The purpose of the lesson: to create conditions for the formation of students holistic vision story problems" Sand teacher”.

educational: to acquaint students with the problems, compositional and plot features of the story;
developing: development of logical and figurative thinking; formation of dialogic skills;
educational: on the example of the image main character to form an active life position, civil courage.

Type of lesson: lesson of new knowledge.

Lesson form: dialogue lesson, one academic hour using computer slides.

Interdisciplinary connections: history and literature, fine arts and literature.

Methods and techniques: partial search; visual, verbal, practical.

Equipment: handout: cards for individual tasks, information sheets.

Visual materials: portrait of A.P. Platonov, the text of the story “The Sandy Teacher”, a slide presentation, a reproduction of the painting “Christ in the Desert”.

1. The word of the teacher.

A.P. Platonov’s story “The Sandy Teacher” tells about the life of a young teacher, belonging to a generation of honest, purposeful people who believe in a bright future for people, real enthusiasts of their work, striving to transform the world and devote themselves to building a new life, new relationships between people, between peoples in the era of eradication of illiteracy.

1. How are the qualities of the heroine of the story manifested?

1) Why is the story called “The Sandy Teacher”?
2) What is the composition of the story?
3) What issues are raised in the work?

1. Based on this, how can you formulate the topic of the lesson? ( slide 1)
2. State your goals.
3. Working with an epigraph ( slide 2):

It will be difficult for you, but you have a heart, but your heart and mind will come, and from the mind even the difficult will become easy.

From the collection of fairy tales by A. Platonov

Reading, highlighting the main dialogic pair “heart-mind”

1. To what extent does the story reflect the features of the time?
2. Describe the historical period 1917-1927 ( information sheet 1)

Conclusion: Platonov solves universal human problems rather than specifically historical ones. But he does not abstract from his time, but tries to reveal his understanding of human life in the conditions of his contemporary historical situation.

Analysis of the main problems in the mode of dialogic pairs of A. Platonov's philosophy ( slide 3).

Familiarization of children with the main scheme ( Annex 1).

Make a diagram of dialogic pairs based on premises from the text . (Slide 4).

Text research work.

The events of the story “The Sandy Teacher” take place in the desert. According to a Western European scientist, an expert on Carol's symbols, a person manifests his strongest qualities in the desert. Jesus Christ, according to biblical tradition, went into the wilderness for forty days without food or drink to strengthen his spirit.

Work with the painting “Christ in the Desert” (information sheet 2)

The lyrical hero of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet” is also inspired in the image of Seraphim in the desert:

Spiritual thirst tormented,
In the gloomy desert I dragged myself
And a six-winged seraph
He appeared to me at a crossroads.

Desert image.

1. Follow how the author describes the desert, and how it appears in different time of the year?

• Astrakhan desert and Central Asian desert: what is their difference.
• Reasons for using the terms “landscape”, “salt licks”, “loess dust”, “dunes”
• Role means of expression: comparisons (blazing bonfires shroud - “fire deathly”) epithets of a terrible sky, a hissing wind, “groaning” sand, “smoking tops of dunes”, opaque air filled with sand, a storm in the desert, “when a bright day seems like a gloomy night”.

1. Why scary picture devastating storm in the dead Central Asian desert ends with a description of another land “filled with the ringing of life”, which seemed to the traveler beyond the sea of ​​dunes?
2. What was the desert for the villagers? Why, in the two descriptions of the desert, the first statement does not contain a negative assessment, which is in the second episode.
3. Match the description of the winter desert with the spiritual mood of the heroine.
4. Find and describe the desert, transformed by the efforts of the villagers and the young teacher.
5. Message: picture state of mind heroines:

• at the beginning of the story - “landscape character of the description”
• the soul of the heroine, like a revived steppe, won this struggle.

Spend mini study on the suggested questions and propose the question to another group.

1. hearing individual task (analysis of the image of the main character according to a given scheme) scheme ( slide 5)

At the beginning of the story, we see the heroine and her entourage as follows:

Then her first real sadness comes to her, connected with the collapse of her dream about the future. She comprehends the contradictions of life associated with the difficulties of life in the desert, meeting with the natives, comprehending their truth of life. The heroine changes, meets difficulties, achieves the restoration of the earth

Each student chooses a trajectory along which he builds his progress in the lesson

1. What is deed heroines?

To give your young years and your whole life to the service of people, voluntarily giving up personal happiness.

