"I go out alone on the road…"
If only he knew how in all ages
Will excite people and touch,
Burn the hearts of his string.
Knight of honor, young beacon of reason,
If I knew that until the days ahead
Motherland as the son of the wise-eyed
She will keep him in her chest.
V. Turkin.
A few days before July 15, before the duel and death, Lermontov’s was written “I go out alone on the road ...”
IN night hour the poet goes out alone to the deserted slope of Mashuk. In the sky - the southern blue night, in the foggy blue light - the earth. The stars twinkle, their distant rays become brighter, then they go out a little. There, at the top, a mysterious conversation.
Peace and quiet, but:
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
IN moonlight the road, covered with small stone scree of the Mashuk rocks, spread ahead - a flinty path. The poet walked alone along it:
I don't expect anything from life...
And I don't feel sorry for the past at all.
“I go out alone on the road ...”, belonging “to the best creatures Lermontov. The poet is excited by the grandeur of the night, fascinated by the solemn silence and peace poured into nature. This mood is transmitted to us, the readers. We see the “silty path”, and “blue radiance”, and bright stars, we feel the solemn silence of the night. This is a hymn to beauty, the harmony of a free and powerful nature that knows no contradictions.
From the night landscape, drowning in a blue radiance, the poet's thought turns to human society in which passions and spiritual anxieties rage, to their sad thoughts. For the poet it is “painful and… difficult” because there is no “freedom and peace”. But he loves life with its sufferings and joys, drives away the flashed thought of death.
Anticipating everything, understanding everything, Lermontov entered his poem into Odoevsky's Notebook. It has already been told about the fate of an oak leaf, torn off from a native branch and carried away by a storm to the distant coast of the Black Sea, where a young plane tree grows, from which it whispers sea wind, free birds sway and sing their songs in its branches; was told sad story about how she refused to give shelter to a wanderer full of life and happiness plane tree - a story about life and death.
This book also includes "Dream", and a poem about how a cloud spent the night on the chest of a giant cliff and in golden morning rays early rushed off into the distance, merrily playing on the azure, leaving and forgetting the cliff, over which tears quietly flowed.
Here is the famous "Prophet".
“I go out alone on the road” is written as a testament. The last thing the poet passes on to his descendants: he did not refuse either all-seeing or responsibility. Lermontov knew at what cost his poetry went down in history.
The poem most fully reflected the features of Lermontov's lyrics, the methods of his writing. The poet's gaze is focused not so much on the external world as on the emotional experiences of a person. It reveals the struggle of conflicting thoughts and desires. The genre of the work is a lyrical monologue, a sincere confession, questions asked to oneself and answers to them: “Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? Waiting for what? Do I regret anything?" The poet deeply and subtly reveals the psychology of the lyrical hero, his momentary moods and experiences.
The composition of the poem is divided into two parts. In the first - a magnificent stucco landscape. Amazing metaphors depicting beauty and quiet enchantment southern night: (“a star speaks with a star”; “the desert listens to God”). Starting from the third stanza, the author turns to his thoughts and anxious thoughts. The confusion of his soul is very figuratively conveyed by exclamatory sentences and silences. Everything is directed to the future, to the dream. The frequent repetition of the pronoun "I" and the union "to" give the narrative a conditional subjunctive. In this part, nouns predominate, a special semantic emphasis falls on them: “past”, “life”, “peace”, “freedom”, “dream”, “strength”.
The poem is written in trochaic pentameter with alternating feminine and masculine rhymes. Cross rhyme. The stanzas are clear quatrains. All this gives a special melody and smoothness to the verse. The use of sound recording (frequent repetition of hissing sounds) gives the narration a sincerity, imitates quiet speech, whispers in the night.
At the end of the poem, the image of a giant oak appears - a symbol eternal life and power. It is this image that attracts the attention of the poet, warms him troubled soul. It gives hope for immortality. Such a living monument the poet would like to erect over his last refuge:
So that all night, all day cherishing my hearing,
About love to me sweet voice sang,
Above me so that, forever green,
The dark oak leaned and rustled.
