Sophia - who is she? It is this image of comedy that is considered the most complex and ambiguous. Even for the great Russian classic A.S. Pushkin's character of this heroine was not fully understood. “Sophia is not clearly inscribed ...” - this is how the poet A.A. wrote. Bestuzhev in 1825. Another Russian writer I.A. Goncharov discovered a certain duality in the image of Famusov's daughter. Yes, in critical article"A million torments" we see the following thesis: "This is a mixture of good instincts with a lie." On the one hand, the girl’s inquisitive mind is noted, on the other, spiritual “blindness”.
Note that the play by A.S. Griboedov is a realistic work (not devoid, however, of remnants of classicism and some romantic features). This means that characters cannot be spelled out unambiguously, there is no clear division of heroes into positive and negative. Thus, it turns out that Sophia occupies an intermediate position in comedy between Chatsky and the so-called Famus society. For the convenience of getting acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of the heroine, we note her main features and thereby prove the inconsistency of Sophia.
The “pluses” of the heroine include independence, independence, freedom from public opinion. Sophia rejects any possibility of connecting her fate with Skalozub, a colonel who spent the entire battle in a trench and received an award for nothing. Although Sophia's father, on the contrary, considers Sergei Sergeyevich the best match for his daughter. Also in her favor is the need for true love and the ability to love, defending your choice in front of the whole world. So, Sophia tells Chatsky about Molchalin:
He is finally: compliant, modest, quiet.
Not a shadow of worry on your face
And there are no misdeeds in my soul,
Strangers and at random does not cut, -
That's why I love him.
In addition, the heroine has the ability to rebel against the traditions of the Famus environment. For example, Sophia rebels against her father's unshakable conviction: "Who is poor is not a couple for you". However, the girl does not mind ideological foundations of the modern world, like Chatsky, but only against class prejudices.
It is impossible not to note the strength of character, the courage of Sophia. Having been deceived in Molchalin, she is able to admit her mistake, to be punished: "I'm ashamed of myself, I'm ashamed of the walls" And "... I blame myself all around". It also speaks of her intelligence. As we know, the girl is inherent in education. From the maid Lisa, we learn that Sophia reads books at night.
The disadvantages of Sophia include the imperiousness of character and the desire to command. It is precisely because of these character traits that Sophia chooses the silent Molchalin: he is convenient for her, because he is "compliant, modest, quiet." In addition, it often wakes up the ability to lie, pretense, hypocrisy - qualities inherent in representatives Famus Society. Suffice it to recall how deftly Sophia told her father a fictional dream, which later turned out to be prophetic, in order to hide from him a nightly meeting with Molchalin. And the strongest arguments in favor of her depravity are vindictiveness and deceit. Sophia's weapon is gossip, some public facility struggle in the Famus world. It is Famusova who spreads the rumor about Chatsky's madness.
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THE IMAGE OF SOPHIA IN A. S. GRIBOYEDOV'S COMEDY "Woe From Wit".
“Griboyedov belongs to the most powerful manifestations of the Russian spirit,” Belinsky once said. Tragically dead thirty-four years old, Griboedov did not create, undoubtedly, everything that he could accomplish according to his creative powers. He was not destined to realize numerous creative ideas, striking in their wide scope and depth. A brilliant poet and thinker, he remained in history as the author of one famous work. But Pushkin said: "Griboedov has done his part: he has already written Woe from Wit." These words contain recognition of the great historical merit Griboyedov before Russian literature.
In "Woe from Wit" Griboyedov put forward the main social and ideological theme of his turning point - the theme of irreconcilable enmity between the defenders of the old, skeletal way of life and the supporters of a new worldview, a new free life.
There are many in comedy. actors- positive and negative, but I want to dwell on the main character - Sofya Famusova. This girl does not belong to the good, mi to the bad. Griboedov unequivocally wrote: "The girl herself is not stupid." Still not such that the author could unconditionally call her smart, but it is also impossible to classify her as a fool. Otherwise, we will begin to contradict the author's will, which is primarily expressed in the very text of the play. Although it is the text that can put the reader in some difficulty. So, for example, when Pushkin first got acquainted with Griboyedov's play, the image of Sophia seemed to him inscribed "not clearly."