1. Highlighting “Values” – serving people.

Students highlight their (modern) understanding of this value, as well as that other understanding.

(Paphos and irony.)

1. The work of students in the dialog box “Dialogue with the Hero” ( application 2).

Question: What is the purpose of serving people?

Hypothesis: If a person gives himself entirely to serving people, his life has meaning.

1. Maria realized that it was necessary to help people in the fight against the desert
2. She did not lose all her strength, stamina, and yet she achieved her own goals.
3. She decided to sacrifice herself to save her village.

   11. Answer: The meaning of service to people is selfless performance of work that improves the lives of others.

People like Maria are needed. I recall the words of N.A. Nekrasov:

Mother nature! When would such people
You sometimes did not send to the world -
Life would have died out...

The heroine achieves results, but at what cost?

“I came back as a 70 year old woman, but…”

Suggest a different plot development, for example,

• The heroine does not agree to go on a new feat
• The development of action, the search for a different meaning of “service to humanity”
• Fill in the empty cells of the table.

1. Until the 1970s, visiting teachers worked in schools in our area. They, like the “sand teacher”, were sent to us. Their merit is the education and training of local personnel, familiarization with culture, etc.

Write a mini-essay on the topic “The role of a teacher in the countryside”.

Ilya KOSTIN,
11th grade, school number 1,
Novomoskovsk,
Tula region
(teacher -
Vladislav Sergeevich Grishin)

About the story of A.P. Platonov "Sand teacher"

When you read Andrei Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher", you involuntarily recall the frames of the Japanese film "Woman in the Sands" - an adaptation of the novel of the same name Kobo Abe. In essence, the story is the same story about the struggle of a woman with sandy desert th. But unlike the Japanese woman, who adapts to life in the sands, the heroine of the story - twenty-year-old Maria Naryshkina - is trying with all her might to win over the desert. Man and the elements of nature - this is the theme of the "Sandy Teacher". A short story with a clear rhythm of syntactic constructions, with memorable word images, the author divides into five small chapters. This technique turns the story of Naryshkina, as it were, into a short story about three years her life in the “sandy steppes of the Caspian region”.

Besides, she, Maria Naryshkina? The teacher's daughter, who completed pedagogical courses in Astrakhan, and then was appointed as a teacher "in a distant region - the village of Khoshutovo, on the border with the dead Central Asian desert." Platonov writes that "the desert was her homeland." And yet the heroine was unpleasantly surprised by the landscape and the sudden “desert storm”. “The sun emanated heat from the height of the eerie sky, and the red-hot dunes from a distance seemed like blazing bonfires, among which the crust of solonets whitened like a shroud. And during a sudden desert storm, the sun was dimmed by thick yellowish loess dust, and the wind hissed streams of groaning sand. And then, seeing the miserable Khoshutovo, covered with snowdrifts of sand, knowing the “hard and almost unnecessary work” of the Khoshutins who tried to clear the sandy blockages, Maria Naryshkina decides to start fighting the desert.

Three years later, Khoshutovo was unrecognizable. Plantings turned green, the desert became friendlier, the school "was full not only of children, but also of adults who listened to the teacher's reading about the wisdom of living in the sandy steppe."

And suddenly everything changed. The reason for these unpleasant changes was the nomads who every fifteen years visited Khoshutovo with their herds. “Kochui”, as the Khoshuty people called them, trampled down all the plantings, devastated the wells. In response to the threat of a young teacher to complain, the leader of the nomads says: “Our steppe, young lady. Why did the Russians come? He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal.”

“In the district where Maria Nikiforovna left with a “report”, they explain to her in an accessible way that Khoshutovo will now manage without her, because people here have learned to fight the sands, that another village is waiting for her - Safuta, where nomads live, moving to a settled way of life. It is they who need to be taught the culture of the sands, which will attract the rest of the nomads there, who will stop destroying the landings of Russian settlers. And although Naryshkina thought about the prospect of burying her youth “in the sandy desert among wild nomads and dying in the shelugovy bush”, but, remembering the “smart calm leader, the complex and deep life of the desert tribes, I understood the whole hopeless fate of the two peoples, sandwiched in the sand dunes, and said with satisfaction:

OK. I agree..."