And such a huge oak grows in Tarkhany, on small homeland poet. Every year, on Memorial Day, thousands of people come here to bow to the ashes of the great Russian genius. And the oak rustles its foliage over the Tarkhan paths, over the lake, like an eternal watchman of sad places. Poets compose verses here again:
If he knew at the moment of a mortal wound,
If he knew, falling in the blood,
That the spring of his fate is Tarkhany
Become the pulse of sorrow and love,
A place where, bowing in strict silence,
There will be people from capitals and villages
Listen to the star road
On which Lermontov passed.
V. Turkin.
Tasks and tests on the topic "Analysis of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "I go out alone on the road" (Perception, interpretation, evaluation.)"
- The base of the word. Parsing words by composition. Analysis of the word composition model and selection of words according to these models - Composition of the word grade 3
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "I go out alone on the road ..." was written between May and July 1841, in the year of the poet's death. Since the work is related to late period creativity of Lermontov, then in it we can trace all the features of truly Lermontov's poetry.
Many images of the work were inspired by Heine's poem "Death is a night, a cool dream" from his "Book of Songs". It says:
Death is the night, cool sleep
And life is a hard, stuffy day ...
... I sleep - and the linden rustles in the sky,
The nightingale sings on the linden tree...
And the song comes from love,
I listen even in my sleep.
But even with a superficial reading of the poems of Heine and Lermontov, the difference is obvious. Lermontov borrows images from Heine, but expands and deepens the subject matter.
The poem consists of Lermontov's symbolic words and symbols. In the first stanza, in the verse, the theme of a lonely fate, wandering appears:
I go out alone on the road;
Through the mist the flinty path shines...
It seems that the road of the lyrical hero goes to infinity. In the same lines, the most important motive for the poet appeared - the motive of loneliness. The lyrical hero opposes himself to the whole world. But the world around him is whole. Heaven and earth merge in the poem and emphasize the loneliness of the hero even more clearly.
The theme of the desert, appearing in the same first stanza, may symbolize the place of the solitary rendezvous of the lyrical hero with the universe. The hero's appeal to the sky, the "blue radiance", the cosmic latitude is replaced by an appeal to another cosmos - his soul.
The hero asks important questions for him:
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
The last line contains the motif of the past and the future. In the future for yourself lyrical hero I would like only “freedom and peace”, which can be obtained by forgetting, falling asleep. And here, for the first time in the poem, intrigue is introduced: a hint of the theme of death begins to sound. The symbol of death as a dream was widely used by Shakespeare:
Die, sleep. - Fall asleep!
And dreaming, maybe? ...
But in Lermontov's poem, the theme of death is not developed. His dream is interpreted differently. This is just a dream, bright and beautiful.
Contradiction is hidden in the work. The poem begins with a beautiful light description of nature. The change of mood occurs in the last two lines of the second quatrain. The image of animated nature, full of promises, loses its appeal for the hero. He feels the dissatisfaction of his "I", the world fades for him, and he seems to be striving for death. But in the fourth quatrain, a turning point occurs again, which stops the theme of death and returns us to optimism. The last quatrain breaks the whole picture and makes the poem an anthem of love. And the theme of the love song and the "dark oak" at the end create an image of bliss.
By genre, the poem can be classified as an elegy. But the structure of the work combines the features of elegiac meditation and song. Here such song techniques as repetitions-picks are used (questions in the second stanza, “I am looking for” - “I would like” - “I would like”, “so that in the chest” - “so that breathing” - “so that all night”) , articulating stanzas (the third stanza answers the question posed in the second, and the fourth continues the thought begun in the third stanza).
The poem consists of five numbered quatrains written in iambic pentameter. It is necessary to pay attention to the feature poetic size: each line contains a deceptive "anapestic move", that is, it begins as an anapaest, in fact, being an iambic. The rhyme is cross with alternation of male and female clauses.
