Literature lesson in 9th grade
Theme: "Chatsky and Molchalin" in A.S. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit"
The purpose of the lesson: to continue working on disclosure ideological content comedies, to show the essence of the moral clash between Chatsky and Molchalin.
Lesson objectives:
- formation of analysis skills dramatic work to stimulate the independence of students in the search for answers to the questions posed;
- develop skills comparative analysis, the ability to highlight the main thing, generalize, draw conclusions, develop the speech of students;
- to educate the moral qualities of students (conscience, duty, honesty).
Visibility:
portrait of A.S. Griboyedov,
comedy illustrations,
list of critical literature,
texts of the comedy “Woe from Wit” (textbook)
Equipment:
computer,
student presentation,
cards with critical statements of writers about the hero of the comedy, about Chatsky.
Preliminary homework:
find aphorisms in the text of a comedy (for everyone),
prepare a presentation (prepared by one student with the help of a teacher).
Lesson plan
Organizing time lesson. Setting lesson goals.
Examination homework:
quiz “Do you know the aphorisms of the comedy “Woe from Wit”?;
presentation of the student “Famus society in the comedy “Woe from Wit”;
characteristic of Chatsky and Famusov.
For each item of checking homework, a conclusion follows.
Conversation on previously studied material. Conclusions.
Studying new topic:
introductory speech of the teacher;
discussion on the topic of the lesson. Conclusions;
practical work with cards (critical statements about the comedy hero, Chatsky);
analysis of statements about Molchalin;
class work with a table;
generalization on the topic of the lesson (a comparative description of the heroes, Chatsky and Molchalin is given).
The results of the lesson + reflection.
Make notes in your notebook during the lesson.
Homework:
A) analysis of Chatsky's monologue (from the last act) in writing (to everyone);
B) prepare a test on the topic covered (optional).
During the classes
I. Organizational moment of the lesson.
Teacher's word:
Hello guys! Today we have guests, you already know that this sometimes happens. Let's wish each other success. Today we will continue to study the comedy “Woe from Wit”, we will talk about representatives of the Famus society, we will see how different opinions can be younger generation for one thing or another.
problem question:
Young people are all very different. And how does the Famus society want to see them?
Can you name a work in which we have already considered this issue? ("Undergrowth")
II. Checking homework.
Your attention is invited to the quiz “Do you know the aphorisms of the comedy “Woe from Wit?”
Quiz questions:
What do happy people not see? (hours)
A mixture of what languages ​​dominated in Moscow during the times of Griboyedov? (Moscow with Nizhny Novgorod)
Where are we good? (where we are not)
How does the comedy end? (carriage to me, carriage!)
Finish the aphorisms:
Fresh legend (but hard to believe)
And the smoke of the fatherland (we are sweet and pleasant)
Oh! My God! What will (say Princess Marya Alekseevna)
Presentation of the student on the topic “Famus Society”, a reflection of the views and positions of representatives of this society). The presentation was prepared by a 9th grade student Julia Kartunova.
III. Conversation on previously studied material
Questions:
What genre is comedy? Why? (Remember -3 unity, speaking surnames)
In what phenomenon and action does Chatsky appear? Is it logical?
Why is so much space given to the description of Famusov's house in Act I?
Who would you classify as "the current age" and who as "the past age"? What is the main thing for them, we could learn from the presentation?
Which of the characters do you like? What moral qualities does this character have?
Famusov - chief representative high society personifies old Moscow, and Famusov's house is Moscow. The old way of life prevails here - old customs and old mores. 1. Famusov is a smart person, important official but a gullible father. Everyone in the house deceives him: both the servants and the daughter. In his speeches, Famusov looks like a remnant of the past. But this is a misleading impression: 2. Famusov is smart, his speech is apt and aphoristic. Why does a smart person look stupid and seem like that? Yes, because he keeps obsolete moral rules, consciously, of his own free will, professes morality that has gone into the past. 3. The reason for Famus's "stupidity" is in stubborn inertia and open rejection of any changes that are denied in advance and are considered as an attempt on the primordial and traditionally sanctified order. 4. Famusov rejects reality. And a person cut off from reality involuntarily looks ridiculous and stupid.
(Write in a notebook selected)
IV. Exploring a new topic
1. Word of the teacher (recording the topic in notebooks)
So, in the center of our views - Chatsky Alexander Andreevich - the smartest person. He has everything to become a hero of his time. Griboedov was the first in Russian literature to create an image goodie who embodied in his worldview the real features human XIX century. Chatsky and another hero Molchalin are contemporaries. And how could they not be the support and hope of their country. But what path will they choose? What is the main thing for them? Which one is more important to society? Therefore, the theme of the lesson "Chatsky and Molchalin"
2. Conversation on the topic of the lesson (work with the use of comedy text)
Questions:
How long have Chatsky and Molchalin known each other?
Under what circumstances do they meet again?
What do the characters say to each other when they meet?
Does Griboedov give the characteristics of the heroes? If so, which ones?
Do you like Chatsky and Molchalin?
3. Practical work
Cards with critical statements about Chatsky are distributed. Students' opinions are heard. General conclusion: the perception of the image of Chatsky in literature.
Card number 1
Grigoriev A. A.: “Chatsky is still the only heroic face of our literature, an honest and active nature, moreover, the nature of a fighter”
Card number 2
Dostoevsky F.M.: “Chatsky is a Decembrist. His whole idea is in the denial of the former, recent, naive worship. Everyone sniffed Europe, and liked the new manners. Precisely only manners, because the essence of worship and servility in Europe is the same.”
Card number 3
Griboyedov A.S.: “and this person is, of course, in contradiction with the society surrounding him, no one understands him, no one wants to forgive, why he is a little higher than the others”
Card number 4
Herzen A. I .: “This is a Decembrist, this is a man who completes the era of Peter I and tries to see, at least on the horizon promised land which he will not see."
Card number 5
Belinsky V.G.: “This is just a screamer, an ideal buffoon. Is it really possible to enter society and start scolding everyone in the eyes with fools and cattle, does it mean to be a deep person? .. This is a boy on a stick on horseback, who imagines that he is sitting on a horse. not from the mind, but from cleverness. We clearly see that the poet, in earnest, wanted to portray in Chatsky the ideal of a deep person in contradiction with society, but God knows what happened.
Card number 6
Goncharov A.I.: “Chatsky is inevitable with each change of one century to another. Chatsky's position on the social ladder is varied, but the role and fate are all the same, from major state and political personalities who control the fate of the masses, to a modest share in a close circle.

