In the poem Dead Souls"Gogol touches on Chichikov's career only at the end of the work. At the beginning, Chichikov appears before readers as some enigmatic personality, whose origin is unknown. Considering that Chichikov - main character poem, there is a danger that readers will treat him as goodie despite the clearly fraudulent nature of its activities. Gogol himself felt this danger, and in the 11th chapter he begins to reduce the image of Chichikov: “It is very doubtful that the hero we have chosen will please the readers. The ladies will not like him, this can be said in the affirmative, because the ladies demand that the hero be decisive perfection, and if there is any spiritual or bodily speck, then trouble! ... And virtuous person after all, he was not taken as a hero ... No, it's time to finally hide the scoundrel. So, let's harness the scoundrel!" Further, the author writes about the origin of the hero and about his career: "Leaving the school, he did not even want to rest: he had such a strong desire to quickly get down to business and service. However, despite the commendable certificates, he decided with great difficulty in the state chamber. "However, in this chamber, Chichikov could vegetate until the end of his life, because" he got an insignificant place, a salary of thirty or forty rubles a year. was to take a decisive step.
"Finally, he sniffed out his (his boss - author's note) home, family life, found out that he had a mature daughter, with a face that also looked like it was threshing peas at night. he came up with the idea of inducing an attack. Sundays, every time he stood opposite her, cleanly dressed, having starched his shirt-front heavily, - and the case was a success: the stern clerk staggered (in the old days - the official in charge of office work in court - author's note) and invited him for tea! And in the office they didn’t have time to look back, how things turned out in such a way that Chichikov moved into his house, became a necessary and necessary person, bought both flour and sugar, treated his daughter like a bride, called the clerk papa and kissed him on the hand; everyone put in the ward that there would be a wedding at the end of February before Lent. The stern assistant even began to fuss with the authorities for him, and after a while Chichikov himself sat down as an assistant to one vacant position that had opened up. This seemed to be the the main objective his ties with the old associate, because he immediately sent his chest secretly home and the next day found himself in another apartment. Povytchik ceased to be called papa and no longer kissed his hand, and the matter of the wedding was so hushed up, as if nothing had happened at all. However, every time he met him, he affectionately shook his hand and invited him to tea, so that the old clerk, despite his eternal immobility and callous indifference, shook his head every time and said under his breath: !"
It was the most difficult threshold he had crossed. Since then, things have gotten easier and more successful. He became a prominent person."
I once happened to be a witness to a similar turn in the fate of one person. Let's call him Peter Olegovich. He was a graduate student at the time. The term of graduate school was drawing to a close. This graduate student came from a small town. After graduating from graduate school, he faced a dilemma: to return to his homeland, which he apparently really did not want, or to do something to stay in Moscow. And to stay in Moscow in those days (80s) was very, very difficult. The only legal way is to marry a Muscovite. This path was chosen by our graduate student. Events unfolded rapidly (there was little time left before the defense). At some conference, he met a girl. She was vertically challenged and completely inconspicuous. "But what can you do - love!" - said the staff of the department. A wedding was scheduled two weeks before the defense. After the young people went to Honeymoon. "What is Petya thinking about?!" - his leader was indignant. Those who are familiar with the dissertation defense process know that last month before the defense - the most intense. But Petya drove away with his young wife, and seemed to have forgotten everything. But, thank God, everything worked out. Petya returned, the defense was successful. But what do we hear a month later? Peter is getting divorced! In his own way, he acted nobly. He did not apply for housing. All he needed was a Moscow residence permit. Subsequently, he exchanged his apartment in a provincial town for a Moscow one and moved with his mother to Moscow. It was very gentle, loving, caring son. Only when his mother died did he get married, this time for real. What was he thinking when he got married for the first time? After all, for his first wife it was a tragedy: to find your love, and then lose it, to understand that she was deceived, she was used to achieve her goals. How did her life turn out? Perhaps Petya thought: “Yes, I will do a bad deed, marry a girl I don’t love, for the sake of my goals. But then, throughout my life, I will behave honestly and atone for my meanness.” Isn't it all very familiar. Raskolnikov adhered to the same philosophy, but he failed as a result. It's a novel, some would say. In life, everything can be different. In life, scoundrels live to a ripe old age and die in their bed, surrounded by loved ones. Is it so? This story is not over yet, and we will probably have to find out how it will end.