I want to try to understand her character. It is very complex in itself. In Sophia, “good instincts with lies” are complexly intertwined. She has to dodge and lie in order not to give out her love to her close-minded father. She is forced to hide her feelings not only because of her fear of her father; it hurts her when in things that are poetic and beautiful for her they see only harsh prose. Chatsky's love for Sophia will help us understand one truth: the character of the heroine is in something important to match the main goodie all comedy. At seventeen, she not only “bloomed charmingly,” as Chatsky says about her, but also shows an enviable independence of opinion, unthinkable for people like Molchalin, Skalozub, or even her father. It is enough to compare Famusov’s “what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say”, Molhollin’s “after all, you must depend on others” and Sophia’s remark: “What is rumor to me? Whoever wants, so judges. This statement is not just "words". The heroine is guided by them literally at every step: both when she receives Molchalin in her room, and when she
in the eyes of Skalozub and Chatsky, he runs with a cry to Osip: “Ah! My God! fell, killed! - and she herself falls unconscious, not thinking about the impression of others.
Sophia is absolutely confident in herself, in her actions, in her feelings. Although all this may significant role plays that immediacy, the integrity of her nature, which allows us to compare her with Pushkin's Tatyana Larina. But there is also a significant difference between them. Tetyana embodies the ideal character of the Russian woman, as Pushkin imagines her. Possessing in the highest degree positive qualities of the soul, she loves an outstanding person, worthy of her in a number of qualities; Sophia's chosen one, unfortunately, is different, but this is only visible to us and Chatsky. Sophia, blinded by Molchalin's courtship, sees only the good in him. .
At the first meeting of Sophia with Chatsky, she does not show the same interest in him, she is cold and not affectionate. This puzzled and even upset Chatsky a little. In vain did he try to insert into the conversation the witticisms that had previously amused Sophia so much. They only led to an even more indifferent and slightly spiteful answer from Sophia: “Did it happen by mistake, in sadness, that you said good things about someone?” Until the end of the play, Sophia keeps her proud opinion about Chatsky: “Not a man is a snake.” The next meetings of Sophia and Chatsky differ little from each other. But in act 3, Chatsky decides to "pretend once in a lifetime" and begins to praise Molchalin in front of Sophia. Sophia managed to get rid of Chatsky's obsessive questions, but she herself gets carried away and completely withdraws into her feelings, again completely without thinking about the consequences, which once again proves to us the firmness of her character. To Chatsky’s question: “Why did you recognize him so briefly?”, She replies: “I didn’t try! God brought us together." This is enough for Chatsky to finally understand who Sophia is in love with.
The heroine draws a full-length portrait of Molchalin, giving it the most iridescent color, perhaps hoping in her soul to reconcile not only herself, but also others with this love. But Chatsky naturally does not want to listen to Sophia. For him, Molchalin is a person who is not worthy of respect, and even more so the love of a girl like Sophia. We involuntarily think: what attracted Sophia to Molchalin? Perhaps his appearance or a deep way of thinking? Of course not. The boredom that reigns in the Famusovs' house is primarily reflected in the girl's young quivering heart. The soul of the young beautiful Sophia filled with the romantic expectation of love, she, like all girls of her age, wants to be loved and love herself. Having unraveled Sophia's secret aspirations, Molchalin is nearby, he lives in the house. A young man of not bad appearance, moderately educated, vividly enters into the role of a lover and enchanted. Compliments, courtship, the constant presence of Molchalin nearby do their job. A girl falls in love without being able to choose or compare.
The image of Sofia Pavlovna Famusova is complex. By nature, she is endowed with good qualities. This girl is smart, proud, with a strong and independent character, with a warm heart, dreamy. These features are clearly manifested both in her behavior and in her language. ( This material will help to correctly write on the topic The image and character of Sophia in the comedy Woe from Wit. Summary does not make it clear the whole meaning of the work, so this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, short stories, stories, plays, poems.) He says so about her People's Artist USSR A. A. Yablochkin, one of the best performers the role of Sophia: “Doesn’t Sophia’s special mushroom-eater language, so different from the language of other characters in Woe from Wit, reveal her image? Her speech clearly shows that, despite the fact that she is seventeen years old, this is ... not the speech of a girl, but the mistress of the house, accustomed to general submission. She has been without a mother for a long time, she feels like a lady. Hence her imperious tone, her independence. At the same time, she is in her own mind, mocking, vindictive: no doubt she is a girl with great character. In her speech there is something from the serfs, she constantly has to deal with them, and, on the other hand, from French madams and French books.