Fizminutka (conducted by the teacher)

Now about Molchalin: (see blank 1) + his statements
Why did Sophia's fainting, caused by the news of Molchalin's fall from a horse, not convince Chatsky that it was not he, but Molchalin, who was the chosen one of her heart?
Why is he so persistently looking for a meeting with Sophia?
What features of Molchalin are revealed in a conversation with Sophia?
And why does Chatsky conclude: “Naughty, she doesn’t love him”?
For what life principles lives Molchalin?
What properties of the nature of this character allow to classify
Him to the people of the “gone century”?
Why does Famus Moscow need Molchalin?
statement actors
Sofia:
“Suddenly a dear man, one of those whom we will See as if we have known each other for a century, Appeared here with me; and insinuating and smart, but timid "
"Whom I love is not like this:
Molchalin is ready to forget himself for others,
The enemy of insolence, always shy, timid"
Chatsky:
"Where is he, by the way?
Have you broken the silence of the press yet?
It used to be songs where brand new notebooks
He sees, sticks: please write off.
And yet, he will reach certain degrees,
After all, now they love the dumb"
Lisa:
"Tell me why
You and the young lady are modest, but are you a rake from the maid?
Chatsky:
“Molchalin used to be so stupid! .. The most miserable creature!”
Sofia:
“And he? .. will be silent and hang his head”
“Look, he has gained the friendship of everyone in the house: He has been serving with the priest for three years,
He often gets angry for no reason,
And he will disarm him with silence.”
“He is, finally, compliant, modest, quiet, There is not a shadow of anxiety in his face”
Chatsky:
“Helpful, modest, there is a blush in his face. Here he is on tiptoe, and not rich in words.
"Molchalin! Who else will settle things so peacefully! so the pug will stroke the pug in time, then rub the card at the right time ”
Clarifying questions
Y Who is Molchalin? What are the details of his biography?
Y Why did Sophia fall in love with this person? What is he like in her mind? Or maybe it's just a hobby?
Y What is the purpose of Molchalin's life? By what means does he want to achieve it?
Y How are the traits of his character reflected in Molchalin's speech?
Y Can Molchalin become different?
C) Literary-critical material

Here is how the outstanding Russian writer I. Goncharov wrote about Molchalin:
“Molchalin, although a poor little official, he lives in better society, adopted in the first houses, plays cards with noble old women, therefore, is not devoid of certain decorum in manner and tone. He is "ingratiating, quiet," the play says of him. This domestic cat, soft, affectionate, who wanders around the house, and if he fornicates, then secretly and decently!
(From the article by I. Goncharov "A Million of Torments")
Y Justify this assessment of Molchalin. Could you add something to the characteristic given by Goncharov?
y Why are Molchalins especially dangerous?
Do you agree with all Goncharov's conclusions?