Let us continue, however, the theme of Chichikov’s career: “Everything turned out to be in him that is necessary for this world: both pleasantness in turns and actions, and briskness in business affairs. them in a great way."
"Bread towns" exist in our time. Allow me one more memory. One employee worked in our laboratory. Once she announced that she was leaving, found a job in the authorities (in the city hall or in the council - I don’t remember now). Somehow she opened up and, not at all embarrassed, said that this was a bread place, where you could take bribes. And she said it completely without embarrassment, honestly and openly. Apparently, she thought that this was a matter of course, and others did not take bribes just because they were not given.
Further, Gogol writes: "You need to know that at the same time the strictest persecution of all bribes began; he was not afraid of persecution and turned them at the same time in his favor, thus showing directly Russian ingenuity, which is only during the squeeze." It turns out that there have already been campaigns to prosecute bribes in Russia. What did they end up with? Maybe we overcame this disease a long time ago and have been living in an honest country for a long time? I'm afraid that the reader will say: stop being ironic. Of course that's enough. Everyone knows that a similar campaign is being carried out in our country now, hundreds of officials are imprisoned. How many officials do we have in Russia? Maybe it is necessary to plant not hundreds, but half should be transplanted?
Such memories were generated by reading " dead souls"(even rereading, because we all studied this poem by Gogol at school). Soon it will be 170 years since the creation of this masterpiece, but the problems, heroes, people who were, have remained so. Maybe they are immortal?
Tasks:
- Educational:
- to form in students an idea of the hero of Gogol's work.
- Educational:
- develop skills holistic analysis artwork;
- to develop the ability to competently build a monologue statement, to master the culture of dialogical speech;
- develop the ability to think independently, analyze the circumstances in which the characters act;
- to develop the ability to compare textually studied works, their problems and heroes.
- Educational:
- to cultivate interest in moral and universal values;
- to bring students to the need for self-improvement through awareness of the contradictions of their own character.
Lesson methodology: teacher's word, work with reference and literary literature, analytical conversation, textual analysis of individual scenes, commented reading, expressive reading of students, work on individual assignments, work on abstracts, work with draft manuscripts.
DURING THE CLASSES
1 stage of the lesson
teacher's word (against the background of music).
Again, as in golden years,
Three worn out harnesses fray,
And painted knitting needles
In loose ruts ....Russia, impoverished Russia,
I have your gray huts,
Your songs are windy for me -
Like the first tears of love!I can't pity you
And I carefully carry my cross ...
What kind of sorcerer do you want
Give me the rogue beauty!Let him lure and deceive, -
You won't disappear, you won't die
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
- No, it was not these feelings that overwhelmed the soul of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov when he drove into the city of N in his spring carriage. What is our hero concerned about, why does he come to an ordinary Russian town and who is he, Pavel Ivanovich: a scoundrel, a dear person, an acquirer? Is he eternal? Does Chichikovshchina threaten us today and with what? We will try to understand these problems today.
- So, on the road for the author and his hero.
2 stage lesson
Frames of the film "Dead Souls" M. Schweitzer.
Teacher. And here is our hero. Watch a fragment of the film and compare with Gogol's narrative. Which episodes of the first chapter did the director omit, and which did he deepen, and why?
Teacher. The first impression of a character is always very important, so let's turn to the first chapter and try to answer the question: who is he, Chichikov? And what methods of depicting the image does the author use.
- Find a description of the portrait of Chichikov, what does the author emphasize in the image of the hero? (The phrase is frankly ironic. The description of the appearance is given as if so that the reader does not get any impression of the visitor. The construction of the sentence goes back to folk patterns: in Russian folk tales we constantly come across expressions like "neither far nor near, neither high nor low."
A grotesque detail: the visitor blew his nose loudly: "it is not known how he did it, but only his nose sounded like a pipe." The visiting gentleman carries himself with emphatic dignity, there is something exaggerated, far-fetched in his behavior).