Sophia constantly talks about various emotional experiences: “pretending to be in love, demanding and distressed”, “deadly coldness”, “he will sigh from the depths of his soul”, etc.
Her "mind is manifested in statements of a generalizing nature:" happy hours they don’t watch”, “Just think how capricious happiness is, but grief is waiting around the corner”, etc.
Sophia was brought up under the guidance of French governesses. Hence the abundance of gallicisms1 in her speech: “to tell you a dream”, “to share laughter”. On the other hand, there are also vernaculars in her language, for example: “you deigned to run in”, “to laugh”, “to the prikmaher, the tongs will catch a cold”.
The good features and natural inclinations of Sophia could not be developed in the Famus society. On the contrary, a false upbringing instilled in Sophia a lot of negative things, made her a "representative of generally accepted views in this circle, accustomed her to lies and hypocrisy. I. A. Goncharov in his article" Million Torments "correctly says about Sophia:" This is a mixture of good instincts with lies, a living mind with the absence of any hint of ideas and convictions, confusion of concepts, mental and moral blindness - all this does not have the character of personal vices in it, but appears as common features her circle. In her own, personal physiognomy, something of her own is hiding in the shadows, hot, tender, even dreamy. The rest belongs to education.
Sophia drew her ideas about people, about life from observations of the life of people of her circle and from French sentimental novels, which were then very popular among the nobility, especially among girls.
Here is this one sentimental literature and developed dreaminess and sensitivity in Sophia, according to her she painted the hero of her novel - a humble, sensitive person. It was these novels that could make her pay attention to Molchalin, who, with some of his features and behavior, resembled her "favorite heroes." known role in her passion for Molchalin, there is another circumstance that Goncharov points out: “The desire to patronize a loved one, poor, modest, who does not dare to raise his eyes to her, to raise him to himself, to his circle, to give him family rights. Without a doubt, she was smiling in this role to rule over a submissive creature, make him happy and have an eternal slave in him. It's not her fault that the future "husband-boy, husband-servant - the ideal of Moscow husbands" came out of this! There was nowhere to stumble upon other ideals in Famusov's house.
In Sofya Goncharov sees "the strong inclinations of a remarkable nature, a lively mind, passion and feminine gentleness", but "she is ruined in stuffiness, where not a single ray of light, not a single stream penetrated fresh air". For these good qualities Chatsky loved her Sophia, and it was all the more painful for him to see in her, after a three-year absence in Moscow, a typical representative of the Famusov circle. But Sophia also experiences a tragedy when, having overheard Molchalin's conversation with Lisa, she sees the person she loves in a real light. According to Goncharov, "it is, of course, harder for her than everyone else, even harder than Chatsky."
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Одним из !} outstanding works first half of XIX century is a comedy A. WHY DID SOFIA CHOOSE MOLCHALIN? One of greatest works the first half of the 19th century is the comedy of A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. IN THE IMAGE OF SOPHIA IN A. S. GRIBOYEDOV’S PLAY “Woe From Wit” A. S. Griboedov’s play “Woe From Wit” marks a victory in Griboedov A. S. Composition based on the work on the theme: “A Million Torments” by Sofia Famusova (Based on comedy Griboedov "Woe from Wit") The only character conceived and IMAGE OF CHATSKOY Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov - brilliant artist Russian realism, creator immortal comedy"Woe from Wit". How truly great and brilliant
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The main idea of the work "Woe from Wit" is an illustration of meanness, ignorance and servility to the ranks and traditions, which were opposed by new ideas, genuine culture, freedom and reason. The protagonist Chatsky acted in the play as a representative of the same democratically minded society of young people who openly challenged the conservatives and serfs. All these subtleties that raged in social and political life, Griboyedov managed to reflect on the example of a classic comedy love triangle. It is noteworthy that the main part of the work described by the creator takes place within just one day, and the characters themselves are displayed very brightly by Griboyedov.
