Dispute of generations in literature and life. Is the eternal dispute of generations

In the author's preface to his own famous fairy tale « The little Prince"- The French writer and pilot Antoine Saint-Exupery lamented that many disagreements between adults and children occur for one reason: "all adults were once children, only few of them remember this." And it's hard to disagree with that! And how many tears and misunderstandings could have been avoided if the parents had stopped in time to criticize their child and remember themselves at his age. Only no - "we are adults, we are always right, we want only good."

The problem of "fathers and sons" is as old as the world. Once it concerned musical tastes and passions, once - political views, once - literary sympathies and antipathies. To mitigate the severity of this problem, two skills are required from each of the parties - to listen and to hear. Mostly everyone listens. It is in the arsenal of many people. But they hear - units. It's more difficult with him. This skill is mastered by units. Only this is discovered late and inopportunely, when the conflict has already come out and flared up like a raging fire.

The problem of the dispute between generations is revealed especially clearly when one turns to history. Tears, misunderstandings - can they be avoided in the relationship between parents and children? Disputes between different generations have always arisen. The reasons for this darkness: musical tastes and passions, Political Views, literary sympathies and dislikes and others. "Fathers and Sons" - the self-title of the famous Turgenev novel clearly indicates the main issue raised in the work. The eternal human problem, which lies in the misunderstanding between subsequent and previous generations, becomes the subject of the author's reflections. The past, outgoing generation, as a rule, sees more good in themselves, positive traits than in his shift, which does not have clear moral aspirations. For the new generation, there is nothing worthy of attention in the old foundations. They can be characterized by the epithets "obsolete", "obsolete". Bazarov, who scorns the old people, denies their moral principles, dies from a trifling scratch.

Disputes from our lives will never disappear. It takes time to think and place all the points. The problem of "fathers and sons" can be encountered anywhere: be it a family, a work team or society as a whole. To solve it, the older generation only needs to be more tolerant of the young, and for the generation of “children” it will be useful to treat the elders with great respect. And in any case, you can not do without mutual understanding.

Generation dispute. Together and apart.

“Love and respect for parents without any doubt is a sacred feeling” (V. G. Belinsky).

Love and respect for parents is one of the seven Christian virtues that is honored in the family. Throughout the history of mankind, this love manifests itself most strongly, because every person experiences it: everyone comes from his parents. When we are close to our parents, when they accompany our every step, we don’t really think about how deeply or not so much we love the people closest to us. But as soon as we leave them at least for a short time, a certain anxiety appears in the soul, some kind of disorder in the world - and only then we realize that it’s bad for us without them, as if something is missing all the time. And the most interesting thing: a child who has never seen his parents (maybe he was left in an orphanage or, by the will of fate, was abandoned by his parents for one reason or another), carries inescapable love for them all his life.

The theme of love for parents, the relationship between fathers and children has always been at the center of attention of writers of Russian and world literature. I.S. Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons”, revealing the confrontation between two ideological camps - liberals and raznochintsy-democrats, characterizes children from the point of view of their attitude towards their parents. The nihilist Bazarov seems to experience a feeling of embarrassment from his mother's timid caress towards him. Enyushka (as his mother called Bazarov) did not allow his parents any extra tenderness, and did not show them himself, not because he did not love his mother and father, but because he believed that a nihilist could not be like a young lady. And his parents felt this and understood their son, did not take offense at him, tried not to annoy him with their care, but sincerely loved him. And Yevgeny Bazarov, of course, loved them: a dying romantic, he instructs Anna Odintsova to take care of his old people - very nice people.

Do not be ashamed of your feelings for your parents. The feeling of filial (daughter) love ennobles, makes a person kinder, sincere, better, because respect for elders gives rise to all good deeds and deeds,because such a person is guided by all the vast experience of previous generations, and not only by his own small life experience. And this saves from many problems and difficult situations. As saved, for example, Arkady Kirsanov from mistakes in relation to his father. When Bazarov spoke unfavorably about Nikolai Petrovich, who played a musical instrument and read poetry, Arkady stood up for his father and began to understand that he did not share all of Bazarov's views. Perhaps this was the beginning of a break in relations between the closest, according to Arkady, friends.

Best Heroes L.N. Tolstoy is shown to them in a family setting: in the Rostovs’ house “the mind of the heart” reigns, and in the Bolkonsky’s house – “the mind of the mind”. The Rostovs have a trusting relationship between parents and children. Here they do not just love children and take care of them, but become their irreplaceable friends, trustees in matters of the heart: Natasha Rostova opens her heart first of all to her mother, climbing into her bed and chirping incessantly about her happiness. Countess Rostova talks about love with Sonya, cares about her future. Adults and children are always together here: they rejoice together, experience this or that event together, decide together whether to let the younger Petya go to war or not.

The love of children for their parents also reigns in the Bolkonsky house. Only relations in this family are built not on the cordiality of feelings, but on strict respect for each other. So, the old prince Bolkonsky, taking care of the upbringing of Princess Marya, gives her lessons in mathematics so that the girl’s mind is not occupied with various nonsense. Seeing a letter from Julie in her daughter’s hands, she says: “I’ll skip one more letter and read the next one,” because he knows how frivolous the one that is sent to his daughter’s friend. Prince Andrei is always respectful and patient with his father, despite the fact that the character of Nikolai Andreevich was sometimes unbearable. But it never even crossed his mind to disagree with his father or disobey him. And this, of course, is a sign of respect.

From the point of view of Vedic astrology, respect for the father gives a person success and good luck in his career and social activities, as well as confidence and stability in life. And the respect of the mother gives him peace and tranquility, gentleness and caring in communication. And we clearly saw this in the example of our heroes. If the child does not respect and love his parents, then he is like a young tree that has no roots, or a stream that no longer has a source. Such a person does not have a sure future.

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The eternal dispute between "fathers" and "children"

Each person is a contemporary of an era and a peer of a certain generation. It is known from our own experience that one generation of people is significantly different from another. It is clear to everyone that the new is replacing the outdated. The new time gives birth to a new generation, which already looks at the world in a different way, sets itself other goals. Much of the experience of the ancestors really becomes unacceptable in the new reality, but a huge part should serve as a support for further development. What to leave, and what to take with you on the life path of the new generation? This is the eternal problem of two generations: the older one, striving to transfer all knowledge, all experience, and the new one, sweeping away everything in its path. So "fathers" in decisions are based on moral norms, "children" are guided by likes and dislikes. "Fathers" consider work as a virtue, "children" - as an inevitability. This is understandable: changes in the standard of living lead to a change in thinking, behavior, choice value orientations people of different generations. And as always, we laugh kindly at the generation of parents, respect grandparents, and admire great-grandfathers.

Naturally, such a problem could not but excite writers and poets of different eras. The problem of fathers and children is revealed in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” in the relationship of the young nihilist Bazarov with the representative of the nobility Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Bazarov with his parents. The conflict that arose between Bazarov and Kirsanov proves that the problem of fathers and children in Turgenev's novel is both a problem of two generations and a problem of a clash of two different socio-political camps. Bazarov does not accept the life principles of the Kirsanovs, the Kirsanovs cannot understand how everything can be denied. And to Kirsanov’s reproach that you, they say, are destroying everything (“But you need to build it too”), Bazarov replies that “first you need to clear the place.”

We also see the conflict of generations in the relationship between Bazarov and his parents. The main character has very conflicting feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other hand, he despises the “stupid life of fathers”. First of all, his convictions are alienated from Bazarov's parents. With all this, we see that it was to the parents that their son Eugene was truly dear. The old Bazarovs love Yevgeny very much, and this love softens their relationship with their son, the lack of mutual understanding. She is stronger than other feelings and lives even when the main character dies.

The problem of “fathers and sons” is relevant today. It sharply confronts people who belong to different generations. “Children” who openly oppose the generation of “fathers” should remember that only tolerance for each other, mutual respect will help to avoid serious clashes. And “fathers” should remember that they were once “children” too and they also made mistakes.

In a word, there are no right and wrong in the conflict of generations. There are only two irreconcilable parties that do not want to compromise. Sometimes it is so difficult to understand your own parents or teachers ... Just like they understand us. Although, it would seem, the age difference of twenty or thirty years should not play a big role. Surely our parents could not forget their youth so quickly as to cease to understand our aspirations? Or maybe, precisely because they have not forgotten, they are trying to protect us from some mistakes and direct us to the right path? In the same way, we ourselves will not always find mutual language with own children. So it was and so it will always be.

Dispute of generations: together or apart.

A person lives in a society that develops in a spiral, therefore conflict situations develop. And literature tries to reflect this conflict of generations, responding beautiful works one day".

I remember the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The conflict between "fathers and sons" here lies in the worldviews of the heroes, their views on the world. And interestingly, the “fathers” also include Chatsky’s peers, Sofya and Molchalin, who are members of the Famus society, and Chatsky, a representative of the new world, is alien to them.

The events that Turgenev describes in the novel take place in the middle of the nineteenth century. This is the time when Russia was going through another era of reforms. The title of the work suggests the idea that it will resolve the age-old question - the relationship of generations. To some extent this is true. But the main attention of the author is drawn to the conflict of different worldviews - liberals and revolutionary-democrats, called nihilists. Turgenev is trying to comprehend the worldview of this new man, a commoner by birth, a democrat by political views. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the views of a commoner and a nobleman.

Among the heroes of the novel, the most active representatives of irreconcilable worldviews are Yevgeny Bazarov and "an aristocrat to the marrow of his bones" Pavel Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich was a typical representative of his era and the environment in which he moved throughout his youth. He follows the "principles" everywhere and in everything, continuing to live even in the village as he lived all his life. He kept his habits unchanged, although, from a practical point of view, this was inconvenient. And for the nihilist Bazarov, it was simply ridiculous.

Pavel Petrovich is forty-five years old, he is always shaved, he walks in a strict English suit, the collar of his shirt is always white and starched. Pavel Petrovich's face is regular and clean, but bilious. "The whole appearance of Pavel Petrovich, elegant and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that aspiration upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties". In appearance, according to his convictions, Pavel Petrovich is an aristocrat. True, as Pisarev writes, "he has no convictions, to tell the truth, but he has habits that he values ​​\u200b\u200bvery much" and "out of habit proves in disputes the need for "principles". What are these "principles"? First, it is a look at the state structure. Himself a nobleman and aristocrat, he holds the same views as most of the nobles of that time. Pavel Petrovich is for the established order, he is a monarchist. Pavel Petrovich did not tolerate dissent and fiercely defended the doctrines, which "his actions constantly contradicted." He likes to talk about Russian peasants, but when he meets them, he "grimaces and sniffs cologne." Kirsanov talks about Russia, about the "Russian idea", but at the same time he uses a huge amount of foreign words. He speaks with pathos about the public good, about serving the fatherland, but he himself sits idly by, satisfied with a well-fed and calm life.

But seeing that he cannot defeat the nihilist in a dispute, cannot shake his moral principles, or rather their absence, he resorts to the last means of resolving conflicts of this kind. This is a duel. Eugene accepts the challenge, although he considers it the trick of a crazy "aristocrat". They shoot, and Yevgeny wounds Kirsanov. The duel did not help solve their problems. With the help of a satirical image, the author emphasized the absurdity of Pavel Petrovich's behavior, because it is ridiculous to believe that it is possible to force the younger generation to think the same way as the generation of "fathers". They part, but each of them has remained in his opinion. Bazarov only succeeded in disturbing the peace of mind of Pavel Petrovich. For young people, nihilism is a certain political and life position. But some perceive it as a fashionable fad (Sitnikov, Kukshina, Arkady). Deny everything: authorities, science, art, experience previous generations and listen to nothing. But they will all grow up, have families and will remember their beliefs as the mistakes of youth. And now they are only trivializing the ideas that Bazarov "preaches".

But in the novel there is a real nihilist who is aware of his thoughts, his convictions. This is Bazarov. He is interested natural sciences and is going to continue the work of his father, a district doctor. By conviction, he is a nihilist and scoffs at the "principles" of Pavel Petrovich, considering them unnecessary and simply ridiculous. Bazarov finds that it is best to deny, and he denies. To Pavel Petrovich's exclamation: "But we must also build!", He replies: "This is no longer our business." Eugene is caustic about the romantics, but, left alone, is aware of the romance in himself. Life played a cruel joke on Bazarov. Not believing in love, he fell in love, and his love was rejected.