- Gogol - detail master. This is especially evident in the description of Pavel Ivanovich's luggage. Things help to understand the essence of the hero. What did Chichikov's things tell us? (A spring britzka, “a suitcase of white leather, somewhat worn”, “a mahogany chest, with piecework made of Karelian birch, shoe lasts and a fried chicken wrapped in blue paper”; cap, rainbow scarf - all items hint at something in position habits and character Chichikov. He, apparently, is not very rich, but well-to-do, travels a lot, loves to eat, looks after his appearance. One can even conclude that he used to be richer than now: a suitcase made of white leather and skillfully made chest - expensive things.)
- We will learn even more about Chichikov if we read a little poster story. Find this episode, underline keywords which help to understand the character of Pavel Ivanovich. (It is clear that Chichikov is a businesslike, meticulous man, he is studying the city as a field of a future battle. It was not for nothing that he asked the tavern servant, the watchman, carefully looked around everything, “as if in order to remember the position of the place well.” And one more thing is curious: having read the poster, Chichikov “tidily folded it up and put it in his little chest, where he used to put everything he came across.” A clear allusion to Chichikov’s persistent, second nature acquisitiveness, which would then be more fully revealed with each page.)
- Essential for the characterization of his hero speech. How does speech reveal Chichikov's character? (Author from different sides and on various occasions shows the extraordinary dexterity, decency, diplomatic evasiveness of Chichikov's speech. In conversations with the rulers of the city, “he very skillfully knew how to flatter everyone. Somehow slipped a hint to the governor that you enter his province like in paradise, the roads are velvet everywhere, and that those governments that appoint wise dignitaries are worthy of greater praise. At the same time, Chichikov did not express flattering words directly to the governor: it would have been clumsy work, unworthy of such a fine connoisseur of the rules of conduct. Chichikov does not say, for example, that the governor deserves praise. But those governments "which appoint wise dignitaries...". To the vice-governor and chairman of the chamber, Chichikov omitted compliments more rudely (“he even erroneously said twice your excellency”), but, apparently, he already knew who to approach).
- Tell. What do other heroes think and say about Pavel Ivanovich? (They recognized him as their own person. If the city fathers felt honesty and virtue in Chichikov, they would recoil from him like the plague. No, they see him as a man of his circle, only gifted with talents for prosperity. And when Chichikov, with " noticeable modesty", using "several book phrases", says that he "suffered for the truth", even the word "truth" does not frighten his listeners. They understand that this is just a red word, but it is very cleverly and to the point said.)
Conclusion.
– So, what kind of person did Chichikov appear before us? How is a cunning traveler similar to those with whom he does business? (Chichikov can be no less delicate than Manilov, is able to save more stubbornly than a box, can splurge no worse than Nozdryov, and in the ability to “lie down” he will far surpass this talker; he is tight-fisted and businesslike, like Sobakevich, in frugality do not yield to Plyushkin that times when he was still a wise master, and, of course, in the art of taking bribes he outdid Ivan Antonovich - "jug snout".)
- But there is a trait in Chichikov's character that gives all his properties a new meaning and makes him the first person in the gallery of meanness. Which? (Amazing flexibility, tenacity, adaptability to any circumstances. Miracles of mimicry demonstrates his entire life path.)
- From meetings with landowners, we learn about the reason for his arrival: the purchase of dead souls, listed as alive according to the revision tale. For what? What's wrong here? (Chichikov seeks to cash in on the most terrible thing - on human death. Buying dead souls, this inhuman mercantilism is a frightening act of the Russian bourgeoisie, they exterminate humanity)
- Where does it come from in people? When we ask this question, we turn to the past of people, Chichikov's whole life is presented in the last 11 chapter.
3 stage lesson
Teacher. You were given the task to draw up a detailed plan of Chichikov's biography and prepare a creative retelling of the text in order to understand what kind of person he is, what makes him trade dead souls today.
story according to plan
A) A difficult picture of early childhood.
B) Chichikov in the city school:
- relationships with friends;
- an increment to the half given by the father;
- Chichikov's speculation;
- mouse training;
- attitude towards the teacher;
- “... he dreamed ahead of life in all contentment, with all sorts of prosperity; carriages, a house well arranged, delicious dinners.”