Now let's see what and to whom Molchalin himself says:
“At my age, one should not dare to have His own judgment”
“I don’t see anything enviable in Sofya Pavlovna,”
« Let's go love to share our deplorable steal,
"We'll spend time without a wedding,"
“I have three little things”, “clever work”, “Outside a mirror, and a mirror inside”

"As far as I work and strength",
“No, sir, everyone has their own talent”, “Two-sir: Moderation and accuracy”,
“You weren’t given ranks, were you unsuccessful in your service?”,
"I dare not pronounce my judgment"

"You are a funny creature! alive!"
"What is your face!",
"Pillow, beaded pattern",
“The needle case and scissors, how cute!”,
"With perfume bottles: mignonette and jasmine",
“Who would have guessed that in these cheeks, in these veins of Love, the blush has not yet played!”,
“My angel, I would like to feel the same for her as I feel for you; No, no matter how I keep telling myself, I’m getting ready to be gentle, but I’ll hang out and get a sheet, ”
“Let me hug you from the heart of fullness”, “Why is she not you!”

4. Class work with the table.
The guys work with the table “Comparative characteristics of Chatsky and Molchalin”
Comparative features
Chatsky
Molchalin

Origin
Moscow-famous noble family
Unknown poor employee

Behavior
free, independent
Serving, pleasing to all

Life values
I would be happy to serve. Serving is boring!
“And take awards and have fun”

Attitude towards Sophia
He loves and does not hide his feelings from Sophia and her father
“And now I take the form of a lover in the pleasing of the daughter of such a person”

Attitude towards the Famus society
Does not accept the morality of the Famus society
He cherishes the fact that he got into this society and wants to gain a foothold in it. He especially hopes for Famusov in this

Generalization on the whole topic
Who do people usually respect? Who do they like? To the one who works or to the one who lives at the expense of others? Molchalin is working, but Chatsky is not. Can we say that we like Molchalin? Why?
Conclusions. It is unacceptable to live like Molchalin: (constantly pleasing everyone, being dishonest, constantly deceiving, fawning, etc.). “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” - such is the position of Chatsky. Naturally, we see differences between these representatives of the younger generation. A person chooses the path he will follow
And what does the Famus society of young people want to see? (Such as Molchalin)
V. The results of the lesson. You know from your literature and history lessons that getting into high society is extraordinarily difficult. high society seeks rapprochement with representatives only of his own circle. BUT:
Why don't representatives of the Famus society accept Chatsky? And willingly communicate with Molchalin?
Who is the "real" sincere person in comedy?
Which character is closer to you?
What associations do you have with the names of Chatsky and Molchalin?
Reflection:
What do you remember about today's lesson?
What did you think about while working on the analysis of these characters?
Is this question (the topic of the lesson) relevant for our days?
Will the knowledge you acquired in the lesson help in life?
VI. Homework:
Analysis of Chatsky's monologue (from the last act) in writing (to everyone);
Prepare a test on the topic covered (optional).

The very name of the comedy "Woe from Wit" is significant. For enlighteners who are convinced of the omnipotence of knowledge, the mind is a synonym for happiness. But the forces of reason in all epochs have fallen serious trials. New advanced ideas are not always accepted by society, and the bearers of these ideas are often declared crazy.

It is no coincidence that Griboyedov also addresses the topic of the mind. His comedy is a story about cutting-edge ideas and society's reaction to them. At first, the name of the play was "Woe to the Wit", which the writer would later change to "Woe from Wit".

Even before Chatsky's arrival, the idea of ​​madness hovers in Famusov's house. She is associated with negative attitude to education and enlightenment. Famusov directly tells Sofya that he sees no use in reading. Each hero of the comedy will express his opinion about learning. But they all agree on one thing: "Learning is the plague." Just like that, "Famus Moscow" will explain the reason for Chatsky's madness, not accepting his criticism, ridiculing their way of life.

