Museum of Local Lore named after N.I. Grodekov is one of the oldest museums in the city of Khabarovsk and the entire region. The Regional Museum was founded in April 1894. The main initiator of its creation was the Amur Governor-General, the first chairman of the Amur Department of the Imperial Russian geographical society N. I. Grodekov. At the base this museum and the creation of its collections involved prominent public figures and scientists, local historians and enthusiasts.
By the beginning of the XX century. he became famous museum Amur region. Museum exhibits were exhibited not only in Russian, but also in international exhibitions in Kazan, Novgorod, Paris and Chicago. In 1902, the museum was named after N. Grodekov, who is considered the “true leader and inspirer” of museum work in the Russian Far East.
For more than ten years the museum was headed by eminent writer, traveler, scientist and museum figure V.K. Arseniev, under whose leadership the institution turned into a center of scientific local history of the Russian Far East, and after some time became the leading scientific and educational institution in the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1965, the local history museum was recognized as one of best museums RSFSR.
After 10 years, an extension was made to the main building of the museum, which made it possible to expand the exposition areas. The extension housed the Volochaev Battle panorama, the only one in the Far East and one of three in the country. From 1995 to 1999, the exposition under the name "Nature of the Khabarovsk Territory" was updated in the museum, new expositions appeared. In 1998, the opening of the Archaeological Museum took place in a separate building. In 2000, the N. Grodekov Museum of Local Lore became the winner in the "Window to Russia" competition, after which it was declared the "Museum of the Year" among other provincial museums of the Russian Federation.
In 2008, expositions were opened in the new museum building Children's Museum and the Amur Museum, equipped with the most modern multimedia facilities. In addition, new exhibition halls, workshops and a depository were equipped here.
To date, the museum has more than 418 thousand exhibits. museum exhibits dedicated to the history of the founding and development of the Russian Far East, geology and paleontology of the Amur region, fauna and flora of the Far East, the culture of the indigenous inhabitants of the Amur region, as well as Slavic settlers, the events of the Civil War (1917-1922) in the Far East, etc.
The N. I. Grodekov Museum of Local Lore is one of the oldest museum institutions in the Khabarovsk Territory. The initiative for its creation came from the Amur Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Grodekov, who was also the first chairman of the Amur Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.
In the history of the Far Eastern Territory there were many people, real associates, who often own initiative engaged in the study of these places, built cities here, developed industry, science and culture. One of these people was N. I. Grodekov. The first open scientific institutions, primary schools, real school.
Being a passionate person, the governor-general collected materials on the history and ethnography of this region, purchased paintings, books, old coins with his own money, which then entered the museum treasury, and compiled museum catalogs.
April 1894 is considered the official date of the museum's appearance. Prominent Khabarovsk public figures, local historians, scientists, and enthusiasts also took part in the formation of its collections. At the beginning of the 20th century, this institution was already known throughout the Far East. And its exhibits are exhibited at the most famous museum sites not only in Russia, but also abroad. In 1902, the museum received the name of its founder and inspirer N. I. Grodekov. The regional museum rightfully bore the name of its founder and ideological inspirer, but in 1920 this institution was renamed. And only in 1994 did Grodekov's name reappear on the signboard of the museum.
The name of V. K. Arseniev, writer and public figure, is connected with the development of the regional museum. Under his leadership, the Khabarovsk Museum becomes one of the best among similar institutions in the Far East. In the 30s of the last century, the museum began to reduce the level research work. Not in the best way the years have taken their toll Stalinist repressions, when some specialists were arrested, part of the departments was disbanded, and many unique exhibits began to gather dust in the storerooms.
But the sixties came, and in 1965 the Khabarovsk Regional Museum again became the best such institution in the Far East. Later, the museum expands its area with an addition. The panorama "Battle of Volochaev" was created in it, telling about the final events of the Civil War.