C) Service in the Treasury:
- an unsuccessful attempt to win over a supporter;
- in what way Chichikov got himself a position as an assistant;
- order to take bribes brought by him
D) Chichikov - a member of the construction commission:
- failed construction of a government building;
- beautiful houses that appeared with the members of the commission, including Chichikov;
- the disaster he experienced.
E) Chichikov's service in customs:
- the purpose of entering the customs service;
- Chichikov - a thunderstorm of smugglers;
- the path he took to promotion;
- Chichikov colludes with the smuggling community;
- new disaster.
- What is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov like here? Scoundrel? He also had patience, extraordinary willpower, prudence. But at the same time fraud, adventurism, crimes. But he himself explains that he did not kill anyone, did not ruin, most of all he cares about the future home, family, kids. What repels us in this hero. (Yes, everything is fine in a bright future. But which way does our hero go. Does the end justify the means? An eternal philosophical question that many generations have yet to solve).
“A scoundrel, well, why a scoundrel, the acquisition is the fault of everything ... Now we don’t have scoundrels, there are well-meaning, pleasant people, and those who would put their physiognomy under a public slap in the face to public disgrace, can only be found some two, three man, and even they are now talking about virtue.
- After all, the main task of the author is to make you and I look inside ourselves and ask: “Is there Chichikov in me?” And it is imperative to be reborn, as Gogol believed in the rebirth of his hero (it is no coincidence that Chichikov dreams of a trio bird, and with it faith, hope and the great word - love).
4th stage of the lesson
Reading by heart a passage about Rus'.
Teacher. What lexical and syntactic means created the sublime, solemn intonation of the lyrical digression "Rus".
Stage 5 lesson
The teacher reads against the background of music:
AND the impossible is possible,
The road is long and easy
When it shines in the distance of the road
Instant glance from under the scarf,
When ringing melancholy guarded
The dull song of the coachman.
Today we are considering a criminal case against Pavel Chichikov from Gogol's poem Dead Souls. All quotes are taken from the literary source.
For the sake of this goal, he went to abuse of trust (Article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) of his immediate superior.
“And in the office they didn’t have time to look back, how things turned out so that Chichikov moved into his house, became a necessary and necessary person, bought both flour and sugar, treated his daughter like a bride, called the clerk papa and kissed him on the hand; everyone put in the ward that at the end of February, before Lent, there would be a wedding. The stern assistant even began to fuss with the authorities for him, and after a while Chichikov himself sat down as an assistant to one vacant position that had opened up..
Then Chichikov broke the preliminary agreements and secretly took away things from the benefactor's house. In the new place, the defendant was engaged in discrediting the state anti-corruption campaign. He also abused his official position (Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and extorted bribes (Article 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
At the end of his service as an assistant, Chichikov switched to corruption schemes that allowed him to steal on a large scale.
2. Got a job at customs for personal illicit enrichment
“It must be said that this service has long been a secret subject of his thoughts. He saw what smart foreign gizmos the customs officials got excited about, what porcelain and cambric they sent to gossips, aunts and sisters. More than once, for a long time, he had already said with a sigh: “That would be where to get over: (…) what thin Dutch shirts you can get!” It must be added that at the same time he was also thinking about a special kind of French soap, which imparted an unusual whiteness to the skin and freshness to the cheeks ... " The purpose of these career aspirations of Chichikov was to inflict most damage the state from abuse of his official position (Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
3. Perpetrated a famous scam called "Dead Souls"
The investigation insists on bringing to justice not only Chichikov, but also the accomplices of the fraud, who knew about the criminal intent and received material benefits from it. It's about about Sobakevich, Korobochka, Plyushkin. The investigation accuses Nozdryov of bribery by Chichikov, which resulted in his attempts to confuse the investigation. Evidence of Manilov's guilt was not found.