I would like to draw attention to one line: "The earth is sleeping in the radiance of blue ...". Of course, Lermontov is talking about heaven. IN mid-nineteenth century, not a single person has yet seen the Earth from space. But the genius of the creator was able to create a cosmic picture. When reading this line before the eyes of everyone modern man the image of our beautiful blue (really, blue - and here Lermontov was right) planet rises in the radiance of the atmosphere.
The dream that the poet is talking about is not only love. Lermontov also dreamed of eternity - liberation from earthly time, immortality and communion with the eternal life of the universe. He did not want to die, like an evergreen "dark oak". And his dream came true. The poet gained immortality through his poetry.
In this regard, the poem “I go out alone on the road ...” is extremely significant, written, as is commonly believed, in the saddest and hopeless moment of the state of the poet’s spirit.
The lyrical hero in the poem is placed face to face with the entire universe. Being on the ground, he embraces with his eyes both the “road”, and the “siliceous path”, and the Universe (terrestrial and cosmic “desert”). The most important characters"of this little mystery -" I ", the Universe (earth and sky), God.
The time of action is night, when the universe is still awake, and the earth is plunged into an active sleep, which excludes death. The hour of mysterious communication visible from the earth is coming celestial bodies with each other and with a higher being. Everything transient and momentary has gone into non-existence, everything material and social has retired and disappeared. Man was left alone with the earth, with the sky, with the stars and with God. Between them, it would seem, there is nothing that would interfere with a direct and lively conversation. There are no conflicts in the Universe, harmony reigns all around: "The desert listens to God", "And the star speaks to the star." Night is a beautiful dream of being:
In heaven solemnly and wonderfully!
The earth sleeps in the radiance of blue ...
Heaven and earth are in harmony. The Universe reveals life in its majestic calmness and regal power.
The lyrical hero also experiences harmony with the Universe, but the agreement is outside the lyrical "I". Inner world lyrical "I" is full of excitement, anxiety and anxiety. A disharmonious hero is placed in the center of a harmoniously arranged Universe:
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Waiting for what? do I regret anything?
Following these troubling questions are the answers:
I don't expect anything from life
And I do not feel sorry for the past at all ...
It would seem that the lyrical hero completely despaired and froze in sad hopelessness. However, his soul is not at all empty, and the desires in him have not died out:
I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget and fall asleep!
It can be said that the lyrical hero longs for the same harmony outside and inside himself, which he observes and experiences in the Universe. He dreams of eternal merging with all natural existence, but not at the cost of dissolving his personality in nature or the cosmos, not at the cost of physical and spiritual death. An active “sleep” becomes a metaphor for bliss and happiness, by analogy with the sleeping “in the radiance of blue” earth, which in the night Universe is surrounded by beauty and harmony. Therefore, the “dream” of the lyrical hero is conceived in earthly images that return the hero to the sinful earth, and always, not only at night, but also during the day, retaining signs of universal bliss and happiness. The desire to “forget and fall asleep” does not involve death, but the enjoyment of the values of life:
But not with that cold dream of the grave...
I wish I could sleep like this forever
To doze in the chest life force,
So that when breathing, the chest rises quietly;
So that all night, all day cherishing my hearing,
A sweet voice sang to me about love,
Above me to be forever green
The dark oak leaned and rustled.
The poem "I go out alone on the road ..." combines the consciousness of the unattainability of "freedom and peace", and a passionate aspiration for eternal life, filled with natural beauty and harmony. Personality in its desires is conceived as equal to the universe and life in their immortal, majestic and sublime manifestations - in nature, love, art. To merge the eternal and the transient, the limited and the boundless into one, to forget oneself as a mortal and to feel renewed and eternally alive - such are the dreams of Lermontov, who, wanting to combine the incompatible, applies two measures to himself (and to man in general) - the finite and the infinite. It is clear that this kind of romantic maximalism is impossible, but Lermontov does not agree to anything less and therefore is always dissatisfied, disappointed, deceived and offended. However, the same romantic maximalism speaks of the height of claims to the world and man, of the height of those requirements for poetry that Lermontov makes. In the poem “I go out alone on the road ...” new ideals are announced, on which, perhaps, Lermontov wanted to rely in order to get out of creative crisis. If in the poem "Dead Man's Love" the dead hero admits that "In the land of peace and oblivion" he did not forget earthly love if he challenges God (“What is the radiance of God’s power to me And holy paradise? I transferred earthly passions There with me”), then in the poem “I go out alone on the road ...” he, on the contrary, transfers heavenly beauty and harmony to earth, and his feelings cease to be rebellious and rebellious, giving the hero pleasure and peace.