Each of the heroes of comedy has its own definition. smart person.

For Famusov, the one who is practical is smart. He considers Chatsky smart, but a completely unsuitable party for his daughter. But Skalozub - this is what you need: "And the golden bag, and aims at the generals." It is with Skalozub that Famusov will talk about the danger of such smart people in society as Chatsky. After all, Chatsky, according to Famusov, does not know how to use the acquired knowledge: neither wealth nor ranks of knowledge helped him achieve it. Famusov even has the ideal of a smart person - Maxim Petrovich. Famusov says about him: "In our opinion, he is smart." And all the intelligence of Maxim Petrovich consisted in the ability to bravely sacrifice his head in the hope of royal attention. Thanks to this “intelligence”, that is, the ability to “bend over backwards”, to serve where necessary, Maxim Petrovich achieved ranks and wealth.

Molchalin, Famusov's secretary, also has his own idea of ​​the mind. This is the practical mind. Molchalin has a dream: to become some high official or a general. For this, he is ready for a lot. Not to have an opinion, to show that he is capable of doing any job, to humiliate himself in front of anyone, to flatter everyone in a row. Molchalin is a man without faith, without ideas, without thoughts. Molchalin has his own program of action. And he follows it without thinking about the means by which the goal can be achieved. He is the embodiment of Famusov's idea: "to please all people without exception", to live "as the fathers did." Yes, and he loves Sophia "by position."

Chatsky is the exact opposite of Molchalin. He's smart, he's got a heart, and he's incredibly honest. Chatsky's speech is apt and expressive, full of irony and indignation. His love for Sophia is selfless and honest. The hero is a patriot who believes in the strength of the Russian people, his talent. He is annoyed by the imitation of everything foreign. He wants to serve the real cause, and not humiliate himself for the sake of rank. The mind of Chatsky is the mind advanced man. But society does not accept his views, as they contradict the way of life of the Moscow nobility.

Sophia is a smart girl. Her mind is also practical. After all, she draws all her knowledge about life from French sentimental novels. Therefore, Molchalin becomes her lover. Everything is like in the novels: a poor young man who fell in love with a girl from a noble family.

The play presents another type of mind - the natural, worldly mind of a commoner. He is embodied in the image of the maid Lisa. It is she who says about Chatsky that he is "sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp." About Famusov, Lisa will say that "like all Moscow people, he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks." Of course, Lisa is smart, cunning, resourceful, but still very devoted to her mistress.

So, in the comedy "Woe from Wit" Griboedov presents different types mind: from the practical mind to the worldly wise. And Chatsky became the embodiment of the progressive mind. But the Famus society scares such a mind, and better representative progressive mind to be declared insane and forced to leave Moscow.

The image of Chatsky in the comedy A. S., Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

The image of Chatsky caused numerous controversies in criticism. I. A. Goncharov considered the hero Griboedov "a sincere and ardent figure", superior to Onegin and Pechorin. “... Chatsky is not only smarter than all other people, but also positively smart. His speech boils with intelligence, wit. He also has a heart, and, moreover, he is impeccably honest, ”wrote the critic. About the same way, Apollon Grigoriev spoke about this image, considering Chatsky a real fighter, an honest, passionate and truthful nature. Finally, Griboedov himself shared a similar opinion: “In my comedy there are 25 fools per sane person; and this person, of course, is in conflict with the society around him.

Belinsky assessed Chatsky in a completely different way, considering this image almost farcical: “... What deep man Chatsky? This is just a screamer, a phrase-monger, an ideal jester who profanes everything sacred that he talks about. ... This is a new Don Quixote, a boy on a stick on horseback, who imagines that he is sitting on a horse ... ". Pushkin also assessed this image in approximately the same way. “In the comedy Woe from Wit, who is the smart character? Answer: Griboedov. Do you know what Chatsky is? An ardent, noble and kind fellow, who spent some time with a very smart person (namely Griboyedov) and was fed by his witticisms and satirical remarks. Everything he says is very smart. But to whom does he say all this? Famusov? Puffer? At the ball for Moscow grandmothers? Molchalin? This is unforgivable,” the poet wrote in a letter to Bestuzhev.

Which of the critics is right in Chatsky's assessment? Let's try to understand the character of the hero.