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Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov says to Odintsova: “You don’t assume that I have an artistic meaning - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov is trying to debunk the inactive "principles", does not accept illusory daydreaming. But at the same time he refuses VSLR! FIR achievements of culture ("Raphael is not worth a penny"), utilitarian perceives nature. Bazarov did not manage to live long. He dies with the words: "Russia needs me... No, apparently not needed. And who is needed?" Such is the tragic outcome of Eugene's life.

The attitude of the author to his characters is not easy at all. It has already been noted that, wanting to punish the children, Turgenev flogged the fathers. But the main thing that he remarkably managed to show is the replacement of obsolete forms of consciousness by new ones, the tragic situation of people who are the first to utter the word: "Forward!"

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Dispute of generations: together and apart b

(based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Evgeny Bazarov is my opposite. In his character, it seemed, there was a lot of what one can respect a person for and what one can admire in a literary hero: intelligence, originality, physical strength, self-confidence, and a huge capacity for work.

This nihilist in a dispute beats the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, knows how to make others listen to himself, respect his point of view. What's the matter, why is he so unpleasant to me? Reading the novel, I clearly understood what repelled me in this Turgenev hero: selfishness and selfishness, lack of pity and kindness to others. Yevgeny Bazarov is not like other literary heroes known to me, created by writers of the 19th century. Onegin, Pechorin, Pierre Bezukhov, Andrei Bolkonsky, I cannot put next to him. Perhaps only the heroes of Chernyshevsky Lopukhov and

The Kirsanovs are somewhat reminiscent of a nihilist, but even they and the "gloomy monster" Rakhmetov seem more human to me. There is some similarity in worldview between Bazarov and Raskolnikov, but if Rodion Romanovich constantly doubts, suffers and suffers, then Evgeny Vasilyevich is like a flint. Bazarov does not look like other Turgenev characters either. The writer himself admitted this fact. With Rudin, Insarov, the hero of "Fathers and Sons" cannot be compared. Let's see who he is.

"A man must be fierce," Bazarov cites "an excellent Spanish proverb" in a conversation with Kirsanov. Turgenev repeatedly emphasizes in him an irrepressible, rude, harsh nature. Even love, passion beats in him "strong and heavy", similar to malice.

This son of a military doctor is a very strong and outstanding personality in all respects, the future leader. Two years ago, analyzing Turgenev's novel at school, we

they calmly accepted on faith that Bazarov and those like him were people who were preparing a revolution. But today, when I have grown a little older to think about what is happening in our country, and when I have learned more about the revolutionaries, I think that much is wrong in the reasoning of this nihilist. But what is his strength? In that he is a representative of the new time. Aristocrats, like Pavel Petrovich, have outlived their own. They lived well at someone else's expense, but with their help the country lagged behind Europe. We need new people and new ideas. Evgeny Bazarov throughout the novel shows us this new idea. What is Bazarov's weakness? His main weakness is that he only denies, he does not carry anything positive. And how can people live with one denial? Today there are also many people who perfectly criticize the old, perfectly prove that a lot needs to be changed, but they cannot offer anything worthwhile, let alone do anything. They, as in Nekrasov's poems, get: "if it touches the point, then trouble, the world is to blame for the failures then." And Yevgeny Bazarov appropriated to himself the "title" of a nihilist and denies everything: religion, science, family, morality. It becomes especially creepy when you think about it, that he also denies such things as art, love. Of course, life is richer than his ideas, and the "theorist" himself falls in love "stupidly, madly." While Yevgeny Bazarov is talking about this in the Kirsanovs' dining room or in Odintsova's living room, this is his business, his whim.

I recall a famous passage in the dispute between Kirsanov and Bazarov. Nikolai Petrovich asks why Bazarov and his like-minded people deny everything, but in fact, destroy, but do not build anything? Is it necessary to build? Bazarov proudly replies: "This is no longer our business ... First we need to clear the place." And I involuntarily want to enter into an argument. Ask about how you can destroy something without getting the approval of the one who lives in this building? How can you break without having a clear plan of what and how to build? Isn't it so that after 1917 they intensively broke down in our country in order to "clear the place", exclaiming: "We are ours, we will build a new world!", and then it turned out; that "architects" are illiterate and criminals, besides?

Maybe someone likes such characters. But for me, a gardener cultivating his small garden, an illiterate old woman looking after the kids, are much more "heroes" than Bazarov. After all, they create to the best of their ability, and he destroys.

How can you break it without even knowing why? Pavel Petrovich rightly cannot understand this. And the "young student" of Bazarov Arkady answers him: "We break, because we are strength."

I would very much not like the old rulers to be replaced by new ones who consider their main duty only to "clear the place" and not to build a new one.

Studying the literature of the first half of the 19th century, we talked about special literary heroes - " extra people Onegin, Pechorin.

Turgenev's Rudin is also referred to them. But if we judge, then Bazarov belongs to the same "category". After all, apart from destruction, he has nothing else to do ...

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Dispute of generations: together or apart

The problem of fathers and children is an eternal problem that arises between people of different generations. The views and life principles of the elders were once considered the basis human being, but they eventually become a thing of the past, and new ones come to replace them life ideals belonging to the younger generation. The generation of "fathers" is trying to preserve everything that has lived all his life, forgetting about the principles of the young. And youth, on the contrary, does not understand the older generation. The problem of "fathers and sons" arises in the family, in the work team, in society ...

This problem rose more than once in Russian literature. Each author approaches the problem of fathers and children differently. For example, in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”, this topic is the most important. The writing of the novel "Fathers and Sons" coincided with the most important reforms of the 19th century, namely the abolition of serfdom. The "fathers" held old views. The younger generation welcomed the abolition of serfdom and reform. With pain, the generation of the departing realizes its weakness, in vain the young are so confident in their strength - there are no winners in the struggle of “fathers and “children”. Everyone loses if there is no struggle, there is no progress. If there is no denial of the past, there is no future.

The protagonist of the novel, Bazarov, accepts only what is useful. Eugene also denies the state system, which leads Pavel Petrovich into confusion. The attitude towards the people of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov is different. To Pavel Petrovich, the religiosity of the people, life according to the orders established by their grandfathers, seem to be the original and valuable features of the people's life, they touch him. Bazarov hates these qualities. The disagreements between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature are visible. From the point of view of Bazarov, to read Pushkin - Lost time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature, music. The maximalism of Bazarov, who believes that it is possible and necessary to rely in everything only on own experience and one's own feelings, leads to the denial of art, since art is just a generalization and artistic comprehension of someone else's experience. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from work. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Bazarov, for whom the main figure of the time was the Russian peasant, crushed by poverty, “gross superstitions,” it seemed blasphemous to talk about “art, “unconscious creativity” when “it’s about daily bread.”

They argue about poetry, art, philosophy. Bazarov amazes and irritates Kirsanov with his cold-blooded thoughts about the denial of personality, everything spiritual. But still, no matter how correctly Pavel Petrovich thought, to some extent his ideas were outdated. Moreover, his opponent has advantages: the novelty of thoughts, he is closer to the people, because courtyard people are drawn to him. Of course, the principles and ideals of the fathers are a thing of the past. But one cannot agree with the thoughts of the nihilist either. Love for Odintsova caused the final defeat of his views, showed the inconsistency of ideas.

This problem is also acute in A.S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. The clash of Chatsky - a man with a strong-willed character, whole in his feelings, a fighter for an idea - with the Famus society was inevitable. This clash gradually takes on an increasingly violent character, it is complicated by Chatsky's personal drama - the collapse of his hopes for personal happiness. His views against the existing foundations of society are becoming more and more harsh. If Famusov is the defender of the old century, the heyday of serfdom, then Chatsky, with the indignation of a Decembrist revolutionary, speaks of feudal lords and serfdom. In the monologue "Who are the judges?" he angrily opposes those people who are the pillars of the noble society. He sharply speaks out against the orders of the golden Catherine's age, dear to Famusov's heart, "the century of humility and fear - the century."

Chatsky breaks ties with the ministers, leaves the service precisely because he would like to serve the cause, and not to be a servile to the authorities. “I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve,” he says. He defends the right to serve enlightenment, science, literature, but this is difficult under the conditions of an autocratic-feudal system. If famous society disdainful of everything folk, national, slavishly imitates the external culture of the West, especially France, even neglecting his native language, then Chatsky stands for the development national culture mastering the best, advanced achievements European civilization. He himself "searched for the mind" during his stay in the West, but he is against the "empty, slavish, blind imitation" of foreigners. Chatsky stands for the unity of the intelligentsia with the people.

If the Famus society regards a person by his origin and the number of serf souls he has, then Chatsky appreciates a person for his mind, education, his spiritual and moral qualities. For Famusov and his circle, the opinion of the world is sacred and infallible, the most terrible thing is “what will Princess Marya Alekseevna say!” Chatsky defends freedom of thoughts, opinions, recognizes the right of every person to have their own convictions and express them openly. Evgeny Bazarov follows the same. In a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, he directly and openly defends his ideas.

Who has won? Apparently, there is only one answer: there are no winners in a dispute of ideas - time will win everyone. The problem of "fathers" and "children" remains eternal. The world, mankind are in constant development, and therefore each new generation enters into one or another conflict with the “fathers”.

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Dispute of generations: together and apart

The problem of relationships between generations will never become obsolete, because the culture that brings up one generation will be incomprehensible to another.

This problem is reflected in the work of many Russian writers XIX and XX centuries. She also worries us, generation XXIcentury. And, of course, it will be relevant as long as humanity exists.

The topic of fathers and children was considered by many writers, and among them I would like to name I. S. Turgenev and his novel “Fathers and Sons”. In his novel, Turgenev presented the conflict of two generations, two camps. The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man - Evgeny Bazarov. He is presented as one of those young figures who "want to fight." Others are people of the older generation who do not share the revolutionary-democratic convictions of Bazarov. They are depicted as small, weak-willed people, with narrow, limited interests. The novel presents the nobles and commoners of two generations - "fathers" and "children". Turgenev shows how a democrat acts - a raznochinets in an environment alien to him.

In Maryina, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his democratic appearance from the owners - landowners. And he disagrees with Arkady in the main thing: in the idea of ​​\u200b\u200blife, although at first they are considered friends. But their relationship still cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady - Bazarov. But still, Arkady gradually began to understand many things himself and already stopped repeating blindly after Bazarov. .

The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in the "empire" of Kirsanov. Bazarov is engaged in work, studying nature, and Arkady is sybaritic, doing nothing. The fact that Bazarov is a man of action is immediately evident from his red bare hand. Arkady is the complete opposite. He does nothing, none of the serious things really captivate him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, but for Bazarov - not to sit back, work, move.

They have completely different opinions about art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unreasonably. Arkady tries to prove to him the greatness of the poet. The younger Kirsanov is always neat, tidy, well-dressed, he has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to follow the rules good manners, so important in the life of the nobility. It develops in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, appearance.

A major disagreement arose between the "friends" in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Arkady's resistance to Bazarov's views is already visible here: gradually the "student"

out of the hands of the "teacher". Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. "You, tender soul, weakling, ”says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. Bazarov appears before us as a man of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the main problems of the era. Arkady is a man belonging to the old generation, the generation of "fathers".

The attitude of fathers and children also worries us, generation XXIcentury. The older generation believes that their life experience gives them the right to dictate behavior to young people, to make comments. And we, the youth, should turn to the works of great Russian writers and poets in order to find the answer to the question: “Together or apart?”

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Dispute of generations: together and apart

Family. What does it mean in a person's life? In my opinion, everything. Listen to this word: "family." In a family, people are so close to each other that they feel like a single whole, all members of it are spiritually connected with each other. Family is the one small world in which the character of a person, his life principles are formed. The family is the atmosphere into which he plunges immediately after birth. Having been born, the baby is the first to see his relatives and friends. It depends on them how he will enter human society: whether he will love him, or hate him, or simply remain indifferent. Family bonds all life unite, connect people. I believe that the family is the highest spiritual value.