In the eighties of the last century, the museum continued research and development. Employees developed scientific topics, published their work, went to scientific conferences. They participated in archaeological excavations. Major exhibitions were held jointly with scientists from Japan, South Korea, China, USA. At the end of the 20th century, several expositions were updated in the museum, new exhibits appeared.
The year 2000 brought the Khabarovsk regional museum a victory in the competition "Window to Russia", and at the same time it was named the "Museum of the Year" among similar provincial institutions. Over the past few years, it has opened about 80 new exhibitions.
IN last years The museum pleases its visitors with new exhibition halls. The interior has been refurbished. Many expositions are modern facilities multimedia. Today, the museum has more than 400 thousand exhibits that tell about the history, geography, culture of the Far East, Primorye and the Amur region.
In the Khabarovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. N.I. Grodekova I am a frequent visitor. Although, much of what the exhibits tell about, I knew long before visiting it. From childhood, I learned the history, ethnography and nature of the Far East from the books of Vladimir Arsenyev, Nikolai Zadornov, Nikolai Navolochkin, Dmitry Nagishkin, Jhansi Kimonko, Yuri Rytkheu, Vladimir Sanga, Yulia Shestakova, and other writers whom I read then and which I reread with pleasure now . And still I am drawn there - to the temple native history And native nature. Many of my friends who visited Khabarovsk for the first time, I recommended that you definitely visit the museum. And even once the one who visited there on my advice was not disappointed, but on the contrary, expressed only the most positive impressions. And now I want to again, at least virtually, take a walk through its quiet halls, full of great discoveries and great mysteries.
Usually excursions begin with some kind of polio, gradually getting to the present day. The chronology of my story will be chaotic and unsystematic, because I will tell in the order in which I myself saw everything and filmed it on the camera. It would be possible to earn some money on the material and even give it some scientific form but I don't want to get smart. This is just the story of an ordinary visitor.
So, let's begin. First, let's visit the new building, because that's where the ticket office is now located.
This is not a picture. This is a wildlife diorama - a combination of paintings, stuffed animals and scenery from natural materials. 3D graphics (3D format, speaking modern language). Below is a stone capercaillie, a favorite taiga bird:
And try to see the living creatures here. This is a bittern, so it is disguised in nature. Here, too, a scarecrow is real, the grass is real, only the background drawn: 
Amur tiger. Stuffed tiger and eagle three-dimensional. The cliff on which the tiger lies, if my memory serves me right, is lined with natural stone: 
There are many such dioramas in the new building of the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore. I hurried and didn't take a picture of everything I wanted, which I now regret. But I won’t post everything that I shot either, in order to leave at least a little intrigue, so we move on to the next room. There is a large aquarium here, in which the rarest, as well as the most characteristic fish of the Amur swim freely. Perhaps these are the only living exhibits in the museum: 
Interesting section of minerals. There are heavy pieces of quartz interspersed with gold. Or, for example, a gold-bearing clod of clay that will lie on the road, and as you pass by, you will kick it and you won’t even think that this nondescript piece of dry land contains some kind of value. Very interesting exhibits, I wanted to take a picture of them, but then I thought: "And what will I see in the photo? A gray inconspicuous breed that no one will be interested in looking at?" For the same reason, I did not begin to remove pieces of petrified trees. Well, stone and stone are shapeless and unprepossessing, of which there are plenty in any career. But no - it's not a stone at all, but a piece of relic fern. I photographed only a corner with meteorites. Whenever I look at them, I think: "How many millions of light years did this unknown substance overcome before it fell on our sinful Earth!" You can see through a microscope lunar soil. I watched. And again - the earth is like the earth ... Apparently geology is not my element ... 
There were all kinds of bones and parts of the skeletons of dinosaurs and mammoths in the new building, but I got carried away and forgot to photograph them. In the same place, among all this "Mesozoic" and modern wildlife, there is a small department dedicated to the Second World War. Here is what I found there among other things: 
About modern digital technologies back then, even science fiction writers were not yet written in books. Now, of course, the process of photographing has been greatly simplified, and at all stages - from shooting to obtaining the original image. And quite recently, Polaroid (with its small, unprepossessing, but instant photo) seemed like a miracle.