It is quite clear that a way out of the creative crisis is just outlined, and therefore it is difficult to say in which direction Lermontov's lyrics would develop in the future.
Questions and tasks
- What is the difference between Lermontov's early and mature lyrics? In the system of feelings or in style?
- In what poems did the tragedy of Lermontov's consciousness express itself with the greatest force, and what aspects of it are illuminated in mature lyrics?
- Where do you think Lermontov's rebelliousness is felt more - in early or mature lyrics?
- Where is the poet trying to find a way out of tragedy and on what basis? What role do poetry, love, nature, religion play in this?
- How does it change genre system lyrics by Lermontov mature period compared to before? Tell us about the genres of elegy, epistle, romance, ballad and their fate in the poet's mature lyrics.
- Think about the difference between Pushkin's poetics and Lermontov's.
Analysis of the poem
1. The history of the creation of the work.
2. Characteristics of the work lyrical genre(type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).
3. Analysis of the content of the work (analysis of the plot, characterization of the lyrical hero, motives and tone).
4. Features of the composition of the work.
5. Analysis of funds artistic expressiveness and versification (the presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).
6. The meaning of the poem for the entire work of the poet.
In many of Lermontov's poems: "Cliff", "It stands alone in the wild north", "Sail", "It is both boring and sad, and there is no one to give a hand to ..." - motifs of sadness and loneliness sound. But this motive is especially felt in the poem "I go out alone on the road." Before the poet's departure to Pyatigorsk, V.F. Odoevsky gave him notebook wishing to write it all down. After the death of Lermontov, this book was discovered, among other poems there was also “I go out alone on the road.” The work was written in 1841, a few days before the death of the poet.
The genre of the poem is a lyrical monologue, a confession of a lyrical hero, with elements of meditation. We can attribute it to landscape and philosophical-meditative lyrics.
The tone of the lyrical hero from the very beginning is striking in its sublimity, even some kind of solemnity. Our eyes open night landscape simple yet majestic at the same time.
I go out alone on the road;
Through the mist the flinty path gleams;
The night is quiet. The desert listens to God
And the star speaks to the star.
And already this sublime intonation hints at the deep meaning of this landscape. The road here is also the life path of the hero, the path that is predetermined from above, and on which each of us is alone. Everyone has their own destiny, and only the person himself can fulfill what is destined for him. And already in the first quatrain, a still barely noticeable alarming, disturbing motif of uncertainty, uncertainty arises: the hero sees his “path” “through the fog”, his life path is difficult (“flinty path”).
Then this motif in the poem grows, begins to sound clearer and more definite: silence and peace reign in nature, while in the soul of the lyrical hero there is chaos, a vague, obscure melancholy. It is “painful” and “difficult” for him, but in his feelings and thoughts there is still the same uncertainty, “fog”, the hero cannot understand the reasons for his condition:
In heaven solemnly and wonderfully!
The earth sleeps in the radiance of blue ...
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
He connects his feelings with regrets about the past (“Do I regret anything?”) And an anxious foreboding of the future (“Waiting for what?”). The life of the lyrical hero, as it were, focuses this living connection of times in the form of his feelings. The mind of the hero breaks this temporal connection:
I don't expect anything from life
And I do not feel sorry for the past at all;
I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget and fall asleep!
The lyrical hero wants to escape reality into the world of "freedom and peace." He would like to "forget and fall asleep." Here, the motive of oblivion seems to be very important, passing through all of Lermontov's work.