Bolkonsky. At first glance, there is excessive coldness in the house. But it's not! Yes, there is a strict order in the house, but it does not prevent the father, son and daughter from loving and respecting each other. How carefully every morning the old prince Bolkonsky inquires about the health of his daughter! And the fact that before the arrival of Prince Vasily Kuragin they cleared the way, infuriates him. He himself was involved in the education of Princess Marya and gave her lessons in algebra and geometry. The old prince did not want to see his daughter as an empty secular young lady. The old prince was able to teach the princess to love and respect people, to forgive them for their weaknesses, to take care of them. And the honesty and courage of Prince Andrei, his contempt for secular society? All this was brought up in his son by the old prince Bolkonsky. Nikolai Bolkonsky loves Prince Andrei so much that on the day of his arrival in the Bald Mountains he makes an exception in his lifestyle and lets him into his half while dressing. And the young prince? It is with him that Prince Andrei leaves his pregnant wife and asks to raise his son in the event of his death. Relations between father and son are permeated with trust and mutual understanding. The relationship between brother and sister is touching and tender. Princess Marya blesses her brother with the image, and he, in turn, worries if the father’s character is too hard for his sister.

And what is surprising is that music, symbolizing harmony, sounds all the time in the house. Natasha's singing brings Nikolai out of his gloomy mood, who lost a large amount money to Dolokhov. Family, relatives - that's what is most important, real in a person's life. During Natasha's illness, after her unsuccessful escape with Anatole Kuragin, no one cares about the shame that she brought to the family, everyone only wishes the patient a speedy recovery. And when the illness receded, Natasha's voice and music sounded again in the house.

If the family supports a person in difficult times, helps him to find harmony with the world around him, to understand himself, isn't it the highest spiritual value? real familyshouldto form in a person only good feelings. Let's imagine that each person will be brought up in such a family, then the whole society will become a single family in which everyone will be happy.

The problem of "fathers" and "children" in I. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".

The problem of "fathers and sons" is an age-old problem that arises before people of different generations. The life principles of the elders were once considered the basis of human existence, but they are becoming a thing of the past, and they are being replaced by new life ideals belonging to the younger generation. The generation of "fathers" is trying to preserve everything that it believed in, what it lived all its life, sometimes, not accepting the new convictions of the young, it strives to leave everything in its place, strives for peace. "Children" are more progressive, constantly on the move, they want to rebuild everything, change, they do not understand the passivity of the elders.

The clash of "fathers" and "children", which happened, is happening and will continue to happen, could not but be reflected in the work of Russian writers. Each of them solves this problem in different ways in their works.
Among these writers, I would like to single out I. S. Turgenev, who wrote the magnificent novel "Fathers and Sons". The writer based his book on the complex conflict that arises between "fathers" and "children", between new and obsolete views on life. In the novel "Fathers and Sons", the main opponents and antagonists are Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The conflict between them is considered from the point of view of the problem of "fathers and children", from the position of their social, political and public disagreements.

It should be noted that Bazarov and Kirsanov differ in their social background which, of course, was reflected in the formation of the views of these people.

The progenitors of Bazarov were serfs. Everything he achieved was the result of hard mental work. Eugene became interested in medicine and the natural sciences, conducted experiments, collected various beetles and insects.

Pavel Petrovich grew up in an atmosphere of prosperity and prosperity. Having moved to the village to his brother, Kirsanov observed secular decency even here. Great importance Pavel Petrovich gave the appearance. He was constantly well-shaven and wore heavily starched collars. Bazarov was a great materialist. For him, only what could be touched, put on the tongue mattered. The nihilist denied all spiritual pleasures. Pavel Petrovich, of course, did not accept such views of the nihilist. Kirsanov was fond of poetry and considered it his duty to observe the noble way of life.

Bazarov's disputes with P.P. Kirsanov play a huge role in revealing the main contradictions of the era. In them, we see many areas and issues on which representatives of the younger and older generations do not agree. Bazarov denies principles and authorities, while Pavel Petrovich recognizes the old social order.

Their personal animosity and differences of opinion culminated in a duel. But main reason duels are not contradictions between Kirsanov and Bazarov, but unfriendly relations that arose between them at the very beginning of their acquaintance. Therefore, the problem of "fathers and children" is contained in the personal bias of the heroes, it can be solved peacefully, without resorting to extreme measures, if the older generation is more tolerant of the younger generation, somewhere, perhaps, agreeing with him, and the generation of "children will show more respect for elders.
Turgenev studied the age-old problem of "fathers and sons" from the standpoint of his time, his life. He himself belonged to the galaxy of "fathers" and, although the author's sympathies are on the side of Bazarov, he advocated philanthropy and the development of the spiritual principle in people.

The problem of "fathers and sons" is relevant today. It sharply confronts people who belong to different generations. "Children" who openly oppose the generation of "fathers" should remember that only tolerance for each other, mutual respect will help to avoid serious clashes.

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Dispute of generations: together and apart

What should family relationships be built on?

Family. What does it mean in a person's life? In my opinion, everything. Listen to this word: "seven I". Yes, yes, exactly seven I am. In a family, people are so close to each other that they feel like a single whole, all members of it are spiritually connected with each other. The family is that small world in which the character of a person, his life principles are formed. The family is the atmosphere into which he plunges immediately after birth. Having been born, the baby is the first to see his relatives and friends. It depends on them how he will enter human society: whether he will love him, or hate him, or simply remain indifferent. Family ties connect people all their lives. I believe that the family is the highest spiritual value.

But families can be different. The family can teach a person to do both good and evil. The family idea is very well revealed in L. N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". In the work we are talking about three families: Bolkonsky, Rostov and Kuragin.

Bolkonsky. At first glance, there is excessive coldness in the house. But it's not! Yes, there is a strict order in the house, but it does not prevent the father, son and daughter from loving and respecting each other. How carefully every morning the old prince Bolkonsky inquires about the health of his daughter! And the fact that before the arrival of Prince Vasily Kuragin they cleared the road makes him furious: “What? Minister? Which minister? Who ordered? For the princess, my daughter, they didn’t clear it, but for the minister! I don't have ministers!"

Nikolai Bolkonsky believed "that there are only two sources of human vices: idleness and superstition, and that there are only two virtues: activity and intelligence." Therefore, he himself was engaged in the education of Princess Mary and gave her lessons in algebra and geometry in order to develop both main virtues in her. The old prince did not want to see his daughter as an empty secular young lady: “Mathematics is a great thing, my madam. And I don’t want you to look like our stupid ladies.” The old prince was able to teach the princess to love and respect people, to forgive them for their weaknesses, to take care of them. And the honesty and courage of Prince Andrei, his contempt for secular society? All this was brought up in his son by the old prince Bolkonsky. Nikolai Bolkonsky loves Prince Andrei so much that on the day of his arrival in the Bald Mountains he makes an exception in his lifestyle and lets him into his half while dressing. And the young prince? When talking with his father, he follows "with lively and respectful eyes the movement of every feature of his father's face." It is with him that Prince Andrei leaves his pregnant wife and asks to raise his son in the event of his death. Relations between father and son are permeated with trust and mutual understanding. This is how old Prince Andrei escorts to the war: “Remember one thing, Prince Andrei: if they kill you, it will hurt me, an old man ... And if I find out that you did not behave like the son of Nikolai Bolkonsky, I will be ... ashamed!” “You could not tell me that, father,” the son replies.

The relationship between brother and sister is touching and tender. Princess Marya blesses her brother with the image, and he, in turn, worries if the father’s character is too hard for his sister.

But, unfortunately, one common feature of all members of the Bolkonsky family prevents them from understanding the people around them. This is pride, contempt for people who are otherwise brought up, who have other life principles. This prevents Prince Andrei from being happy with his wife, and the old prince from expressing all his love for his daughter; Princess Marya makes an unfavorable opinion of Natasha Rostova at the first meeting.

And what is surprising is that music, symbolizing harmony, sounds all the time in the house. Natasha's singing brings Nikolai out of his gloomy mood, who lost a large amount of money to Dolokhov: “All this, and misfortune, and honor - all this is nonsense ... but here it is - the real one ... "

Family, relatives - that's what is most important, real in a person's life. During Natasha's illness, after her unsuccessful escape with Anatole Kuragin, no one cares about the shame that she brought to the family, everyone only wishes the patient a speedy recovery. And when the illness receded, Natasha's voice and music sounded again in the house.

The Rostov and Bolkonsky families are very different from each other: in one, cordiality and hospitality come first, and in the other, duty, service and honor, but there is something that unites them: worthy people are brought up in these families, honest and courageous, capable love and respect the person.

Kuragins are the complete opposite. L. N. Tolstoy more than once shows how the Rostovs or Bolkonskys get together at the table, and not only to have lunch or dinner, but to discuss problems, to consult. But we never see the Kuragins gathered together. All members of this family are connected only by a common surname and position in the world, selfishness.

Prince Vasily barely keeps up from one evening to the next, in order to better arrange your material affairs, get to know the right people; Anatole Kuragin is in full swing, not caring about the consequences of his behavior, he believes that everything in the world was created only for his pleasure; the beautiful Helen travels from one ball to another, endowing everyone with her cold smile; Hippolyte confuses everyone with inappropriate jokes and anecdotes, but everything is forgiven him. Prince Vasily could not teach his children kindness, real love and respect are alien to them. All their feelings are ostentatious, like those of Prince Vasily himself. Coldness, alienation characterize this house. And the saddest thing is that none of the young Kuragins will be able to create in the future real family. The marriage of Helen and Pierre will be unsuccessful; Anatole, who already has a wife in Poland, will try to kidnap Natasha Rostova.

Natasha and Nikolai Rostov, Marya Bolkonskaya will continue the good tradition of their families. Marriage according to the calculation of Nikolai and Marya will overflow into harmonious union two people based on mutual respect.

And the fragile and musical Natasha? Having become the wife of Pierre and having given birth to children, she is completely devoted to the family. Happiness, tranquility, the health of her husband and children will become the main things for her in life. Natasha will stop going to balls and theaters, taking care of herself. The meaning of her life will be the family.

If the family supports a person in difficult times, helps him to find harmony with the world around him, to understand himself, isn't it the highest spiritual value? Yes, such a family, yes. I believe that it was precisely this idea that Leo Tolstoy wanted to express in his novel. real familyshouldto form in a person only good feelings. Let's imagine that each person will be brought up in such a family, then the whole society will become a single family, a family in which everyone will be happy.

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Dispute of generations: together and apart

Dispute of generations... Misunderstanding between "fathers and sons"... This question occupies one of the main places in the life of a modern person. The older generation is proud of the fact that they are characterized by enthusiasm, romanticism, idealism. It tries to preserve what it believed in, what it lived all its life, strives to leave everything in its place, strives for peace. And the “children” are always on the move, they are active, they want to rebuild everything, change, they strive to bring their ideas to life.
The contradictions between the older and younger generations are also mentioned in the works of many classics. Each of them solves this problem in a different way.
This phenomenon is most clearly reflected in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Representative younger generation Evgeny Bazarov, with his behavior and statements, shows that the time of the older generation is fading into the past, and an era with different principles is coming to replace it. This hero appears before us as a strong personality. He has an opinion on everything. The young man denies everything that does not seem personally necessary and interesting to him. Bazarov opposes the routine of spiritual stagnation, dreams of new social relations.
Every generation has its own ideals. Bazarov is looking for expediency in everything. He says that "a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet." Such an opinion is, of course,sharespavel Petrovich. The representative of the "fathers" defends the old order. The disputes between Bazarov and Kirsanov show that agreement and understanding between these representatives of different generations is impossible.
I think that when Bazarov meets his parents, a generational conflict occurs. His feelings are contradictory: on the one hand, in a burst of frankness, he admits that he loves his parents, and on the other hand, contempt for the “stupid life of fathers” comes through in his words. And this contempt is dictated by his life position, firm convictions. In a conversation with Arkady, Bazarov claims that "every person should educate himself - well, at least like me." Here, it seems to me, Bazarov is wrong. It was parental upbringing, their example, or, on the contrary, their mistake that created the ground for Bazarov's intellectual growth. He, like all children, went further than his parents and moved away so much that he lost the opportunity to understand them, to accept them as they are, to forgive. This abyss is great and insurmountable, and Bazarov himself does not want to get close to the old people, considering this a step back. If he got to know his parents better, he would understand that Russia rests precisely on such people, on the strength of their souls, on their faith and love.
There are many such examples in the literature. Misunderstanding between parents and children can sometimes lead to sad consequences. So, for example, Kabanikha from Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" imposes his opinion on children. She considers herself a guardian ancient customs. And here the “past century” triumphs over the new one.
As you can see, in the struggle between the old and the new, the latter does not always come out victorious. Is this good or bad? To this question, each reasonable person can answer himself. In the family, a person receives the first knowledge about life, about relationships between people. Therefore, the relationship in the family, between “fathers and children”, depends on how a person will treat other people in the future, which will be the most important for him.
In our time, this problem is particularly acute. This is due to serious changes in the life of the country, sometimes leading to discord, misunderstanding by generations of each other. Misunderstanding - this is the main, I think, the cause of this problem. Every family has “fathers and sons,” and every family has this problem. And we must try to be more attentive to our loved ones, to ourselves, to others. And if we are a little more attentive and kind, maybe we can solve this problem.

