from Nizhny Tagil on the very watershed of Europe and Asia, Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin was born on October 25, 1852. Native green mountains, rocky steeps, deep ravines, mountain springs, wonderful mountain air, filled with the aromas of mountain herbs and flowers, and the endless whisper of a hundred-year-old forest... Mamin-Sibiryak, one of the most famous children's writers of our country, spent his childhood and youth in this wonderful atmosphere .
However, despite the surrounding beauty, life in those distant times was not easy. The people who inhabited the village were mostly workers, poverty reigned in society, at times hunger and inhuman working conditions.
The father of the writer Narkis Matveyevich Mamin was a priest. They lived as a family amicably, industriously and modestly. Father stood out noticeably among other clergymen for his breadth of interests, he knew and loved Russian literature. There was a small library in the Mamins' house, with the help of which parents instilled in their children a love and respect for literature.
Probably, environment and love for literature served to ensure that the stories of Mamin-Sibiryak are filled with stunning beauty and love for nature, for ordinary people, to the beautiful and immense Ural region. For people who first encountered the work of Mamin-Sibiryak, it will be pleasant and easy to read his stories, novels and fairy tales. Even during the life of the writer, criticism recognized the undoubtedly bright talent of the writer, deep knowledge Ural reality, depth psychological drawing landscape art...
And how pleasant it is to read the fairy tales of Mamin-Sibiryak, in which the writer prepares the child for the future. adult life, forms in him, through the characters of his fairy tales, a strong and sympathetic personality with the grief of his neighbor. You read, and the heart rejoices, warms up, pacifies. Mamin-Sibiryak wrote fairy tales carefully and thoughtfully, according to his deep conviction, a children's book is the foundation on which a person's moral building is built, and how strong this foundation will be depends largely on children's writers. Mamin-Sibiryak created fairy tales for a long time, and now, when the writer was 45 years old (in 1897), the collection "Alyonushka's Tales" was published, which were published annually during the life of the mail writer. This is not surprising, because Mamin-Sibiryak wrote fairy tales for children with meaning, with love and beauty, which is why he gained such a large readership.
On our site you can download fairy tales, short stories and novels by D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak in the formats you need.
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BIOGRAPHY of Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak Prepared by the teacher primary school GBOU secondary school No. 349 of the Krasnogvardeisky district of St. Petersburg Pechenkina Tamara Pavlovna
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Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak 10/25/1852 - 11/02/1912 Russian prose writer and playwright
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Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak (real name Mamin) was born in the factory village of Visimo-Shaitan, Perm province, into the family of a factory priest. Father really wanted Dmitry to follow in his footsteps and devote his life to serving God. Dmitry's family was very enlightened, so he received his first education at home. After that, the boy went to the Visim school for the children of workers. The desire of the parents to send the child along a spiritual path led Dmitry in 1866 to the Yekaterinburg Theological School. There he studied for two years, and then moved to the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872, full course did not finish). Dmitry's extraordinary character can be traced already in these years: he becomes a member of the circle of advanced seminarians, studies the ideas of Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Herzen. While studying at the seminary, Dmitry writes his first stories - not too good yet, but already testifying to literary inclinations.
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In 1872, Dmitry entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy in the veterinary department. Since 1874, he wrote reports for newspapers on the meetings of scientific societies to earn money. In 1876, without graduating from the academy, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. After studying for a year, he was forced to leave the university due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health. In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Dmitry. To educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, he moved to a large Cultural Center Yekaterinburg, where he married Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, who became for him not only his wife and friend, but also an excellent adviser on literary questions. During these years future writer made many trips around the Urals, studied literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, got acquainted with folk life.
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Shortly thereafter, travel essays are published under common name"From the Urals to Moscow". For the first time they are printed by the newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti. The success of Mamin-Sibiryak's prose draws the attention of the publications Delo, Ustoi, Russkaya Mysl, Vestnik Evropy, Otechestvennye Zapiski to it. Then Mamin becomes Mamin-Siberian. He often signed his works pseudonym D. Sibiryak, which Dmitry decided to join his real surname. After the publication of these works, the main motives of Mamin-Sibiryak’s work become noticeable: a unique description of the nature of the Urals, its influence on human life. During this period, Mamin-Sibirian traveled a lot around the Urals, carefully studying the economy, history, and ethnography of the region. Communication with local residents, immersion in the original life common people provides a wealth of material for writing.
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In 1883, the writer completed work on his first novel from factory life in the Urals, Privalov's Millions, which had been in the making for ten whole years. The novel first appeared in Delo magazine and received great acclaim. Next year on the pages of the magazine " Domestic notes"publish the novel" Mountain Nest ". This work brought Mamin-Sibiryak fame as a talented realist writer. Scene from the play "Privalovsky millions"
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In 1890 he divorced his first wife, married an artist of the Yekaterinburg drama theater Maria Abramova and moved to St. Petersburg. A year later, Abramova died, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shaken by this death. This tragedy was a very big shock for the writer, with which he could not fully cope until his death. Deep depression was reflected in the letters that Mamin-Sibiryak sends to his relatives during this period.