Chatsky - a young man of the noble circle, smart, capable, received a good education serving big hopes. His eloquence, logic, depth of knowledge delight Famusov, who considers the possibility quite real for Chatsky brilliant career. However, Alexander Andreevich is disappointed in public service: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” he says to Famusov. In his opinion, it is necessary to serve "the cause, not the persons", "without demanding either places or promotion." Bureaucracy, servility, protectionism and bribery, so widespread in contemporary Moscow, are not acceptable for Chatsky. He does not find a social ideal in his own country:

Where? show us, fathers of the fatherland,

Which should we take as samples?

Are not these rich in robbery?

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,

Magnificent building chambers,

Where they overflow in feasts and extravagance,

And where foreign clients will not resurrect

The meanest traits of the past life.

Chatsky criticizes the rigidity of the views of Moscow society, its mental immobility. He also speaks against serfdom, recalling the landowner, who exchanged his servants, who repeatedly saved his life and honor, for three greyhounds. Behind the magnificent, beautiful uniforms of the military, Chatsky sees "weakness", "reason poverty." Nor does the hero recognize the "slavish, blind imitation" of everything foreign, which manifests itself in the foreign power of fashion, in the dominance of the French language.

Chatsky has his own judgment about everything, he frankly despises Molchalin's self-abasement, Maxim Petrovich's flattery and servility. Alexander Andreevich evaluates people by their inner qualities, regardless of rank and wealth.

It is characteristic that Chatsky, to whom “the smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant,” sees absolutely nothing positive in contemporary Moscow, in the “past century,” and finally, in those people for whom he should feel love, respect, gratitude. late father young man, Andrei Ilyich was probably a close friend of Pavel Afanasyevich. Chatsky's childhood and adolescence passed in the Famusovs' house, here he experienced the feeling of first love... However, from the first minute of his presence, almost all the hero's reactions to those around him are negative, he is sarcastic and caustic in his assessments.

What keeps the hero in a society that he hates so much? Only love for Sophia. As S. A. Fomichev notes, Chatsky rushed to Moscow after some special shock, desperately trying to find an elusive faith. Probably, during the trip abroad, the hero spiritually matured, experienced the collapse of many ideals, and began to evaluate the realities of Moscow life in a new way. And now he longs to find the former harmony of attitude - in love.

However, in love, Chatsky is far from “ideal”, not consistent. At first, he suddenly leaves Sophia, does not give any news about himself. Returning from distant wanderings after three years, he behaves as if he broke up with his beloved woman just yesterday. The questions and intonations of Chatsky at a meeting with Sophia are tactless: “Did your uncle jump back his age?”, “And that consumptive, your relatives, the enemy of books ...”, “You will get tired of living with them, and in whom you will not find spots?” As I. F. Smolnikov notes, this tactlessness can only be explained by the spiritual closeness that Chatsky feels in relation to Sophia, according to an old habit, considering her worldview close to his own.

In the depths of his soul, Chatsky probably does not even allow the thought that during his absence Sophia could fall in love with another. Not timid hope, but selfishness and self-confidence are heard in his words:

Well, kiss the same, did not wait? speak!

Well, for? No? Look at my face.

Surprised? but only? here's the welcome!

Chatsky cannot believe in Sophia's love for Molchalin, and here he is right to a certain extent. Sophia only thinks that she loves Molchalin, but she is mistaken in her feelings. When Alexander Andreevich is a witness to the failed meeting of the heroes, he becomes cruel and caustic:

You will make peace with him on mature reflection.

To destroy yourself, and for what!

Think you can always

Protect, and swaddle, and send for business.

Husband-boy, husband-servant, from the wife's pages -

The lofty ideal of all Moscow men.

Chatsky regards Sophia’s romance with Molchalin as a personal insult: “Here I am donated to whom! I don’t know how I tempered the rage in myself!” Perhaps Chatsky, to some extent, could understand Sophia if her chosen one was a worthy person, progressive views and principles. In this situation, the heroine automatically becomes an enemy of Chatsky, without causing him either pity or noble feelings. He doesn't understand at all inner world Sophia, assuming her reconciliation with Molchalin "by mature reflection."

Thus, the hero fails both "in the love field" and in the public. However, as N.K. Piksanov notes, “these two elements do not exhaust the psychological and everyday appearance of Chatsky. In literary criticism, another feature of Chatsky has long been noted: dandyism. With Molchalin, he is lordly arrogant. ...How socialite he keeps with the countess granddaughter. Finally, Chatsky's charming dialogue with Natalya Dmitrievna Griboedov maintains in the tone of flirting ... ".