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Dispute of generations: together and apart

"Fathers" and "children" in Russian classics

The problem of fathers and children has been raised more than once in Russian classical literature.literature. This problemincludes a number of important moralproblems. This and education problem, the problem of gratitude, the problem of misunderstanding of representatives of one generation by others.

ATIn the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the title shows that this topic is the most important. This problem existstically in all works. It is so vital that it has always existed on the pages of literary works.Everything that is sacred for a person is transmitted to him by his parents. The progress of society, its development gives rise to disagreements between the older and younger generations in the novel "Fathers and Sons".

The two generations compared by Turgenev in his work diverge not so much because some were “fathers” and others were “children”, but because “fathers” and “children”, due to circumstances, became spokesmen for the ideas of different, opposite eras. They represented different social positions: the old nobility and aristocracy and the young revolutionary-democratic intelligentsia. Thus, this purely psychological conflict develops into a deep social antagonism.

So, the problem of the contradiction between the nobility and the revolutionary democrats is stated literally from the very first pages of the novel. Already in the very description of the characters, the reader discovers the opposition. When the author introduces Bazarov, we see a gloomy figure, fenced off from the world, we feel strength and energy in her. The description of Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, consists almost exclusively of adjectives, he is a man-doll, whose life and deeds are meaningless: he wears an English suit and lacquered ankle boots in the countryside, takes care of the beauty of his nails. The whole past of Pavel Petrovich is the pursuit of a mirage, while Bazarov brings real benefits, deals with specific problems, he has no time to dream. The contrast between these images is striking. The author wants to portray a powerful commoner and weak nobles. This conflict develops throughout the novel, but has no denouement. The writer, as it were, gives his permission to the future, considering it from the outside.

Arkady's relationship with his father seems to be the most touching. These images were created by Turgenev with big love which he passes on to the reader. Despite the conflict, the plot of which takes place at the very beginning of the novel, we see that the father and son are incredibly similar and the contradictions between them are mostly superficial. Arkady appears to us as a "young boy", a romantic, carried away by the ideas of equality and fraternity, he wants the world around him to be as happy and joyful as he is. Turgenev with light irony emphasizes Arkady's desire to seem like an adult, mature man with his own views on the world around him, society; the young man is trying his best to be like his idol Bazarov, to earn his respect with independence of judgment. But in fact, for happiness, he needs a little: to live in his own house with his father, to have a good and loving wife, raise children. And this "philistine", simple and uncomplicated happiness overpowered the ideas of the common good and world harmony. Such is his father, he appreciates the way of life, the family; the well-being of loved ones is above all for him. He retained in his soul the ideals of romanticism, not without reason Nikolai Petrovich reads Schiller, Goethe, Pushkin. It is no coincidence that he is so jarred by feigned cynicism, the swagger of Arkady, the alienation of his son, who is so dear to him. He himself tries to keep up with the times, sincerely trying to understand the youth. This clumsy imitation of the new makes the author smile, but most likely a kind one. This sincere, unsophisticated, even if not very deep person is very close to Turgenev. Thus, this conflict between father and son is removed at the end of the novel, as if automatically. Bazarov passes away from the life of Arkady, whose ideas were the "bone of contention". The author leads us to the fact that the young man will probably repeat the path of his father.

I would like to dwell especially on the conflict between Bazarov and his parents. It is in it that all meaning, all wisdom, is laid. I think that when Bazarov meets his parents, the generational conflict reaches its climax. This is manifested primarily in the fact that neither Bazarov himself, nor even, perhaps, the author knows how the main character actually relates to his parents. His feelings are contradictory: on the one hand, in a burst of frankness, he admits that he loves his parents, and on the other hand, contempt for the "stupid life of fathers" comes through in his words. And this contempt is not superficial, like that of Arkady, it is dictated by his life position, firm convictions. This discord has very deep roots, and, apparently, it is insoluble. It is difficult to explain what kind of feeling does not allow him to completely abandon his parents: love, pity, and perhaps a sense of gratitude for the fact that they gave the first impulses, laid the foundation for the development of his personality. In a conversation with Arkady, Bazarov claims that "every person must educate himself - well, at least like me." Here, I think, Bazarov is wrong. It was parental upbringing, their example, or, on the contrary, their mistake that created the ground for Bazarov's intellectual growth. He, like all children, went further than his parents and moved away so much that he lost the opportunity to understand them, to accept them as they are, to forgive. This abyss is great and insurmountable, and Bazarov himself does not want to get close to the old people, considering this a step back. And very sorry. How much valuable he could learn from communicating with them, and there would be no this tragic loneliness, throwing. If he got to know his parents better, he would understand that Russia rests precisely on such people, on the strength of their souls, on their faith and love. The way the author describes Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna, how much soul he puts into it, leaves no doubt that these heroes are especially dear to him. It is difficult to determine which side the author is on in this conflict of "fathers" and "children". But still, according to some subtle intonations, it is felt that the side of the “fathers” is closer to him.

The problem of fathers and children is one of the most important problems in Russian classics. Very often in literary works the new, younger generation turns out to be more moral than the older one. It sweeps away the old morality, replacing it with a new one. But we still do not need to become Ivans,who do not remember kinship, it is terrible when the younger generation is less moral than the previous one. The problem of "fathers and sons" still lives today, acquiring a slightly different direction.

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The dispute between “fathers and sons”, the dispute between different generations…

The problem of difficult relationships between parents and children has always existed.She isfound its reflection in many works of Russian literature: in the comedy "Undergrowth" by D.I. Fonvizin, in "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov, in the story " Stationmaster» A. S. Pushkin, in the novel “Fathers and Sons” by I. S. Turgenev.

What leads to misunderstanding between "fathers and children"? From the time of Socrates and Aristotle to the present day, there has been a conflict between generations in society. During rapid change In any sphere of human life, this problem arises with a vengeance: fathers are conservatives who are alien to any changes, and children are “engines of progress”, striving to overthrow foundations and traditions, to bring their ideas to life.

In the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov, a clash of two eras is shown: "the century of the present and the century of the past." Griboyedov shows that the old Russian nobility lives according to its long-established customs. The most prominent representative of the old lordly Moscow is Famusov, who holds a high post. He is a manager in a state-owned house, but he treats the service formally. It serves only to “obtain ranks”, orders, etc. Famusov reverently recalls his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who, in his opinion, is a role model. He admires how the late uncle managed to use for his own benefit even the embarrassment that happened to him at court, at a reception at the empress. Having played the jester, he earned the favor of Catherine and became the most respected person at court. And Famusov teaches the youth: "We would learn by looking at the elders." He himself is practically not engaged in the service, he only signs papers without delving into their meaning. Looking for a matching pair for his daughter. “He who is poor is not a match for you,” he inspires Sophia.

So, the conflict between "fathers and sons" in this comedy lies in the field of worldviews, views on the world. And interestingly, the “fathers” also include Chatsky’s peers, Sofya and Molchalin, who are members of the Famus society, and Chatsky, a representative of the new world, is alien to them. The educated, intelligent Chatsky does not accept the laws of life in old Moscow. He has his own idea of ​​serving the fatherland, but he cannot and does not want to serve. He connects the progress of society with the dawn of the individual with the development of science and education, which is not only alien to the Famus society, but also frightens him. Chatsky, who rejects all the norms of life in old Moscow, provokes the wrath of this society.

In A. S. Pushkin's story "The Stationmaster", the daughter of the protagonist Dunya fled to St. Petersburg with a hussar. Her father was very worried about her, for her future. In his own way, he wished Dunya happiness. In this case, the conflict between father and daughter is different understanding happiness.

In a somewhat more moderate form, this phenomenon was reflected in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons. Here we are talking about a sharp, irreconcilable conflict between aristocrats and democrats, between liberals and raznochintsy revolutionaries. A serious antagonist of Bazarov, on whose collision the ideological conflict of the novel rests, is Pavel Petrovich. To further emphasize the seriousness of the conflict, this opponent is endowed with the strength and passion of conviction. In the image of Pavel Petrovich, Turgenev criticizes the principles and beliefs of a conservative noble liberal. Evgeny Bazarov sharply criticizes all his views on life. They (Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich) agree only in their views on the people. But unlike Pavel Petrovich, he is ready to devote his life to fighting them. Bazarov is a man of a new generation. Confident in his rightness and strength, Bazarov denies the foundations of autocratic-noble Russia. He loves the people, is proud of his national origin. There are lines in the novel that confirm this: "My grandfather plowed the land ...". He boldly criticizes superstition, the slavish obedience of the people, their long-suffering, and so on. Bazarov reveals his worldview in direct statements, in clashes with his ideological opponents. By his behavior and statements, he shows that the time in which the elder Kirsanovs and his father lived is irreversibly a thing of the past, and an era with other principles and ideals is coming to replace it.

I would also like to turn to A. Vampilov's play "The Elder Son", whereThe author shows the attitude of children to their father. Both son and daughter frankly consider their father a loser, an eccentric, they are indifferent to hisexperiences and feelings. The father silently endures everything, finds excuses for all the ungrateful deeds of the children, asks them only one thing: not to leave him alone. The protagonist of the play sees how thea strange family, and sincerely tries to help the kindest man-father. Himintervention helps to survive difficult period in the relationship of children toclose person.

As we have already noted, disagreements between "fathers" and "children" have always existed. Their reasons are completely different, but the essence is the same - a misunderstanding of people from different eras, which is easy to avoid if, at least a little, be more tolerant of each other.

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As long as humanity exists, it is so much worried about the eternal problem of "fathers and children", which is based on the rupture of ties between different generations. What leads to misunderstanding between “fathers and sons”? From the time of Socrates and Aristotle to the present day, there has been a conflict (disagreement, clash underlying the struggle of heroes) between generations in society. This question occupied and occupies, if not central, then one of the main places in their thoughts. During rapid changes in any sphere of human life, this problem arises with a vengeance: fathers are conservatives who are alien to any changes, and children are “engines of progress”, striving to overthrow foundations and traditions, to bring their ideas to life. "Fathers and sons" I take in a broader sense than family ties.

I remember A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. The conflict between "fathers and sons" here lies in the field of worldviews, views on the world. Famusov boasts that, in his opinion, he lived his life with dignity. He argues that Sophia should not look for another role model, if in the eyes of "an example of a father." What is interesting in this work is that the “fathers” include not only Famusov and his entourage, but also Chatsky’s peers, Sofia and Molchalin, who are members of the Famus society, and Chatsky, a representative of the new world, is alien to them. Alien because he thinks about the world and acts differently in life.