Many of the writer's contemporaries honored his manuscript with sincere praise and stood up to the king for permission to publish the comedy.
The history of writing the comedy "Woe from Wit"
The idea of writing the comedy "Woe from Wit" visited Griboedov during his stay in St. Petersburg. In 1816, he returned to the city from abroad and found himself at one of the secular receptions. Deep inner indignation caused in him the craving of Russian people for foreign things, after he noticed that the nobility of the city bowed to one of the foreign guests. The writer could not restrain himself and showed his negative attitude. Meanwhile, one of the guests, who did not share his convictions, retorted that Griboyedov was crazy.
The events of that evening formed the basis of the comedy, and Griboedov himself became the prototype of the main character Chatsky. The writer began work on the work in 1821. He worked on comedy in Tiflis, where he served under General Yermolov, and in Moscow.
In 1823, work on the play was completed, and the writer began to read it in Moscow literary circles while getting rave reviews. The comedy was successfully distributed in the form of lists among the reading population, but for the first time it was published only in 1833, after the request of Minister Uvarov to the tsar. The writer himself was no longer alive by that time.
Analysis of the work
Comedy main story
The events described in the comedy take place in early XIX century, in the house of the capital official Famusov. His young daughter Sofya is in love with Famusov's secretary, Molchalin. He is a prudent man, not rich, occupying a minor rank.
Knowing about Sophia's passions, he meets with her by calculation. One day, a young nobleman Chatsky arrives at the Famusovs' house - a family friend who has not been in Russia for three years. The purpose of his return is to marry Sophia, for whom he has feelings. Sophia herself hides her love for Molchalin from the main character of the comedy.
Sophia's father is a man of the old way of life and views. He grovels before the ranks and believes that the young should please the authorities in everything, not show their opinion and selflessly serve the superiors. Chatsky, in contrast to him, is a witty young man with a sense of pride and good education. He condemns such views, considers them stupid, hypocritical and empty. There are heated arguments between Famusov and Chatsky.
On the day of Chatsky's arrival, invited guests gather in Famusov's house. During the evening, Sophia spreads a rumor that Chatsky has gone crazy. The guests, who also do not share his views, actively pick up this idea and unanimously recognize the hero as crazy.
Turning out to be a black sheep at the evening, Chatsky is going to leave the Famusovs' house. While waiting for the carriage, he hears Famusov's secretary confessing his feelings to the servant of the masters. Sofya also hears this, who immediately drives Molchalin out of the house.
denouement love scene ends with Chatsky's disappointment in Sophia and secular society. The hero leaves Moscow forever.
Heroes of the comedy "Woe from Wit"
This main character Griboedov's comedies. He is a hereditary nobleman who owns 300 - 400 souls. Chatsky was left an orphan early, and since his father was a close friend of Famusov, from childhood he was brought up with Sophia in the Famusovs' house. Later, he became bored with them, and at first he settled separately, and then completely left to wander the world.
From childhood, Chatsky and Sophia were friends, but he felt for her not only friendly feelings.
The main character in Griboedov's comedy is not stupid, witty, eloquent. A lover of ridicule of the stupid, Chatsky was a liberal who did not want to bend before his superiors and serve higher ranks. That is why he did not serve in the army and was not an official, which is rare for the era of that time and his pedigree.
Famusov is an aged man with gray hair at the temples, a nobleman. For his age, he is very cheerful and fresh. Pavel Afanasyevich is a widower, his only child is Sophia, 17 years old.
The official is public service, he is rich, but at the same time windy. Famusov does not hesitate to pester his own maids. His character is explosive, restless. Pavel Afanasyevich is obnoxious, but with the right people He knows how to be polite. An example of this is his communication with the colonel, to whom Famusov wants to marry his daughter. For the sake of his goal, he is ready for anything. Submission, servility to the ranks and servility are characteristic of him. He also values the opinion of society about himself and his family. The official does not like to read and does not consider education to be something very important.