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Nevertheless, the writer overcomes the shock of the loss and gives maximum attention to his daughter. Creativity at this time is very fruitful, many works for children appear. The cycle of fairy tales "Alyonushka's Tales", written by Mamin-Sibiryak for his daughter, has become one of the best examples of his work. Animals, birds, fish, insects, plants and toys live and talk merrily in them. For example: Komar Komarovich - long nose, Furry Misha - short tail, Brave Hare - long ears - slanting eyes - short tail, Sparrow Vorobeich and Ruff Ershovich. Talking about fun adventures animals and toys, the author skillfully combines fascinating content with useful information, kids learn to observe life, they develop feelings of camaraderie and friendship, modesty and hard work.
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Mamin-Sibiryak took children's literature very seriously. He called the children's book "a living thread" that takes the child out of the nursery and connects with wide world life. Addressing writers, his contemporaries, Mamin-Sibiryak urged them to truthfully tell children about the life and work of the people. He often said that only an honest and sincere book is useful. The works of Mamin-Sibiryak for older children tell about the life and work of workers and peasants of the Urals and Siberia, about the fate of children working in factories, crafts and mines, about young travelers along the picturesque slopes Ural mountains. A wide and varied world, the life of man and nature are revealed to young readers in these works. Readers highly appreciated the story of Mamin-Sibiryak "Emelya the hunter", marked in 1884 with an international prize.
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak (real nameMom ; 1852-1912) - Russian prose writer and playwright.
Born in the family of a priest in the Visimo-Shaitansky Plant, now the village of Visim Sverdlovsk region. He studied at the Perm Theological Seminary (1868-1872). In 1872 he entered the veterinary faculty of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy; without graduating from it, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. In 1877, due to poverty, he was forced to leave his studies and go to the Urals, where he stayed until 1891. Then he lived in St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo. Began to be printed in 1875. The first work "Secrets green forest» is dedicated to the Urals.
From 1882 begins the second period of his literary activity. From the appearance of essays from the mine life "Prospectors" Mamin, who began to sign under the pseudonym Sibiryak, attracts the attention of the public and critics and quickly becomes famous. His Ural stories and essays are published: “At the turn of Asia”, “In stones”, “We all eat bread”, “In thin souls”, “Scrofula”, “Fighters”, “Interpreter at the mines”, “Wild happiness”, "Abba", "On Shikhan", "Bashka", "Thunderstorm", "Blessed" and others. They already clearly outline the author's style: the desire to depict nature and its influence on humans, sensitivity to the changes taking place around. On the one hand, the author depicted majestic nature full of harmony, on the other hand, human troubles, a hard struggle for existence. The signature of Mamin-Sibiryak remained with the writer forever. But many of his things, especially ethnographic articles, he signed with the pseudonyms Bash-Kurt and Onik. In 1883, his first novel from factory life in the Urals appeared: “Privalovsky Millions”. The author characterizes working people, types, figures, new in Russian literature. The second novel - “The Mountain Nest (1884) describes the mining and factory region with different parties. Here Mamin expressed his idea of elemental forces acting blindly in life. A natural continuation of The Mountain Nest is the novel On the Street, where the action takes place in St. Petersburg. It shows the formation of capitalism, accompanied by the breaking of the old way of life, former ideals, ideological vacillations and searches among the intelligentsia. In the novel "Three Ends" (1890), the author tells about the life of schismatics in the Urals.
In 1891, Mamin-Sibiryak finally moved to St. Petersburg. By this time belong his great novel "Bread" (1895) and the story "Brothers Gordeev". With the novel, he completed a series of works depicting Small Motherland, her manners, customs, public life, pre-reform and post-reform life. Many stories are devoted to the same region. Mamin-Sibiryak also acts as a writer about children and for children. His collection "Children's Shadows" had a very big success. Alyonushka's Tales (1894-1896), the stories "Emelya the Hunter" (1884), "Wintering on Studenaya" (1892), "The Gray Neck" (1893) and others were noted for their understanding of child psychology. Mamin-Sibiryak is the author of the novel "Gold", stories and essays "Parental Blood", "Flight", "Forest", "Poison", "Last Treba", "Winch", the collection "About the Masters". He also penned dramatic works, legends, historical stories. Some works are marked by features of naturalism. The author described his first steps in literature, accompanied by bouts of acute need and despair, in the novel Traits from the Life of Pepko (1894). It reveals the writer's worldview, the principles of his faith, views, ideas; altruism side by side with disgust for human malevolence, for brute force, pessimism - with love for life and longing for its imperfections.
The artistic talent of Mamin-Sibiryak was highly appreciated by N. S. Leskov (1831-1895), A. P. Chekhov (1860-1904), I. A. Bunin (1870-1953).