This social phenomenon was also reflected in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”, where Evgeny, by his behavior and statements, shows that the time in which the elders and his father lived is irreversibly a thing of the past, and an era with different principles comes to replace it. and ideals. But even in this work, it can be noted that in its finale, Arkady, a former companion of Bazarov, and his wife Katya, young people, join the camp of “fathers”. Interesting in this novel is the fact that N.P. Kirsanov is ready to agree with Bazarov’s reproaches: “The pill is bitter, but you need to swallow it!”

I can conclude that disagreements between "fathers" and "children" have always existed. Their reasons are completely different, but the essence is the same - a misunderstanding of people from different eras, which is easy to avoid if you are at least a little more tolerant of each other. At the same time, I want to emphasize that no matter how fathers and children argue, they still remained and remain close people ... (355 words)

Preparation for the final essay in the 11th grade.

Dispute of generations: together and apart

Theme. Conflict and continuity of generations in the works of Russian literature.

Lesson #1

Goals.

1. Check and consolidate knowledge of fiction.

2. Develop skills in working with text.

3. To reveal the essence of the relationship of the main characters of the works with the opposing other.

4. To conclude how the conflict and continuity of generations are reflected.

Method.

Analytical conversation, commentary reading, retelling of episodes, creative work students (writing essays).

During the classes.

1. Recording the theme and epigraphs:

"Honor your father and your mother,

and it will be good for you

and you will live long on earth

(Biblical commandment)

"The connection of times is broken"

(W. Shakespeare)

“Today Russian society

is in short supply

spiritual bonds"

(V.V. Putin)

2. The teacher's word about the goals and objectives of the lesson

Word-by-word thinking about the wording of the topic. The teacher emphasizes that every word is really important here. And the key words here are:

Conflict is a clash, irreconcilability, contradiction, protest.

Continuity is the continuation of what was started by the predecessors, following their path.

How do you understand epigraphs?

Introduction by the teacher.

“It hurts me to talk about it today, but I have to say it. Today, Russian society is experiencing a clear shortage of spiritual bonds,” these are the words from the message to the Federal Assembly of President V.V. Putin.

Indeed, our society has lost over the past decades traditional moral values. The disunity of "Fathers and Sons", misunderstanding even within one generation is especially acute now, when the former meanings and goals have been lost, and new ones cause confusion and uncertainty.

True, such disputes were obvious in the old days.

I propose to recall the essence of the disputes between fathers and children in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

Remember what marked the arrival of Bazarov in Maryino?

First of all, Bazarov does not consider it necessary to change his usual behavior in order to please the elementary rules of courtesy. Once in a society of people of the older generation who do not share revolutionary democratic convictions, he shows intolerance towards their opinion, becomes rude among his comrades.

3. Examination homework(advance homework)

As an early homework assignment, you should have thought about the following questions:

- How did Turgenev oppose the nihilist Bazarov to the Kirsanov brothers?

Is Bazarov endowed with reflection, a certain discrepancy between words (beliefs) and deeds (willingness and ability to “get out of hand”)? In what episodes does it show up?

How do Bazarov characterize his cynical judgments about women and his deep, passionate love for Odintsova?

What can be said about the hero's rude statements about his parents and tender love for his old people?

In what episodes of the novel is Bazarov's "great heart" and the unconditional tragedy of his fate revealed? Where does the tragedy of senseless denial of what is beautiful (music, poetry, painting, nature) manifest itself?

4. Conversation behavior

The problem littered with Turgenev in the title of the novel is a problem for all time. Actually, this is the problem of rethinking the life values ​​of the generation that precedes the generation that comes to replace it. Not every change of generations is accompanied by such a rethinking and such a break, as happened with Bazarov.

It is important to note that the ideological conflict that arose in the novel between Bazarov and the "fathers" cannot be resolved by reconciliation. Worldview confrontation leads to a complete rupture - to a violation of connections of times. (see 1 epigraph). The figure of Bazarov is tragic because of his loneliness. He does not have real followers in his main field (do not think that medicine is his main field). He is lonely in his personal life. His old parents are almost afraid of him, and he misses them. And in relations with Odintsova, he fails. This story completely broke him.

It suddenly turns out that with the people, knowledge and understanding, which he so boasts of, he also does not have a true affinity. A simple peasant pronounces a sentence on him: “It is known, master: does he understand anything?”

Skepticism embraces the hero. He himself ceases to believe in the necessity of any useful activity. Fatigue, inaction, longing of the hero lead to a tragic dead end of his life path.

5. Transition to the analysis of scenes from The Captain's Daughter

Teacher

And yet, how good it is when not a war, not a protest against the older generation, but continuity, which gives an understanding of the meaning of the life of fathers, is established in the minds of children. "Spiritual bonds" forever connected Peter Grinev with his parents.

Recall the main episodes that reveal the behavior of the hero, following the father's covenant, in the story "The Captain's Daughter".

Students retell

The episode of the execution of the defenders of the Belogorsk fortress.

At Pugachev's headquarters.

In Berdskaya Sloboda.

We draw a conclusion

An example of perseverance, loyalty to one's convictions, to the tsar and the Fatherland and, of course, to God, is Pyotr Grinev. Despite the difficult dramatic circumstances in which he found himself, Pyotr Grinev did not drop his honor, remained faithful to the empress and did not dishonor the honor of his family. The hero always hoped for the mercy of the Lord and got out of the most difficult situations thanks to his moral qualities. In difficult moments of life, he is guided not by momentary interests, but by higher principles that help him make the right decisions. No matter how Pugachev persuaded him to go over to his side, Grinev did not betray himself, his convictions, while maintaining dignity and honor.

6. Transition to benchmarking two heroes: Molchalin from the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" and Chichikov from the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".

What unites the two heroes Pavlusha Chichikov and Molchalin?

Both received the advice of their fathers, but these covenants carry an immoral element. Commentary by students and confirmation by texts.

Lesson number 2 Lesson for the development of speech.

Writing essays on the topic of lesson number 1.

Fragments of compositions.

Essay 1

Both heroes (Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich) felt hostility towards each other at the first meeting. Pavel Petrovich dubbed Bazarov a cynic, a plebeian, a doctor, a hairy, charlatan. Bazarov calls Kirsanov an aristocrat, an idiot. And the very first meeting over tea led to a verbal duel, which lasted until the real duel.

They argued on various issues that were of concern at that time: about backgammon, his life, about science, patriotism, religion, art. Here and below, the nihilistic views of Bazarov came to light. He believes that "a decent chemist is 20 times more useful than a poet", that "nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." Bazarov does not recognize feelings, believing that there are only sensations. Being a naturalist, the hero does not recognize any higher spiritual values.

But life begins to test Bazarov's views. Gradually, after meeting with Odintsova, Bazarov begins to realize his helplessness before eternity and the power of nature: “... And the part of the time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I was not and will not be! ..” - he exclaims. We feel sadness and confusion in these words.

Yes, and love, which he also denied, enters his life. As it turned out, he is capable of a deep feeling. Although it remained unanswered, and in fact before he was so cynical in relation to a woman.

Bazarov's conflict with his parents gives particular sharpness and piercing. Bazarov's feelings are contradictory. On the one hand, in a burst of frankness, he admits that he loves his parents, and on the other hand, his words show contempt for the “stupid life of fathers”, dictated by his life position, his firm convictions. This discord, apparently, cannot be resolved. Bazarov claims: "Every person should educate himself - well, at least like me." But he is wrong. Only thanks to the example of parents, their upbringing, was Bazarov's intellectual growth possible. Its tragedy is that having lost the opportunity to understand them, to accept them as they are. As it is, forgive. There is a great gulf between them, and Bazarov himself does not want to get close to them, considering this a step back.

“Honor your father and your mother, may it be good for you, may you live long on earth,” says the fifth commandment given by the Lord God. What is the right way to honor your father and mother? First of all, it is to love them, to be grateful to them for the life they gave, not to judge their actions, to take care of them until their death, to listen to them in everything.

Complete oblivion of this commandment in Bazarov: "be it good to you, you will have to on earth." I forgot about God, excluded him from my life: “I look at the sky when I want to sneeze,” says the hero. That's also why such a tragic ending to the story.

Essay No. 2

So what is the novel about? About the tragedy of a man corroded with the world of his fathers. A novel about a man who trampled on many universal, Christian values: love for one's neighbor, the commandments "thou shalt not kill" (he still shot himself in a duel) and "what is his father and mother."

What else can be blamed on him. Guilty, because he was burdened by his parents, was condescending and arrogant in friendship, cynical in relation to a woman, treated Sitnikov and Kukshina with contempt, people, albeit miserable and narrow-minded, but still people. And most importantly, he excluded the thought of God. So all the same, apart, and not together with the fathers of the mountain. He never changed his beliefs. The extremes in the views of Bazarov were brought to all subsequent times, because they carried a destructive, immoral beginning.

Essay No. 3

Problems of fathers and children exist in many works of literature. In the family, from his parents, a person receives the first knowledge about life, about relationships between people. Therefore, the relationship in the family, between parents and children, depends on how a person will treat other people in the future, what moral principles he will choose for himself, what will be the main and sacred for him.

“Take care of honor from a young age,” this is how the father of his son Peter, setting off for military service. And Peter Grinev fulfilled this covenant to the end. In difficult circumstances, the hero often finds himself, but he never sullied his honor or dropped his dignity. Spiritual bonds, speaking modern language, tied him to his roots forever. Nowhere in the story does Grinev retreat from honor out of cowardice, out of fear. Here in the Belogorsk fortress, the captured Grinev, recognized and spared by Pugachev, is dragged to the chieftain to kiss the hand of the “sovereign”. "Kiss the hand, kiss the hand!" they were talking about me. But I would have preferred the cruelest execution to such vile humiliation.”

In the story, nowhere does Grinev consciously compromise his officer's honor. He is spared, he is given gifts and Pugachev helps to free his bride. Grinev himself does not help the impostor in any way, except for moral help. Moreover, he forces Pugachev to treat his ideas of honor and oath with a certain respect.

“God sees that with my life I would be glad to pay you for what you have done for me. Just do not demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience, ”Grinev says to Pugachev when Masha is released.

Essay No. 4

Nowhere in the story does honor contradict conscience. What to hold on to What won't let you down? It is necessary to hold on to conscience, to honor in the eyes of God (I think this was what the father had in mind when instructing his son), for God. This will help to maintain honor in the eyes of people. Such a deeply Christian, deeply Russian answer is given by Pushkin in the story The Captain's Daughter. His hero, of course, from an early age, knew the commandment to honor parents. And it was good for him, but he was long-lived on earth, for he remained a real citizen, a good family man and a true Christian.

Essay No. 5

Fathers are different. There were also those who in their instructions, which for them was the most important thing in life. Father punished Pavlusha Chichikov most of all to please teachers and mentors, to save and save a penny. "You will do everything and break through the world with a penny." Spiritual emptiness and carrion emanates from the hero. All thoughts and feelings of this person are subordinated to one desire - to become rich at any cost. For the sake of the cherished goal, he resorts to cunning and deceit, showing the most disgusting qualities: resourcefulness, dexterity, flattery, fraud. There is nothing sacred in this man, and it could not be, judging by the instruction, which he clearly surpassed. Gogol calls Chichikov a scoundrel.

But another character is Molchalin. He fully shares the views of the older generation. It helps him a lot in life. He also achieved the rank of assessor, and became the secretary of Famusov, the Moscow ace, he is loved by the daughter of a rich man. And all this because he adhered to the covenant of his father:

First, to please all people without exception-

the owner, where you happen to live,

the boss with whom I will serve,

his servant who cleans the dress,

doorman, janitor to avoid evil,

janitor's dog, so that it was affectionate.

In addition to this servility and servility, "moderation and accuracy" brought him significant success. But the reader is not mistaken: everything is disgusting in this man, everything is hidden, concealed. Clever Chatsky can see the insignificance and stupidity of Molchalin, his voicelessness and cringing. At the end of the play, the cowardice and meanness of Molchalin, his prudence and hypocrisy, his sycophancy and insincerity were revealed to Sofya.

Final word from the teacher.

This is how we talk in the lesson about the conflict and continuity of generations, the problem of fathers and children. This problem has always existed and remains relevant today.