Undoubtedly, civil position Chatsky was close to Griboyedov. Chatsky's criticism of the social order and way of life of the Moscow nobility in the 20s of the 19th century contains much that is true and life-truthful. But Chatsky spends all his “ardor” on declaring civic views and beliefs - in love, he is too dry, despite the sincerity of his feelings; he lacks kindness and cordiality. He is too ideological in relations with Sophia. And this is the most important contradiction in the character of the hero.

Grigoriev A. Regarding the publication of the old thing "Woe from Wit". - In the book: A. Grigoriev. Literary criticism. M., 1967. S. 503.

Griboyedov A.S. Letter to P.A. Katenin. - In the book: Griboyedov A.S. Poly. coll. op. Pg., 1917, v. 3. S. 167.

Belinsky V. G. Woe from Wit. - In the book: V. G. Belinsky. A look at Russian literature. M., 1987. S. 244.

Pushkin A.S. Letter to A.A. Bestuzhev. - In the book: A. S. Griboyedov in Russian criticism. M., 1958. S. 40.

Fomichev S. A. Comedy A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit": Commentary. The book for the teacher. M., 1983. S. 193.

Piksanov N.K. creative history"Woe from the mind." M., 1971.

The main idea of ​​A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” is to oppose the progressive revolutionary ideas of the Decembrists to the feudal system. But the problems raised in the work are much broader, deeper and multifaceted. They concern moral spiritual development society, moral, universal values.

The very name of the play - "Woe from Wit" - indicates that in it important role devoted to the question of "mind", or teachings, knowledge, education. This theme, one way or another, concerns all the characters. Reflecting on what is the mind, what is reasonable, what is true, the author shows two points of view: Chatsky, for whom supreme value- “a mind that is hungry for knowledge”, and Famusov, who is of the opinion that “learning is a plague, learning is the reason that now more than ever, crazy people divorced, and deeds, and opinions.” The Famus society seeks to oppose other values ​​to the true mind: Famusov - the foundations of the feudal nobility, Sophia - sentimental sensitivity, Molchalin - the precepts of the service hierarchy, Skalozub - iron discipline. At the same time, they all embark on arguments about the mind, praising it as good manners, as "the ability to live."

Representatives of the nobility sincerely consider themselves smart, that is, they “know how to live right”: “I didn’t eat on silver, on gold,” says one, “I just wish I could get into the generals,” another dreams, “Baron von Klotz in ministers met, and I'm his son-in-law," boasts the third. Any really sane person immediately understands how ridiculous such statements are, how far the Famus society is from real education. The younger generation in Famusov's circle receives such an upbringing, in which the possibility of true enlightenment is excluded in advance: “To teach our daughters everything - and dance! and singing! and tenderness! and sigh." After all, the main thing in this society is “balls, dinners, cards, gossip”. There is no place for a real mind and high culture.

Chatsky, the only intelligent person among all these fools, is unacceptable and alien to their views. He laughs at Famusov and his entourage, exposes their life and customs. He denounces those who, without a twinge of conscience, exchange faithful servants for “three greyhounds”, unleashes his anger on that “lover” of art, who “drew rejected children on many wagons from mothers and fathers to the fortress ballet”, and then sold them one by one .

Chatsky has a great life experience behind him. Despite his young years, he was already engaged literary work, was in the military service, had connections with ministers, spent three years abroad, which enriched his mind with new impressions, greatly expanded his horizons. He treated every case that the hero was engaged in with all seriousness and responsibility - therefore, he feels love for the motherland, for his people, taken out of military service. But the order in the modern army did not satisfy Chatsky. He, having a high sense of personal and national dignity, independence of views and judgments, does not recognize servility and servility, common not only in the military environment, but throughout the entire Moscow society of that time. “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” - this is the main principle of the Griboedov hero. He believes that only intelligence, humanity, directness are qualities worthy of a real person.