Prosecutor: "Chichikov's goal is to cause the greatest damage to the state"
Lawyer Daniil Markhiev
Today, the consideration of the criminal case, in which Pavel Chichikov is accused of a crime in accordance with Article 159 of the Criminal Code, is being completed. Russian Federation, namely, that he is a professional recidivist fraudster. IN different cities, at various places of service of Chichikov, various fraudulent schemes used by him were uncovered. The investigation managed to collect information about how Chichikov honed his fraudulent schemes with school years. as a prosecutor main task I see it in substantiating the charge and proving that the crime was committed by the defendant. What is Chichikov accused of:
1. With the help of deceitful actions, Chichikov received the position of assistant. For the sake of this goal, he went to abuse the trust of his immediate superior, having received the position of assistant, Chichikov broke the preliminary agreements and secretly took away things from the benefactor's house.
At the new place, the defendant was engaged in discrediting the state anti-corruption campaign, and also abused his official position and extorted bribes.
At the end of his service as an assistant, Chichikov switched to corruption schemes that allowed him to steal on a large scale. Beyond the damage state budget Chichikov, profaning building orders, caused damage to the urban environment, society and workers who lost their jobs.
2. After that, Chichikov got a job at the customs, where he again used all available resources to get the highest possible place. There is evidence that Chichikov deliberately sought employment in customs for the purpose of personal illegal enrichment.
The purpose of these career aspirations of Chichikov was to cause the greatest damage to the state from the abuse of his official position (Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In this position, Chichikov was engaged in fraud using corruption schemes on an especially large scale, and also took part in the illegal activities of organized crime and forced his colleagues to enter into a criminal conspiracy (Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
After revealing the activities of the criminal community, Chichikov escaped legal responsibility thanks to a bribe to the investigation (Article 291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
3. A scam called "Dead Souls" requires special consideration. The investigation insists on bringing to justice the accomplices of Chichikov's fraud, who knew about the criminal plan and received material benefits from it. We are talking about Sobakevich, Korobochka, Plyushkin. The investigation accuses Nozdryov of bribery by Chichikov, which resulted in his attempts to confuse the investigation. Evidence of Manilov's guilt was not found.
To implement his fraudulent "Dead Souls" scam, Chichikov was forced to accept a bribe. The probable help of Nozdrev to Chichikov in avoiding punishment deserves special consideration.
Nozdryov deliberately gave false testimony to the investigation. Thus, he introduced into difficulty and confused the preliminary investigation, presented the existing accusations against Chichikov in an absurd light, mixing them with all the existing rumors, which ruined the case and gave Chichikov time to escape from the court.
I ask the respected court to find Pavel Chichikov guilty of committing a crime and to appoint general punishment as a real imprisonment for 9 years 6 months.
Defense: “The Chichikov case is not justice, but deliberate persecution”
Lawyer Vladislav Kocherin
Dear court, dear participants of the process!
I am glad that I have the opportunity to defend Pavel Chichikov, since the latter's accusation of committing crimes, provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, is a blatant example of how they are trying to bring to justice an innocent person who is engaged in his professional business. I responsibly declare that Pavel Chichikov is not a criminal, but only an enterprising person.
So, for example, Pavel Chichikov is accused of “abusing the trust (Article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) of his immediate superior in order to obtain the position of assistant. At the same time, Article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation actually provides for liability for causing property damage to the owner or other owner of property by deceit or abuse of trust in the absence of signs of theft. However, Pavel Chichikov did not inflict any property damage on his immediate superior, or anyone else.
After reading the text of the indictment regarding the acquisition of "Dead Souls" by P. Chichikov, I was sincerely amazed - what is my client accused of? In fact, he is accused only of making transactions at a loss to himself, buying non-existent peasants and paying real money for it, paying taxes for them, doing all this from his own pocket. However, Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for liability for theft of other people's property through deceit and abuse of trust, however, P. Chichikov's goal was only to acquire dead souls through paid civil law transactions, which he directly stated to potential sellers of souls when they were made. That is, when acquiring souls, P. Chichikov did not deceive anyone, except himself, since he suffered direct losses from this, paying for the souls a clearly inflated purchase price, as well as taxes and taxes. In addition, it should be noted that the "dead souls" were formally considered alive, which made it possible to conduct any civil law transactions with them, which corresponded to the legislation in force at that time. P. Chichikov did not receive any property benefits from such transactions, therefore, his accusation under Article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not have any legal grounds and is subject to rejection.