What values ​​will the younger generation inherit from the older ones? What “spiritual bonds will unite people in a family, society? What basic values ​​are most in demand by young people today? And what to do so that all the same "eternal values" are the highest human qualities - such as faith, honor and nobility, service to one's cause, work in revealing the talents given to man by God, kindness, love for people, one's Fatherland, loyalty to him , - were in honor of everyone who enters adulthood. For forgetfulness, neglect of them leads to misunderstanding between people and generations, tragic breaks.

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1 preparation for USE Preparation to the final essay in the direction "DISPUTE OF GENERATIONS" Recommendations, advice, examples. 2014/2015 academic year

2 Nadezhda Gennadievna Gorokh "Dispute between generations: together and apart" The topics of this direction are aimed at reasoning about family values, about various facets of the problem of relationships between generations: psychological, social, moral, etc. (based on works of domestic and world literature). In my opinion, it is inappropriate to offer students to read voluminous works in this area. It is much more fruitful to recall the "family thought" in L. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", works studied in grades 7-9. I am sure that many teachers for lessons extracurricular reading took the stories of A. Aleksin. Each work of A. Aleksin can become a life lesson for a teenager, because the main motive of his work is the problem of relationships between children and adults: the establishment of mutual trust, true love, the talent of humanity. Anatoly Aleksin. “Call and come”, “Late child”, “My brother plays the clarinet”, “Division of property”, etc. Young heroes of all these stories, they are constantly fighting to ensure that the people with whom they are confronted by life, and above all those close to them, always feel good. The hero of the story “Call and Come” does his best to protect his mother from meeting her classmate, who has now become a famous musician. So the boy fights so that, as he thinks, his mother does not awaken again sympathy for his classmate Sergei Potapov, with whom, according to his grandmother, his mother was in love at school. So he hides in his briefcase the invitation cards sent to his parents from the school where the meeting of classmates is to take place, and tells his mother that he forgot. "Forgot! Didn't pay attention! mother is outraged. This is the worst! Because it speaks of your indifference. But not indifference, but concern for the fate of the family dictated the act of the hero. This atmosphere of mutual concern with mood, well-being, success of each other wins over us, readers. Let us remember how not only the surgeon's father, who "physically felt the suffering of his patients", but both mother and grandmother are all preoccupied with the fate, health, in fact, of a stranger who came to their house from Siberia. What happiness all the heroes experience when the study showed that that terrible disease does not exist! What pride the boy feels for his father when he learns how highly his talent as a surgeon, his devotion to the cause, are highly valued! This is the main thing: to be proud of your father, to strive to be like him, because in this atmosphere of respect for each other, family pride is born. “Division of property” Material for working with the class: A.G. Aleksin always tries to penetrate into the very depths of the soul, into its hidden corners and bring to the surface what was hidden. So he reveals the characters of Verochka, the main character of the story, her mother Sofya Vasilyevna, father and grandmother Anisya Ivanovna. They are all members of the same family. Is this a normal family? (Not really, because a child is sick in this family) Verochka's illness unites everyone living under one roof. It seems that everyone should rally, unite their forces. But not everything is simple here. What is the relationship between parents? (In this family, the head is mother Sofya Vasilievna. She was an ecologist, “tirelessly fought for the environment.” But “fighting poisoning

3 nature, did not admire nature itself, did not notice its beauties. Mom was called a "strong specialist." Verochka's dad worked as a guide in the museum. Over the years, he "crouched down", spoke in an undertone, "and with his mother even a quarter." “Dad fought for museum values ​​just like mom fought for the environment”). So, we see that complex relationships are hidden behind the external gloss. A strong-willed mother suppresses a soft dad. However, as parents they want to be only child recovered and reintegrated into society. Anisia Ivanovna is also interested in the recovery of her granddaughter and is trying in every possible way to help her. How are the methods of treatment of parents and grandmother different? (The parents put up with Vera's illness, and the method of their treatment is based on the "inferiority" of their daughter. Anisia Ivanovna, on the other hand, sees in her granddaughter ordinary child, talks to her as an equal, always says: "It's okay!"). We see that parents and grandmother have different approaches to Vera's treatment. Parents believe that you can say anything in front of a girl, because she "does not understand." So, dad talks about his disappointment in life, mom's colleague Anton Alexandrovich confesses his love to Sofya Vasilyevna in front of Vera. Grandma's methods are very different from parental ones. Whose method of treatment, in your opinion, is more humane, humane? (Anisiya Ivanovna) Why do you think? What is it connected with? (Grandmother was a nurse and knows what the will to live, the desire to live) is. Yes, Anisia Ivanovna has seen many cases when people were on the verge of life and death, she saw what love for life is. And as Verochka herself says, “grandmother managed to convince me, as she probably convinced seriously ill people more than once, that there, behind the hard-to-reach ridges, is the valley of salvation.” The granddaughter felt better when her grandmother asked her to bring a box of threads to teach Verochka how to sew. Any person feels normal when he is treated like an ordinary, normal person. But my parents tried too. Parents are always a standard for us, a role model. Were there any cases when Verochka doubted the sincerity of her parents? When did she find it difficult to understand her parents' behavior? (Grandmother had an older sister, Aunt Manya. She was a good-natured woman who lived alone in the village. Aunt Manya always sent salted mushrooms and jam to her relatives. But illness overtook this woman. Thanks to Verochka, Sofya Vasilievna and her husband decided to shelter a relative at home. But death preceded Anisya Ivanovna and her granddaughter. By the time they arrived, Aunt Manya looked like a mound with a cross under the “tilted roof of an oak tree.” For several days they could not write a letter to the city, because it was difficult to report such a thing. which she asks not to bring Aunt Manya). It was the content of this letter that made Vera take a different look at her parents. If she had not noticed it before, but now everything has changed. Mom's phrases about "one-way traffic", her desire to "look always beautiful" betrayed her. Behind external beauty falsehood was hidden. That is why it is more painful for Verochka to accept this, because everything happened unexpectedly. So what is the grandmother's "human feat"? (It lies in the fact that she treats her granddaughter as a healthy child) Analyzing these circumstances, one can understand why Verochka decides to stay with her grandmother. How did it happen that in this family not only furniture is shared, but the child becomes part of the property? In the same court, Vera hears the words of the judge "sueing the mother is the last thing." Then everything changes. Grandma is leaving. So there will be no trial. Only the bitter truth that “one who is needed is needed. Needed when needed. Needed while needed” appears here already openly. Nothing can be changed. Why A.G. Does Aleksin give away the right to narrate to a teenager? (Children perceive everything differently, more acutely, they are not cunning, they are sensitive to lies and falsehood).

4 "My happiest day" - very short story A. Aleksina, so students can easily read it. Thesis: Love and respect for parents, attention and care for loved ones, understanding and support for each other are the key to a friendly and happy family. Questions for discussion: - Who is this story about? - What happened in the boy's family? - What did the boy decide to do to reconcile his parents? Did he succeed? How would you explain the title of the story? - What qualities of the character of the hero can we say? - Could you call one of the days of your life also happy? Who understands happiness? - What is happiness for each of you? Boris Ekimov "Night of Healing" - What topics does B. Ekimov raise in this story? Theme of memory, "echoes of war" in the lives of people who survived it (direction "Issues of war"); compassion theme, true mercy(direction "How people live"), the theme of relationships in the family (direction "Dispute of generations"). The material that perfectly reveals the topic related to the war can be found here: on two other topics - can be found in development: A.P. Platonov "The Third Son" The plot is simple: an old woman dies in the city. Her husband summons six sons by telegram. The sons come, participate in the memorial service, and the next day they bury their mother. Theme of the story: fathers and sons, maternal love, life and death, generational change. The main elements of the composition: the exposition - a telegram about the death of the mother; the beginning of the arrival of sons; the development of the action of the memorial service, the nightly fun of the sons; the culmination of the act of the third son; denouement of the funeral. The sons are huge men between the ages of 20 and 40. Two sailors, a physicist, an artist, a student (agronomist), the head of an airplane plant workshop with an order on his chest "for his working dignity." These were real men. The whole "system", "guard" was given to the camp by the mother. During the day, gathered at the mother's coffin, the sons feel despair, experience loneliness and fear, inconvenience and shame (when the priest appears). At night, these feelings are replaced by others, the verbs “laughed, sang, laughed, laughed” speak of this. The reader understands the old man's resentment and the granddaughter's fear. The author, as if justifying the brothers, writes: “Apparently, all the brothers loved each other and were happy about their date.” But anxiety seizes when we read: “For many years they have not come together, and in the future it is not known when they will come together again. Maybe just for my father's funeral? If they love each other so much, why didn't they want to meet under other circumstances? The story is called “The Third Son”, since it was the words of the third son that silenced the laughter and even singing in the room next to the coffin, and then his fainting over the coffin of his mother allowed the brothers to rethink something and feel the loss keenly. But the author's hopes are connected not only with him, but with a little girl, his daughter, who has never seen her grandparents, and now, lying on the bed in the same room where the coffin stands, she utters only right words: "I feel sorry for my grandmother .. Everyone lives, but she alone died."

5 The story ends with a funeral, but if at the beginning of the story the father was grieving and crying, then at the end “he was pleased and proud that these six mighty people would also bury him, and no worse.” Love is alive: the brothers have come to their senses, and there is a granddaughter, a symbol of the future. F. Abramov "To the same land" In the same vein, one can consider the story of F. Abramov "To the same land". Questions for discussion: - What impression does reading the story “To the same land” make? What pages are painful, unpleasant, scary to read? Where does the feeling of relief, purification (catharsis) arise? What causes admiration, sympathy, pity? - Make a list of social, moral, philosophical problems story. What are their relationships with each other? We come to the conclusion that all problems are interconnected, tied to modern writer life, lead to the thought and how to live on? What is the choice of modern man? The answer is simple. Only kindness can save the world. Rasputin writes about Tanka, the step-granddaughter of the main character, who in a bitter moment wants to be her own, to be together. It is she, the girl, who offers Pashuta to open the door to the room where the deceased old grandmother lies: “She is all alone there.” Maybe this is the way to open the doors of your soul towards goodness, close people, the living and the dead? The same story can be taken to argue the ecological theme from the "Man and Nature" direction. Irina Kuramshina "Filial duty". If in Platonov's story the mother seemed to be standing next to each of crying sons and grieved that she made them suffer with her death, then in the story of the modern writer I. Kramshina we see a different image of the mother. It is no coincidence that the story begins with the well-known line: “Dragonfly Jumper” Long years the heroine did not at all engage in raising her son, having attached him with the help of a rich lover to a round-the-clock boarding school at the Diplomatic Corps. Now, a sick and practically doomed woman is rethinking her life and passing judgment on herself: “What kind of mother am I? Worthless. Echidna. Cuckoo He spent ten years in a boarding school. Like in a prison. The term has expired. Sometimes I was too lazy to take him home on weekends. The parcel sentences show how difficult these confessions are for the absurd, selfish and hysterical Rena. This is how she justifies her son's indifference. That is how she regards his attitude towards herself. It is difficult to put into words her amazement when the son, from whom she hides her illness, informs her that he has broken into the table where she keeps the history of her illness, now he knows everything and even knows how to help her. “I will be the donor. Rigidly, in a tone that brooks no objection, said Max. You and I share the same blood type. We are close relatives. Closer nowhere. Is that so? ... Don't cry, you fool. I don't do anything supernatural. It's my duty. I want you to babysit my grandchildren." Perhaps this is the most important thing in family relationships- to love, in spite of everything, to be able to understand, accept and forgive and always feel indebted to their parents. I also advise you to read the story of I. Kramshina "The Equivalent of Happiness"