This is where our tour of the new building ends (there are not so many exhibition halls in it) and we move on to the old building. He greets us with such a wonderful view: 
How rich and diverse the nature of the Far East is, the museum exposition dedicated to it is just as diverse. One collection of butterflies is worth: 
Here, as well as in the new building, there are also minerals and bones of ancient animals, for example, such as these remains of mammoths and buffaloes brought from Yakutia: 
Much attention is paid to the researchers of the Far East: 
And these are already genuine things of V.K. Arseniev: a compass and glasses, once presented to the guides. On the right in the photo is the house in which the traveler and writer lived. Unfortunately, this house has not been preserved, in its place is now the Intourist Hotel: 
On the second floor of the old building is one of my favorite departments of the museum - ethnographic. It contains huge collection objects that give an idea of the life and culture of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region. In this room - traditional clothing each of the nationalities 
Ask, what's so interesting about it? And tell me, for example, what is this holiday robe made of? Cotton, linen, nylon?.. But no. It is made from fish skin. Believe it or not. 
There are also jackets, mittens, shoes made of fish skin. I read about such clothes in books and I always wanted to see how they look. I thought it would be something very exotic, but fish skin turned out to be the most ordinary material. You just need to know the secret of its manufacture.
Here is a life-size birch bark and small copies of dugout Udege watercraft - bat and utungie. In almost every book about the Far Eastern taiga, I met references to these boats, now there is an opportunity to get to know them visually: 
The ethnographic section is large and interesting, and if I had free time, I could easily spend the whole day in it, being surprised later how quickly and imperceptibly the time flew by. Here are traps for fur-bearing animals, spears (palm trees), with which quite recently the inhabitants of the Far East went to bear, arrows, skis, ponies and other hunting equipment. Lots of women's jewelry. There are dioramas of dwellings of one or another nationality. You can’t show everything and you can’t tell everything in one post. But the most unique exhibits in the ethnographic section are big collection wooden sculpture and objects of the shamanic cult of the indigenous peoples of the Far East. The most amazing and impressive of which is this one (here central figure, by the way, with human growth): 
If these spirits really guard the shamans, then they should bring good luck to this diary (everyone saw my nickname?). And here the "lord of the spirits" himself got into the frame, take a closer look at this photo and among the sevens you will see the silhouette of the photographing shaman: 
What are sevens, you ask? These are spirits - shaman's assistants, which materialized in the form of various wooden figures, but sometimes they were made from other materials - from grass, parts of animals (from bones, skins). With the help of these cult figurines, shamans performed various ritual rites and practiced medicine. There were also such "homespun" sevens, like this one, which served to treat tuberculosis: 
Here is also a very interesting exhibit. Ritual objects of the "bear holiday". I had a custom to grow a bear (just like the Slavs raised a piglet), and then, having performed a bunch of necessary ritual manipulations, solemnly eat it with the whole village. Here and special spears with which they killed the poor fellow, dishes: separately for blood, separately for the heart. Ritual pillars for bear skulls. Well, the skulls themselves: 
Before us are legendary exhibits. Two rifles: the lower one is the infantry rifle Berdan No. 2 (model 1870) and the upper one is the hunting Berdan converted from it. In each book about the taiga life of the period late XIX century until the 60-70s of the XX, you will find a mention of some old "worn out" hunting "Berdanka". Also in the photo is a revolver (1916) and a Cossack saber with a scabbard. 
As you probably already noticed, you and I gradually crept up to the halls dedicated to civil war. There was a time in the Far East when in every city, but what is there in the city! - each shop had its own currency. Here I found banknotes of the city of Blagoveshchensk: 
Weapons and equipment of the Red Army: 
And this is already dedicated to the White Guard (by the way, my maternal great-grandfather Ulyan Beregovoy fought in the Far East in the ranks of the White Guards). Typological complex "Harbin hotel": 
Typological complex "Vladivostok Cafe": 
Here is a close-up of the menu on the table of the Vladivostok Cafe: 
If you climb the spiral staircase to the top floor, you can see the panorama. Which is what I did. This place is considered one of the most beautiful in the museum. But my photos, unfortunately, could not convey this beauty, so I did not put them here.