Love of insane languor,
grave dweller,
In the land of peace and oblivion
I didn't forget...
Pechorin reacts to his old, long-past feelings with the same force as to fresh, real feelings.
Therefore, the motive of oblivion, spiritual rest, peace is so important here. However, in the poem “I go out on the road alone”, this motif does not merge with the motif of death. Sleep here does not evoke in us associations with death, it is not the "cold dream of the grave." On the contrary, life in him seems stronger, more powerful and joyful than in the real being of the hero:
But not with that cold dream of the grave...
I wish I could sleep like this forever
So that the life of strength dozes in the chest,
So that, breathing, the chest rises quietly;
So that all night, all day cherishing my hearing,
A sweet voice sang to me about love,
Above me so that, forever green,
The dark oak leaned and rustled.
This image of an evergreen mighty oak is especially significant here. Oak is a symbol of the strength of life, its eternity and inviolability. Everything in this dream speaks of life, and not of death: the “sweet voice” singing about love, and the quiet breathing of the hero, and his sensitive hearing. Here the hero is full of strength, energy, inspiration, in his soul there is no longer a tragic discord of feelings. At the beginning of the poem, he seeks to "get away from life", in the final - "life is catching up with him" and he trusts her.
Compositionally, the poem is divided into two parts. The first part is a landscape, the second part is a description of the feelings of the lyrical hero. These parts are opposed. However, the ending of the poem corresponds to its beginning - a harmonious, peaceful picture of nature reappears there and the sharpness of the contrast softens. The ending, therefore, closes the circle here.
The poem is written in trochaic pentameter, with alternating masculine and feminine rhyme, quatrains. Rhyming - cross. All this gives smoothness and musicality to the verse. The beauty and grace reigning in nature are emphasized in the first part by epithets and metaphor (“the night is quiet”, “the earth sleeps in blue radiance”), “high” vocabulary (“the desert listens to God”). At the same time, another epithet already here sets the motive of the hero's spiritual disharmony - "the flinty path" recalls the difficulties of the life path. In the second part, the hero’s feelings are emphasized by an epithet (“the cold dream of the grave”), rhetorical questions (“Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? Waiting for what? Do I regret anything?”), Inversion (“I don’t expect anything from life ”), an anaphora (“I’m looking for freedom and peace! I would like to forget and fall asleep!”, “So that life forces doze in my chest, So that, breathing, my chest rises quietly”), exclamatory sentences("I'm looking for freedom and peace!"). The melodiousness of the poem is facilitated by alliteration (“I don’t expect anything from life, And I don’t feel sorry for the past at all”) and assonances (“But not with that cold dream of the grave”). The melodiousness and rhythm of the poem is also determined by its caesura (presence of pauses), which divide the poetic line into two halves (“The night is quiet // The desert listens to God”). The poem was set to music and became a well-known romance.
Thus, the lyrical hero finds the desired oblivion in the world of nature. And this feature is characteristic of many works of the poet.
Pierre Bezukhov is one of central characters Tolstoy's novel War and Peace.
His appearance with soft and rounded shapes, a full, kind face with glasses and a sincere childish smile distinguish him from all other characters, making the image memorable and very uncommon.
Throughout the work, he lives a difficult and interesting life, complete various events and life tests.
Characteristics of the main character
Pierre is the illegitimate son of the wealthy and influential Count Kirill Bezukhov, who after his death received his title and a significant inheritance. We first meet him in 1805 in a fashionable secular salon Anna Sherer. Pierre is a young man of twenty, distinguished by a massive and thick figure, has a round face with glasses, a cropped head. It can be seen that the person feels confused and a little embarrassed, he is new here, because until that time he lived abroad for a long time, where he received an excellent education and joined the European progressive outlook on life.
His appearance, as well as his simple demeanor, strikingly distinguishes him from those present, bringing considerable anxiety to the hostess of the salon, she is very frightened, though timid, but nevertheless very observant and natural look of an unusual guest. The only friend of Pierre, whom he also meets here is the young Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, they are glad to meet, because they have not seen each other for many years. They are united by the kinship of souls and the worship of Napoleon Bonaparte, whom they consider the greatest figure of that time.
