A. Platonov's story " Sand teacher was written in 1927. The heroine of this story, Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina, is a young teacher who, after graduating from pedagogical courses, ended up in a remote village lost in the sands.
The existence of the villagers is reduced to a constant, exhausting struggle with the sands: “Maria Nikiforovna also saw almost unnecessary work, because the cleared places were again covered with sands, silent poverty and humble despair.”
Platonov divides the short story into five small chapters. This technique turns the story of Naryshkina, as it were, into a short story about three truly heroic years of her life - years filled with work for the benefit of people.
From the first chapter, we learn the background of this young, but such a strong woman. We learn about her calm, cloudless life in parental home, about a father-teacher who doted on his daughter and tried to do everything so that his little Mary had happy childhood, so as not to inadvertently inflict "deep, non-healing scars" on his daughter.
And after completing the courses, Maria plunged into adult life. She was assigned as a teacher in the village of Khoshutovo, located "on the border with the dead Central Asian desert." Platonov writes that the heroine of his story grew up in the sands, "the desert was his homeland." But where this girl comes from, she saw “the sandy steppes of the Caspian region agitated by the lightest breeze, caravans of camels leaving for Persia, tanned merchants.” There was some poetry in it homeland Maria Nikiforovna. To match the harsh nature sandy land that demands the maximum from people vitality, energy, and the character of the heroine - strong, courageous, persistent.
Here, in Khoshutov, the girl saw the "almost unnecessary", meaningless work of the peasants, since the cleared places were again covered with sand; saw "silent poverty and humble despair", completely badlands, hungry children. Naturally, the peasants did not feel any interest in the school: "The strong, cheerful, courageous nature of Naryshkina began to get lost and go out." The school was empty.
The girl understood that "the peasants will go anywhere for those who will help them overcome the sands, and the school stood aside from this local peasant business." And then Maria Nikiforovna (it is symbolic that the author of the story respectfully calls the young girl by name - patronymic, paying tribute to her courage, strong character) decides to take up the fight against the sands. The government refused her real help, only provided her with literature on the culture of the sands.
But the girl did not despair, she led the fight against the sands, studied many books on the sand business. She managed to organize the business in such a way that in a year Khoshutovo was unrecognizable: it was surrounded on all sides by green plantings, a pine nursery; every day the desert became friendlier, greener. And it is strange to realize that this magic, created, however, by human hands, is entirely the merit of a young girl who has barely graduated from the institute, so inexperienced!
When, three years later, the nomads rudely trampled all the greenery, drank all the water in the wells, Maria found the courage to go to the leader of the nomads, go with "young malice" to accuse him of inhumanity and cruelty. Maria Nikiforovna was ready to start all over again: to raise the destroyed village, to revive it to life.
But the girl receives another task, even more difficult: she is offered to go to another village, to Safuta, in order to teach its inhabitants what the peasants from the village of Khoshutova already know how to cultivate sands. The desire to save the peoples, "squeezed in the dunes of the sands," made the heroine say "yes." She remembered the words of the leader of the nomads: “Our steppe, young lady. Why did the Russians come? He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal.”
This smart and noble woman decided to sacrifice herself, her life for the sake of saving the village. Isn't it strength of character to give not just your young years, but your whole life to the service of people, voluntarily renouncing personal happiness? Isn't it strength of character to help those who destroyed your achievements and victories? Even the short-sighted boss recognized this girl's amazing courage: "You, Maria Nikiforovna, could manage a whole people, not a school."
Is it a woman's job to "manage the people"? But it turned out to be within her power, a simple teacher, and most importantly, strong woman. How much has she already achieved? But how many victories she still has to win ... I think a lot. Unwittingly believe in such a person. They can only be proud!
Very briefly, the Geography teacher teaches people to fight the sands and survive in the harsh desert.
Twenty-year-old Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina, the teacher's daughter, "has come from a sandy town Astrakhan province"looked like a healthy young man" with strong muscles and firm legs. Naryshkina owed her health not only to good heredity, but also to the fact that her father protected her from the horrors of the Civil War.
Since childhood, Maria was fond of geography. At the age of sixteen, her father took her to Astrakhan for pedagogical courses. Maria studied at the courses for four years, during which her femininity, consciousness blossomed and her attitude to life was determined.
Maria Nikiforovna was assigned as a teacher in the remote village of Khoshutovo, which was "on the border with the dead Central Asian desert." On the way to the village, Maria saw a sandstorm for the first time.
The village of Khoshutovo, where Naryshkina reached on the third day, was completely covered with sand. Every day, the peasants were engaged in hard and almost unnecessary work - they cleared the village of sand, but the cleared places fell asleep again. The villagers were immersed "in silent poverty and humble despair."