The story ends with meaningful words closed: “You, Maria Nikiforovna, could manage a whole people, not a school ... But the desert - future world, you have nothing to fear, and people will be grateful when a tree grows in the desert ... I wish you all the best.”

But is it possible to expect prosperity in a world that is a desert? There can only be one answer to this question: no.

To readers of the 1920s and 1930s, Platonov told about the meeting of a person face to face with the elements of nature. People of that time probably understood the problem of storytelling in the following way: a person must fight for the humane in a person. This is the way to conquer nature. Nowadays, the story is perceived somewhat differently. The pathos of The Sandy Teacher, covered by the author's irony, is a tragic prediction that has come true.

“Why did the Russians come?” These words are spoken today in many parts of the former fatherland. Modern “nomads” are now a “titular” nation, which quickly forgot that the Russians came not only to teach how to plant trees in the desert (as the heroine of the story does), but also to build cities and build factories. Now people like the “sandy teacher” are no longer needed in the steppes, and the modern leaders of the “nomads” explain to us our uselessness in their countries in almost the same way: “We are not evil, and you are not evil, but there is not enough grass. Someone dies and swears.”

Our stupid Russian idealism, boundless internationalism, for which we are ready to sacrifice our own well-being and even our lives, is also present in the main character of Plato’s story, who promised her boss: “I’ll try to come to you in fifty years as an old woman ... along the forest road. Be healthy - wait!” Thousands of Russians return to their historical homeland along the “forest roads” not after fifty, but after seventy years. And after them words fly by no means of gratitude ...

In vain they say: "There are no prophets in their own country." They are. Among the Russian prophets of the XX century - wonderful writer, thinker A. Platonov.

A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" was written in 1927. The heroine of this story, Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina, is a young teacher who, after graduating from pedagogical courses, ended up in a remote village lost in the sands.
The existence of the villagers is reduced to a constant, exhausting struggle with the sands: “Maria Nikiforovna also saw almost unnecessary work, because the cleared places were again covered with sands, silent poverty and humble despair.”
Platonov divides the short story into five small chapters. This technique turns the story of Naryshkina, as it were, into a short story about three truly heroic years of her life - years filled with work for the benefit of people.
From the first chapter, we learn the background of this young, but such a strong woman. We learn about her calm, cloudless life in parental home, about a father-teacher who doted on his daughter and tried to do everything so that his little Mary had happy childhood, so as not to inadvertently inflict "deep, non-healing scars" on his daughter.
And after completing the courses, Maria plunged into adult life. She was assigned as a teacher in the village of Khoshutovo, located "on the border with the dead Central Asian desert." Platonov writes that the heroine of his story grew up in the sands, "the desert was his homeland." But where this girl comes from, she saw “the sandy steppes of the Caspian region agitated by the lightest breeze, caravans of camels leaving for Persia, tanned merchants.” There was some poetry in it homeland Maria Nikiforovna. To match the harsh nature sandy land that demands the maximum from people vitality, energy, and the character of the heroine - strong, courageous, persistent.
Here, in Khoshutov, the girl saw the "almost unnecessary", meaningless work of the peasants, since the cleared places were again covered with sand; saw "silent poverty and humble despair", completely badlands, hungry children. Naturally, the peasants did not feel any interest in the school: "The strong, cheerful, courageous nature of Naryshkina began to get lost and go out." The school was empty.
The girl understood that "the peasants will go anywhere for those who will help them overcome the sands, and the school stood aside from this local peasant business." And then Maria Nikiforovna (it is symbolic that the author of the story respectfully calls the young girl by name - patronymic, paying tribute to her courage, strong character) decides to take up the fight against the sands. The government refused her real help, only provided her with literature on the culture of the sands.
But the girl did not despair, she led the fight against the sands, studied many books on the sand business. She managed to organize the business in such a way that in a year Khoshutovo was unrecognizable: it was surrounded on all sides by green plantings, a pine nursery; every day the desert became friendlier, greener. And it is strange to realize that this magic, created, however, by human hands, is entirely the merit of a young girl who has barely graduated from the institute, so inexperienced!
When, three years later, the nomads rudely trampled all the greenery, drank all the water in the wells, Maria found the courage to go to the leader of the nomads, go with "young malice" to accuse him of inhumanity and cruelty. Maria Nikiforovna was ready to start all over again: to raise the destroyed village, to revive it to life.
But the girl receives another task, even more difficult: she is offered to go to another village, to Safuta, in order to teach its inhabitants what the peasants from the village of Khoshutova already know how to cultivate sands. The desire to save the peoples, "squeezed in the dunes of the sands," made the heroine say "yes." She remembered the words of the leader of the nomads: “Our steppe, young lady. Why did the Russians come? He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal.”
This smart and noble woman decided to sacrifice herself, her life for the sake of saving the village. Isn't it strength of character to give not just your young years, but your whole life to the service of people, voluntarily renouncing personal happiness? Isn't it strength of character to help those who destroyed your achievements and victories? Even the short-sighted boss recognized this girl's amazing courage: "You, Maria Nikiforovna, could manage a whole people, not a school."
Is it a woman's job to "manage the people"? But it turned out to be within her power, a simple teacher, and most importantly, strong woman. How much has she already achieved? But how many victories she still has to win ... I think a lot. Unwittingly believe in such a person. They can only be proud!