6 "Dispute of generations: together and apart". literary examples. The topics of this direction are aimed at the discussion about family values, about various facets of the problem of relationships between generations: psychological, social, moral, etc. (based on works of domestic and world literature). In my opinion, it is inappropriate to offer students to read voluminous works in this area. It is much more fruitful to recall the "family thought" in L. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", works studied in grades 7-9. I am sure that many teachers took the stories of A. Aleksin for extracurricular reading lessons. Each work of A. Aleksin can become a life lesson for a teenager, because the main motive of his work is the problem of relationships between children and adults: the assertion of mutual trust, true love, the talent of humanity. Anatoly Aleksin. “Call and come”, “Late child”, “My brother plays the clarinet”, “Division of property”, etc. The young heroes of all these stories are constantly fighting to ensure that the people with whom they are confronted, and above all relatives, relatives, it was always good. The hero of the story “Call and Come” does his best to protect his mother from meeting her classmate, who has now become a famous musician. So the boy fights so that, as he thinks, his mother does not awaken again sympathy for his classmate Sergei Potapov, with whom, according to his grandmother, his mother was in love at school. So he hides in his briefcase the invitation cards sent to his parents from the school where the meeting of classmates is to take place, and tells his mother that he forgot. "Forgot! Didn't pay attention! mother is outraged. This is the worst! Because it speaks of your indifference. But not indifference, but concern for the fate of the family dictated the act of the hero. This atmosphere of mutual concern with mood, well-being, success of each other wins over us, readers. Let us remember how not only the surgeon's father, who "physically felt the suffering of his patients", but both mother and grandmother are all preoccupied with the fate, health, in fact, of a stranger who came to their house from Siberia. What happiness all the heroes experience when the study showed that that terrible disease does not exist! What pride the boy feels for his father when he learns how highly his talent as a surgeon, his devotion to the cause, are highly valued! This is the main thing: to be proud of your father, to strive to be like him, because in this atmosphere of respect for each other, family pride is born. "Division of property" Material for working with the class: A. G. Aleksin always tries to penetrate into the very depths of the soul, into its hidden corners and bring to the surface what was hidden. So he reveals the characters of Verochka, the main character of the story, her mother Sofya Vasilyevna, father and grandmother Anisya Ivanovna. They are all members of the same family. Is this a normal family? (Not really, because a child is sick in this family) Verochka's illness unites everyone living under one roof. It seems that everyone should rally, unite their forces. But not everything is simple here. What is the relationship between parents? (In this family, the head is mother Sofya Vasilievna. She was an ecologist, “tirelessly fought for the environment.” But “fighting the poisoning of nature, she did not admire nature itself, did not notice its beauties.” Mother was called

7 "strong specialist". Verochka's dad worked as a guide in the museum. Over the years, he "crouched down", spoke in an undertone, "and with his mother even a quarter." “Dad fought for museum values ​​just like mom fought for the environment”). So, we see that complex relationships are hidden behind the external gloss. A strong-willed mother suppresses a soft dad. However, they, as parents, want their only child to get better and be included in the life of society. Anisia Ivanovna is also interested in the recovery of her granddaughter and is trying in every possible way to help her. How are the methods of treatment of parents and grandmother different? (The parents put up with Vera's illness, and the method of their treatment is based on the "inferiority" of their daughter. Anisia Ivanovna, on the other hand, sees an ordinary child in her granddaughter, talks to her as an equal, always says: "It's okay!"). We see that parents and grandmother have different approaches to Vera's treatment. Parents believe that you can say anything in front of a girl, because she "does not understand." So, dad talks about his disappointment in life, mom's colleague Anton Alexandrovich confesses his love to Sofya Vasilyevna in front of Vera. Grandma's methods are very different from parental ones. Whose method of treatment, in your opinion, is more humane, humane? (Anisiya Ivanovna) Why do you think? What is it connected with? (Grandmother was a nurse and knows what the will to live, the desire to live) is. Yes, Anisia Ivanovna has seen many cases when people were on the verge of life and death, she saw what love for life is. And as Verochka herself says, “grandmother managed to convince me, as she probably convinced seriously ill people more than once, that there, behind the hard-to-reach ridges, is the valley of salvation.” The granddaughter felt better when her grandmother asked her to bring a box of threads to teach Verochka how to sew. Any person feels normal when he is treated like an ordinary, normal person. But my parents tried too. Parents are always a standard for us, a role model. Were there any cases when Verochka doubted the sincerity of her parents? When did she find it difficult to understand her parents' behavior? (Grandmother had an older sister, Aunt Manya. She was a good-natured woman who lived alone in the village. Aunt Manya always sent salted mushrooms and jam to her relatives. But illness overtook this woman. Thanks to Verochka, Sofya Vasilievna and her husband decided to shelter a relative at home. But death preceded Anisya Ivanovna and her granddaughter By the time they arrived, Aunt Manya looked like a mound with a cross under the "tilted oak roof." For several days they could not write a letter to the city, because it is difficult to report such a thing. Suddenly a letter arrived from Sofya Vasilievna, in which she asked not to bring Aunt Manya.) It was the content of this letter that made Vera take a different look at her parents. If she had not noticed it before, but now everything has changed. Mom's phrases about "one-way traffic", her desire to "look always beautiful" betrayed her. Falseness was hidden behind external beauty. That is why it is more painful for Verochka to accept this, because everything happened unexpectedly. So what is the grandmother's "human feat"? (It lies in the fact that she treats her granddaughter as a healthy child) Analyzing these circumstances, one can understand why Verochka decides to stay with her grandmother. How did it happen that in this family not only furniture is shared, but the child becomes part of the property? In the same court, Vera hears the words of the judge "sueing the mother is the last thing." Then everything changes. Grandma is leaving. So there will be no trial. Only the bitter truth that “one who is needed is needed. Needed when needed. Needed while needed” appears here already openly. Nothing can be changed. Why A.G. Does Aleksin give away the right to narrate to a teenager? (Children perceive everything differently, more acutely, they are not cunning, they are sensitive to lies and falsehood).

8 “My happiest day” is a very short story by A. Aleksin, so students can easily read it. Thesis: Love and respect for parents, attention and care for loved ones, understanding and support for each other are the key to a friendly and happy family. Questions for discussion: - Who is this story about? - What happened in the boy's family? - What did the boy decide to do to reconcile his parents? Did he succeed? How would you explain the title of the story? - What qualities of the character of the hero can we say? - Could you call one of the days of your life also happy? Who understands happiness? - What is happiness for each of you? Boris Ekimov "Night of Healing" - What topics does B. Ekimov raise in this story? Theme of memory, "echoes of war" in the lives of people who survived it (direction "Issues of war"); the theme of compassion, true mercy (direction "How people live"), the theme of relationships in the family (direction "Dispute of generations"). The material that perfectly reveals the topic related to the war can be found here: on two other topics - can be found in development: A.P. Platonov "The Third Son" The plot is simple: an old woman dies in the city. Her husband summons six sons by telegram. The sons come, participate in the memorial service, and the next day they bury their mother. Theme of the story: fathers and sons, maternal love, life and death, generational change. The main elements of the composition: the exposition - a telegram about the death of the mother; the beginning of the arrival of sons; the development of the action of the memorial service, the nightly fun of the sons; the culmination of the act of the third son; denouement of the funeral. The sons are huge men between the ages of 20 and 40. Two sailors, a physicist, an artist, a student (agronomist), the head of an airplane plant workshop with an order on his chest "for his working dignity." These were real men. The whole "system", "guard" was given to the camp by the mother. During the day, gathered at the mother's coffin, the sons feel despair, experience loneliness and fear, inconvenience and shame (when the priest appears). At night, these feelings are replaced by others, the verbs “laughed, sang, laughed, laughed” speak of this. The reader understands the old man's resentment and the granddaughter's fear. The author, as if justifying the brothers, writes: “Apparently, all the brothers loved each other and were happy about their date.” But anxiety seizes when we read: “For many years they have not come together, and in the future it is not known when they will come together again. Maybe just for my father's funeral? If they love each other so much, why didn't they want to meet under other circumstances? The story is called “The Third Son”, since it was the words of the third son that silenced the laughter and even singing in the room next to the coffin, and then his fainting over the coffin of his mother allowed the brothers to rethink something and feel the loss keenly. But the author’s hopes are connected not only with him, but with a little girl, his daughter, who has never seen her grandparents, and now, lying on the bed in the same room where the coffin stands, she utters the only true words: “I feel sorry for my grandmother .. Everyone lives, but she alone died.”

9 The story ends with a funeral, but if at the beginning of the story the father was grieving, crying, then at the end "he was pleased and proud that these six mighty people would also bury him, and no worse." Love is alive: the brothers have come to their senses, and there is a granddaughter, a symbol of the future. In Rasputin's "Into the same land" In the same vein, the story of V. Rasputin's "In the same land" can be considered. Questions for discussion: - What impression does reading the story “To the same land” make? What pages are painful, unpleasant, scary to read? Where does the feeling of relief, purification (catharsis) arise? What causes admiration, sympathy, pity? - Make a list of social, moral, philosophical problems of the story. What are their relationships with each other? We come to the conclusion that all problems are interconnected, tied to the writer's contemporary life, leading to the thought, how to live on? What is the choice of modern man? The answer is simple. Only kindness can save the world. Rasputin writes about Tanka, the step-granddaughter of the main character, who in a bitter moment wants to be her own, to be together. It is she, the girl, who offers Pashuta to open the door to the room where the deceased old grandmother lies: “She is all alone there.” Maybe this is the way to open the doors of your soul towards goodness, close people, the living and the dead? The same story can be taken to argue the ecological theme from the "Man and Nature" direction. Irina Kramshina "Filial duty". If in Platonov's story the mother seemed to stand next to each of the crying sons and grieved that she made them suffer with her death, then in the story of the modern writer I. Kramshina we see a different image of the mother. It is no coincidence that the story begins with the well-known line: “Dragonfly Jumper” For many years, the heroine did not at all raise her son, having attached him with the help of a wealthy lover to a round-the-clock boarding school at the Diplomatic Corps. Now, a sick and practically doomed woman is rethinking her life and passing judgment on herself: “What kind of mother am I? Worthless. Echidna. Cuckoo He spent ten years in a boarding school. Like in a prison. The term has expired. Sometimes I was too lazy to take him home on weekends. The parcel sentences show how difficult these confessions are for the absurd, selfish and hysterical Rena. This is how she justifies her son's indifference. That is how she regards his attitude towards herself. It is difficult to put into words her amazement when the son, from whom she hides her illness, tells her that he hacked into the table where she keeps the history of her illness, now he knows everything and even knows how to help her. “I will be the donor. Rigidly, in a tone that brooks no objection, said Max. You and I share the same blood type. We are close relatives. Closer nowhere. Is that so? ... Don't cry, you fool. I don't do anything supernatural. It's my duty. I want you to babysit my grandchildren." This is probably the most important thing in family relationships - to love, no matter what, to be able to understand, accept and forgive, and always feel indebted to your parents. I also advise you to read the story of I. Kramshina "The Equivalent of Happiness"

10 EXAMPLES OF WORKS Turgenev and. with. - The problem of fathers and children in the novel and. with. Turgenev The problem of fathers and children can be called eternal. But it is especially aggravated in turning points development of society, when the older and younger generations become spokesmen for the ideas of two different eras. It is such a time in the history of Russia, the 60s XIX years century is shown in the novel by I. S. Turgenev Fathers and Sons. The conflict of fathers and children depicted in it goes far beyond the family framework. public conflict the old nobility and aristocracy and the young revolutionary-democratic intelligentsia. The problem of fathers and children is revealed in the novel in the relationship of the young nihilist Bazarov with the representative of the nobility Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Bazarov with his parents, as well as on the example of relations within the Kirsanov family. Two generations are contrasted in the novel even external description. Yevgeny Bazarov appears before us as a man cut off from the outside world, gloomy and at the same time possessing a huge inner strength and energy. Describing Bazarov, Turgenev focuses on his mind. The description of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, on the contrary, consists mainly of external characteristics. Pavel Petrovich is an outwardly attractive man, he wears starched white shirts and patent leather ankle boots. Former socialite that once roared in metropolitan society, he kept his habits while living with his brother in the countryside. Pavel Petrovich is always impeccable and elegant. This man leads a life typical representative aristocratic society spends time in idleness and idleness. In contrast, Bazarov brings real benefits to people, deals with specific problems. In my opinion, the problem of fathers and children is most deeply shown in the novel precisely in the relationship of these two characters, despite the fact that they are not connected by direct family relations. The conflict that arose between Bazarov and Kirsanov proves that the problem of fathers and children in Turgenev's novel is both a problem of two generations and a problem of a clash of two different socio-political camps. These characters of the novel occupy exactly the opposite positions. life positions.