The tired, hungry peasant fought many times, worked wildly, but the forces of the desert broke him, and he lost heart, waiting either for someone's miraculous help, or for resettlement to the wet northern lands.
Maria Nikiforovna settled in a room at the school, ordered everything necessary from the city and began to teach. The disciples went wrong - then five will come, then all twenty. With the onset of a harsh winter, the school was completely empty. “The peasants were grieved from poverty,” they were running out of bread. By the New Year, two of Naryshkina's students had died.
The strong nature of Maria Nikiforovna "began to get lost and fade" - she did not know what to do in this village. It was impossible to teach hungry and sick children, and the peasants were indifferent to the school - it was too far from the "local peasant business."
The young teacher came up with the idea that people should be taught how to fight against the sands. With this idea, she went to the department of public education, where she was treated sympathetically, but they did not give a special teacher, they only provided them with books and "advised me to teach the sand business myself."
Returning, Naryshkina with great difficulty persuaded the peasants "to organize voluntary public works every year - a month in spring and a month in autumn." In just a year, Khoshutovo has changed. Under the guidance of the “sandy teacher”, the only plant that grows well on these soils, a shrub that looks like a willow, was planted everywhere.
The strips of shelyuga strengthened the sands, protected the village from the desert winds, increased the yield of herbs and allowed the gardens to be irrigated. Now the inhabitants stoked stoves with bushes, and not with smelly dry manure, from its branches they began to weave baskets and even furniture, which gave additional income.
A little later, Naryshkina took out pine seedlings and planted two planting strips, which protected the crops even better than shrubs. Not only children, but also adults began to go to Maria Nikiforovna's school, learning "the wisdom of life in the sandy steppe."
In the third year, trouble struck the village. Every fifteen years, nomads passed through the village “along their nomadic ring” and collected what the rested steppe gave birth to.
The windless steppe at that hour smoked on the horizon: then thousands of nomad horses galloped and their herds trampled.
Three days later, nothing remained of the three-year labor of the peasants - everything was destroyed and trampled by the horses and cattle of nomads, and people dug wells to the bottom.
The young teacher went to the leader of the nomads. He silently and politely listened to her and replied that the nomads are not evil, but "there is little grass, there are many people and livestock." If there are more people in Khoshutovo, they will drive the nomads "to the steppe to death, and it will be just as fair as it is now."
He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal.
Secretly appreciating the wisdom of the leader, Naryshkina went to the district with a detailed report, but there she was told that Khoshutovo would now do without her. The population already knows how to deal with the sands and, after the departure of the nomads, will be able to further revive the desert.
The head suggested that Maria Nikiforovna transfer to Safuta, a village inhabited by nomads who switched to sedentary life - to teach local residents the science of survival among the sands. By teaching the inhabitants of Safuta the "culture of the sands", you can improve their lives and attract other nomads who will also settle down and stop destroying the plantings around Russian villages.
It was a pity for the teacher to spend her youth in such a wilderness, burying her dreams of a life partner, but she remembered the hopeless fate of the two peoples and agreed. At parting, Naryshkina promised to come in fifty years, but not along the sand, but along a forest road.
Saying goodbye to Naryshkina, the surprised head said that she could manage not the school, but the whole people. He felt sorry for the girl and for some reason ashamed, "but the desert - future world, ‹…› and people will be noble when a tree grows in the desert.”
A young teacher, Maria Nikiforovna, is hired to work in a village near the desert. She is forced to fight the sands in order to win the favor of the inhabitants. The results of her work are not long in coming. The leader of the neighboring village also turns to her for help. The goal of Mary's whole life is to fight the sands of the desert.
The main meaning of the work Sandy teacher Platonova
Purposeful steps will certainly lead to the goal. The main thing is to believe in yourself and fully devote yourself to the cause. Nothing can stop such a person from achieving his goal.
Summary of Platonov - Sandy teacher
The happy childhood of Maria Nikiforovna passed in home. Her father was a teacher and loved the way he wanted to make his daughter happy. Having matured, Maria studied to be a teacher and finally entered into mature life. She becomes a teacher in the village of Khoshutovo. Near the village is the Central Asian desert. The only task of the villagers was to fight against the endless sands of the desert.
All the lands of the village were covered with sand, further complicating the task of the inhabitants. Because of this problem, none of the children have the desire to come to school and learn. Maria Nikiforovna puts all her strength into the fight against the sands. She asks for help from agronomists. They refuse to help her. In return, they give special literature, which describes how to fight against the desert. She decides to handle the task on her own. He studies many books on the subject and organizes plantings of green plants and a pine nursery. These steps significantly improve the condition of the village and make the inhabitants look at the young teacher with different eyes.