Ericsson telephone (1901). Great-grandfather of Sony Ericsson mobile phones: 
Odner's abacus and adding machine (early 20th century). The same as for us a calculator and a PC: 
Wood loom. Some people still use them in the villages. Yes Yes. What did you think?! And then where did all these thick colorful rugs in the huts of our grandmothers come from? .. 
This is the office I want for my home. And I absolutely do not care that this furniture went out of fashion 100 years ago. Only instead of many small framed photos (on the wall on the left), I would make bookshelves. It seems to me that at such a table one can compose something very important and eternal... 
Somewhere on the transition from floor to floor I found such a stand with Soviet postcards. I have something similar, kept from my mother and grandmother. I did not know that such postcards already have museum value: 
That's all. The walk through the museum halls has come to an end. It was far from a complete tour. Something I did not have time to consider in detail and photograph. I just didn’t talk about something I saw now, so as not to tire you too much. long story. This time I took exactly three hours to visit the museum. And after their expiration, I realized that this is very little. Well, then, there will be a reason to return. Parting with the museum was, as always, a little sad, just as sad as this monkey, huddled around one of its corners, away from people's eyes. But I'll be back. 
P.S. I have a ticket of the autumn 2008 sample (on the left). And this new ticket(on right): 
Khabarovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore - oldest museum cities and regions. The museum was founded on April 19, 1894 on the initiative of the Amur Department of the Russian Geographical Society. Prominent scientists and public figures, enthusiasts and local historians took part in the creation of the museum and the accumulation of collections. The museum's funds include: a collection of flora and fauna of the region, materials on the history of the region in the pre-revolutionary period, materials on the history of Soviet society, and much more. State Museum The Far East was created on April 19, 1894 on the initiative of the Governor General of the Amur Territory N. I. Grodekov, the first chairman of the Amur Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (POIRGO). By the beginning of the 20th century, the Grodekovsky Museum in Khabarovsk had become the leading museum in the Amur region. His collections were presented at Russian and international exhibitions in Novgorod, Kazan, Chicago and Paris.
For more than 10 years (from 1910 to 1919) and (from 1924 to 1925) the museum was headed by V. K. Arseniev - outstanding traveler, scientist and writer, prominent museum figure. During these years, the museum has become a leading regional center in the Far East. As a result of repressions and the restructuring of museum activities on a "socialist" basis, the museum has largely lost its scientific potential. However, while retaining the function of the cultural and educational center of the Khabarovsk Territory, in 1965 it became one of the best museums in the RSFSR.
In 1975, an extension was erected to the main building of the museum, which made it possible to place in it the only panorama in the Far East and one of three in Russia, the Battle of Volochaev panorama, significantly expand the exposition areas and improve the storage conditions for the museum storage of the museum collection. Since 1996, the museum has been holding traditional conferences - "Grodek's Readings", which discuss the problems of studying and preserving the historical, cultural and natural heritage of the Russian Far East. The museum takes part in seminars, conferences in Russia and abroad, publishes scientific and popular science collections.
Unique exhibits
Sea or Steller's cow (skeleton). Commander Islands, before 1768.
The sea cow (cabbage) was described in 1741. Georg Steller, doctor of the expedition of V. Bering. The body length of the cow reached 7.5 meters, weight - 3.5 tons. In her mouth, instead of teeth, there were ribbed horn plates, with the help of which she ground seaweed, her main food. Her meat resembled beef. exterminated to early XIX century. The skeleton of a sea cow was found on the Commander Islands by the Aleut Trifon Sinitsin and brought to the museum in 1897.