11 In the frequent disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, almost all the main issues on which the raznochintsy democrats and liberals differed in their views (about the ways of the country's further development, about materialism and idealism, about knowledge of science, understanding of art and about the attitude towards the people). At the same time, Pavel Petrovich actively defends the old foundations, while Bazarov, on the contrary, advocates their destruction. And to Kirsanov’s reproach that you, they say, are destroying everything (But you need to build it), Bazarov replies that first you need to clear the place. We also see the conflict of generations in the relationship between Bazarov and his parents. The main character has very conflicting feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other hand, he despises the stupid life of his fathers. First of all, his convictions are alienated from Bazarov's parents. If in Arkady we see superficial contempt for the older generation, caused more by a desire to imitate a friend, and not coming from within, then with Bazarov everything is different. This is his position in life. With all this, we see that it was to the parents that their son Eugene was truly dear. The old Bazarovs love Yevgeny very much, and this love softens their relationship with their son, the lack of mutual understanding. She is stronger than other feelings and lives even when the main character dies. There is a small rural cemetery in one of the remote corners of Russia ... It shows a sad look: the ditches surrounding it have long been overgrown; gray wooden crosses are drooping and rotting under their once-painted roofs... But between them there is one (grave) that no man touches, no animal tramples on: only birds sit on it and sing at dawn... Bazarov is buried in this grave... Two already decrepit old men come to her... As for the problem of fathers and children within the Kirsanov family, it seems to me that it is not deep. Arkady is like his father. He has essentially the same values ​​- home, family, peace. He prefers such simple happiness to concern for the world's good. Arkady is only trying to imitate Bazarov, and this is precisely the cause of contention within the Kirsanov family. The older generation of the Kirsanovs doubts the usefulness of his influence on Arkady. But Bazarov leaves the life of Arkady, and everything falls into place. The problem of fathers and children is one of the most important in Russian classical literature. The clash of the current century with the past century was reflected in his wonderful comedy Woe from Wit by A.S.

12 we meet in Pushkin and many other Russian classics. Being people looking to the future, writers, as a rule, stand on the side of the new generation. Turgenev, in his work Fathers and Sons, does not speak openly on either side. At the same time, he so fully reveals the life positions of the main characters of the novel, shows their positive and negative sides, which gives the reader the opportunity to decide for himself who was right. It is not surprising that Turgenev's contemporaries reacted sharply to the appearance of the work. The reactionary press accused the writer of currying favor with the youth, while the democratic press reproached the author for slandering the younger generation. Be that as it may, Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons has become one of the best classical works of Russian literature, and the topics covered in it remain relevant today.

13 Is the conflict of fathers and children eternal? All children love their parents. Although kids are sometimes capricious and do not obey, nevertheless, for them, mom is the kindest and most beautiful, and dad is the strongest and smartest. But the children grow up, and in almost every family there is some kind of misunderstanding, and often a conflict flares up between the older and younger generations. Why is this happening? Why relatives, close people do not feel comfortable next to each other, cannot or do not even want to be together? These are not today's questions: the problem has existed for centuries and, unfortunately, not only has not been solved, but is becoming more and more aggravated. The conflict of "fathers and sons", of course, could not but get on the pages of the works of Russian writers. In the 19th century I.S. Turgenev called one of his significant novels “Fathers and Sons” exactly like that. Basically, the writer talks about the clash of ideas, but I would like to dwell on an everyday situation that is close to any person: on the relationship between Yevgeny Bazarov and his parents. Bazarov's parents, Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna, are madly in love with their only son. When, after a long separation, he comes to them, they cannot breathe on their "Enyushenka", they do not know what to feed and where to put their son. The father experiences undisguised joy and pride when Arkady calls Bazarov "one of the most wonderful people whom he has ever met. "But what about Bazarov? Does he have the same feelings towards old people? He loves his parents, but judges sharply, calling their life insignificant, stinking. Such an existence causes boredom and anger in him. Having not lived in the family for even two days, Evgeny is going to leave: his father's adoration and mother's troubles interfere with him.The situation is understandable and typical: it always seems to young people that parents are "retired people, and their song is sung", that everything new, interesting is outside home that they, young people, will do a lot

14 are bigger and better than their ancestors. Of course, this is how it should be, otherwise life would stand still! But young man there should be a feeling of emotional attachment to parents and home, a feeling of sincere gratitude for everything that the elders gave him. In the last tragic moments of his life, Bazarov is surrounded by the love of his parents and speaks of them with tenderness: "After all, people like them cannot be found during the day with fire ..." Wherever the hero aspired, whatever goals he set for himself, it was enough him warmth to give the old people their due before they die. I would like to recall one more work that makes us think about how callous and cruel we are sometimes towards our closest person - mother. In the story of K. Paustovsky "Telegram" the old loving mother Katerina Petrovna has been waiting for her daughter Nastya for a long time. And that business, worries, everyday fuss, and there is not even time to answer a mother's letter. But since the mother writes, it means she is alive and well. Nastya sends money to the old woman and does not think that the mother just needs to see her daughter, hold her hand, stroke her head. When the girl received an alarming telegram and finally arrived in the village, her mother had already been buried by strangers. She can only come to a fresh grave mound. She feels the bitterness and weight of her loss, but nothing can be returned. Writers show that often at the heart of the eternal conflict lies the ordinary callousness and ingratitude of children. Life is not easy: parents and children cannot live without ever arguing, quarreling, offending each other. But if both of them remember that they are one link in an endless chain of generations, that life is tightly connected links of this chain, that everything rests on love, kindness, mutual understanding, then, perhaps, the long-standing conflict of generations will exhaust itself, and people on earth will be happier. I think it's possible. The author of the essay is Tatyana Novosyolova (580 words)

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The novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is the most famous work of the writer, which raises questions that have remained relevant for centuries. Chief among them is the relationship between fathers and children. Therefore, it is no coincidence that today any school program provides an essay on the topic "The Dispute of Generations".

Curriculum vitae

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a nobleman by birth. His childhood was spent in the family estate, where personal teachers and tutors were engaged in the upbringing of the boy. In 1827 the family moved from Orel to Moscow. Here Turgenev enters a boarding school, and then to Moscow University, from which a year later he is transferred to St. Petersburg. He traveled a lot in his younger years in Europe, attended literary circles.

1843 was marked by the beginning of Turgenev's service in the Ministry of the Interior. The writer meets Belinsky, begins work on the first works. But only after the death of Nicholas II saw the light major works, including "Fathers and Sons". It became most famous largely due to the fact that each of us wrote an essay at school on the topic "Fathers and Sons - the conflict of two generations."

Ivan Sergeevich showed an incredible craving for Western literature, because of which he even moved to Baden-Baden. Here he participated in the literary and cultural life and met foreign writers: Dickens, Merimee, Hugo, Thackeray and many others. After some time, Turgenev began to translate the works of Russian writers into foreign languages. His tireless activity is eventually rewarded with a doctorate from the University of Oxford. The last took place in Paris, where he died in 1883.

Creativity Turgenev

An essay on the topic “The Dispute of Generations” is best to start with a small paragraph containing short review the entire work of the writer.

Belinsky and Gogol were the first to notice and appreciate Turgenev's talent. Having met the future writer at a young age, they immediately noticed the potential in his work. Belinsky, on the other hand, managed to determine the features of the writer's work from Turgenev's early works: observation, realism, lightness and elegance of style, attention to detail.

Turgenev could not be called a revolutionary, but his interest in the fate of the motherland, the desire to alleviate its fate and correct shortcomings is strongly manifested in his works. Many Russian revolutionaries were brought up precisely on these ideas of the writer.

The history of the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

You can also start writing an essay on the topic “The Dispute of Generations” by describing the process of creating a work.

The idea of ​​writing a novel arose in 1860. Turgenev immediately gets to work, and the first chapters appear very quickly. However, after productive activity comes stagnation, and it resumes only after a year. But in general, the novel was written very quickly. The history of the creation of the work can be completed with a report on its last edition, which Turgenev carried out before publication in 1862. Later, the author himself never made any changes to his text.

The main conflict of the novel

The dispute between two generations in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is the main conflict of the work. The sharp controversy between senior and junior representatives of society became a plot-forming one and raised a number of serious issues: the inevitability of changing values, the perception of the experience of ancestors, its comprehension and transformation, the difference in worldview among representatives of different ages.

In addition to this leading conflict, the problem of social strata is also raised in the novel. From the origin of the hero depends on his political views and ideas about the world.

The image of Bazarov

Yevgeny Bazarov is the key character of the novel, he is a nihilist, he believes only in science and does not see the point in beauty and useless art. This is a strong and self-confident person, he is endowed with sharp mind and inclined to exact sciences. Bazarov is a materialist, the main thing for him is work, the strength of his personality is such that it is easy to fall under his influence. Everything ephemeral, abstract and not bringing concrete benefit in his understanding is useless. Eugene sometimes appears as a very tough, even cruel and ruthless person. He freely criticizes and insults his opponents without looking back at their feelings.

All this characteristic can be freely transferred to written work on the topic "Dispute of generations: together and apart". The final essay must necessarily include an analysis and its evolutions.

Changes in Eugene's worldview occur at the moment when he falls in love. After meeting with Odintsova, his former ideals and theories collapse. Bazarov finds himself at a crossroads, he can no longer hide behind cynicism, now he is aware of the complexity of human relationships.

Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov

It is impossible, without considering these two images, to write an essay on the topic “The Dispute of Generations”. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich are the characters on whose contradictions the entire conflict of the work is built. Bazarov rebels against what he calls the inventions of inactive aristocrats: art, friendship, love, soul, religion. Of course, his main opponent is just one of the "inventors" of all this - Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

Kirsanov believes that the nobility is called upon to preserve the main values ​​​​of mankind - spiritual ones, therefore it is natural that Evgeny's reasoning leads him to anger and indignation. He is alien to "newfangled influences."

A mini-essay on the topic “The Problem of the Generation Conflict” can be started by describing the acquaintance of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov and the quarrels that immediately begin to flare up between them. These heroes have different ideas about everything, be it science, politics, morality, feelings. Any topic leads them to confrontation.

But in these disputes, Bazarov invariably comes out victorious. All Kirsanov's arguments remain unsubstantiated. Pavel Petrovich does not have original thoughts and beliefs, he voices long-known and already outdated truths. Eugene expresses original ideas that can really change the world and help people. Bazarov is a man of physical and mental labor, Pavel Petrovich is a contemplator and philosopher. There can be nothing in common between these heroes, they are representatives of diametrically opposed worldviews.

Indicative in the characterization of the image of Pavel Petrovich is an episode in which his life abroad is described. The only reminder of the homeland that Kirsanov has preserved is an ashtray made in the form of a peasant's bast shoes.

Arkady's conflict with his father

Arkady's confrontation with his father is not as open as the conflict between Pavel Kirsanov and Bazarov. Therefore, an essay on the topic “The Dispute of Generations: Together and Apart” can include only a brief mention of these disagreements.

Nikolai Petrovich, unlike his brother, is endowed by Turgenev with wisdom and an exalted soul. The son is in many ways similar to his father, which does not allow these two heroes to finally move away and become irreconcilable enemies. Arkady himself is different from his idol Yevgeny, he is not so convinced of nihilistic ideas and theories. The cynicism and disregard for the feelings of Kirsanov Jr. are simulated, which leads Nikolai Petrovich to indignation. However, Kirsanov's wisdom is so great that he does not blame his son and does not try to convince him. He waits, and gradually Arkady returns home, abandoning false ideals. In fact, Kirsanov Jr. needs peace, prosperity and a quiet happy life from life. Therefore, the conflict of these two characters cannot be as strong as the confrontation between Bazarov and Uncle Arkady.

Output

Thus, the essay on the topic “The Dispute of Generations: Together and Apart” should reflect the main conflict between the nihilist commoner Bazarov and the idealist aristocrat Pavel Petrovich. The contradiction between Arkady and his father is only a reflection of the desire of Kirsanov Jr. to appear independent and independent.