The story of A.P. Platonov "The Sandy Teacher" was created in 1926. For the first time, this work was published in the collection "Epifan Gateways" and in the newspaper "Literary Wednesday" in 1927.

The main idea of ​​the story "The Sandy Teacher" is the problem of the choice faced by the heroine. To achieve some goal, it is necessary to have not only determination, but also the wisdom to come to terms with life's circumstances.

The main character of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is twenty-year-old Maria Naryshkina. At the age of 16, her father took her to the regional capital for pedagogical courses. After 4 years, Maria Nikiforovna was sent as a teacher to the village of Khoshutovo, where the action of the work takes place.

The main problem of the local village was sandstorms. The peasants there were so poor that the children had nothing to wear and they were starving. The kids often missed school. The poor did not have enough food, the children grew thin, rapidly losing interest in learning, and then died.

When two children died in the class, the teacher realized that something had to be changed. She came to the conclusion that the local peasants do not need any other science than that which would help to overcome the unfortunate sands and turn the desert into a living land.

Maria Nikiforovna went to the district to ask for help from a teacher of sand science, but she realized that no one would help except herself. The teacher was able to convince the peasants of the need to plant shrubs that could hold back the sands. After 2 years, green bushes turned green around the irrigated gardens. From the rods of plants, the peasants wove various products that helped to earn extra money. However, in the third year, disaster struck. Once every 15 years, nomads with a thousand horses passed through these places. Soon there was nothing left, no water, no green spaces. But Maria Nikiforovna taught local residents conquer the sands. They will plant green spaces again after the departure of the nomads.

After a while, Maria Naryshkina was transferred to the village of Safuta, so that the settled nomads living there could be trained in the fight against the sands. Before leaving, the teacher is faced with a choice - to give her youth to the fight against the sands in a remote area, or give up and try to arrange her personal life. After all, she is young, and she has neither a husband nor children. But Maria Nikiforovna is going, thereby giving up her personal life for the sake of the public good.

Option 2

The work is one of the first works of the writer relating to fiction expressing the author's creative bright and unusual individuality.

The main character of the story is a young woman Maria Naryshkina, presented by the writer in the form of a twenty-year-old girl who graduated from the Astrakhan teacher training courses and was appointed a teacher to teach children in a remote area, in the village of Khoshutovo, located in the region of the Central Asian desert territories.

The work of a young teacher begins in difficult conditions, as the village feels a total shortage of water balance, necessary for drinking and irrigation, and is constantly attacked by sandstorms, which result in the poverty of the village, as well as the inability of children to attend classes, including in winter from - due to snow storms and the lack of necessary warm clothes and shoes.