Biogroup "Den with a Himalayan bear". Khabarovsk Territory, Vyazemsky District, Podhorenok River Basin.
The lair was located in the trunk of a seaside larch (Larix maritima), in a floodplain forest at the headwaters of the Podhorenok River. Age - 500 years, height - 35 m, diameter at the butt - 176 cm. The hollow was at a height of 18 m above the ground. The entrance to the den was at a height of 22 m. Himalayan bear (Ursus thibetanus), male, weighing 106 kg, of typical color. The lair and the Himalayan bear were caught by the director of the KhKKM V.P. Sysoev on November 12, 1963. The lair was established in the department of nature of the KhKKM in 1964.
The turtle is a gravestone monument to the Jurchen commander Prince Esykuy (1080/1090-1148) with a stele on his back. 1193.
The tombstone of Esykuyu was discovered in 1870 by orientalist Pallady Kafarov near the village of Nikolsky (now the city of Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory). Esykuya burial mound was excavated by F.F. Busse in 1893-94. In 1896, at the initiative of F.F. Busse, a fragment of the monument - a turtle with a stele was donated to the Khabarovsk Museum as a gift from the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory. The stone tomb of Esykuya, the top of the slab with hieroglyphs engraved on it, the granite sculptures of warriors and a lion are kept in the Primorsky State United Museum (Vladivostok).
A set of seven-protectors of the shaman: Mangni, Ni (2) and Nakase (2). Udege (river Kusun, camp Ulengou).
The complex was brought to the museum by V.K. Arseniev in 1911. According to the description of V.K. Arsenieva manni is the main seven in the complex. In a free translation, his name sounds like "hero". He has a saber and a spear in his hands, a sword-knife on his head. Depicted with an empty stomach, the chest and sides are protected by "toli" mirrors. Hands wrapped in snakes. A lizard image is carved on the leg so that the legs are fast. However, the main thing is the image of a frog (toad), without which, according to V.K. Arseniev, this seven would be just a piece of wood. Manni has two assistants - Ni (Udege man). All their strength is concentrated in the knives-swords on their heads. Sacrificial food is placed on the sacrificial stumps, which are also Nakase sevens. When the main sevens of the group "ate" sacrificial food, Nakase watched the world around them, so they have two faces: in front and behind. Protective Sevens stood at the house of the Udege shaman, protecting him from the attacks of evil spirits. This is the only complete cult complex of the Udege sevens that has been preserved in the world.
Information for visitors
Museum opening hours: from 10.00 to 18.00.
Day off - Monday. The last Friday of every month is a sanitary day.
Ticket prices:
Price entrance ticket without excursion - 140 rubles. The cost of an entrance ticket with a guided tour is 160 rubles.
For Russian citizens preferential prices:
Entrance ticket for children from 5 to 7 years old - 20 rubles. Entrance ticket for a student - 25 rubles. Entrance ticket for students of universities and technical schools (subject to availability of documents) - free of charge. Entrance ticket for adults - 50 rubles. Disabled 50% - 25 rubles.
Free admission to the museum:
Pupils of boarding schools, orphanages, orphanages. Children from low-income families. Veterans of war and labor. Conscripts. rehabilitated citizens. Museum staff Russian Federation. Persons under the age of 18 visit the museum free of charge on the fourth Tuesday of every month.
Tour service:
Thematic tour - 20 rub. Sightseeing tour throughout the museum - 30 rubles. Tour of the exhibition - for adults - 15 rubles. - for schoolchildren - 10 rubles. Hiking in the park zone "Listing through the first pages" - 300 rubles. (duration - 45 min.) Walking tour "Old Khabarovsk" along the first street of Khabarovsk and along the main street of the city of Muravyov-Amursky - 400 rubles. (duration - 90 min.). Bus tour "Sights of Khabarovsk" - 1200 rubles. (duration - 135 min.). Tour of the Amur - 600 rubles. (duration - 70 min.). Bus tour "Orthodox Khabarovsk" - 900 rubles. (duration - 135 min.). Bus tour "Center for Rehabilitation of Wild Animals" - 1500 rubles. (duration - 8 hours).