In Famus society, the opposite is true. All its representatives are ignorant, limited people, mindlessly following outdated principles and views. They are the real enemies of enlightenment and education, science and culture. The poverty of the spirit and the ability to successfully settle in life, intolerance for everything new and unusual are the main features of these people. Their life is based on the morality of "submission and fear", on groveling before the mighty of the world this and on the oppression and humiliation of the weak. This is a real bunch of hypocrites, "noble scoundrels", petty scoundrels and notorious swindlers, united by mutual responsibility, irreconcilable hostility to the "Free Life", culture and enlightenment, to the slightest manifestation of independent thought and free feeling. In this world, without a shadow of embarrassment, they exchange serfs for greyhounds, gain honors and wealth by any means, “spill in feasts and extravagance”, live according to precepts and legends “ last century”, when the ideal of a person was considered a successful nobleman who had reached “known degrees” thanks to his humiliating servility and buffoonery. Famus society is alien to national culture, Russian customs, admiration for foreign has become a fashion here, in this world they are ready to exchange "mores, and language, and holy antiquity, and stately clothes for another according to the clownish model."

In such a society, everything bright and pure is doomed to death or exile. There's no place here sincere feelings and natural human relationships.

It is no coincidence that the author introduces the story of " love triangle» Chatsky, Sofia and Molchalin. In relation to the most exalted feeling - the feeling of love, the true nature of a person is revealed, his spiritual world. Chatsky's attitude to Sophia is deep and serious. He truly loves and appreciates the girl, wants to see her as his wife. Whereas Molchalin, whose whole life is focused on the desire to "achieve certain degrees", sees love as one of the means to achieve his own goal. Sophia herself stands out significantly from the Famus society: she is much smarter than the others, she is distinguished by her independence of behavior, she appreciates intelligence, kindness, modesty, and purity of soul in people. That is why Chatsky noticed and fell in love with her. But, despite her positive qualities, Sophia still belongs to the Moscow noble society. And this society every year more and more “crushes it under itself”, forcing them to live according to its laws and principles, share its views and support its “sentences”. So, without hesitation, she believes the gossip about the hero's insanity and even passes these rumors on to others.

Of course, the insane, soulless world of the Famusovs, Skalozubs and Molchalins is not able to understand and accept the intelligent, educated, sensitive, independent in judgment and behavior of Chatsky. Best human qualities and inclinations make the hero, in the view of others, at first "an eccentric", " a strange person", and then - just a madman.

Thus, A. S. Griboyedov raises in his comedy the most important universal questions: questions of morality, morality, education, upbringing; questions of love, honor, dignity, nobility, sincerity; questions of truth, truth, humanity. He exposes the insignificant world of the Famus society, which is characterized by low level education and culture, in which there are no high feelings, selfish interests, servility, servility, despotic attitude towards the peasants prevail. The author very aptly formulates the ideals of this society: "to take awards and live happily." But at the same time, the writer shows that in Russian society there are people like Chatsky: smart, honest, noble, sincere, independent, decisive. And there are more and more such people. This means that society is on the path of progress.

Composition on the topic: ETERNAL QUESTIONS IN A. S. GRIBOYEDOV’S COMEDY “Woe from Wit”

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Comedy "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov occupies a special place in the history of Russian literature. It combines the features of outgoing classicism with new artistic methods: realism and romanticism. In this regard, literary critics note the features of the image of the heroes of the play. If in the comedy of classicism before that all the characters were clearly divided into good and bad, then in Woe from Wit Griboyedov, bringing the characters closer to real life, endows them with both positive and negative qualities. Such is the image of Chatsky's main character in the play "Woe from Wit".

The background of the protagonist of the play "Woe from Wit"

In the first act, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky returns from a long journey around the world, where he went to "look for the mind." He, without stopping home, arrives at Famusov's house, because he is driven by sincere love for the daughter of the owner of the house. They were once brought up together. But now they did not see each other for three long years. Chatsky does not yet know that Sophia's feelings for him have cooled down, and her heart is occupied by others. Love affair subsequently gives rise to a social clash between Chatsky, a nobleman of advanced views, and the Famus society of feudal lords and clergymen.

Even before Chatsky appears on the stage, we learn from Sophia's conversation with the maid Lisa that he is "sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp." It is noteworthy that Lisa remembered this hero when the conversation turned to the mind. It is the mind that is the feature that distinguishes Chatsky from the rest of the characters.

Contradictions in the character of Chatsky

If we trace the development of the conflict between the main character of the play "Woe from Wit" and the people with whom he is forced to interact, we can understand that Chatsky's character is ambiguous. Arriving at Famusov’s house, he began a conversation with Sophia by asking about her relatives, using a caustic tone and sarcasm: “Did your uncle jump back his eyelid?”
Indeed, in the play “Woe from Wit”, the image of Chatsky represents a rather quick-tempered, in some moments tactless young nobleman. Throughout the play, Sophia reproaches Chatsky for his habit of ridiculing the vices of other people: “The slightest strangeness in whom is barely visible, your wit is immediately ready.”