Schools are already filled with students different ages who want to learn. This action of the teacher's steps soon loses its effect. After a while the situation changes. Nomads move into the village. Their actions became devastating for the village. They destroyed all the greenery and completely exhausted the water in the wells. Maria is ready for any steps, only to save the result of her labors. She decides to go to the leader of the tribe and ask him to stop destroying and destroying the village, not to destroy the green plantations of the ancients and not to waste too much water. The leader asks the teacher to teach the inhabitants of the village of Safuta to live like the inhabitants of Khoshutovo.
The teacher agrees to teach them how to grow greens in her village. She decides to devote herself completely to the cause and save the inhabitants of both villages from the sands. Maria promises all the villagers to grow a real forest in the place of the desert.
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The problem of finding the meaning of life in Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1) to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher";
2) unleash complexity and richness inner peace heroines, to help students realize the importance of nature and work in the lives of heroes.
Will youth have to be buried in sandy desert among wild nomads and die in the shelugovy bush, considering this half-dead tree in the desert to be the best monument to yourself and the highest glory of life? ..
A. Platonov
During the classes.
Organizing time
A. Platonov's stories, written in the mid-1920s, reflect some features of the writer's biography, the aspirations of his personality and, most importantly, his search for his own poetic system. The purpose of our lesson is to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Let us recall what we know about the fate of the writer.
A student's story about the life of A.P. Platonov with a slide show.
Analysis of the story "Sand teacher".
In the world of Plato's stories of the first period of his work, the destructive forces of nature - drought, tornado, hot sands of the desert, the deadly "garbage wind" - are actively opposed by an unknown hero who is able to patiently live on, preparing with his work "the day when he begins to realize real happiness common life without which there is nothing to do and the heart is ashamed. Such is the heroine of the story "The Sandy Teacher" Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina.
What is the story of Platonov about? Why, in your opinion, did the author call his story "The Sandy Teacher"?
(A. Platonov was especially attracted by the desert with its mystery, its great and resurgent life. main topic works - the fate of a young teacher who devoted herself to serving people.)
What is the significance of the first chapter of the story?
(The first chapter is an exposition. It begins with the life story of Maria Naryshkina. It is important for the author what impressions the heroine has had since childhood, whether she is prepared for future trials. A description of the appearance of the 20-year-old heroine is also given here.)
When does the action start?
(Beginning of action Chapter 2. According to the distribution, Maria ended up in Khoshutovo.)
What is the role of the landscape in this part of the story?
(The landscape sketch at the beginning of chapter 2 makes it possible to understand state of mind heroines. The description of the village, as it were, complements this state.)
How do further events develop in the story?
(In chapter 3, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe work is expressed, the transformation of the desert into living earth. The “Sandy Teacher” voluntarily includes herself in the endless and hopeless life of the peasants of a remote steppe village on the very border with the desert, since she realized that the school can only fulfill its mission when it teaches the main “art of turning the desert into living land” .)
How do you understand the meaning of the metaphor "Turn the desert into a living land"?
(According to the writer, this means not only watering the drying steppe, draining the swamp, planting a forest or garden, but also teaching people creative work, giving them a dream of a different, beautiful and joyful life.)
What are the results of Maria Naryshkina's activities?
(In Chapter 4, we learn how the desert was transformed two years later. A young teacher cheerfully and courageously took up the task of reorganization and, with the help of science, achieved that “in a year Khoshutovo was unrecognizable.”)
What episode can be called the climax?
(The climax of the story is the first part of chapter 5, which describes the invasion of nomads.)
What is, according to the writer, “the hopeless fate of the two peoples?
(The author convinces us that to solve technically everything social problems impossible. It is impossible not to take into account the traditions, the laws by which people lived in these places from time immemorial. Once every 15 years, the path of nomadic tribes passed through the village, and then the settlers died without water and food, destroyed by herds of nomads. It's cruel, but there was no other way. “He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal,” says the leader of the tribe. "We are not evil, and you are not evil, but there is not enough grass.")
What is the denouement of the piece? (The denouement is the decision of the fate of the heroine. Maria Naryshkina goes to Sofutovo to improve the life of the nomads).
Summarizing.
How is the problem of finding the meaning of life solved in the story?
(Bright confidence in the possibility of perfection by a person of the world in which he lives, - main idea story.
How does the author answer the question of Maria Naryshkina, put in the epigraph of our lesson?