Note: The minimum group for excursions is 25 people
Museum coordinates:
680000, Khabarovsk, st. Shevchenko, 11. Contact. tel. - 31-20-54 - administrator. 31-63-44 - Department of excursions and museum tourism.
Bus routes 4, 9, 14, 60 (Komsomolskaya Square stop); trolleybus route 1, 3 (stop State Museum of the Far East).
The story of the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore. Grodekov, although it will consist of a considerable number of chapters, it will not become comprehensive. An attempt to show even half of the exhibits exhibited in the halls of three buildings museum complex, threatens to turn into an incredibly long process. Therefore, I will limit myself to a very modest number of shots, in the selection being guided mainly by the momentary mood.
By Far Eastern standards, this museum has a very solid history - it was founded back in 1894. True, its expositions were initially located not in the existing first building, but in the premises of the pharmacy warehouse on military grief(now Serysheva street).
However, at the same time, the construction of the museum's own building began, the first stage of which was commissioned in 1896. As far as I know, the existing porch belongs to the second stage and was built two years later.
The lobby is located in the oldest part of the building. However, I will not tell the history of the construction of the museum here - I’d rather leave it to the fourth (final) chapter of the album about, at the very end of which this complex stands.
I will only add that the Museum of Local Lore is open from 10 am to 6 pm, the days off for it are Mondays, as well as the last Friday of each month. I don’t remember the cost of the entrance ticket and permission to take pictures now, but they are very inexpensive.
The main themes of the expositions are the history, ethnography and nature of the Far East. Most I remember very well the exhibits of the old building since childhood, although some changes did take place.
Relief map of the Far East (by the way, the territory of the Far East federal district much larger) already belongs to the past: it depicts another country - the USSR, even the border with China is not the same as it is now.
Skulls and bones of fossil animals are among the first exhibits of the museum, which is easy to judge by the pre-revolutionary inscription "Mammoth Skull". By the way, subsequently the remains of mammoths were found right on the territory of the city. In particular, in 1975 a similar discovery was made during the construction of a pumping station near Washyvochnaya Street (near Khabarovsk-2 station). And a little further towards the village of Gorky, they found the bones of an ancient bison.
Is that his skull? However, I won't bet.
Some of the effigies appear in the composition of dioramas. Here, for example, is a river beaver. These animals were brought to Far East along with Canadian beaver in 1964.
Sable. He was unlucky with fur - he was too to the taste of people deprived of their own natural fur coat.
Sea otter - sea otter. It lives in the coastal waters of the Commander and Kuril Islands, feeding on fish. According to the accompanying plate, sea otter fur is the most expensive in the world, which caused the almost complete predatory extermination of these animals. Meanwhile, the sea otter has been listed in the Red Book since 1925.
By the way, this effigy is already noticeably more than a hundred years old - it is one of the first exhibits of the museum.
Lynx. The insensitive tablet informs not only about the popularity of the fur of this large taiga cat, but also about the edibility of its meat.
The object of commercial hunting is the fox - an inhabitant of the low forests.
Diorama "Cedar-broad-leaved forest". The tiger has killed a wild boar and is protecting its prey from a brown bear, accompanied by its cub.
Himalayan bears. Not so long ago, in the 80s, they sometimes met in the woods near summer cottages south of Khabarovsk. True, I personally did not observe them in the wild, but I was very afraid to pick mushrooms after eyewitness reports of the appearance of furry guests.
This diorama depicts the Okhotsk coast. Her largest character is a male fur seal. In addition, females (on the right), a sea lion cub (on the left) and three birds appear here: the Pacific gull, long-tailed duck and kale.
Moose with his girlfriend.
That's about the animal world for now. If I reach the new (third building) in my story, I will show even more very picturesque dioramas. Well, in the second chapter of the album, I will move on to ethnographic issues - there are photographs of funny exhibits on this subject.