His harsh tone can only be justified by the fact that the hero is sincerely outraged by the immorality of the society in which he finds himself. Fighting her is a matter of honor for Chatsky. For him, it is not the goal to prick the interlocutor. He asks Sophia in surprise: “... Are my words really all sharp? And tend to harm someone? The fact is that all the issues raised resonate in the soul of the hero, he cannot control his emotions, his indignation. He has "mind and heart out of tune." Therefore, the hero squanders his eloquence even on those who are clearly not ready to accept his arguments. A.S. Pushkin, after reading the comedy, spoke this way about this: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at first glance who you are dealing with and not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs ...” And I.A. Goncharov, on the contrary, believed that Chatsky's speech was "boiling with wit."

The peculiarity of the worldview of the hero

The image of Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit" largely reflects the worldview of the author himself. Chatsky, like Griboedov, does not understand and does not accept the slavish admiration of Russian people for everything foreign. In the play, the tradition of inviting foreign teachers to the house to raise children is repeatedly ridiculed by the protagonist: “... Today, just like in ancient times, they are busy recruiting regiments of teachers, more in number, at cheaper prices.”

Chatsky has a special relationship with the service. For Famusov, Chatsky's opponent in Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit, his attitude to the hero is determined by the fact that he "does not serve, that is, in that ... he does not find any benefit." Chatsky, on the other hand, clearly indicates his position on this issue: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve.”

That is why Chatsky speaks with such anger about the habit of the Famus society to treat disadvantaged people with contempt and curry favor with influential people. If for Famusov his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who fell on purpose at a reception at the empress in order to please her and the court, is a role model, then for Chatsky he is just a jester. He does not see among the conservative nobility those from whom it would be worth taking an example. Enemies free life, "passionate for ranks", prone to wastefulness and idleness - this is who the old aristocrats are for the protagonist of the comedy "Woe from Wit" Chatsky.

Chatsky is also annoyed by the desire of the old Moscow nobles to make useful contacts everywhere. And they attend balls for this purpose. Chatsky prefers not to mix business with fun. He believes that everything should have its place and time.

In one of his monologues, Chatsky expresses dissatisfaction with the fact that as soon as a young man appears among the nobles who wants to devote himself to the sciences or the arts, and not to the pursuit of ranks, everyone begins to fear him. And they are afraid of such people, to whom Chatsky himself belongs, because they threaten the well-being and comfort of the nobles. They bring new ideas into the structure of society, but the aristocrats are not ready to part with the old way of life. Therefore, the gossip about the madness of Chatsky, launched by Sophia, turned out to be very useful. This made it possible to make his monologues safe and disarm the enemy of the conservative views of the nobles.

Feelings and features of the inner experiences of the hero

When characterizing Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit", you can pay attention to his last name. She is speaking. Initially, this hero bore the surname Chadsky, from the word "Chad". This is related to the fact that main character is, as it were, in a daze of his own hopes and upheavals. Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit" is experiencing a personal drama. He came to Sophia with certain hopes that did not come true. Moreover, the beloved preferred Molchalin to him, who is clearly inferior to Chatsky in intelligence. Chatsky is also burdened by being in a society whose views he does not share, which he is forced to resist. The hero is in constant tension. By the end of the day, he finally understands that his paths have diverged both with Sophia and with the Russian conservative nobility. Only one hero cannot accept: why is fate favorable to cynical people who seek personal gain in everything, and so ruthless to those who are guided by the dictates of the soul, and not by calculation? If at the beginning of the play Chatsky is in the daze of his dreams, now he has opened true position things, and he "sobered up".

The meaning of the image of Chatsky

The creation of the image of Chatsky Griboedov was led by the desire to show the brewing split in the nobility. The role of Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit" is quite dramatic, because he remains in the minority and is forced to retreat and leave Moscow, but he does not deviate from his views. So Griboedov shows that Chatsky's time has not yet come. It is no coincidence that such heroes are classified as extra people in Russian literature. However, the conflict has already been identified, so the replacement of the old by the new is ultimately inevitable.

The above description of the image of the protagonist is recommended for students of grade 9 to read before writing an essay on the topic “The image of Chatsky in the comedy “Woe from Wit””

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