Thus, the actions of P. Chichikov constituted the performance of ordinary activities, as a result of which no material damage was caused to anyone except himself. It can be said that he simply collected "dead souls", which is not prohibited by law.
Thus, from all of the above, only one obvious conclusion can be drawn: my client, Pavel Chichikov, is innocent on all counts of the charges against him.
The accusation is based solely on assumptions and conjectures, there is no evidence of the circumstances set forth by the prosecution, P. Chichikov is being charged not only with crimes that he did not commit, but also with those for which sentences have already been passed and the perpetrators have been identified.
All this may not indicate the administration of justice, but only a deliberate persecution of Pavel Chichikov, who is a respectable citizen and has brought considerable benefits to society and the state, no matter what this enterprising person does.
The position of accusing my client of committing economic crimes does not withstand any criticism and is based only on personal hostility towards my client and the desire to see him behind bars, where he can no longer be useful to society and can become a member of the criminal environment, while he has significant services to society both during the period of service in government bodies, and with the deliverance of Russian landowners from the material and bureaucratic burden in the form of "dead souls".
I ask you to acquit my client on all counts of the charges.
Verdict in the case of Pavel Chichikov
The verdict is read by Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin (MSUA) Maxim Mikhailovich Polyakov.
Having considered the criminal case on the charge of Pavel Chichikov, having heard the side of the prosecution and the defense, as well as the evidence presented in the case under consideration, the court makes the following decision:
1. Found guilty of abuse official powers
Chichikov undoubtedly abused the trust of citizens who turned to him for the execution of the necessary documents. The position of the defense in this regard cannot be considered justified, since the facts available in the case testify to the illegal schemes developed by P. Chichikov with the involvement of office employees, which allowed him to steal on a large scale. Citizen Chichikov acted solely out of selfish motives and contrary to the interests public service. The court interrogated the office staff, who confirmed the facts of his purchase of Dutch shirts and rare French soap, as well as other expensive items. Moreover, the house built by citizen Chichikov is ten times more expensive than his income for several years.
2. Acquit the defendant under the article “Infliction of property damage by deceit or breach of trust”
It can be considered quite reasonable the arguments of the defense that no property damage was caused to the immediate superior of P. Chichikov, thanks to whom he received the position of assistant. The actions that he committed while in the boss's house (courteous attitude, purchases of products for household needs, showing signs of attention to his daughter) are not illegal and do not constitute a crime under the incriminated article.
3. Found guilty of fraud in the purchase of "dead souls"
The court considers proven at least three episodes of fraudulent activities of citizen Chichikov, for the purchase of so-called "dead souls" from citizens Sobakevich, Korobochka and Plyushkin. The court took into account, first of all, the fact that dead souls were bought under the guise of living ones, which is confirmed by the documents provided by the investigation on the facts of the sale.
Evidence of the guilt of citizen Chichikov is the petitions seized from him for a large land plot and the subsidies from the state in the amount of 200 rubles in gold. The court found that the main criterion for obtaining such preferences is that a person has at least 500 souls.
The court, during the consideration of the criminal case, took into account the personality of Pavel Chichikov, which can be described as extremely negative. During court session Citizen Chichikov interfered in every possible way with the course of the trial, changed his testimony, made every effort to delay the adoption of a decision by the court.
Based on the foregoing, the court ruled:
Recognize Pavel Chichikov guilty of committing crimes under Art. 159 and Art. 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on Art. 69 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, by partial addition of punishments, to appoint Pavel Chichikov a punishment in the form 4 years in prison, with a sentence of penal colony general mode.
All materials of the case can be viewed.
"Dismissal from military service" - Important: Administration of Baikonur. The following categories have the right to receive social benefits: Citizens subject to resettlement from the Baikonur complex. Citizens who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the period 1986-1987. federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation.
"Military service" - About the call for an alternative civil service. Chairman of the relevant education management body. Special duties. Citizens are exempt from conscription for military service: Arrest with detention in a guardhouse for up to 10 days. On exemption from conscription for military service. Deputy Head local government- chairman of the committee.