One of the most striking features of Bezukhov's character is his kindness and innocence. He easily succumbs to other people's influence, and Prince Anatole Kuragin is in a hurry to take advantage of this, who manages to arrange the marriage of Bezukhov with his beautiful, but absolutely spoiled and depraved Helen. Married life does not bring him happiness, his wife constantly cheats and deceives him. He is even forced to duel with her lover Dolokhov, although this is absolutely contrary to his kind and gentle nature. empty Savor and her entertainment is disgusting to Bezukhov, he dreams of something higher and greater, but does not know how to change his lifestyle and fill it with meaning. Disappointed in people and in his whole life, Pierre abandons everything and leaves for Moscow.
Along the way, he joins the Masonic movement and accepts their ideals, trying to implement new projects. For example, having arrived at his estate, he decides to make life easier for the peasants and make their life better. However, the peasants themselves resist innovation, so that he is quickly disappointed, and once again he is swallowed up by hopelessness and depression.
Before the war with the French, Pierre is depressed by the approaching terrible events and their mystical harbingers. The difficult moral state of the hero is complicated by his feeling of deep love for Natasha Rostova, whom he met as a 13-year-old girl in her parents' house. He was attracted by her liveliness and openness, so that looking at her he wanted to "laugh himself, not knowing why."
(Pierre got on battle of Borodino more like an observer than a participant)
The philosophical and mystical ideas of Freemasonry contribute to the fact that Bezukhov decides to hide in Moscow, on which Napoleon's army is moving to kill him. He becomes more of an observer than a participant in the Battle of Borodino, is captured and there, having met simple soldier Platon Karataev understands that the meaning of life must be sought in communication with native nature and unity with his people. A person is not of his circle, an ordinary peasant reveals to him that the meaning of life and the purpose of any person is to be a reflection and part of the world. After this meeting, Pierre learned to love life in all its manifestations and to see "the eternal and infinite in everything."
Returning from captivity, Bezukhov meets a devastated and heartbroken after the death of people close to her, Natasha Rostova, he comforts and supports her as the most faithful and devoted friend. Experiences and losses bring them closer, and in 1813 Rostova becomes his wife. Real family and marital happiness awaits them, Natasha turns out to be a wonderful mother and mistress, love and idyll reign in their house. Husband and wife understand and appreciate each other, and are ready to overcome any troubles and obstacles in their life together.
The image of the main character
(Sergei Bondarchuk plays Pierre Bezukhov in his film "War and Peace", USSR 1966)
The real prototypes of the image of Bezukhov were the Decembrists who returned from exile, difficult fate which gave the ingenious Russian writer rich material for writing the greatest epic about the events before and after 1812. In the process of working on the novel and in its early edition, the future character of the future Pierre Bezukhov was introduced various names- Arkady Bezukhy, Prince Kushev, Pyotr Medynsky, and always remained unchanged story line, which showed the evolution of the hero from the simplicity and naivety of youth, to maturity and wisdom in later years.
The image of Bezukhov throughout the novel develops in the direction of rapprochement and unity with the people, with its principles and worldview ideals. The character of each of the heroes of the novel is the embodiment of some beginning: Rostov - emotional, Volkonsky - rational, Platon Karataev - intuitive, and in Bezukhov all the beginnings are harmoniously combined into a single whole, so the characters are close to each other and are connected by kinship of souls.
The image of Pierre is very close and understandable to the author, because the combination of rational and emotional principles in life was close to him, he also cared for the fate of the people and his formation as a person took place in the struggle between mind and feelings. And although Pierre is happy in a quiet family haven, he does not forget about his duty to society and will continue to take part in the struggle for its improvement. Bezukhov, according to the author's plan, will become a Decembrist in the future, because after what he experienced and understood, he will never be able to live as before, now his lot is the struggle for the people and their happy life.