Sophia is the daughter of a wealthy official. Pretty and educated best rules Moscow nobility. Left early without a mother, but being in the care of the governess Madame Rosier, she reads french books, dancing and playing the piano. Sophia is a fickle girl, windy and easily carried away by young men. At the same time, she is trusting and very naive.
In the course of the play, it is clear that she does not notice that Molchalin does not love her and is with her because of her own benefits. Her father calls her shameful and shameless, while Sophia herself considers herself a smart and not cowardly young lady.
Famusov's secretary, who lives in their house, is a single young man from a very poor family. Mine title of nobility Molchalin received only during the service, which in those days was considered acceptable. For this, Famusov periodically calls him rootless.
The surname of the hero, as well as possible, corresponds to his character and temperament. He doesn't like to talk. Molchalin limited and very foolish man. He behaves modestly and quietly, honors ranks and tries to please everyone who is in his environment. He does it purely for profit.
Aleksey Stepanovich never expresses his opinion, due to which others consider him to be quite a handsome young man. In fact, he is mean, unscrupulous and cowardly. At the end of the comedy, it becomes clear that Molchalin is in love with the maid Lisa. Having confessed this to her, he receives a portion of righteous anger from Sophia, but his characteristic sycophancy allows him to remain in the service of her father further.
Puffer - minor hero comedy, he is a non-initiative colonel who wants to become a general.
Pavel Afanasyevich refers Skalozub to the category of enviable Moscow suitors. According to Famusov, a wealthy officer who has weight and status in society - good party for his daughter. Sophia herself did not like him. In the work, the image of Skalozub is collected in separate phrases. Sergey Sergeevich joins Chatsky's speech with absurd reasoning. They betray his ignorance and lack of education.
Maid Lisa
Lizanka is an ordinary maid in the Famus house, but at the same time she occupies a rather high place among others literary characters, and quite a lot of different episodes and descriptions are allotted to her. The author describes in detail what Lisa does and what and how she says. She makes other heroes of the play confess their feelings, provokes them to certain actions, pushes them to various solutions important to their lives.
Mr. Repetilov appears in the fourth act of the work. It's minor but bright character comedy, invited to the ball to Famusov on the occasion of the name day of his daughter Sophia. His image - characterizes a person who chooses an easy path in life.
Zagoretsky
Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky is a secular reveler without ranks and honors, but he knows how and loves to be invited to all receptions. Due to his gift - to be pleasing "to the court."
Hurrying to visit the center of events, “as if” from the outside, the secondary hero A.S. Griboyedov, Anton Antonovich, himself, is invited to an evening at the Faustuvs' house. From the very first seconds of the action, it becomes clear with his person that Zagoretsky is another “shot”.
Madame Khlestova is also one of secondary characters comedy, but still her role is very colorful. This is an older woman. She is 65 years old. She has a Spitz dog and a dark-skinned maidservant - arapka. Khlestova is aware latest gossip yard and willingly shares own stories from life, in which he easily talks about other characters in the work.
Composition and storylines of the comedy "Woe from Wit"
When writing the comedy "Woe from Wit" Griboedov used a characteristic this genre reception. Here we can see classic plot, where two men claim the hand of one girl at once. Their images are also classical: one is modest and respectful, the other is educated, proud and confident in his own superiority. True, in the play, Griboyedov placed the accents in the character of the characters a little differently, making Molchalin, and not Chatsky, attractive to that society.
For several chapters the play is coming a background description of life in the Famusovs' house and only in the seventh appearance does the plot begin love story. A sufficiently detailed long description in the course of the play tells of only one day. A long-term development of events is not described here. storylines comedy two. These are conflicts: love and social.
Each of the images described by Griboyedov is multifaceted. Even Molchalin is interesting, to whom, already in the reader, an unpleasant attitude arises, but he does not cause obvious disgust. It is interesting to watch him in various episodes.
In the play, despite taking the fundamental constructions, there are certain deviations to build the plot, and it is clearly seen that the comedy was written at the junction of three literary epochs: flourishing romanticism, emerging realism and dying classicism.
Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" gained its popularity not only for the use of classical plotting techniques in non-standard frameworks for them, it reflected obvious changes in society, which were then just emerging and putting out their first sprouts.
The work is also interesting in that it is strikingly different from all other works written by Griboyedov.
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To understand who Sofya Pavlovna Famusova is, the heroine of the play “Woe from Wit”, you need to know the features of the time in which Alexander Griboyedov lived. The author created a satire, where he showed the obvious vices of those who consider themselves the elite of society, leveling any desire for education, learning, learning new things and insisting on observing the old order. Sophia is a representative of this class.
Her image cannot be called positive, but if the reader thinks that this girl is completely negative character may err in their conclusions. So, let's follow the character and actions of Sofia Famusova.
Characteristics of Sofia Famusova
From the pages of the work, we learn that Sophia, unlike her father who opposed the teachings, is an educated girl who loves to read books, mostly French novels. It was through this literature that she became sentimental and sensual.
Against the background of representatives of the nobility of the Famus society, Sophia seems smart and developed. The heroine of the play can play the piano and flute. “... Either a flute is heard, then it’s like a pianoforte; Would it be too early for Sophia??”
Sophia's character is domineering and demanding: she commands the house like a mistress, despite her young age. A seventeen-year-old girl commands - they obey her. In addition, Sophia has determination: “... I will wake everyone in the house with a cry and destroy myself and you ...” - she says.
However, despite these, on the one hand, positive traits, Sophia, like a sponge, absorbed the lies and hypocrisy inherent in the representatives of the Famus society.
Alexander Chatsky and Sofia Famusova
Alexander Chatsky at first chose Sophia as his bride, because she was, firstly, close to him in spirit, and secondly, he saw in her mind and a strong character.
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He was also impressed by the independence of this girl from others. However, when Chatsky arrived from St. Petersburg with the intention of marrying Sophia, she met him very coldly, because she was already carried away by another - Alexei Stepanovich Molchalin, who at that time lived in her father's house. It remains a mystery that the girl preferred the intelligent and intellectually developed Chatsky to a stupid and narrow-minded person.
Sofia Famusova and Alexey Molchalin
Possessing a romantic nature, Sophia fell in love with a man who, in character and habits, was similar to the hero of her favorite works. The cause of her heartache was Alexei Molchalin, her father's secretary. But such a choice of Sophia is justified not only by this, because Molchalin is a person who can be commanded, and, as you know, Sophia loves to push people around. However, blinded by passion, the girl does not want to notice how pathetic and stupid her chosen one is. On the contrary, the heroine of the play is very worried about Alexei, and loses her senses when he falls from the horse. However, Sophia's dreams of life together the chosen one is not destined to come true, because marriage with this person is not only disgusting to her father, but also to Molchalin himself. However, another unexpected circumstance pointed to the absolute impossibility of connecting Sophia's life with Molchalin: at the end of the play, the true face of Alexei was revealed, who, secretly from Sophia, also met with the maid Liza.
The mock modesty of Molchalin was shattered, as it turned out that he was a two-faced and dangerous person.
Sophia is disappointed, because the one on whom she pinned her hopes turned out to be a scoundrel and a hypocrite. “Go no further, I have heard a lot, Horrible man! I’m ashamed of myself,” she laments, finally seeing that she wanted to connect her life with an unworthy, insignificant man.
Readers' reviews about the heroine of the play
“Sofya Famusova surprises with her dual nature. On the one hand, she is kind, loves and pities Molchalin very much, although she sees that he is intellectually lower than her, on the other hand, she commands the household with might and main. It is a pity that the fate of this girl did not work out. In my opinion, if she connected her life with Chatsky, she would be happy.
“In tandem - Sophia, Molchalin, Chatsky - I feel sorry for Alexander Chatsky. He came specially to propose to the girl, wanted to marry her, but she refused him, preferring Molchalin, an intelligent man, who did not have high intelligence. In addition, she spread rumors that Chatsky was crazy. It's a pity that on a normal and smart person leaves its mark on the society where he lives and interacts with people, and few people dare to swim against the current in this case.