"Internet Services" - FTP service. The network service defines the data format. Examples: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]. A list of popular irc servers can be found on the Internet. website. Web service. Programs: ProShare (Intel); NetMeeting (Microsoft). Email. Web site example. Internet services.
"Psychological Service" - There are 64 PPMS Centers in Moscow: Basic and specialized packages of psychological services. Two-tier delivery system psychological help. Creation of mechanisms for the examination of psychological tools and updating the registry. The variety of models complicates the coordination and forecasting activities.
"Exhibits of the Armory" - Decorated with gold, turquoise and gems. The Armory is located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, at the Borovitsky Gate. Ancient manuscripts are richly represented liturgical books. A bit of history. Our tour has come to an end. The throne was brought by the Persian ambassador to Tsar Boris Godunov. Are there similar museums in your country?
"Legal Foundations of Military Service" - The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Hostage taking. Legal basis military service. Hague conventions. Department of military-patriotic and civic education CDT "Shield". The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that the defense of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
Composition
Subject: Biography, study, service and career of Chichikov (Dead Souls)
Biography Chichikov By origin, Chichikov is a nobleman: "... The origin of our hero is dark and modest. Parents were nobles, but pillar or personal - God knows ..." His father is a sick and poor man. We don’t know anything about the mother: “... father, a sick man [...] who sighed incessantly, walking around the room, and spitting into the sandbox standing in the corner ...” Father and little Pavlusha live in a simple peasant hut: “. .. A small stove with small windows that do not open either in winter or in summer ... "
Chichikov's study Chichikov goes with his father to the city to study at the city school. He settles with some old relative: "...He was supposed to stay here and go to the classes of the city school every day..." Father leaves back to the village, and Chichikov never sees him again: "... father son and dragged himself home again on his forty, and since then he has never seen him again ... "At the school, Chichikov is a diligent and diligent student. He has no special talents. But on the other hand, he is a practical and patient child: "... He did not have any special abilities for any science; he distinguished himself more by diligence and neatness ..." While still at the school, Chichikov begins to earn money: "... he blinded from wax bullfinch, dyed it and sold it very profitably..." "...finally got the mouse to stand on its hind legs, lie down and get up on orders, and then sold it also very profitably..." Chichikov is in good standing at the school. He behaves appropriately and diligently. He graduated from college as an exemplary student: "During his stay at the school, he was in excellent standing and upon graduation he received a full honor in all sciences, a certificate and a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and trustworthy behavior." At this time, Chichikov's father dies. He sells the house and land. For them, he receives 1000 rubles - his initial capital: "... At that time his father died [...] Chichikov immediately sold a dilapidated courtyard with an insignificant piece of land for a thousand rubles ..."
Service and career of Chichikov: Chichikov is a real careerist, purposeful and stubborn. Chichikov does not create a family and does not have children. First, Chichikov wants to provide "offspring" with a decent future. See also: "Chichikov's service" Chichikov's career always goes easily and simply. He works hard and tries hard. There are ups and downs in Chichikov's service. During his life he manages to work in different places- and even in different cities. In general, Chichikov begins his service with a simple position in the state chamber: "... with great difficulty he decided to go to the state chamber ..." Then Chichikov gets a place in a more profitable place. Here he earns capital on bribes. But a new boss comes and reveals the theft. So Chichikov loses everything that he has acquired dishonestly: "... everything was fluffed up, and Chichikov is more than others ..." After that, Chichikov serves in another city in some miserable positions. Finally, he gets a job at customs: "... he finally moved to the customs service ..." At the customs, Chichikov receives a promotion, as well as the rank of collegiate adviser: "... He received a rank and a promotion ..." Having become the head , Chichikov colludes in criminal gang smugglers. Chichikov earns hundreds of thousands of rubles from this "unclean" business. But the matter is revealed. Chichikov loses his place and the money he has earned: "... The officials were taken to court, confiscated, they described everything that they had ..." So Chichikov is again left with nothing. He is left with about 10 thousand rubles, a chaise and two serfs - Selifan and Petrushka. Chichikov starts his career again from scratch. He works as an attorney (self-taught lawyer) for the most different cases. Here it comes to his mind to buy himself dead serfs in order to get rich.