(Overcoming self-pity, Maria Naryshkina invests her life in a common cause. She understood and took to heart the “complicated and deep life tribes of the desert, all the hopeless fate of two peoples, squeezed into the sand dunes, ”and calmly and dignifiedly decided her fate).
Homework: Determine character traits time in A. Platonov's story "The Pit" and pick up material from the text.
15
Attached files
The story of A.P. Platonov "The Sandy Teacher" was created in 1926. For the first time this work was published in the collection "Epifan Gateways" and in the newspaper "Literary Wednesday" in 1927.
The main idea of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is the problem of the choice faced by the heroine. To achieve some goal, it is necessary to have not only determination, but also the wisdom to come to terms with life's circumstances.
The main character of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is twenty-year-old Maria Naryshkina. At the age of 16, her father took her to the regional capital for pedagogical courses. After 4 years, Maria Nikiforovna was sent as a teacher to the village of Khoshutovo, where the action of the work takes place.
The main problem of the local village was sandstorms. The peasants there were so poor that the children had nothing to wear and they were starving. The kids often missed school. The poor did not have enough food, the children grew thin, rapidly losing interest in learning, and then died.
When two children died in the class, the teacher realized that something had to be changed. She came to the conclusion that the local peasants do not need any other science than that which would help to overcome the unfortunate sands and turn the desert into a living land.
Maria Nikiforovna went to the district to ask for help from a teacher of sand science, but she realized that no one would help except herself. The teacher was able to convince the peasants of the need to plant shrubs that could hold back the sands. After 2 years, green bushes turned green around the irrigated gardens. From the rods of plants, the peasants wove various products that helped to earn extra money. However, in the third year, disaster struck. Once every 15 years, nomads with a thousand horses passed through these places. Soon there was nothing left, no water, no green spaces. But Maria Nikiforovna taught the locals how to conquer the sands. They will plant green spaces again after the departure of the nomads.
After a while, Maria Naryshkina was transferred to the village of Safuta, so that the settled nomads living there could be trained in the fight against the sands. Before leaving, the teacher is faced with a choice - to give her youth to the fight against the sands in a remote area, or give up and try to arrange her personal life. After all, she is young, and she has neither a husband nor children. But Maria Nikiforovna is going, thereby giving up her personal life for the sake of the public good.
Option 2
The work is one of the first works of the writer relating to fiction expressing the author's creative bright and unusual individuality.
The main character of the story is a young woman Maria Naryshkina, presented by the writer in the form of a twenty-year-old girl who graduated from the Astrakhan teacher training courses and was appointed a teacher to teach children in a remote area, in the village of Khoshutovo, located in the region of the Central Asian desert territories.
The work of a young teacher begins in difficult conditions, as the village feels a total shortage of water balance, necessary for drinking and irrigation, and is constantly attacked by sandstorms, which result in the poverty of the village, as well as the inability of children to attend classes, including in winter from - due to snow storms and the lack of necessary warm clothes and shoes.
Distinguished by her courageous and active nature, Maria decides to organize with the help of the local population the work of turning desert places into living territories. At the same time, having not received support from her own leadership, the girl relies solely on own forces and existing knowledge that helps her in establishing public works for planting green shrubs in the form of shelugi, as well as pine nurseries that can become protection during sandstorms, retaining sand, and conserving snow moisture and blocking the movement of hot wind.
A few years after the start of the fight against the desert, under the leadership of Maria Naryshkina, the village is transformed into a living, green village, while the peasants, using the twigs of overgrown shrubs, have additional income from the sale of wicker baskets, furniture, boxes.
However, soon all the work of fellow villagers is destroyed by the nomads who passed through the village. Maria does not despair and encourages local residents to resume their previous work on planting green plants, and she personally visits the leader of a nomadic tribe with a request to protect their native village from such raids in the future. A conversation between two thinking people leads to a positive result, and the head of the nomads is imbued with sympathy for an active, young and caring woman.
After some time, Maria is transferred to work in a distant village, in which there are nomads who have decided to lead a settled life, where the girl continues her work in the form of educating the local population, as well as teaching the culture of life in sandy places. The girl yearns a little for the absence of her own personal life, which she sacrifices for the public good.
The story "The Sandy Teacher" is distinguished by the display in the narrative content of numerous problems in the form of revealing the role of the teacher in human life, images of strong character traits of a fighter against natural elements, as well as questions moral choice a person who has set the goal of his own destiny to sincerely serve people.
Some interesting essays
creative heritage poet, tragic tenor of his era, is permeated with the beauty and spirituality of his poems, written in the genres of poetry, poems, romances, studies, dedications, emphasizing the echoes of longing, despair, inseparable connection man with nature.