Distinguished by her courageous and active nature, Maria decides to organize with the help of the local population the work of turning desert places into living territories. At the same time, having not received support from her own leadership, the girl relies solely on own forces and existing knowledge that helps her in establishing public works for planting green shrubs in the form of shelugi, as well as pine nurseries that can become protection during sandstorms, retaining sand, and conserving snow moisture and blocking the movement of hot wind.

A few years after the start of the fight against the desert, under the leadership of Maria Naryshkina, the village is transformed into a living, green village, while the peasants, using the twigs of overgrown shrubs, have additional income from the sale of wicker baskets, furniture, boxes.

However, soon all the work of fellow villagers is destroyed by the nomads who passed through the village. Maria does not despair and encourages local residents to resume their previous work on planting green plants, and she personally visits the leader of a nomadic tribe with a request to protect their native village from such raids in the future. A conversation between two thinking people leads to a positive result, and the head of the nomads is imbued with sympathy for an active, young and caring woman.

After some time, Maria is transferred to work in a distant village, in which there are nomads who have decided to lead a settled life, where the girl continues the work she started in the form of educating the local population, as well as teaching the culture of life in sandy places. The girl yearns a little for the absence of her own personal life, which she sacrifices for the public good.

The story "The Sandy Teacher" is distinguished by the display in the narrative content of numerous problems in the form of revealing the role of the teacher in human life, images of strong character traits of a fighter against natural elements, as well as questions moral choice a person who has set the goal of his own destiny to sincerely serve people.

Some interesting essays

creative legacy poet, a tragic tenor of his era, is permeated with the beauty and spirituality of his poems, written in the genres of poems, poems, romances, studies, dedications, emphasizing the echoes of longing, despair, inseparable connection man with nature.

The action of Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" takes place in the 1920s in the small Central Asian village of Khoshutovo. Behind the outskirts of the village begins the real desert - ruthless and cold to people.

The idea of ​​the value of knowledge for a person and entire nations is the main idea of ​​the story "The Sandy Teacher". The mission of the main character, teacher Maria Naryshkina, is to bring knowledge. In the conditions where Naryshkina lived, the knowledge and ability to create forest belts, preserve green spaces and plant plants turned out to be vital.

The style of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is very concise. The heroes talk little - in Khoshutov they always talk a little, they save words and strength, because they will still be needed in the fight against the invasion of the sands. The whole story of Maria before she made a fateful decision - to go to work for nomads, for a foreign people, fits the author into several dozen short paragraphs. I would even call the style of the story close to reportage. There are few descriptions of the area in the work, more narration, action.

But the author pays special attention to the feelings and emotions of the characters. They clarify the situation in which the inhabitants of the sand-covered Khoshutovo found themselves better than any description of the landscape. “The old watchman, crazy from silence and loneliness, was delighted with her, as if she had returned to her daughter.” "A sad, slow feeling seized the traveler - Maria Nikiforovna, when she found herself among the deserted sands on the way to Khoshutovo."

Platonov's style is very metaphorical, figurative: "a weak growing heart", "life oozed in the desert." Life in Khoshutov really barely moves, as if water is filtered drop by drop. Here a drop of water is the focus of life itself.

The theme of cultural exchange and mutual understanding between people also occupies one of the central places in the work, Friendliness and the desire to find mutual language With different personalities- these are the values ​​that are proclaimed by the author in the story. After the appearance, and in fact, the raid of nomads, Maria Naryshkina goes to the leader of the tribe to express all her claims to him, dissuade him from destroying their village, spoiling green spaces. The leader of the nomads, having talked with a young woman, is imbued with sympathy for her. She also to him.

But it doesn't give a solution main problem story - how to save the fruits of their labor? How to save the lives of people and the well-being of villages when there is no water, there is not enough grass for everyone? “Someone dies and swears,” says the leader of the tribe. The head of Naryshkina invites her to become a teacher in a nomadic settlement: to teach them to respect other people's work, to cultivate green spaces. Mary becomes the very helping hand that one nation extends to another.

The work also touches on the theme of giving up personal life for the sake of the public good. “Is it possible that youth will have to be buried in the sandy desert among wild nomads?...” - the young teacher thinks. However, remembering "the hopeless fate of the two peoples, squeezed in the vise of the desert," Maria without hesitation decides to go and teach the nomads.